Mhtmtal Settles. 
^0. U. 



/y^^^^A^^^-f^ t)^"3«^?«//Vi'^ ^fU^^2^^pt<-^ j/-^^ 






, ^ c/^^L. K^^/t^yrx. . ^..^ ^f^ i^t^t^ ,1,,,^ 

/ 



FAC-SIMILE OF THE FIRST PAQE OF HADDEN'S JOUHNAL. 



C)a&bcn'0 Imtmal anb ©rbcrlij iBooka, 



JOURNAL KEPT IN CANADA 

AND 

UPON BURGOYNE'S CAMPAIGN 

IN 1776 AND 1777, BY 

LIEUT. JAMES Mh^'HADDEN, Roy. Art. 



Orders kept by him and issued by Sir Guy Carleton, Lieut. 

General John Burgoyne and Major General 

William Phillips, in 1776, 1777 and 1778. 



S 



WITH AN explanatory CHAPTER AND NOTES BY 

HORATIO ROGERS, 

Brigadier General U. S. V., and formerly Colonel Second Rhode Island 
Infantry ; Member of the American Antiquarian Society, and 
Author of Fri-vate Libraries of Pro'vidence. 




ALBANY, N. Y. 



t- TjJEL MUNSELL'S SONS, 82 STATE ST. 
O 03: 



M. DCCC. LXXXIV. 




TO 



the enthusiastic Burgoyne-student^ 

but for whose unfailing interest and urgent 
zeal this volume would probably never 
have been published, the work, now 
completed, and in print, is affec- 
tionately dedicated by his 
old College friend, 
the Editor. 



ERRATA. 

Page, 
lii. For John Watson Powell, read Henry Watson Powell. 

367. For 3d Earl of Chesterfield, read /^.th Earl of Chesterfield. 

468. For 113th, or Royal Highland Volunteers, read 113th, or Royal Highlanders. 



CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Preface, ---------- ix 

Calendar for 1776, ------ xv 

Calendar for 1777, -..____ xvi 

Authorities, -------- xvii 

An Explanatory Chapter, by the Editor, xxxv 

Hadden's Journal, ------- i 

Hadden's Orderly Books, - - - _ 167 

Appendix, ------.__ ^^^ 

Index, ---------- ^6^ 



MAPS, ETC., IN FAC-SIMILE. 



♦•♦ 



On, or to face 
First page of Hadden's Journal, - - - Title 

Sketch of the action on Lake Champlain, 1 1 

Oct., 1776, ----_-.. 23 

Lake Champlain about Crown Point, - 33 

British Gun Boat, ---____ ^5 

Ticonderoga and its vicinity, - - - - 83 

Country between Lake Champlain and Still- 
water, including Lake George, - - - 90 
Burgoyne's Order of March, Sept. 17, 

"^111^ --------- j^2 

Eurgoyne's Order of March, Sept. 19, 

nil^ ---------- 164 

Burgoyne'sOrder of Battle Sept. 19, 1777. 164 



PREFACE. 
< • « ^ > — ■ — 

A knowledge of the British, no less than of 
the American participants in Burgoyne's cam- 
paign, being necessary to the proper understand- 
ing of that great event, has led me to investigate 
the personnel of Burgoyne's army, and to annotate 
the text far more fully than had, at first, been in- 
tended. No reference in the notes has been 
made to characters like Stark, Schuyler, Heath, 
Warner, Morgan, Lord Stirling, etc., as they are 
presumed to be familiar to the American reader ; 
and though Dr. O'Callaghan, in Burgoyne's 
Orderly Book, has sketched, with more or less 
fullness, some of the British officers annotated in 
the following pages, yet, in nearly, if not quite, 
every instance, some facts have been added to 
those the Doctor has given ; hence, for complete- 
ness, notes on such personages have not been ex- 
cluded from this volume. So little is known of 
Burgoyne's Canadian and Provincial officers, and 
especially of the leader of Burgoyne's Indians, 
that no pains have been spared to glean all possi- 
ble information in regard to them. Notwith- 



/ 



X Preface. 

standing much has been written relating to 
Burgoyne, yet no biographer has been sufficiently 
precise to give the exact date of his birth, or to 
inform us of the facts on which rests the scandal 
in regard to his parentage, so that the reader can 
judge for himself of the merits of the case. 
The looseness which has characterized other 
portions of the various memoirs of this offi- 
cer's life and character, accounts for so full a 
sketch of Burgoyne in the notes. As various 
writers have confused bearers of the same name 
with some of Burgoyne's officers, brief sketches 
of a number of such contemporaries have been 
given, in order to aid, as far as may be, in ob- 
viating such confusion hereafter. 

Though writing of Englishmen, and others, 
engaged in a cause in which my proclivities are 
all against them, as my grandfather and one of 
his brothers were officers in the Rhode Island 
Line, and another brother was a brigade chaplain 
in the Pennsylvania Line, on the patriot side 
during the Revolutionary War, yet I have striven 
to write as one without prejudice, both in stating 
facts without coloring, and in drawing conclu- 
sions without improper bias. 



Preface, xi 

If I have gone too much into artillery details, 
it must be borne in mind that Lieut. Hadden was 
an artillery officer ; and, it may- be, the fact that 
I served as first -lieutenant, captain, and major, in 
the Third Rhode Island Heavy ;Artillery during 
the early years of our late civil war, has whetted 
my interest in such matters to a degree not shared 
by the majority of readers. My aim has been, 
editorially, to write for historical students, more 
than for the general reader ; hence no dates and 
no precision of statement of any fact have been 
omitted, merely to add to rhetorical effect. 

The Orders, contained in the latter part of this* 
work, reflect much light upon Burgoyne's cam- 
paign, and, consequently, upon Hadden's Journal ; 
since Orders issued in 1776, in regard to the 
formation and regulations of the army in Canada, 
applied very largely to the troops under Burgoyne 
the next year. 

Calendars for the years 1776 and 1777, have 
been inserted in the introductory matter, so that 
readers desiring to refer to them, may readily do 
so ; the table of * Contents ' showing exactly 
where they may be found. 

Save in a very few cases, I have made no refer- 
ence in the notes to the topography of the 



xii Preface, 

country, as others personally familiar with it, 
have fully and clearly explained it ; far more so, 
than I could hope to do. 

The authorities for the editor's work have been 
intended to be given as fully as possible, as, in 
historical writing, the importance of furnishing 
them is thoroughly realized ; and if, in any case, 
it shall be found that they have been omitted, 
it is due solely to oversight, as some of the 
notes were originally written without noting the 
authorities at the time, thus necessitating their 
subsequent addition. Where the authorities for 
a note are few, or where they are so intermingled 
that it would be well nigh impossible to refer to 
them accurately, save in mass, they have been 
inserted at the end without special reference to 
them in the body of the note. To save space and 
expense the name of every volume of authority 
referred to, has been lettered in the table of 
* Authorities,' and subsequent refereMces are to the 
letters, and not to the name of the volume ; the 
table of •' Authorities ' serving as a key. As but 
comparatively few readers will care for the 
authorities, while those who do, will care for 
them very much, and as the notes have expanded 
far beyond the bounds originally set for them. 



Preface. xiii 

making it necessary to resort to some method to 
keep the volume within reasonable limits, it is 
hoped that this device for economizing space 
will cause but little inconvenience. 

I return my heartiest thanks to Mr. William 
L. Stone, of Jersey City, for his unfailing interest 
in this work, as well as for much valuable aid 
and counsel. I am also under obligations to 
Gen. J. Watts de Peyster, and Dr. Thomas 
Addis Emmet, of New York ; Hon. Wins- 
low C. Watson, of Port Kent, N. Y. ; Dr. A. 
W. Holden, of Glens Falls, N. Y. ; J. M. Le 
Moine, Esq., President of the Literary and Anti- 
quarian Society of Quebec ; Major L. A. Huguet- 
Latour, and the Abbe Verreau of Montreal ; and 
the Abbe Tanguay, of Ottawa, Canada. For the 
use of valuable manuscripts I am indebted to 
many parties ; and especially to the Massachu- 
setts Historical Society, for the Heath Papers, 
and the Military Papers of Capt. Moses Green- 
leaf; to the New York Historical Society, for 
the Gates Papers; to the American Antiquarian 
Society, of Worcester, Massachusetts, for various 
Order and Letter Books ; and to the Department 
of Agriculture of the Dominion of Canada, for 
the Haldimand Papers. In this latter connection 



xiv Preface, 

I cannot refrain from referring to the unwearied 
zeal and unfailing courtesy of Mr. Douglas 
Brymner, of Ottawa, the Archivist of the Do- 
minion of Canada, in affording me the fullest 
and most satisfactory use of the Haldimand 
Papers, and the other manuscripts confided to 
his charge. Would that all public officials in 
custody of valuable manuscripts, might take a 
lesson from him. To these and to various others, 
too numerous to mention, who have been of ser- 
vice to me in preparing this work, I return my 
most grateful acknowledgments. It would, 
indeed, be an omission, not to specially com- 
mend the typographical excellence displayed by 
the Messrs. Munsell in this work; — surely, 
none of its faults can justly be attributed to 
them. 

The limits of an ordinary preface are far too 
circumscribed to admit of many matters it has 
seemed desirable to advert to, in editing a work 
of this character ; hence the reader is referred to 
An Explanatory Chapter, by the Editor, for infor- 
mation, that, but for the space it requires, would 
have been included in the so-called preface. 

H. R. 
Providence, R. I., March 31st, 1884. 



CALENDAR FOR 1776. 



JANUARY. 

srMTTTwTr. F. s. 



... 123450 

7 8 9 10 II 12 13 
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 
28 29 30 31 



FEBRUARY. 



S. M.T.W.T. F. S. 



123 

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

II 12 13 14 ^5 i^ 17 
18 19 20 21 2223 24 
25 26 27 28 29 



MARCH. 



S. M.T. W.T. F. S. 



APRIL. 



S^M^T^W.T.^S. 

... 123456 

7 8 9 10 II 12 13 

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 



MAY. 

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I 2 

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10 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 

31 



JUNE. 



1234 

5 6 7 8 9 10 II 
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 



21 22 23 24 25 26 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 
282930 26272829 3031 ... 



S. M. T. W. T. F. S. 



JULY 




9 10 II 12 13 
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 
282930 31 



OCTOBER. 

srKrTTwTfTF. s. 



AUGUST. 



S. M. T. W. T. F. S. 



2345678 

9 10 II 12 13 14 15 

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 

30 



123 

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 
II 12 13 14 15 16 17 
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 



12345 

6 7 8 9 10 II 12 
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 

27 28 29 30 31 



NOVEMBER. 



S. M.T.W.T. F.S. 



3456789 
10 II 12 13 14 15 16 
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 



SEPTEMBER. 

sjv^tTw. TTf. s^ 

1234567 

8 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 
2930 



DECEMBER. 



S. M. T. W. T. F. S. 



1234567 

8 9 10 II 12 13 14 

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 

29 3031 



CALENDAR FOR 1777. 



JANUARY. 



S. M.T. W.T. F. S. 



FEBRUARY. 



S. M.T. W.T. F. S. 



MARCH. 



S. M.T. W. T. F. S. 



1234 

5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 
26 27 28 29 30 31 ... 



APRIL. 



S. M.T. W.T. F.S. 



12345 

6 7 8 9 10 II 12 
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 
27 28 29 30 



2345678 
9 10 II 12 13 14 15 

16 17 18 19 20 2J 22 
23 24 25 26 27 28 ... 



2345678 

9 10 II 12 13 14 15 

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 

3031 



MAY. 



JUNE. 



S, M.T. W.T. F.S. 



JULY. 



S. M. T. W.T. F.S. 



123 

456 7 8 9 10 
II 12 13 14 15 16 17 
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 



AUGUST. 



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1234567 

8 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 

29 30 



S. M.T. W.T. F.S. 



SEPTEMBER. 



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... 123456 
7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 
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20 21 22 23 24 25 26 
27 28 293031 



OCTOBER. 



S. M.T. W.T. F.S. 



I 2 

3456789 
10 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 

3' 



NOVEMBER. 



DECEMBER 



S. M.T. W T. F.S. 



S. M. T. W. T. F. S. 



1234 

5 6 7 8 9 10 II 
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 

26 27 28 29 30 31 ... 



2345678 

9 10 II 12 13 14 15 

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 

30 



... 123456 
7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 
28293031 



AUTHORITIES. 

[Future references to volumes of authority in this work, will, 
for economy of space and expense, usually be to their letters, 
and not to their names.] 

Vol. 

A. Allen's Battles of the British Navy, i 

B. Allen, Narrative of Ethan. 

C. American Archives, 4th Series, i 
r\ u tt u .2 

F. " " *' 4 

G. " " " 5 
H. " " " 6 
I. " 5th " I 

T (( u '< 2 

K. " " " 3 

L. American Historical Record, i 

M. " " 2 

N. " « 3 

N.N. American Military Pocket Atlas. 

O. Anburey's Travels through the Interior Parts 

of America, 1st Ed., i 

P. Idem. 2 

Q. Anderson's Scottish Nation, 2 

R. Annual Biography and Obituary, 4 

S. " *' 8 

T. " " 14 

U. " " 16 



XVlll 



Authorities. 



Vol. 



V. 

w. 

X. 
Y. 
Z. 

A.A. 
A.B. 
A.C. 
A.D. 
A.E. 
A.F. 
A.G. 



A.H. 

A.I. 

A.J. 

A.K. 

A.L. 

A.M. 

A.N. 

A.O. 

A. P. 

A.Q. 

A.R. 

A.S. 

A.T. 



miijuai x\.(.Hi3iv.i ivji 


1773- 






1787. 






1794. 






1795- 






1799. 






I80I. 






1802. 






1804. 






1808. 






1822. 




Badeaux. Invasion 


du Canada par Les Amer- 




icains en 1775. Journal de J.-Bte. Badeaux. 




In vol. I, Invasion du Canada, par M. 




I'Abbe Verreau. 






Bancroft's History 


of the United States, 


4 


(( 


<( (C 


6 


a 


c( (c 


7 


(C 


(( «t 


9 


(( 


C( (i 


10 



Beatson's Chronological Register of both 
Houses of the British Parliament. 

Idem. 

Idem. 
Beatson's Military and Naval Memoirs, 



Beatson's Political Index to the Histories of 
Great Britain and Ireland, 
Idem. 



Authorities. xix 

Vot. 

A.U. Beaton's Political Index to the Histories of 

Great Britain and Ireland, 4 

A.V. Bell's Translation of Garneau's I'Histoire du 

Canada, 2 

A.W. Berthelot. Extraits d' un Memoire de M. 

A. Berthelot sur I'Invasion du Canada en 
1775. In vol. I, Invasion du Canada, par 
I'Abbe Verreau. 

A.X. Bibaud's Le Pantheon Canadien, 

A.Y. " Les Institutions de I'Histoire du 

Canada, I 

A.Z. Boston Evening Post. Oct. 17, 1778. 

B.A. Boston Gazette. July 28, 1777. 

B.B. " Sept. 8, 1777. 

B.C. " '^ 29, 1777. 

B.D. " Oct. 6, 1777. 

B.E. " Nov. 10, 1777. 

B.F. Bouton's History of Concord, N. H, 

B.G. Brenton's Naval History of Great Britain, 2 

B.H. British Army Lists. 

B.I. Brooks' History of Medford, Mass. 

B.J. Browne's History of the Highlands and Clans, 4 

B.K. Burgoyne. Fonblanque's Political and Mili- 

tary Episodes of. 

B.L. Burgoyne's Works. 2 vols. 

B.M. " Orderly Book. 

B.M.M. " Speech on Vyner's Motion. 

B.N. " State of the Expedition. 

B.O. " Supplement to the State of the 

Expedition. 



XX Authorities. 

Vol, 
B P. Burk's History of Virginia, 3 

B.Q. " " 4 

B.R. Burke's Peerage and Baronetage. 

B,S. " Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies. 

B.T. " Landed Gentry. 

B.T.T. Burke. Works of Edmund. Rivington's 

Ed. of 1852, I 

B.U. Campbell's Annals of Tryon County, N. Y. 

B.V. *' History of Virginia. 

B.W. Canada. Conquest of. By the Author of 

" Hochelaga," 2 

B.X. Canadian Monthly and National Review, 5 

B.Y. Carrington's Battles of the American Revo- 

lution, 
B,Z, Chamber's Biographical Dictionary of Eminent 

Scotsmen, Ed. of 1835, i 

B.Z.Z. Idem. 2 

C.A, Chipman's Memoir of Col, Seth Warner. 

C.B. Colden Papers. [Publication Fund Series, 

N. Y. Hist, Society.] i 

C,C. Idem. 2 

CD. Collins' Peerage, Brydges' Ed,, 8 

C,E. Congress, Journals of, [For 1774-5,] i 

C,E,E, " "- [For 1777,] 3 

C.F. " " [For 1776,] 2 

C.F.F. " '' [For 1781,] 7 

C.G. Connecticut Colonial Records, , 9 

C.H. " " 10 

C.I. " " II 

C.J. " Courant. May 27, 1776. 



Authorities, xxi 

Vol. 

C.K. Connecticut Courant, Sept. 23, 1776. 

C.L. " " April 10, 1777. 

CM. " Historical Society. Collections of, i 

C.N. Continental Journal for Sept. 19, 1776. 

CO. " " May 22, 1777. 

CP. " " July 24, 1777. 

C.Q. " " July 31, 1777. 

C.Q.Q. " " Aug. 7, 1777. 

CR. " '' Sept. 18, 1777. 

C.S. " *' Oct. 2, 1777. 

CT. Cook. Orderly Book of Col. Thaddeus. 

Manuscript in the American Antiquarian 

Society's Library. 

CU. Cornwallis' Correspondence, i 

CV. " " 2t 

CW. '' " 3 

CW.W. Cumberland. Memoirs of Richard. Boston, 1806. 

ex. Debrett's Peerage. 

CY. Dodd's Manual of Dignities. 

CZ. Duncan's History of the Royal Artillery, I 

D.A. " " " 2 

D.B. Elizabethtown [N. Y.] Post and Gazette for 

Dec. 4, 1879. 

D.C Encyclopaedia Britannica. 9th Ed., 2 

D.D. European Magazine, 66 

D.E. Farmer and Moore's Historical Collections, i 

D.F. " " " 3 

D.G. Fitch's Survey of Washington County, N. Y. 

D.H. Fitzmaurice's Life of Lord Shelburne. 

D.L Fletcher. Narrative of Ebenezer. 



xxii Authorities, 



D.u. 



Vol. 



D.J. Foster's Baronetage and Knightage. 
D.K. " Peerage and Orders of Knighthood. 

D.K.K. Franklin's Works, by Sparks, 9 

D L. Fraser. Journal of Operations before Quebec 

in 1759, by Malcolm. 

D.M. Frothingham's History of the Siege of Boston. 

D N. Fullom's Life of Sir Howard Douglas. 

D.O. Gaine's Universal Register for 1779. 
D.P. " " '• 1782. 

D.Q. Gaspe. Memoires par Philippe de. 

D.R. Gates' Papers. Manuscript in New York 

Historical Society's Library. 

D.S. Gentleman's Magazine, 17 

D.T. " " 28 



44 



D.V. " " 48 

D.W. " " 

D.X. 



49 
51 

D.X.X. " '^ 54 

D.Y. " " Pt. I. 59 

D.Z. " " * Pt. I. 60 

D.Z.Z. " " Pt. 2. 62 

E.A. " /» Pt. 2. 66 

E.B. « " Pt. 2. 71 

E.G. " « Pt. 2. 73 

E.D. " " Pt. 2. 75 

E.E. " " Pt. I. 78 

E.F. *' " Pt. 2. 79 

E.G. " " Pt. I. 80 

E.H. " " Pt. 2. 80 



Authorities, xxiii 

Vol. 

E.I. Gentleman's Magazine Pt. 2. 83 

E.J. " *' Pt. I. 84 

E.K. " " Pt. 2. 84 

E.L. " " Pt- 2. 85 

E.M. " " Pt- I- 87 

E.N. " " Pt- 2. 87 

E.O. " " *' Pt- 2. 91 

E.p. " " Pt- 2. 92 

E.P.P. " " Pt- 2. 93 

E.Q. " " Pt- 2. 95 

E.R. " " Pt- I. 97 

E.S. " " Pt- I- 98 

E.T. " " Pt- 2. 99 

E.U. " " N. S. 4 

E.V. Georgian Era, 2 

E.W. Gordon's History of the American Revolution, 

London Ed. of 1788, 2 

E.W.W. Idem. 3 

E.X. Greenleaf. Military Papers of Capt. Moses. 

Manuscript in the Massachusetts Historical 
Society's Library. 
E.Y. Graham's Life of General Daniel Morgan. 

E.Z. Hadden's Journal and Orderly Books. 

F A. Haldimand Papers. Copy in the Parliament 

Library, Ottawa, Canada, of the Manu- 
script in the British Museum. 
F.B. Idem. Register of Letters from Sir Guy 

Carleton to Various Persons, 1 776-1 778, i 
EC. " Idem. 2 

E.D. " Correspondence of the Ministers with 



xxiv Authorities. 

Vol. 
Gens. Amherst, Gage and Carleton, 
1760-1778. 

F.E. Idem. General Orders by Sir Guy Carleton and 

Gen. Haldimand, 1776-1783. 

F.F. *' Register of Warrants issued for the Ex- 

traordinary Service of the Army, 1778- 
1780, I 

F.G. " Idem, 1771-1782, 3 

F.H. " Letters to the Ministry, 1778-1781, i 

F.I. " Letters to Gen. Haldimand from the 

Boards of Admiralty and Ordnance, 
1778-1785. 

F.J. " Letters from Various Persons to Gen. 

Haldimand, 4 

F.K. " Letters from Officers commanding at 

Niagara, 1777-1778, i 

F.L. " Letters to Various Persons. 1778. 

F.M. " Register of Naval and Military Commis- 

sions, 1778-1782. 

F.N. Hall's Early History of Eastern Vermont. 

F.N.N. Haskell and Smith's Gazetteer of the United States. 

F.O. Haydn's Book of Dignities. 

F.P. Heath Papers. Manuscript in the Massachu- 

setts Historical Society's Library. 

F.P.P. Heath's Memoirs. 

F.Q. Henley. Proceedings of a General Court 

Martial upon the trial of Col. David. 

F.R. Henry's Arnold's Campaign against Quebec. 

F.S. Hinman's Part sustained by Connecticut during 

the War of the Revolution. 



Authorities , 



XXV 



F.T. 

F.U. 

F.U.U. 

F.V. 

F.W. 

F.X. 

F.Y. 

F.Z. 

G.A. 

G.B. 

G.C. 

G.D. 

G.E. 

G.F. 

G.G. 

G.H. 

G.I. 

G.J. 

G.K, 

G.L. 
G.M. 
G.N. 
G.O. 

G.P. 
G.Q. 
G.R. * 



Histoire des Grandes Families Fran^aises du 
Canada, 

Idem, 
Historical Magazine, 



2d Series, 



Vol. 

I 

2 
2 

3 

4 
6 

9 
I 

5 

7 



Historical Record of the 9th Foot. British. 
20th " " 

2ist " " 

31st " " 

34th <' " 

46th " " 

53d " 

Holden's History of Queensbury. 

Hough's Northern Invasion, 1780. Bradford 
Club Series, No. 6. 

Howe. Narrative of Lieut. Gen. Sir William. 

Huntingdon's History of Stamford, Conn. 

James' iMilitary Dictionary. 2 vols. Ed. of 1810. 

Jefferson's Memoirs, Correspondence, &c. 
2d Ed., Boston, 1830, Gray & Bowen, i 

Jesse's Memoirs of the Pretenders, i 

Johnson. Orderly Book of Sir John. 

Jones' History of New York during the Revo- 
lutionary War, I 
d 



xxvi Authorities, 

Vol. 
G.S. Jones' History of New York during the Revo- 

lutionary War, 2 

G.T. Junius' Letters. 

G.U. Kane's Artillery List. 

C V 1 

^y' > Lamb's Journal of the American War. 

G.W. " Memoir of His Own Life. 

G.X.X. Le Moine. Title Deeds of J. M., Manuscript 
in possession of J. M. Le Moine. 
G. Y. " Maple Leaves of J. M., 3d Series. 

G.Y.Y. " " " New Series, 

1873. 
G.Z Lindsay's Lives of the Lindsays, 2 

H.A. Lippincott's Magazine, 24 

H.B. List of Officers serving in North America 

under Sir Henry Clinton in 1779. 
H.C. List of Officers serving in North America 

under Sir Guy Carleton in 1783. 
H.D. Livingston. Orderly Book of Henry B., 

Manuscript in the American Antiquarian 

Society's Library. 
H.E. London Chronicle, 4 

H.F. " " 39 

H.G. " " 41 

H.H. " " 42 

H.L '' " 43 

H.J. " " 44 

H.K. " " 45 

H.L. " " 46 

H.M. " " 47 



Authorities. xxvii 

Vol. 

H.N. London Chronicle, 48 

H.O. " '^ 49 

H.P. " " 50 

H.Q. *' " 53 

H.R. " " 54 

H.S. Lorimier. Mes Services pendant La Guerre 

Americaine de 1775. Memoire de M. de. 

In vol. I, Livasion du Canada, par M. 1' 

Abbe Verreau 

H.T. Lossing's Field Book of the Revolution. 2d 

Ed. I 
H.T.T. Lowell's The Hessians and the other Ger- 
man Auxiliaries of Great Britain in the 
Revolutionary War. 
H.U. McDonnell. Orderly Book of Capt. Archi- 
bald of the 1st Batt. of the Royal Regt. 

of New York. Manuscript in possession 
of Major L. A. Huguet-Latour, Montreal. 
H.V. Mackintosh, Memoirs of Sir James. i 

H.W. Maclean. An Historical and Genealogical 

Account of The Clan Maclean, from its 
first settlement at Castle Douart, in the 
Isle of Mull, to the present period. By a 
Seneachie. London, 1838. 
H.X. Magazine of American History, i 

H.Y. " " " " 2 

H.Z. '^ " " " 4 

LA. " " " " 6 

LA. A. Marshall. Extracts from the Diary of Chris- 

topher. 



xxviii Authorities, 

Vol 
LB. Marshall's Royal Naval Biography, i 

I.e. ^' " " '' Pt. I. 2 

I.D. " " " " Pt. 2. 2 

I.E. Maseres' Additional Papers concerning the 

Province of Quebeck. 
I.F. Morgan's Sketches of Celebrated Canadians. 

I.G. Munday's Life and Correspondence of the 

late Admiral Rodney, 2 

LH. Naval Chronicle. [For i8io,] 23 

LL New England Historical and Genealogical 

Register, 6 

LJ. Idem. 13 

LK. Idem. 15 

LL. Idem. 25 

I.M. Idem. 31 

I.N. New Hampshire Adjutant General's Report 

for 1866, 2 

I.O. " " Historical Society's Collec- 

tions, 5 

I.O.O. " " State Papers, 8 

LP. New York. Documents relating to the 

Colonial History of, 7 

I.R. Idem. 8 

I.S. Idem. 10 

I.T. Osier's Life of Admiral Viscount Exmouth. 

I.U. O'Byrne's Naval Biographical Dictionary. 

I.U.U. Palmer's History of Lake Champlain. 

LV. Parliamentary Register. 

I.W. Pennsylvania Gazette. Aug. 2, 1775. 

I.X. Playfair's British Family Antiquary, 6 



Authorities. xxix 

Vol. 

I.Y. Playfair's British Family Antiquary, 7 

I.Z. " " " 8 

J. A. Providence Gazette. Aug. 16, 1776. 

J.B. Quebec Gazette. Sept. 22, 1774. 

J.C. " " Oct. 13, 1774. 

J.D. " " Feb. 2, 1775. 

J.E. " " June 15, 1775. 

J.F. " " Aug. 24, 1775- 

J.G. " " Oct. 5, 1775. 

J.H. " '* Nov. 14, 1776. 

J.I. " " May 8, 1777. 

J.J. *' " May 29, 1777. 

J.K. " " June 5, 1777. 

J.L. " " July 24, 1777. 

J.M. " " June 25, 1778. 

J.N. " " July 2,1778. 

J.O. " " Aug. 6, 1778. 

J.P. " " Aug, 19, 1779. 

J.Q. " " Oct. 28, 1779. 

J.R. " " Nov. 25, 1784. 

J.S. " " Oct. 19, 1786. 

J.T. " " June 21, 1787. 

J.U. " " July 26, 1787. 

J.V. " " July 17, 1788. 

J.W. " *' Aug. 6, 1789. 

J.X. " ■' Sept. 30, 1790. 

J.Y. " " Jan. 13, 1791. 

J.Z. Quebec. Journal of the Principal Occur- 
rences during the Siege of , by the 

American Revolutionists. Edited by W. 
T. Shortt of H. B. M. 17th Foot. 



XXX Authorities, 

Vol. 
K.A. Quebec. Rituel du Diocese de — , public par 

I'ordre de Monseigneur I'Eveque de Quebec. 

Paris, 1703. 2d Ed. 
K.B. Randolph's Domestic Life of Thomas Jeffer- 

son. 
K.B.B. Rainsford. Journal of Commissary. [N. Y. 

Hist. Soc'y Pub. Fund Series. Vol. 12.] 
K.C, Remembrancer, i 

K.D. *' 2 

K.E. " 3 

K.F. *' 4 

K.G. " 5 

K.H. " 6 

K.I. " II 

K.I.I. " 12 

K.J. " 13 

K.K. " 14 

K.L. Riedesel. Letters and Journal of Madame. 

Stone's Translation. 
K.M. Riedesel. Memoirs, Letters and Journal of 

Gen. Stone's Translation. i 

Idem. 2 

Rivington's Royal Gazette. Oct. 13, 1781. 
Royal Kalendar for 1787. 

" Military Academy. Records of the — 
1741-1840. Woolwich, 1851. 

" Military Chronicle, 3 

Ruttenber's Catalogue of Manuscripts and 

Relics in Washington's Head Quarters, 

Newburgh. 



K.N. 


K.O. 


K.P. 


K.R. 


K.S. 


K.T. 



Authorities. xxxi 

Vol. 

K.U. Ryerson's Loyalists of America and their 

Times, ^ 

K.V. Sabine's Loyalists of the American Revolu- 

tion, I 

K.V.V. Idem. 2 

K.W. St. Clair Papers, i 

K.X. St. Luc. Journal du Voyage de M. Saint 

Luc de la Corne, £cr., dans le Navire 
L'AugustejCnl'an 1761. 2d Ed. Quebec, 
1863. 
K..Y. Sanguinet. Temoin Oculaire de I'lnvasion 

du Canada par Les Bastonnois. Journal 
de IVI. — In vol. I, Invasion du Canada, 
par M. I'Abbe Verreau. 
K.Z. Schomberg's Naval Chronology, 5 

L.A. Schuyler. Letter Book of Gen. Manu- 

script in the American Antiquarian Society's 
Library. 
L.B. Simcoe's Journal. Ed. of 1787. 

L.C. Simpson's Obituary and Records for the 

Counties of Lincoln, Rutland, and North- 
ampton. 
L.D. Smith's History of Canada, 2 

L.E. Stedman's History of the American War, i 

L.F. Stark's Memoir and Official Correspondence 

of Gen. John Stark. 
L.G. Stewart's Highlanders, 

L.H. Stone's Life of Sir William Johnson, 2 

LJ. >•' Burgoyne's Campaign and St. Leger's 

Expedition. 



2 



AN EXPLANATORY CHAPTER, 

By the Editor. 



On the loth of August, 1875, the editor pur- 
chased of Mr. J. W. Bouton, the well known 
bookseller of New York, two morocco book 
formed cases, which had just been received by 
him from Mr. Henry Stevens, of London. They 
were nearly eight inches high, about five inches 
wide, and contained eight pocket memorandum 
books, two of which were a manuscript journal 
kept by Lieut. James M. Hadden of the Royal 
Artillery, from his embarkation for Canada, 
March 4, 1776, to the close of the battle of 
Freeman's Farm, Sept. 19, 1777; Lieut. Hadden 
having served under Gen. Carleton in Canada in 
1776, and participated in Burgoyne's campaign 
the following year. The other six memorandum 
books were filled with copies of orders issued 
during 1776, 1777, and the early part of 1778. 
Inside the cover of one of the journal volumes 
Mr. Stevens has written a few lines of descrip- 
tion, and, after noting what they are, he goes on 
as follows : — 

"I bought them in 1873 of Hall Pringle, Esq., 
34 Bessborough Gardens, Pimlico, London, to- 



xxxvi Explanatory Chapter, 

gether with 6 MS. Orderly Books, ijj6-ijjj, 
kept by the same Capt. Hadden. These 8 vol- 
umes were formerly in the possession of Wm. 
Cobbett. 

Henry Stevens 

4 Trafalgar Square, London 
Aug. 12, 1874." 

Immediately upon acquiring these volumes the 
editor addressed a note to Hall Pringle Esq., ask- 
ing for any information he might be able to 
afford in regard to them, or their former owner- 
ship; but the enquiry failed to elicit a reply. 
The journal contains inherent proof of its authen- 
ticity, and it is here printed in full, with its maps, 
just as it is, without any misleading, so called 
emendations or corrections, in order that the 
reader may have the full benefit of his own con- 
clusions as to what manner ol man Lieut. Had- 
den was, so far, at least, as can be deduced from 
his work. 

The handwriting of the journal, a page of 
which, reproduced in fac-simile, serves as the 
frontispiece for this volume, corresponds exactly 
with Lieut. Hadden's signature to the Cambridge 
Parole. All cuts and maps to be found in this 
volume, are fac similes of the drawings and maps 
contained in Lieut. Hadden's journal. 

Though the Orderly Books are not in Lieut. 
Hadden's writing, yet they have corrections by 



Explanatory Chapter, xxxvii 

him, and, from their contents, it is clear that they 
were copied by an orderly sergeant or a company 
clerk for the use of an artillery officer. They 
are respectively entitled on the covers : " Orders, 
Canada, 1776, Part i." Same, ''Part 2." ''Or- 
ders, America, 1777." "Extracts from General 
Orders in Canada by Sir Guy Carleton, General 
Burgoyne &c in 1776 and 1777.* ^iso Orders 
after the Convention in New England." Two are 
duplicates, and are entitled "Extracts from the 
Brigade Orders of Major General Phillips in 
Canada Gf<;," but the orders therein are not con- 
fined to Canada, as some of them were issued 
upon Burgoyne's campaign. All the orders con- 
tained in these Orderly Books are not printed in 
this volume, but only those that are not to be 
found in Burgoyne's Orderly Book«, or are not 
to be found there entire. 

As this work will chiefly, if not solely, interest 
the historical student, much care has been taken 
to give the reader detailed information to enable 
him to judge of its genuineness, and its value as a 
contribution to history. The greater pains has 
been taken in this respect, because Burgoyne's 
Orderly Book purports to have been " printed from 
the original manuscript deposited at Washington's 

a. Orderly Book of Lieut. Gen. John original manuscript deposited at Wash- 

Burgoyne, from his entry into the State ington's Head-Quarters, Newburgh, N. Y. 

of New York until his surrender at Edited by E. B. O'Callaghan, M.D. 

Saratoga, i6th Oct., 1777. From the Albany. J. Munsell, i860. 



xxxviii Expla77atory Chapter. 

Head-Quarters, Newburgh, N. Y. ; " * whereas a 
comparison of the Hadden orders with those 
contained in Burgoyne's Orderly Book, satisfied 
the editor of this volume that that work was not 
only not printed from the original manuscript, 
but was printed from an extremely defective copy 
of it ; a conclusion strongly confirmed by a 
critical examination of the so called *' original 
manuscript " itself. The alleged ''original man- 
uscript " has more or less words and phrases 
stricken out and others interlined, just such 
errors as an inexpert copyist would be liable to 
make, and presents a general appearance that at 
once raises in the mind a question of its genuine- 
ness ; unless, indeed, Burgoyne's Adjutant-Gen- 
eral's office was incompetently conducted, — a 
presumption entirely without proof, and which 
Major Kingston's experience and reputation 
would seem to forbid. As the general, or his 
adjutant-general under his direction, composed 
the orders which were carefully copied into the 
Orderly Book by a clerk for preservation and 
reference, an Headquarters Orderly Book would 
present a neat and precise appearance. The 
following extracts from Major James' Military 
Dictionary, show clearly the mode of proceeding 

b. Mr. E. M. Ruttenber, in referring N. Y., with Historical Sketch prepared 

to the manuscript Burgoyne Orderly for the Trustees, under Act of May ii, 

Book, No. 53, page 27, of his " Cata- 1874," says: — "This is the Original 

iogue ot Manuscripts and Relics in Order Book." 
Washington's Head-Quarters, Newburgh, 



Explanatory Chapter, xxxix 

in issuing orders and multiplying copies of them 
in the British army a hundred years ago. "Gen- 
eral Orders," he says, "are such as are issued 
out by the general who commands, who gives 
them in writing to the adjutant-general, who 
first sends exact copies to the general officers of 
the day, and distributes them at his own quarters 
to all the brigade-majors, who daily go to head- 
quarters for that purpose, where they write down 
everything that is dictated to them : from thence 
they go and give the orders, at the place ap- 
pointed for that purpose, to the different majors 
or adjutants of the regiments which compose 
that brigade, who first read them to their col- 
onels and lieutenant-colonels, or majors, and 
then dictate them to the Serjeants of companies. 
This is more frequently done by the scrjeant- 
major. The different Serjeants write them cor- 
rectly down in their respective orderly-books, 
and bring them to all the officers belonging to 
the company. * * * 

" Orderly non-coi?imis stoned ojicers, are those 
who are orderly, or on duty for the week; who, 
on hearing the drum beat for orders, are to re- 
pair to the place appointed to receive them, 
and to take down in writing, in the orderly 
book, what is dictated by the adjutant or ser- 
jeant-major; they are then immediately to show 
those orders to the officers of the company, and 
afterwards warn the men for duty. 



xl Rxplanatory Chapter. 

"ORDERLY-z^ooy^. Every company has such a 
book in which the Serjeants write down both 
general and regimental orders for the specific in- 
formation of the officers and men. This book 
is provided and paid for by the captains of com- 
panies." 

Then, too, in the printed Burgoyne's Orderly 
Book are parts of orders, that are not to be 
found in the "original manuscript" at all, but 
which have been taken verbatim and unacknowl- 
edged, from a work published in London, in 1780, 
entitled " A Supplement to the State of the Ex- 
pedition from Canada, containing General Bur- 
goyne's Orders, respecting the principal move- 
ments and operations of the army to the raising 
of the siege of Ticonderoga." For illustration 
of this the reader is referred to the order herein- 
after contained, dated Aug. 18, \'J"]']y and to that 
dated Oct 3, of the same year. The omissions, 
likewise, in the Burgoyne's Orderly Book sup- 
plied by the Hadden Orderly Books, do not speak 
well for an ** original manuscript." In the reg- 
ular course of procedure, as shown by James, 
there must have been a considerable number of 
Orderly Books made by different officers for Bur- 
goyne's army, and the copy at Washington's 
Headquarters was, doubtless, one of them ; but 
the original manuscript, or original orderly book, 
was the one kept in the office of Burgoyne's adju- 
tant-general, and we hazard nothing in saying 



Explanatory Chapter, xli 

that the manuscript orderly book at Washington's 
Headquarters in Newburgh, is not that original 
one. Mr. E. M. Ruttenber, of Newburgh, in- 
formed the editor that the Burgoyne's Orderly 
Book at Washington's Headquarters, formerly 
belonged to Gen, James Clinton, who lived and 
died at Little Britain, about eight miles from 
Newburgh, N. Y. After his death his books 
and papers passed to his son, James G. Clinton, 
in whose hands they remained until his death, 
when they were temporarily removed to the 
residence of a friend. They subsequently went 
to James Clinton Bolton, a grandson of Gen. 
James Clinton, by whom they were presented, 
with a number of other papers, to Washington's 
Headquarters. 

James Murray Hadden, the writer of the jour- 
nal alluded to, was a son of Capt. John Hadden 
of the Royal Marines.' He entered the Royal 
Military Academy at Woolwich, as a gentleman 
cadet, April 2, 1771, and was commissioned a 
2d lieutenant in the Royal Regiment of Artillery 
Jan. 26, 1774, and assigned to the Second Bat- 
talion, then serving at Gibraltar and Minorca.^ *' 
While holding this rank he embarked at Eng- 
land, in a government transport, for Quebec, 
March 4, 1776, and landed at his place of desti- 
nation on the 12th of July following. In Oct. 
of that year, he had command of a gunboat on 
Lake Champlain in the naval affair which ended 
f 



xlii Explanatory Chapter, 

in the destruction of the greater part of Gen. 
Benedict Arnold's flotilla. The next spring he 
participated in Burgoyne's campaign. When 
the army arrived at Ticonderoga he and three 
non-commissioned officers and thirty men were 
detached from Capt. Borthwick's company, and 
with this detachment he served throughout the 
campaign ; the remainder of the company, with 
Capt. Horthwick and First Lieut. Barnes, being 
left at Ticonderoga to do garrison duty. July 
26th, Lieut. Hadden with his detachment, 
together with the rest of the artillery, and an in- 
fantry force under Lieut. -Col. Anstruther of 
the 62d Foot^ were dispatched to capture Fort 
George, — a task easily accomplished, as the 
Americans abandoned it at the approach of the 
British. July 30th, Lieut. Hadden, with his de- 
tachment, was ordered to join Capt. Thomas 
Jones' company in the Right Wing of the army, 
and to this company he was attached during the 
rest of the campaign. At the battle of Freeman's 
Farm, Sept. 19th, Lieut, Hadden fired the first 
shot from the main body of the British army; 
and, during the early part of that bloody action, 
his detachment served two guns on the left of the 
62d Regiment. Of twenty-two artillerists under 
him, nineteen were shortly either killed or 
wounded, and while he was applying to Gen. 
Hamilton for a supply of infantry to work his 
guns, his cap was shot through at the front. 



Explanatory Chapter. xliii 

Being referred to Gen. Phillips he obtained a 
reinforcement, with Capt. Jones to aid him ; but 
the captain soon fell mortally wounded into his 
arms, all the reinforcement were killed or 
wounded, and the Americans swept over the 
ground and captured the guns, — Lieut. Hadden 
narrowly escaping being taken a prisoner. Later 
in the day the guns were re-captured.* Capt. 
Jones, and Lieuts. Hadden and Reid, of this 
company, were handsomely mentioned in Gen. 
Phillips' official report of the artillery's share in 
the engagement.^ These details have, for the 
most part, been gathered from Lieut. Hadden's 
own narrative. 

Though the reason of his journal's terminating 
with the account of the battle of Freeman's 
Farm, is unknown to us, yet it is highly prob- 
able that the press of duties devolving upon him 
by the death of his captain, he being the ranking 
subaltern in the company, prevented its further 
continuance. Lieut. Hadden became a prisoner 
at the surrender at Saratoga, and his name is at- 
tached to the Cambridge Parole. When he was 
exchanged is unknown, except that it must have 
been before the the close of 1781, as his name is 
found in Gaine's Universal Register for 1782, 
page 113, in the Brigade of Artillery under Sir 
Henry Clinton. 

He became a ist lieutenant in the artillery 
July 7, 1779, and adjutant of the First Battalion 



xliv Explanatory Chapter, 

April 4, 1783, his successor having been ap- 
pointed March 15, 1793. He was promoted to 
be a captain-lieutenant, March 7, 1784, and a 
captain Aug. 15, 1793s his being No. 1 com- 
pany, 2d Battalion, now "7" Battery, 21st Brig- 
ade. The Royal Horse Artillery was formed 
in 1793, Troops A and B having been ordered in 
January of that year, and Troops C and D in 
the following November, and Capt. Hadden was 
appointed to Troop D.^ As the Horse Artillery 
was officered with great care, the selection of 
Capt. Hadden tor the command of a troop in it, 
speaks well for his merit. He was also during 
the year 1793, according to the Gtntlemaris 
Magazine\ selected by the Duke of Richmond, 
then Master-General of the Ordnance, as his sec- 
retary. He became a major in the army March 
I, 1794% and about this time, or a little later, he 
served on the home staff, as his successor as brig- 
ade major-general to the forces in the Southern 
District, under the command of Sir Charles 
Grey, was gazetted Sept. 10, 1796.^ He re- 
ceived the local rank of lieutenant-colonel in 
Portugal only, Nov. 30, 1796, and he became a 
lieutenant-colonel in the army, April 9, 1797. 
There seems to be some confusion in regard to 
the record of his appointments about this time. 
The last two dates are from the Army Lists, 
which are, of course, the highest authority. 
Kane, in his Artillery List, states. — " He was 



Explanatory Chapter. xlv 

brevetted Lieut. -Colonel 9 Apr. 1797, out of the 
regular course of succession, as Deputy Quarter 
Master General to the Forces ;" and the London 
Gazette, under date of Sept. 5, 1797, gives the 
promotion of ^* Major James Hadden, of the 
royal artillery, to be adjutant general to the army 
serving in Portugal, with the rank of Ueutenant- 
colonel in the army, vice Sir James St. Clair 
Erskine, resigned." He was certainly adjutant- 
general in Portugal, but exactly when, or for 
how long, is not perfectly clear. 

His subsequent promotions were as follows : — 
major in the artillery Aug. i, 1800 ; lieut-colonel 
therein, Oct. 14, 1801 ; colonel in the army 
Oct. 30, 1805; in the artillery June i, 1806; 
and major-general June 4, 1811. From June 
16, 1801, to Nov. 8, 1804, he served as secretary 
to the Miaster-General of the Ordnance ; and from 
July 5, 1804, to July 3, 18 10, as Surveyor-Gen- 
eral of the Ordnance.*' He died at Harpenden 
Oct. 28, 1817.^ He must have been an officer of 
great merit, or he would never have received the 
several staff appointments he held, at a time too, 
when Capt. Duncan tells us, " it was too often 
made a great favor on the part of the Master- 
General to allow officers" (of the Royal Artillery) 
" to be so employed." When he was appointed 
Surveyor- General of the Ordnance — the third offi- 
cer in rank in that important department — he 



xlvi 



Explanatory Chapter. 



was only a lieut. -colonel, and he succeeded a 
lieut. -general. 

Though sketches of those referred to in the 
Journal and Orders, will be given in foot notes, 
or the appendix, yet a brief comprehensive view of 
the personnel of Burgoyne's officers, indicating 
the character and composition of his army, may 
not be without interest. When it is considered 
that, even at the outset, Burgoyne's whole force, 
including the sick, did not exceed 8,000 men, 
only about half of whom were British regulars, 
it must be admitted that rarely has so brilliant an 
array of British officers been marshalled under 
one commander, as that which followed Burgoyne 
across Champlain, on his memorable expedition 
of 1777. Among them were several English 
and Scotch lords '\ four members of the House 
of Commons ^^, and upwards of thirty, not in- 



c. These were : — • 

I. Charles Stanhope, Viscount Peter- 
sham, who was a captain in the 29th 
Foot. He was only a titular Viscount, as 
his father was still living. Earls eldest 
sons bear a viscounty by courtesy, and, 
like the eldest sons of Dukes and 
Marquises, take one, or other, of the 
various secondary titles which their 
fathers enjoy ; and, in general, assume 
that which is next in degree to the 
highest, except in cases where the first 
and second, though of different degrees 
in the peerage, are identical in name.' 
Thus Charles Stanhope's father was 
Earl of Harrington, Viscount Petersham, 
and Baron Harrington ; and Charles, 
therefore, took by courtesy, the title of 
Viscount Petersham. 



2. Alexander Lindsay, Earl of Bal- 
carres, a Scotch peer, who was the 
major of the 53d Foot. 

3. James Sandilands, Lord Torpichen, 
a Scotch Baron, who was a second 
lieutenant in the 21st Foot, or Royal 
North British Fuzileers. 

4. Francis Napier, Lord Napier, a 
Scotch Baron, who was a lieutenant in 
the 31st Foot.^ ['C. Y. 202-206. 
^A. S : B. H.] 

d. These were : — 

1st. Lieut. -Gen. John Burgoyne, M.P. 
for Preston, in Lancaster. 

2d. Maj.-Gen. William Phillips, M.P. 
for Boroughbridge, in York. 

3d. Major John Dyke Acland, M.P. 
for Callington, in Cornwall. 



Explanatory Chapter, xlvii 

eluding the Germans, who subsequently became 
general officers.^ 



4th. Captain, the Viscount Petersham, 
MP. for Westminister, in Middlesex. 

As none of the Scotch Lords with 
Burgoyne were representative peers, in 
1777, they then, of course, had no seats 
in the House of Lords. Wilkinson 
is mistaken, in his Memoirs, when, in 
speaking of Sii Francis Carr Gierke, he 
says, "Sir Francis * * was, 1 think, 
a member of Parliament." Sir Francis 
never had a seat in Parliament, though 
there was a Sir Phillip Jennings Gierke 
in the House of Gonmons in 1777, as 
well as prior and subsequent thereto. 

The Rev. Dr. William Gordon in the 
second volume of his History of the 
American War, page 578, says, — 
'' Among the prisoners taken were six 
members of Parliament." As Gordon's 
History was published in 1788, many 
writers have since followed his state- 
ment. Gordon, however, it is believed, 
is in error, as there is a contemporaneous 
paper, to be found in the New 
Hampshire State Papers, vol. 8, page 



708, entitled, " Account of the British 
army under the command of Gen'l 
Burgoin, who was entirely defeated by 
our brave Americans," which is supposed 
to have been forwarded or presented by 
Col. Langdon to the New Hampshire 
authorities, the very first item of which 
is as follows, viz : — " General Burgoyne 
and staff, among which were four 
members of Parliament." 

The editor of this work, after a 
diligent search of various authorities, is 
unable to find more than the four 
M.P 's enumerated at the beginning of 
this note; though a number of Bur- 
goyne's officers were subsequently mem- 
bers. In 1777 there were several 
members, other than those above men- 
tioned, bearmg the names of some of 
Burgoyne's officers, but they were, never- 
theless, not those officers, if the notes to 
Beatson's Chronological Register are 
reliable authority, as they are believed to 
be. [A. N. 59, 60, 132, 150, 320.] 



e. The following list of officers on Burgoyne's campaign, who became general 
officers in the British army, gives the rank they held at the beginning of that cam- 
paign, and the date of their promotion as general officers in the higijest grade they 
attained. The regimental figures in all cases refer to regiments of foot, unless 
otherwise stated. 

Generals. 

Henry Watson Powell, Lt.-Col. 53d, and Brig. -General, Jan. I, 1801. 

James Hamilton, Lt.-Col. 21st, and Brig-General, April 29, 1802. 

Ear! of Balcarres, Major 53d, Sept. 25, 1803. 

Earl of Harrington 

[Lord Petersham], Capt. 29th, and A. D. C, Sept. 25, 1803. 

William Shirreff, Capt. 47th, Sept. 25, 1803. 

Gordon Forbes, Major 9th, Jan. I, 1812. 

Paulus j^milius Irving, Major 47th, Jan. i, 1 8 12. 

Ellis Walker, Capt. Royal Artillery, Jan. 1,1812. 

William Maxwell, Capt. 20th, Jan. I, 1812. 

James Henry Craig, Capt. 47th, Jan. I, 1812. 

Alexander Campbell, Capt. 62d, Jan. i, 1812. 
John Money, Capt. 9th, and Dep. Qj Master General, June 4, 18 14. 



xlviii Explanatory Chapter, 

Burgoyne himself was a polished gentleman of 
good family. He was connected with the aris- 
tocracy, having married a daughter of the 
eleventh Earl of Derby. He was an ambitious 
writer, and a popular dramatist. He was an 
effective speaker, and had taken an active part in 
the House of Commons, of which he was then a 
member. He was, withal, a gallant cavalry 
commander that had seen service, and, by a bold 
and successful dash in Portugal, had won much 



John A. Harris, Capt. 34th, 

Richard Rich Wilford, Lieut. 2d, and A. D. C, 



Charles Green, 
Thomas Blomefield, 
William Twiss, 
Quin John Freeman, 



John Burgoyne, 

Richard England, 
William Borthwick, 
Gonviile Bromhead, 
William Buchanan, 
Daniel O'Meara, 
William Doyle, 
Edward Howarth, 
Samuel Rimington, 



June 4, 1 8 14. 
June 4, 1 8 14. 
Aug. 12, 1819, 
Jan. 19, 1821. 
May 27, 1825. 
July 22, 1830. 



Capt. 31st, and A. D. C, 
Capt. -Lieut. Royal Artillery, 
Lieut, Royal Engineers, 
Ensign 24th, 

Lieutenant Generals. 

Col. I 6th Dragoons, Maj. Gen. in the army 

and Lieut. -Gen. in America, Aug. 29, 1777. 

Capt. 47th, Sept. 25, 1803. 

Capt. Royal Artillery, Jan. I, 1805. 

Lieut. 62d, June 4, 1813. 

Ensign 47th, June 4, 1814. 

Lieut. 20th, Aug. 12, 18 19. 

Lieut. 24th, Aug. 12, 1 8 19. 

2d Lieut. Royal Artillery, Aug. 12, 18 19. 

2d Lieut. Royal Artillery, July 19, 1821. 

Major Generals. 

William Phillips, Major Royal Artillery, Colonel in the army, 

and Maj. Gen. in America, Aug. 29, 1779. 

Mackay Hugh Baillie. Lieut. 20th, Jan I, 1798. 

John Barnes, ist Lieut. Royal Artillery, Oct. 25, 1809. 

John Keymis, Lieut. 9th, June 4, 1811. 

James M. Hadden, 2d Lieut. Royal Artillery, J"nc 4» 181 1. 

Robert Kingston, Capt. of Invalids, Maj. in the army, and 

Dep. Adj. Gen., June 4, 18 14. 

It is, by no means, improbable that some of Burgoyne's officers who attained the 

rank of major-general, or higher, have been omitted in the preceding lists. [B. H: 
A. T. 118 etpost: F. O.] 



Explanatory Chapter. 



xli 



IX 



prestige. Such a leader naturally attracted a 
brilliant staff. His adjutant-general was after- 
wards a major-general ; and his quarter-master 
general, Capt. John Money, and one of his aids, 
Lieut. Richard Rich Wilford/, subsequently be- 
came generals in the army, the latter likewise 
becoming an aid-de-camp to the king. His sec- 
retary, Capt. Sir Francis Carr Gierke, was a 
baronet who was esteemed one of the most 
promising young officers in the service, and who 
proved his heroism with his life, which he lost 
at the battle of Bemus' Heights. His super- 
numerary aid-de-camp, Capt. Charles Stan- 
hope, Viscount Petersham, afterwards the third 
Earl of Harrington, had, in his veins, " noble 
blood enough to have inoculated half the king- 



f. Richard Rich Wilford entered the 
British army Oct. 4, 1770, as an ensign 
in the 2,d, or Queen's Royal Regiment 
of Foot, which was then stationed at 
Gibraltar 5 and he was promoted to a 
lieutenancy Dec. 16, 1771. He ac- 
companied Burgoyne, as an aid de-camp, 
to America, in 1775, 1776 and 1777, 
returning with him to England, the first 
two years, to spend the winter. He served 
throughout Burgoyne's campaign ; shared 
in his surrender ; and signed the Cam- 
bridge parole. He was advanced to a 
captaincy in the 2d Foot March 26, 
1778 ; exchanged into the 9th Dragoons 
Aug. 20, 1782 ; and became major of 
the 3d Horse, or Carabineers, in Ireland, 
May 6, 1783 ; which latter regiment 
subsequently became the 6th Dragoon 
Guards. Oct. 31, 1789, he was pro- 
moted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the 
8th, or the King's Royal Irish Regiment 

g 



of Light Dragoons; and April a, 1794, 
he exchanged into the 3d, or Prince of 
Wales' Regiment of Dragoon Guards. 
He became a colonel in the army, and 
aid-de-camp to the king, Feb. 26, 1795 > 
and a brigadier in the West Indies only, 
on the 3d of the following September. 
He was commissioned colonel of the 
York Hussars, a newly raised regiment 
of light dragoons, July i, 1796, and he 
became a major-general Jan. i, 1798. 
His regiment was reduced in 1802, when 
he went upon half-pay, but returned to 
active service again April 2, 1804, as the 
colonel of the 25th (Light) Dragoons. 
He became a lieut. -general Jan. i, 
1805 ; the colonel of the 7th (or Princess 
Royal's) Regiment of Dragoon Guards, 
Nov. 20, 1813 ; a general June 4, 18 14; 
and he died in Dec, 1822. [B. H : 
A. T. 155: C. V. 367.] 



1 Explanatory Chapter. 

dom." He was a kinsman of the celebrated 
Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth Earl of Chester- 
field. Both his father and his grandfather had 
been generals in the army. His grandfather, 
the first Earl of Harrington, had likewise been 
Lord President of the Council, Secretary of State 
twice, Viceroy of Ireland, and had filled several 
important diplomatic positions. Through his 
mother, who was the eldest daughter of the 
second Duke of Grafton, he was directly de- 
scended from royalty, as his great grandfather, 
the first Duke of Grafton, was an illegitimate 
son of Charles H, by the Duchess of Cleveland. 
Though his lineage doubtless gained him many 
honors, he seems to have deserved them, and he 
became a general in the army, and the colonel of 
the First Regiment of Life Guards, besides 
holding with credit, many distinguished civil 
and military positions. 

Burgoyne's second in command. Major Gen- 
eral William Phillips, of the Royal Artillery, was 
likewise at this time a member of Parliament. 
As a soldier he had had much experience and 
had won high distinction in Germany. He ren- 
dered conspicuous service at the famous battle of 
Minden, in 1759, where he commanded the 
British artillery. At Warberg, the next year, he 
astounded every one by bringing up the artillery 
on a gallop at a critical moment, which then 
seemed, — so unwieldy was the movement of ar- 



Explanatory Chapter. li 

tillery in the field during the Seven Years War, — 
about as remarkable as transporting artillery in 
balloons would now appear. Gen. Phillips' staff 
was little less distinguished than that of his chief. 
His aid-de-camp, Capt. Charles Green'^ '°, and 
his chief engineer, Lieut. William Twiss, both 
became generals, the former likewise winning a 
baronetcy by his meritorious services. His 
major of brigade, Capt. Thomas Blomefield of 
the Royal Artillery, afterwards became a lieut.- 
general in tlie army, and, in 1807, commanded 
the artillery at the siege and capture ol Copen- 
hagen, for which he was thanked by both Houses 
of Parliament, and created a baronet. 

Burgoyne's Brigadiers were tried and ex- 
perienced soldiers. Simon Fraser, the lieut.- 
colonel of the 24th Foot, who commanded the 
Advance, or Light, Brigade, was an object of ad- 
miration to Burgoyne's whole army. At the 
battle of Bemus' Heights, on the 7th of October, 
so conspicuously efficient was he in inspiriting 
the British troops, that the Americans deemed his 
death necessary for victory, and he soon fell mor- 
tally wounded, the victim of one of Morgan's 
sharpshooters. Burgoyne said of the deceased 
general — " As a soldier I avow a pride in having 
possessed Brigadier Fraser's esteem. * * * 
Devoted to glory and prodigal of life, earnest for 
the general success of the campaign, and par- 
ticularly anxious for every plan adopted by the 



Hi Explanatory Chapter, 

man he loved, he grudged a danger or care in 
other hands than his own." James Hamilton, 
the lieut. -colonel of the 2ist, or Royal North 
British Fuzileers, who commanded the First 
Brigade, and John Watson Powell, the lieut. - 
colonel of the 53d, who commanded the Second 
Brigade, had both been soldiers for more than 
twenty years, and both afterwards became gen- 
erals in the army. As the latter was posted at 
Ticonderoga at the time of Burgoyne's surrender, 
he escaped the fate of his chief. 

The Earl ot Balcarres, who commanded the 
light infantry companies in Eraser's Brigade, suc- 
ceeded to the command of that brigade, and also 
to the dead Eraser's regimental rank. He like- 
wise became a distinguished soldier, attained the 
rank of general in the army, and for thirty years 
had a seat in the House of Lords as one of the 
representative peers of Scotland. 

Major John Dyke Acland, a member of Par- 
liament, who commanded the grenadiers in the 
Light Brigade, was the eldest son of a baronet 
who traced his lineage back, it is said, to the 
middle of the twelfth century. His wife, the 
third daughter of the first Earl of Ilchester, and 
one of the most romantic figures in our Revolu- 
tionary struggle, accompanied him on his cam- 
paign. The grenadiers were well commanded 
for desperate fighting, and their valor is illus- 



Explanatory Chapter. 



liii 



trated by a sentence from Wilkinson, who was 
an eye witness, and who, in writing of the battle 
of Bemus' Heights, says — ** In the square space 
of twelve or fifteen yards lay eighteen grenadiers 
in the agonies of death, and three officers propped 
up against stumps of trees, two of them mortally 
wounded, bleeding, and almost speechless," One 
of these officers was Major Acland, who was 
twice wounded on Burgoyne's campaign, and 
who, on being paroled the following winter, 
returned to England, with a shattered constitution, 
to linger for a few months, for he died before 
the close of 1778, and thus prematurely closed 
what, had life been prolonged, could hardly have 
failed to have been a brilliant career.^/ 



g. The family of Acland is of great 
antiquity. Major John Dyke Acland 
was the eldest son of Sir Thomas Acland, 
Bart., by his wife, Elizabeth, only daughter 
and heir of Thomas Dyke, Esq., of 
Tetton, in Somersetshire.' He was born 
February zi, 1747,^ and entered the 
British army as an ensign in the 33d 
Foot, March 23, 1774. He purchased 
speedy promotion, for, being allowed to 
jump the grade of lieutenant, he was ad- 
vanced to a captaincy in the 33d, March 
23d, 1775, ^"'^ ^° the majority of the 
20th Foot, on the i6th of the following 
December. 3 In I77i> he married 
Christian Harriet Caroline Fox Strang- 
ways, third daughter of the first Earl of 
Ilchesterj the Earl, whose family surname 
was Fox, having, in pursuance of a deed 
of settlement on his marriage with the 
heiress of the Strangways, assumed their 
name and arms.' 

Major Acland accompanied his regi- 
ment to Canada in the spring of 1776, 



where Sir Guy Carleton, on the 6th of 
June, appointed him to command the 
grenadiers."* He served that year in 
Canada, and participated in Burgoyne's 
campaign the following year. Com- 
manding the grenadiers he was ever in 
the advance, and was wounded at the 
battle of Hubbardton, having been shot 
in the thighs j and, again, at Bemus' 
Heights, where he was shot through the 
thick part of both legs, and taken pris- 
oner.*- 7 

Lady Harriet Acland, who was born 
January 3d, 1750, accompanied her 
husband to America; and many interest- 
ing details about the major and his wife 
are to be found in the State of the Ex- 
pedition, Wilkinson's Memoirs, Lamb's 
Journal of the American War, Mrs. 
General Riedesei's Journal and Letters, 
and in two very entertaining articles en- 
titled respectively, " Lady and Major 
Acland," in the Magazine of American 
History for January, 1880, and "Lady 



IV 



Explanatory Chapter. 



Capt. Alexander Fraser, a nephew of Brigadier 
General Fraser, commanded the British sharp- 
shooters, which Burgoyne denominates *' the 
select light corps of the army, composed of 
chosen men from all the regiments, and com- 
manded by Captain Fraser, one of the most dis- 
tinguished officers in his line of service that ever 
I met with." 



Harriet Achnd," in Lippincott's Mag- 
azine for Oct., 1879, both from the pen 
of Mr. William L. Stone. Lady Harriet 
had a brother, the Hon. Stephen Digby 
Strangways, who was a captain in the 
24th, and was wounded October 7, 1777, 
in the same action in which her husband 
was wounded.^ 

Gen. Gates thus wrote to Gen. Put- 
nam, as appears by a draft of a letter 
found among the Gates Papers:— 

■' Albany, 23d Decern: 1777. 
■' Dear Sir : I have Granted a pass 
to Major Ackland, and His Lady The 
Honourable Lady Harriet Ackland, with 
their servants to go into New York, 
convinced it will be for the Interest of 
the United States that they should be 
permitted to go there in their way to 
England, with all convenient Expedition. 
The Major, who in the strictest sense of 
that Character, is a Man of Honour, has 
promised me to use his utmost endeavours 
to procure the Enlargement of Col. 
Ethan Allen, in return for the Indul- 
gence I now grant Him, and his Family. 
The particular situation of the Honour- 
able Lady Ackland, makes the Major 
the more desirous of immediately geting 
into New York as soon as possible. 
That Favour to Her Ladyship at this 
Critical Juncture will the more enhance 
the Obligation, and be the strongest in- 
ducement to The Major to exert all his 
Interest to procure the release of Col. 



Allen and his restoration to his afflicted 
Family. I beg you will not suffer the 
Major to be delayed as I shall directly 
upon my Arrival at Yorktown, transmit 
you their Approbation of His being al- 
lowed to pass thither. 

" I am Sir, &c., 

" H. G." 

The major, on being released, at once 
proceeded to New York with his wife, 
where a son was born early the next 
year', and whence they returned to Eng- 
land. Major Acland represented Cal- 
iington. County of Cornwall, in Parlia- 
ment, at the time of his death, having 
been elected to the 14th Parliament, 
which commenced its first session Nov. 
29th, 1774'° J and his parliamentary 
speeches in 1775, show that he held 
pronounced tory views in regard to the 
American war. He died at Pixton, in 
Somersetshire, Nov. 22d, 1778." So 
many contradictory statements have been 
made in regard to his death, that a con- 
temporaneous account, taken from the 
London Chronicle of Dec 5—8, 1 778, 
and seeming to bear the impress of au- 
thenticity, is here inserted in full, and is 
as follows ; — 

"Saturday last, the 29th ult., were 
interred in the family vault at Broadclift 
in Devon, amidst the tears of a grateful 
country, the beloved and respected remains 
of John Dyke Acland, Esq., colonel of 
the first regiment of Devonshire militia 



Explanatory Chapter, 



Iv 



Capt. James Henry Craig, of the 47th, one of 
the officers entrusted with making arrangements 
for the surrender at Saratoga, who was wounded 
both at Bunker Hill, and at Hubbardton, after- 
wards became a lieut.-general in the army, Gov- 
ernor of the Cape of Good Hope, and Governor 
General of Canada, and received the order of the 
Bath." 



and Major of the 20th regiment of foot. 
Such untrue accountj have been circu- 
lated of an afFiir that happened with a 
Mr. Lloyd previous to Col. Ackhnd's 
last fatal illness, that it becomes nec- 
essary to assure the Public the dispute 
did not originate from a private quarrel 
or misunderstanding. Mr. Lloyd was 
not of Col. Ackland's acquaintance, and 
absolute necessity could only reconcile 
such a measure to the Colonel's excellent 
understanding. Mr. Lloyd called on 
him, as Colonel of the ist regiment of 
Devonshire militia, to answer for the 
corps declining his company at the public 
mess before, as well as after, the Colonel's 
return from America, which he consid- 
ered as the occasion of the universal 
neglect he experienced. In consequence 
of a demand so extraordinary, the Colonel 
received the fire of a pistol from Mr. 
Lloyd, and snapped both his pistols in 
return. A friend of Mr. Lloyd's then 
interposed, and Mr. Lloyd acknowledging 
he had no personal cause of complaint, 
and was sorry for what had happened, 
the affair thus ended. Col. Ackland re- 
turned home by the usual time of break- 
fast, and was amusing himself in 
directing some improvements about his 
place, to all appearance as well as for 
some days before, when he was seized 
so suddenly, that, though standing be- 
tween his particular friends, they could 
not prevent his receiving injury from a 
fall. After this seizure there remained 



little hope, though he continued till 
the fourth day. The exertions of hit 
active mind and the severity of two 
American campaigns had entirely ex- 
hausted a good constitution, and his 
family, country, and fiends, are left to 
lament a loss that must forever be de- 
plored." 

.Major Acland left two children, named 
respectively, John, and Elizabeth Kitty. 
John succeeded his grandfather as eighth 
baronet, in 1785, but dying the same year 
without issue, the baronetcy and a portion 
of the estates reverted to his uncle 
Thomas, whose grandson is the present, 
or eleventh baronet. The daughter, 
Elizabeth Kitty, received a portion of the 
family estates at her brother's death ; and 
on the 26th of April, 1796, she married 
Henry George, second Earl of Carnar- 
von. She died the 5th of March, 1831, 
leaving two sons and three daughters ; 
and one of her grandsons is the fourth or 
present earl.' 

Lady Harriet Acland died July 21, 
18 1 5, after thirty-seven years of widow- 
hood, for she never married again. 
Wilkinson, in his Memoirs, vol. I, p. 377, 
and Fonblanque, in his biography of 
Burgoyne, page 302, state that Lady 
Harriet married Chaplain Brudenel, who 
accompanied her on her night adventure 
to join her wounded husband after the 
battle of Bemus' Heights ; and the for- 
mer also says that she became insane 
after Major Acland's death. Mr. W. 



Ivi Explanatory Chapter, 

The British artillery with Burgoyne was com- 
manded by Major Griffith Williams, who attained 
the rank of colonel in the Royal Regt. of Ar- 
tillery, and who commanded the artillery at 
Gibraltar during the latter part of its great siege. 
Of some twenty-two officers of the Royal Ar- 
tillery with Burgoyne, six became general officers. 
One of them, afterwards Sir Edward Howarth, 
commanded the artillery at the battles of Tala- 
vera, Busaco, and Fuentes d'Onor, on the Penin- 
sula under the Duke of Wellington, for which 
he was rewarded with a medal with two clasps, 
and made a Knight Commander of the Bath. 

The Germans with Burgoyne under the veteran 
Riedesel, had many experienced officers, like Gall, 
and Specht, and Baum, and Breymann. Rather 
than surrender, Baum fought infantry with the 
sabres of his dismounted dragoons at Bennington, 

L. Stone, however, has effectually ex- founded Tory.'*- The Baroness Riede- 
ploded both these fictions, in the arti- sel's '* reflection upun his intemperate 
cles already alluded to. Gen. Gates, habits, must, probably, be taken with con- 
in writing to his wife, said of Lady siderable allowance; for, otherwise, he 
Harriet — "She is the most amiable, de- could not have won, and, certainly, could 
licate piece of quality you ever beheld " ; '^ not have retained the favor and position he 
and a writer in the Gentleman'' s Maga-zine seems to have achieved. His gallantry, 
says, — " the person of her Ladyship was with his ancient lineage and powerful 
highly polished and delicate, and her connections, would doubtless have rapidly 
manners elegantly feminine. "'3 pushed him onward and upward, had his 
Major Acland was, undoubtedly, one life been longer spared. ['B. R. *D. 
of the bravest of the many distinguished S. 102. 3B. H. ■♦?. E. 8. 50. 332. 
officers that accompanied Burgoyne j and *B. N. 127. tM. T. 269. '*C. X: 
the fact that he was twice wounded in a G. V. 176. 9H. L 294. '°A. N. 59, 
single campaign, shows the imminence of 60. "D. V. 551. '^F. W. 9. '3E. 
his danger. Gen. Gates spoke of him, as L. 186. '^K. L.120.] 
" a learned sensible man though a con- 



Explanatory Chapter, Ivii 

till mortally wounded.^ Breyrnann redeemed his 
reputation, sullied by his failure to relieve Baum, 
by the valor with which he defended his redoubt 
at Bemus' Heights, and which was only cap- 
tured after his fall, by the fiery Arnold, who was 
wounded in the assault. 

Though the Provincials and Canadians with 
Burgoyne, like the volunteers in our late civil 
war, receive but slender praise from the regulars, 
yet there were some able officers among them, 
Hke the brothers Jessup, Lieut. -Colonel John 
Peters, and Capt. Justin Sherwood. The latter 
was a man of culture and commanded a company 
in Peters' Corps ; and, in the words of Burgoyne, 
" was forward in every service of danger to the 
end of the campaign." Subsequently he was one 
of the instrumentalities Gen. Haldimand, the 
British Governor of Canada, used in his attempt 
to seduce Ethan Allen and many of the leading 
men of the Hampshire Grants from their allegi- 
ance to the American cause. 

** The Canadians," Burgoyne tells us, "were 
officered by gentlemen of great condition in 
their country." M. de Lanaudiere, a Canadian 

h. Riedesel, in writing of Baum and this way he endeavoured to cut his way 

the regiment of dragoons at the battle of through the third time ;" and Max Von 

Bennington, says—" Twice he cut his Eelking adds, " but bravery was now in 

way through the enemy. None of the vain, and the heroic leader, himself 

dragoons having another shot, he ordered severely wounded, was forced to surrender 

them to sling their guns over their with his dragoons." [K. M. 131, ZS'-I 
ihoulders and draw their swords. In 



Iviii Explanatory Chapter, 

officer, had been Sir Guy Carleton's aid-de-camp 
a year and a half before. He had accompanied 
Sir Guy on his night escape from Montreal to 
Quebec, who had thus avoided capture by 
Montgomery, — an escape that doubtless prevented 
the Americans from effecting the conquest of 
Canada. 

Burgoyne's Indians, from whom so much was 
anticipated and so little realized, were under La 
Corne St. Luc, in Burgoyne's words, "a Canadian 
gentleman of honour and parts, and one of the 
best partizans the French had last war." He 
had been present at Baron Dieskau's defeat in 
1755 ; and in the French expedition against 
Fort William Henry, in 1757, he had command 
of the Indians of the Left Column, and had 
witnessed the massacre of the garrison, after its 
surrender. He was with Montcalm on the 
Plains of Abraham when defeated by Wolfe ; 
and, for years under the French regime, he had 
been Superintendent of the Indians in Canada. 
The second in command of Burgoyne's Indians 
was Charles de Langlade, a Canadian officer who 
had projected and achieved the defeat of Gen. 
Braddock with some of the very nations that 
served under Burgoyne.* 

/. Lei Canadiens dtp Quest, far yoseph Mrs. Sarah Fairchild Dean, is to be 

Tasse, vol. i, p. 73 [2 vols. Montreal, found in vol. vii of the Wisconsin 

1878], contains a memoir of Charles Historical Society's Collections, at page 

de Langlade, a translation of which, by 123. 



Explanatory Chapter. lix 

The strength of Burgoyne's army when it 
crossed Champlain, as authenticated by its adju- 
tant-general, was as follows : '^ — 



T^otal Rank and File i st of July, i 'jj'j. 
\Stck include d.\ 

British 

9th regiment 542 

20th *- 528 

2ist " 538 

24th " 528 

47th " 524 

53d " 537 

62d " 541 

Grenadiers and light infantry companies 

from 29th, 31st and 34th regiments 329 



Left in Canada out of the above 


4.067 
343 


British Total 

Germans, ist July 37^7 
Left in Canada 7^1 


3724 


For the campaign, Germans 


3.016 


Regular troops, total 


6.740 



Ix Explanatory Chapter. 

Garrison left out of the above at 

Ticonderoga. 
British rank and file 4^^ 

German rank and file 44^ 9^° 



To force a passage to Albany 5-^3° 

ist July, British artillery 257 

German artillery *o° 

Bat men, servants, &c in the above. 
Recruits under Lieut. Nutt ^54 

Canadians H^ 

Indians never more than 500 

Before Septemb. fell off to 90 

Provincials at most 682 

ist October, no more than 456 

In September the additional companies 

jc>ined near Fort Miller, in all 300 

The British troops with Burgoyne, therefore, 
consisted of seven regimental organizations, the 
light companies of three others, and a detach- 
ment of 154 recruits under Lieut. Nutt of the 
33d. The British artillery, though only equal 
to about two and a half companies, comprised 
enlisted men from both the Royal, and the 
Irish Artillery, but all the officers belonged to 
the former. The artillery officers were largely 
in excess of the complement of enlisted men 
with them, so that Lieut. Nutt's whole detach- 



Explanatory Chapter, Ixi 

ment was detailed to serve as artillerists. Not- 
withstanding Burgoyne had seven regimental 
organizations, it is doubtful if he had a single 
whole regiment, as fifty men from each of six of 
his regiments were ordered to remain in Canada 
for its defence, and as the adjutant-general's 
report shows that the number actually left 
behind, was 343, it is probable that a detachment 
was likewise left from the 24th, although Lord 
Germaine's order in regard to leaving detach- 
ments in Canada, did not apply to the 24th. 
With the present ideas of military organization, 
it seems a little difficult to understand why the 
battalion companies, or as many as were re- 
quired, of a single regiment, were not taken for 
this purpose, instead of a detachment being 
broken ofF from each regimental organization. 
The same fragmentary, or disintegrating process 
was also followed with regard to the Germans, 
for the same purpose./ 

The regiments themselves, however, were of 
the highest character. The organization of most 

j. Maj. Gen. Riedesel gives U9 a clue the different regiments composed of those 

to the reason of detachments drawn from recruits and invalids that are too young 

each regiment being used for garrison or feeble to stand the hardships of a 

duty. The Regiment of Prince Frederick campaign."' It is possible that this 

was reputed to be the best of all the reason had its weight at the beginning of 

German regiments, and Gen. Riedesel the next campaign. It speaks poorly for 

wrote to Gen. Carleton from La Prairie, the health and morale of the Germans, 

under date of September 31, 1776, as and as tne young, sick and feeble were 

follows: — " I wish your excellency would not alone detached, but a given number 

kindly allow Prince Frederick's regiment from each regiment, the generals sugges- 

to rejoin the army. Its place in the tion could have been but a portion of the 

garrison at (Quebec could be quickly reason for detaching from each organiza- 

replaced by drawing detachments from tion. ['K. M. 62.] 



Ixii 



Explanatory Chapter. 



ot them reached back to the beginning ot the 
century, and three of them extended into a prior 
one; while the two youngest of" all were more than 
twenty years old. The records of some oi these 
recjiments were full of srlory ; so that traditional 
association united with military discipline to 
eleyate the morale of their members and to incite 
them to enthusiastic emulation. The record of 
Burgoyne's oldest regiment, the 21st, or Royal 
North British Fuzileers, will serye as an illustra- 
tion.'^" It was raised in Scotland, in 167S, during 
the reign of Charles II, and was tirst called into 
action, the following year, at Bothwell Bridge. 
In i6S^, it assisted in defeating the Duke of 
Monmouth's army in Deyonshire, when that 
nobleman attempted to usurp the British throne. 



k. Numciicil titles oi British regi- 
ments were not generally used until the 
reign of King Gecrge II.* The nuir.er- 
icil designarion of a British regiment 
docs not. in all cases, indicate its com- 
parative age, though it dews so in regard 
to the lirst six regiments of tbot. The 
numerical designations of regiments were 
first determined by a board of otEctrs 
assembled by order of King ^Villiam III, 
in 1694. This board further recom- 
mended that all regiments, raised in 
future, should take rank from the date 
upon which they were placed on tne 
English establishment. This recommen- 
dation wus confirmed in i- 13-15, 175 1. 
»nd 176s. The regiments raised pre- 
Tioui to the reign oi Queen Anne, were 
thus cumbered from I to 27. Those 
raised during Queen .Anne's reign were 
numbered irom iS, upwards, AU junior 
to the present 39th. were reduced ia 
1712-13. The number of regiments 



was substantially increased in l"40 j bat 
in 174S-49 ail junior to the present 4.9th, 
were reduced. In i~55 another large 
addition to the army was made, both by 
forming new regiments, and by joining 
additicnal battalions to the old organlza- 
ticns. In 175S the new battalions were 
derached from the old, and were re- 
numbered as separate regiments, and the 
other recently formed regiments were 
then likewise renumbered ; but at the 
p«ace of 1~65, a reduction took place as 
far as the 7Cth. During oar Revolu- 
tionary War and the war between Great 
Britain, France and Spain, growing out of 
our straggle, the British army was again 
largely increased. At the peace of 1783 
it was proposed to reduce the number of 
Line Regiments to 64, but the redaction 
was not carried bevond the present 73d.* 
['G. E- p. 7, »B. H: L. X. 238, 
a pott. "^ 



Explanatory Chapter, Ixiii 

It took part in the battle of Killikranky, in 1 689 ; 
and the next year it embarked for Flanders and 
had a share in many memorable victories where 
Kincr William commanded in person. At the 
conclusion of the treaty of Ryswick, in 1697, it 
returned to Great Britain; but, in 1702, it again 
embarked for the continent, where, under the 
great Duke of Marlborough, it shared in most of 
the actions of the war, particularly at Blenheim, 
in 1 704, where its colonel was killed ; at Ramillies, 
in 1706; at Oudenarde, in 1708; and at Mal- 
plaquet, in 1709, where it again lost its colonel. 
After the peace of Utrecht it returned to Scotland 
and participated in the battle of Sheriffmuir, 
which put an end to the rebellion of 1715. For 
several years it remained in Scotland, and for a 
brief period in England ; but it again embarked 
for Flanders in 1741. It was in the front line 
at Dettingen, in 1743, and it was at Fontenoy, in 
1745, where it suffered so severely that it brought 
but two officers off the field. The regiment be- 
ing much depleted, was sent first to Bruges, and 
then to Ostend, at which latter place it was cap- 
tured by the French. Its next service was to 
aid in quelling the rebellion of 1745, at the battle 
of Culloden. In 1746 it embarked once more 
for Flanders, and it was present at the battle of 
Val, in 1746, and in that of Lafeldt, in 1747. 
The peace of Aix la Chapelle brought it back to 
Great Britain, but, in 1749, it went to Gibraltar, 



Ixiv Explanatory Chapter, 

where it spent upwards of eight years. In 1761 
it participated in the capture of Belleisle, on the 
coast of Fra^nce, and then proceeded to the 
Mobile, remaining in America till 1772. Early 
in the spring of 1776 it again started for Amer- 
ica, with the troops intended to relieve Gen. 
Carleton at Quebec. It assisted in driving the 
Americans from Canada, and, in 1777, shared ^^ 
fortunes of Burgoyne. This concluded its service 
during the American Revolution, as it was not 
exchanged till 1781. Its subsequent services 
concern us but little. Though inscribing upon 
the regimental flag the names of victories in 
which a regiment has shared, is of comparatively 
recent date, yet the colors of the 21st now bear 
upon them, the Thistle, with the Circle of St. 
Andrew, and the legend " Nemo ?ne impune (aces- 
sit,'' together with the King's Cypher and 
Crown, and the names — *■ Bladensburg," *' Al- 
ma," "Inkerman," '* Sevastopol."" 

Many of the other regiments had rendered 
services little less brilliant. The 20th had 
opened its career at the battle of the Boyne, and 
had been at Fontenoy, and Culloden, and upon 
the expeditions against St. Maloes, and Rochfort. 
In 1758 it went to Germany and served through 
the Seven Years War. During that memorable 
period it was at Minden, Warberg, Campen, and 
the surprise of Zierenberg. At Minden alone 



Explanatory Chapter, 



XV 



its casualties comprised 17 officers and 304 en- 
listed men. This corps owed not a little to Maj.- 
Gen. Wolfe, who, as captain, major and lieuten- 
ant-colonel, did much to make it a model 
regiment, and who was appointed colonel of the 
2d Battalion in 1758, which was then renum- 
bered as the 67th. '"^ 

The records of the other British regiments 
with Burgoyne, were likewise conspicuous for 
gallantry. ^ All these regiments, with the ex- 



/. Though no extended record of 
Burgoyne's regiments can be given, for 
lack of space, yet a few words in regard 
to each, may not be without interest. 

The 9th Foot was raised June 12, 
1685. It now bears on its colors the 
figure of Britannia, with the words 
" Roleia " " Vimiera " " Corunna " 
" Busaco " " Salamanca " " Victoria " 
"St. Sebastian" '■ Nive " 'i Peninsula " 
" Cabool 1842" " Moodkee " " Feroz- 
eshah " " Sobraon" and "Sevastopol."''" 

The 20th Foot was raised Nov. 20, 

1688, shortly after the landing of King 
Willi.im at Torbay. Its colors are now 
inscribed with "Minden" ♦' Egmont- 
op Zee " " Egypt " [with the Sphynx] 
" Maida " " Vimiera " " Corunna " 
" Vittoria " "Pyrenees" ''Orthes" 
"Toulouse" "Peninsula" "Alma" 
" Inkerman " " Sevastopol " " Luck- 
now." '-3 

The 24th Foot was raised March 18, 

1689, and its colors now bear the words 
"Egypt" [with the Sphynx] " Cape of 
Good Hope" "Talavera" " Fuentes 
d'Onor " " Salamanca " " Vittoria " 
"Pyrenees" " Nivelie " "Orthes" 
"Peninsula" " Punjaub " " Chillian- 
wsUah " and " Goojerat."' 

The 29th Foot was organized Feb- 
ruary 12, 1702.' It was in Boston at 

i 



the time of the " Boston Massacre," in 
1770, in which it was discreditably con- 
spicuous.* Its colors now have inscribed 
upon them " Roleia " " Vimiera " " Tal- 
avera " " Albuhera " "Peninsula" 
" Ferozeshah" "Sobraon" " Chillian- 
wallah " and "Goojerat."' 

The 31st Foot was embodied Feb- 
ruary 12, 1702. This regiment, with its 
women and children, was on the ill- 
fated " Kent," East Indiaman, at the 
time of its famous double disaster by wreck 
and by fire, in 1825, when its officers, by 
their heroic conduct, gained more credit 
than they could have done in many bat- 
tles. It now bears on its colors the 
words " Talavera " " Albuhera " " Vit- 
toria " " Pyrenees " " Nivelie " " Nive " 
" Orthes " '' Peninsul a " " Cabool 1 842 " 
" Moodkee " " Ferozeshah " " Aliwal " 
"Sobraon" "Sevastopol" and " Taku 
Forts. "'-5 

The 33d Foot, likewise, dates from 
February 12,1702. It served actively 
and suffered severly in our Revolutionary 
War. Among the battles in which it 
participated in that struggle, were Long 
Island, Brandywine, Germantown, Cam- 
den, and Guildford Court House j and 
it was finally captured under Cornwallis, 
at Yorktown, in 1781. The Duke of 
Wellington saw much service in this reg. 



Ixvi 



Explanatory Chapter. 



ception of the 47th, embarked at Great Britain 
for Quebec, in the spring of 1776. The 29th 
was the first to sail. It embarked at Chatham 
in February, the grenadiers on board the Isis, 
man of war of 50 guns, and the remainder of the 
companies on the Surprise and Triton frigates, 
the Marten, sloop of war, and two large navy 
transports named the Lord Howe, and Bute ; 
which fleet, with the victuallers British Queen, 
Agnes, and Beaver, sailed for Quebec from Ports- 
mouth, March 7th, and Portland, March nth, 
though it did not finally get clear of the 
British coast till several days later. The Isis, 



iment, became its colonel, and gave it his 
name.'"^ Its colors bear the Duke's 
crest and motto, and the following 
names of battles : " Seringapatim " 
"Waterloo" '-Alma" "Inkerman" 
"Sevastopol " and '•Abyssinia." 

The 34th Foot was another of the 
numerous regiments organized February 
12, 1702. Its flag bears a laurel wreath, 
and the words " Albuhera " " Arroyo dos 
Molinos " " Vittoria " "Pyrenees" 
"Nivelle" "Nive" " Orthes "" Pen- 
insula" "Sevastopol" and "Lucknow."'-? 

The 47th Foot was raised January 15, 
1741, and was originally numbered as 
the 58th, but was renumbered in 1758. 
In the rebellion of 1745 it was at Edin- 
burgh, and the bulk of it was captured by 
the Pretender's army. It took part in 
the expedition against Louisbourg, and 
was with Wolfe on the Heights of Abra- 
ham. Col. Barre, the adjutant-gen- 
eral of Wolfe's army, in a speech in the 
House of Commons, Oct. 26, 1775, 
(peaks of it as " the very corps that broke 
the whole French column and threw 
them into such disorder at the siege of 
Quebeck."" Its colors are inscribed with 



" Tarifa " " Vittoria " " St. Sebastian " 
" Peninsula " " Ava " " Alma " " Inker- 
man " and " Sevastopol."'"® 

The 53d Foot dates from December 
21, 1755, when it was designated as the 
55th, its present number having been as- 
signed it in 1758. Its colors bear the 
words" Nieuport " " Tournay " ''St. 
Lucia" "Talavera" "Salamanca" 
"Vittoria" "Pyrenees" '-Nivelle" 
"Toulouse" ''Peninsula" "Aliwal" 
■'Sobraon " " Punjaub " " Goojerat " 
and " Lucknow." The 53d did not 
leave Canada, to return home, until 
July 31st, 1789, after more than thirteen 
years continuous service in North Amer- 
ica '9 

The 62d Foot was raised as the Second 
Battalion of the 4th, or King's Own, in 
1755, but was detached from it and 
numbered as a distinct regiment April 
21, 1758. Its colors are inscribed with 
" Nive " " Peninsula " " Ferozeshah " 
"Sobraon" and "Sevastopol."' [»B. 
H. ==0. C. 3G. D. •♦A. I. 334-340. 
5G. F. «L. Z. \()\ctpoit. 7G. G. 8L. 
y. 20-26: D. T. 170, 384 et post, 
499: H. 40. »G. I : J. W.] 



Rxpla?7atory Chapter. Ixvii 

Surprise, and Marten, arrived at Quebec, May 6th, 
and the Triton with the transports and victuallers. 
May loth.'^ The 21st Foot embarked on board 
six transports at Plymouth, March 31st, prepara- 
tory to joining the German troops when they 
should pass by. ' The first division of Bruns- 
wickers under Gen. Riedesel embarked at 
Staade, on the Elbe, March 13th — 1 8th, and 
sailed the r9th for England, arriving at Spithead 
on the 28th, but the Hanau regiment did not 
arrive till the 31st. The fleet sailed from Ply- 
mouth, according to Lord George Germaine, 
April 7th, but according to Gen. Riedesel, two 
or three days earlier, and consisted of thirty-six 
vessels. The frigate Juno, Capt. Dalrymple, 
took the lead and formed the advance ; then 
came sixteen ships having the Brunswickers on 
board ; four with the Hanau regiment ; six with 
four companies of the Royal Artillery, with their 
train on two transports; and six with the 21st 
Regiment. The Blonde, of 36 guns, com- 
manded by Capt. Pownell, and having Gen. 
Burgoyne, Gen. Phillips and other officers 
aboard, brought up the rear. The date of the 
fleet's arrival at Quebec was June ist. The 9th, 
20th, 24th, 31st, :54th, 53d and 62d regiments, 
under Lieut.-Col. Eraser of the 24th, completed 
their embarkation at Cork on April 5th, sailed 
on the 8th, and arrived at Quebec, May 29th. '^ 
The transports with the second division of 



Ixviii Explanatory Chapter, 

Brunswick troops and the Hanau artillery, under 
convoy of his Majesty's ships Amazon and Gar- 
land, sailed from St. Helen's June 26th. The 
vessels became separated, and the Hanau artil- 
lery reached Quebec July 29th ; but it was Sept. 
17th. before the Brunswickers arrived.'^ 

The 47th regiment embarked for America in 
1773. At the opening of the Revolutionary 
War it was stationed at Boston, and it partici- 
pated in the battle of Bunker Hill, and its light 
companies in the battle of Lexington. Upon 
the evacuation of Boston in March. 1776, 
it accompanied Sir William Howe's troops 
to Halifax, whence it was dispatched on the 
20th of the next month, in three transports 
under convoy of the Niger frigate, to aid its 
colonel. Sir Guy Carleton, at Quebec, where it 
arrived May 8th. '^ As this regiment was de- 
tached from his army by Sir William Howe 
without orders from the War Office, he was 
ordered on the iith of June, 1776, to have it 
returned to him, but not without commendation 
for his zeal for the service in forwarding it to 
Carleton's assistance. Ten days later, however, 
that order was countermanded, and Carleton was 
directed to retain it ; the Waldeck regiment, 
which had originally been intended for Canada, 
being sent to Howe instead.'^ 

The 33d regiment, of which Lord Cornwallis 
was colonel, was intended to have been ulti- 



Explanatory Chapter, Ixix 

mately sent to Canada, as Lord George Ger- 
maine wrote to Gen. Carleton under date of 
Feb. 17, 1776, as follows : — " That embarcation 
will consist of six Regiments from Ireland, and 
two from Great Britain, together with four 
companies of Artillery, and a large battering 
train ; the whole to be under the command of 
Major General Burgoyne, who, together with 
Major General Lord Cornwallis, is appointed by 
the King to serve under you on the side of 
Canada ; but it will possibly be sometime before 
you can have the assistance of Lord Cornwallis, 
as he is at present appointed to serve under 
Major General Clinton, upon an expedition to 
the southward, but he will proceed to Quebeck 
with his regiment as soon as that service is 
over."'° The 33d, with several other regiments, 
embarked on transports at Cork, Dec. 29th — 
Jan. 1st, 1775-6, expecting to proceed at once 
to America in Sir Peter Parker's expedition 
against Charleston, S. C. Owing to protracted 
delays, however, the fleet did not leave Cork till 
Feb. loth, and it was May 3d before it arrived 
off Cape Fear. It will be remembered that Sir 
Peter Parker's attack on Fort Moultrie, in Char- 
leston harbor, was repulsed ; and after a few 
weeks, the expedition was abandoned, the fleet 
sailing for New York.*' The intention of send- 
ing Cornwallis and his regiment to Canada was 
given up, and it is presumed that the recruits 



Ixx Explanatory Chapter. 

under Lieut. Nutt, for the 33d, were sent to 
Quebec before the design of ultimately sending 
that regiment there, had been abandoned; but 
the time of sailing or arrival of Lieut. Nutt's 
detachment has not been ascertained. These 
recruits, according to Hadden, were detailed for 
service in the Artillery. 

The strength of each infantry company was 
between fifty and sixty enlisted men ; and ten 
companies constituted a regiment. The right 
flank company was composed of grenadiers, and 
the left flank company of light infantry. The 
remaining eight companies composed the bat- 
talion proper, and were called battalion com- 
panies." But though this was the ordinary 
peace establishment, yet, early in 1776, an order 
was issued from the War Office that the 
marching regiments for the American ser- 
vice were to consist of twelve companies of three 
sergeants, three corporals, two drummers, and 
fifty-six effective rank and file each, besides com- 
missioned officers.^' Sergeant Lamb of the 9th, 
and afterwards of the 23d Foot, says that two 
companies of each battalion were to remain in 
Great Britain for the purpose of recruiting.^"* In 
Burgoyne's adjutant general's report, it is stated 
that " in Sept. the additional companies joined 
near Fort Miller, in all 300."^^ This must mean 
one company per regiment, which would make 



Explanatory Chapter. Ixxi 

about the number, for there were six regimental 
organizations with Burgoyne in Sept., 1777, one 
having been left at Ticonderoga as a garrison ; 
and we have somewhere seen it stated that one 
company per regiment remained permanently in 
Great Britain on recruiting service. Indeed, an 
item from London, dated Feb. 3, in the issue of 
the Continental journal for May 22, 1777, says: 
" An additional company to every regiment in 
Canada is ordered to be ready for embarkation." 
The Remembrancer under date of March 19, 1776, 
[Vol. 2, p. 366] says : — *' The officers who are 
ordered for America are to wear the same uni- 
form and their hair is to be dressed in like manner 
as the men, so that they may not be distinguished 
from them by the riflemen, who aim particularly 
at the officers." 

The light infantry were active, strong men, 
selected from the battalion companies, and from 
the most promising recruits that were occasion- 
ally enlisted. They were the skirmishers of the 
regiment, and acted, so to speak, as the eyes of 
an army. When serving with the regiment the 
light infantry company was posted on the left 
flank. The grenadiers were clothed differently 
from the rest of the battalion, by wearing a high 
cap fronted with a plate of brass, on which the 
king's arms were generally represented, and by 
having a piece of fringed or tufted cloth upon 



Ixxii Explanatory Chapter, 



their shoulders, called a wing."' They were 
always the tallest and stoutest men in the regi- 
ment, and, being on the right flank, were usually 
the first in all attacks." When a number of regi- 
ments were serving together, the flank companies 
were usually detached and formed into a light 
brigade, these companies being then numbered 
entirely irrespective of their original regimental 
connection. Eraser's Light Brigade, in Bur- 
goyne's army, consisted of ten grenadier com- 
panies and ten light infantry companies, together 
with the 24th Regiment; and, being picked 
troops, of course led the advance. 



m. Though the uniform of the British 
regiments of foot was red, yet each or- 
ganization had trimmings peculiar to 
itself. At one time the popular des- 
ignations of regiments were derived from 
this peculiarity; and, to this day, the 3d 
Foot is called " The Buffs," because of 
the color of its trimmings and accoutre- 
ments two centuries ago. At the time 
of Burgoyne's campaign the uniforms of 
the regiments taking part in it, were as 
follows, viz — 

9th Foot. Red faced with yellow, 
■white lace, with two black stripes. 

zoth Foot. Red faced with pale yel- 
low, white lace, with a red and black 
Stripe. 

2ist Foot. Red faced with blue, 
•white lace, with a blue stripe. Fusileer 
regiments wore tall caps unlike those of 
■other regiments of the line, and which 
■were not quite as tall as grenadier caps. 

24th Foot. Red lined with white, 
faced with willow gn-en, white lace, one 
red and one green stripe. 

zgth Foot. Red faced with yellow, 
white lace, with two blue and one yel- 



low stripe. 

31st Foot. Red faced with buff, 
white lace, blue and yellow worm, and 
small red stripes. 

33d Foot. Red faced with red, lined 
with white, white lace, a red stripe in 
the middle. 

34th Foot. Red faced with bright 
yellow, white lace, a blue and yellow 
worm, and red stripes. 

47th Foot. Red faced with white, 
white lace, one red two black stripes. 

53d Foot. Red faced with red, white 
lace, one red stripe, white lining. 

62d Foot. Red faced with yellowish 
buff, white lace, one blue and one straw- 
colored stripe. 

The uniform of the Royal Artillery 
consisted of blue coats with scarlet trim- 
mings ; white waistcoats and breeches ; 
white stockings; black spatter dashes or 
gaiters; white accoutrements; cocked 
hat with a gold band, button and loop 
for the officers. The men's hair was 
clubbed : the officers wore theirs in a 
queue well powdcied. [B. H : G. N : 
G. U: C. Z: D. A.] 



Explanatory Chapter, Ixxiii 

Each regiment had a colonel, a lieut. -colonel, 
and a major ; but the colonelcy was practically a 
sinecure, as the colonel was usually an old general 
officer, who rarely, or never, served with his corps. 
The direct command of the regiment, therefore, 
devolved upon the lieut. -colonel, and as the brig- 
adier-generals were taken from the lieut. -colonels, 
some of the regiments would be led by majors, 
as was the case on Burgoyne's expedition. Each 
of the three field officers was supposed to com- 
mand a company, so that a regiment of ten com - 
panics would have but seven captains; but as the 
colonel rarely or never served with the regiment, 
there was an officer styled a captain-lieutenant, 
who commanded the colonel's company.* Prior 
to 1772, this was a distinctive grade between 
lieutenant, and captain, but in that year an order 
was issued giving a captain-lieutenant the rank 
of captain, though the *' Capt. -Lieut, and Cap- 
tain," as he was afterwards designated in the 
Army Lists, was always the junior captain.^* The 
subalterns of a British infantry company were 
usually a lieutenant, and an ensign. Fuzileer 
corps, grenadiers, and light infantry, had second 
lieutenants, and no ensigns; hence the companies 

». War Office, May 26, 1 772. Captain-Lieutenants shall take the said 

The King has been pleased to rank from this day ; and all future 

direct that, for the future, the Captain- Captain-Lieutenants from the date of 

Lieutenants of the Cavalry and Marching their respective commissions. 

Regiments shall have rank, as well in Barrington. 

the army as in their respective regi- [M. D. 332.] 

ments, as Captains j that the present 

J 



Ixxiv Explanatory Chapter, 

of the 2 1 St Foot, or Royal North British Fuzi- 
leers, with Burgoyne, had second lieutenants, and 
no ensigns. 

An important part of Burgoyne's army was the 
artillery Indeed, Burgoyne was attacked by his 
enemies at home for having with him a dispro- 
portionate train of artillery. Of the Royal Regi- 
ment of Artillery with Burgoyne, there were live 
captains, the senior of whom, Griffith Williams, 
held the army rank of major. Gen. Phillips, a 
major in the Royal Artillery, is not included in 
this number as he was serving as a major general. 
There were also three captain-lieutenants, two 
ist lieutenants, and twelve 2d lieutenants, though 
one of the latter was killed at Skenesborough in 
July, 1777, soon after the British occupation of 
Ticonderoga. Capt. Jones was killed at Free- 
man's Farm, Sept. 19th, and Captain-Lieut. 
Blomefield and 2d Lieuts. Smith and Howarth 
were wounded at Bemus' Heights, Oct 7, 1777."* 
Capt. Borthwick and First Lieut. Barnes, with a 
part of one company, remained at Ticonderoga 
and did not further participate in the campaign. ""^ 
Burgoyne's adjutant-general states that there 
were 257 of the British artillery on the expedi- 
tion.^* Seventy of the enlisted artilleiists belonged 
to the Irish Artillery, which, in 1801, was in- 
corporated into the Royal Artillery, as the 7th 
Battalion. ^^ The Royal Regiment of Artillery 
originated in 1716, and then consisted of two 



Explanatory Chapter. Ixxv 

companies. In 1872 it had expanded to twenty- 
nine brigades, containing over two hundred bat- 
teries, and 34,943 officers and men/' There has 
been no battle of importance in the last one 
hundred and sixty years, in which the British 
arms have participated, where the Royal Artillery 
has not been represented. At the time of Bur- 
goyne's campaign this corps consisted of four 
marching battalions of eight companies each; 
and it likewise had eight invalid companies. An 
artillery company comprised a captain, a captain- 
lieutenant, a first-lieutenant, three second-lieu- 
tenants, and one hundred enlisted men.'^ J^ne 
22d, 1772, it was ordered by Royal Warrant that 
captain-lieutenants in the artillery, and engineers, 
should rank as captains in the army. Those who 
were then serving, were to have their commis- 
sions as captain dated May 26th, 1772; and those 
who might be subsequently commissioned, from 
the date of their appointment. The title of 
captain-lieutenant was abolished in 1804, and 
that of second captain substituted. Prior to 
1 77 1 there was a grade of commissioned officer 
in the artillery, below that of second lieutenant, 
called lieutenant-fire-worker, but it was abolished 
in that year. Those intended for engineer, or 

0. In addition to the one hundred the sake oi drawing pay for three more 

enlisted men mentioned in the text, all men than were actually members of the 

of which were eti'ectives, so called, there company. Two of these non-effectives 

were thj-ee non-effectives allowed to each were allowed the captains, and one for 

company. These latter were fictitious the noneffective or company fund, 

names borne on the company rolls for [G. U. 85.] 



Ixxvi Explanatory Chapter, 

artillery officers, were sent, when mere lads, to 
the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, the 
Headquarters of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, 
and entered as gentlemen cadets Those ranking 
highest in attainments during their cadet course, 
entered the Royal Engineers, the others the 
Royal Artillery. Though the Master-General 
and the Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance were, 
ex f^fficio^ the two highest in command of the 
sister corps of Engineers and Artillery, yet each 
artillery battalion had a colonel commandant, a 
lieut.-colonel, and a major; but these officers in- 
terest us little in arriving at an understanding of 
the organization of Burgoyne's force. '° 

But two officers of the Royal Engineers ac- 
companied Burgoyne, both of whom were sub- 
engineers and lieutenants. The senior of these 
was William Twiss, who served throughout the 
campaign ; the other was Andrew Durnford, 
who was with Baum at Bennington, where he 
was taken prisoner, when his service with Bur- 
goyne terminated. 

Some naval officers, likewise, accompanied 
Burgoyne, and rendered good service, not only 
in navigating the batteaux, but also in engineer- 
ing matters. We find Capt. Schank of the navy, 
afterwards an Admiral of the Blue, constructing 
a pontoon bridge across the Hudson as late as 
Sept, 2ist and 22d ;" and young Edward Pellew, 



Explanatory Chapter. Ixxvii 

afterwards Lord Exmouth, an Admiral of the 
White, and Vice-Admiral of England, then a 
midshipman only twenty years of age, who had 
distinguished himself on the Carleton at the 
Battle of Valcour, for which he had received a 
letter of thanks from the first Lord of the Ad- 
miralty, commanded a detachment of sailors on 
Burgoyne's expedition and rendered gallant 
service in retaking a provision vessel that had 
been captured by the Americans, for which Bur- 
goynesent him a letter of commendation. After 
the surrender, Mr, Pellew, after having shared in 
the attentions and hospitality of Gen. Gates, was 
sent to England by Gen. Burgoyne with des- 
patches, a distinction to which his services in the 
campaign were considered to have entitled him. 
He sailed from Quebec early in November, 1777, 
and arrived in England about the middle of the 
next month.'* 

It is not easy to determine the strength of the 
German regiments with Burgoyne, as Major 
Kingston has given us only the gross number, 
and not the detailed figures of each organization. 
All the troops furnished Great Britain, in 1776, 
by the Duke of Brunswick and the Hereditary 
Prince of Hesse Cassel, Reigning Count of 
Hanau, were sent to Canada. The treaty with 
the Duke of Brunswick embraced a corps of 
Infantry of 3964 men, and a corps of unhorsed 
"'Light Cavalry" of 336 men, which bodies 



Ixxviii Explanatory Chapter. 

were organized into five regiments and two bat- 
talions; while the Hanau treaty included a regi- 
ment of infantry of 660 men, and a company of 
artillery of 128 men, with six field pieces." This 
would make 5088 German troops sent to Canada 
in 1776, but Major Kingston accounts for but 
3827 of them, and it would seem the discrepancy 
was too great to be accounted for by a year's 
service, notwithstanding the unaccustomed rigor 
of a Canadian winter. The German troops with 
Burgoyne, therefore, consisted of an artillery 
company, a dragoon regiment, and seven in- 
fantry regiments or battalions. The following 
facts relating to the composition of the Bruns- 
wick regiments have been largely deduced from 
the number of officers attached to those regiments 
in the lists to be found in Burgoyne's Orderly 
Book, and in vol. 2 of Riedesel's Memoirs, 
Letters and Journals. Riedesel's Dragoons — so 
called from their colonel's name — were not 
mounted; and as they were armed with carbines 
and heavy sabres and equipments, they could only 
act as the heaviest kind of dismounted cavalry. 
Lieut.-Col. Baum commanded this regiment, 
which was divided into four troops, each of 
which was officered by a captain, a lieutenant 
and a cornet. Lieut.-Col. Breymann's Grena- 
diers were divided into four companies, each of 
which had a captain, and three lieutenants. 
Each ot the other five regiments consisted of 



Explanatory Chapter. Ixxix 

five companies/^ each officered by a captain, two 
lieutenants, and an ensign. Earner's Battalion 
was composed of chasseurs, or light infantry, save 
one company, which consisted of jagers, or rifle- 
men. The mode of detaching from each regi- 
ment a given number of men with proper officers 
to remain in Canada, as before referred to, of 
course interfered somewhat with the establish- 
ment as just given. The Left, or German 
Wing of Burgoyne's army, under Maj. Gen. 
Riedesel, was brigaded exactly like the Right, 
or British Wing under Maj. Gen. Phillips; 
Lieut. -Col. Breymann commanded the German 
Advance, or Light Brigade, and Specht, and Gall, 
respectively, the F'irst and Second Brigades. The 
dragoons were not brigaded, but served as a 
headquarter guard.'* The Hesse Hanau Ar- 
tillery Company was under Capt. Pausch. It 
suflTered terribly at Bennington, where it lost two 
of its guns. Lieut. Hadden refers so fully to the 
organization of the regulars, both British and 
German, that it is unnecessary to further advert 
to it here. 

Of irregular troops there were two provincial 
battalions commanded, respectively, by Lieut. - 
Colonel John Peters, of the Hampshire Grants, 
and Lieut.-Colonel Ebenezer Jessup,ofNew York. 
The number of companies in each battalion is 
unknown, but they were not sufficient to con- 
stitute a regiment; and Peters' Corps was sent on 



Ixxx Expla?jatory Chapter. 

the expedition to Bennington in the hope of 
swelling its ranks by the accession of recruits in 
that neighborhood. There were also two Cana- 
dian companies, commanded, respectively, by 
Capt. Boucherville, and Capt. xMonin ; and Capt. 
Samuel McKay, a half pay officer of the 6oth, 
or Royal American Regiment, acted as major. 
Capt Eraser's marksmen, or rangers, and the 
Indians already mentioned, made up Burgoyne's 
force." 

Rarely had a braver or better officered little 
army been sent to its destruction than this of 
Burgoyne ; and yet it would seem that there was 
something radically wrong, both in its leader, 
and in its composition. Lieut. -Gen. Burgoyne, 
notwithstanding his brilliant dash in Portugal 
with a handful of cavalry, was not the man to 
surmount unexpected difficulties, and wring 
success out of adverse circumstances. His pur- 
suit of the Americans, after their evacuation of 
Ticonderoga, was rapid and brilliant, it is true, 
but his stay at Skenesborough, and his determina- 
tion to sacrifice real to seeming progress by 
hewing a way through the woods to Fort Edward, 
instead of returning by water to Ticonderoga, 
and then crossing Lake George, was feeble in- 
deed, his only excuse being the alleged fear that 
an}thing that looked like retracing his steps 
would serve to inspirit the defeated Americans ; 
whereas the course he pursued gave his enemies 



Explanatory Chapter. Ixxxi 

much more time to recover their spirits and 
assemble troops to oppose him, than the other 
would have done. Then too, when celerity of 
action was called for to strike the enemy advan- 
tageously, as well as to husband his provisions, 
which were brought from Canada when trans- 
portation was scarce, he permitted his army to 
be encumbered with unnecessary camp followers. 
Among them were a number of women, and 
some children ; for it is notorious that the 
Baroness Riedesel and her young family and 
maids. Lady Harriet Acland and her maid, Mrs. 
Harnage, Mrs. Reynal, and other officers' and 
soldiers' wives accompanied Biirgoyne.'^ The 
London Chronicle for Dec. 20-23, 1777, says — 
" There were many women and children in Gen. 
Burgoyne's camp when he surrendered, all of 
whom were ordered to be provided for by Gen. 
Gates ; the women at a whole ration, the children 
at an-half." A ** Return of the British Troops 
who draw Provisions, Prospect Hill 22 Nov., 
1777," found among the Heath Papers, gives 
215 women; while a Provision Return of the 
German troops, about the same time, gives 82 
women ; making 297 women, besides officers' 
wives, and servants, with Burgoyne at Cambridge, 
a month after his surrender. 

Gen. Phillips' order of Aug. 19, 1777, ^^ ^^ 
ionnAposty page 314, in regard to Gen. Burgoyne's 
k 



Ixxxii Explanatory Chapter. 

baggage, has a very unpromising look for the 
lieut. -general's self denial ; and it is known that 
he loved good eating and drinking, and was sen- 
sual and self indulgent. After the disastrous 
affair of Oct. 7th, Burgoyne seemed smitten with 
fatal indecision. Instead of actively retreating as 
he might then have done, he did little more than 
talk about it ; at one time tardily ordering a re- 
treat, then inexplicably deferring it, meanwhile, 
if Madame Riedesel can be believed, toying with 
his mistress — courting Venus instead of Mars." 

This not doing the right thing at the right 
time appears to have been Burgoyne's cardinal 
defect in his American campaign ; and it seems 
to have grown upon him. Illustrations of this 
are numerous. He did not hurry his advance 
through to Albany when his capture of Ticon- 
deroga and his brushing the Americans from 
before him at Hubbardton, Fort Ann, Fort 
George and Skenesborough, had so demoralized 
them as to enable him to accomplish well nigh 
whatever he should dare to attempt. He did 
not dispatch light, quick moving troops on the 
Bennington raid, where mobility was all import- 
ant ; but sent cumbrous dismounted German dra- 
goons ; and when the Americans, inspirited by 
St. Leger's repulse and the victory at Bennington, 
had been allowed time to recover from their 
July panic occasioned by the reverses of that 
month, and to concentrate a heavy force on Bur- 



Expla?iatory Chapter. Ixxxiii 

goyne's front, the latter proposed to advance. 
What he had failed to do with a stricken foe 
before him, he now attempted to do when con- 
fronted by a victorious army, and when the 
golden opportunity had vanished. He had lost the 
prestige of uninterrupted success; he had lost 
many men on the campaign ; the Indians had 
deserted him ; and Howe had unaccountably left 
him to his fate ; still he proposed to advance ; 
and his only reason, as afterwards given, was that 
he felt bound by orders that he considered im- 
perative. If he could tarry so long on the road, 
on the score of obstacles to be overcome, it is a 
little difficult to understand why even his con- 
struction of orders would not have warranted a 
further delay, if necessary, to successfully accom- 
plish his purpose. His delay in July cost him all 
chance of success : his advance in September was 
fatal to his army. What his adversary, Gates, 
thought ot this movement, is clearly indicated in 
a letter he addressed " To the Honorable the 
Chairman of the Committee at Bennington to 
be forwarded to the Committees to the East- 
ward thereof," which reads as follows — 

"Camp on Bemus' Heights, Sept. 17, 1777. 

I have rec'd certain intelligence that Gen'l 
Burgoyne has caused Skenesborough, Fort Ann, 
Fort George, Fort Edward, and the post he 
lately occupied to the southward of Lake George 



Ixxxiv Rxpla?iatory Chapter. 

and Skenesborough, to be evacuated, and the 
Artillery stores and provisions to be brought to 
his army now at Van Veder's Mills, seven miles 
north of this camp, except some heavy cannon 
which are carried to the five mile island in Lake 
George. From this it is evident the Gen'l de- 
signs to risque all upon one rash stroke, it is 
therefore the indispensable duty of all concerned 
to exert themselves in reinforcing this Army 
without one moment's delay. The militia from 
every part should be ordered here with all 
possible expedition. 

I am S'r your 

Most obedient h'ble ser't 
Horatio Gates." '^ 

On the 4th of October Gates wrote still more 
significantly of the character of Burgoyne, in a 
letter of that date to Gen. Clinton — " Perhaps 
his despair," said Gates , " may dictate to him 
to risque all upon one throw ; he is an old 
gamester, and in his time has seen all chances. 
I will endeavour to be ready to prevent his good 
fortune, and, if possible, secure my own."'^ 

It would seem from the testimony given in 
The State of the Expedition, that Burgoyne was 
popular with many, if not most of his officers, 
and yet the evidence, taken together, is far from 
conclusive on that point. Gen. Glover, whose 
brigade guarded Gen. Burgoyne's troops from 



Explanatory Chapter. Ixxxv 

Saratoga to Cambridge, wrote to Gen. Gates 
from Marblehead, Dec. 21st, 1777, as follows: — 
" iMany of Gen. Burgoyne's officers are very 
bitter against him — have been heard to say 
* Damn him, he could call a Council at Saratoga, 
if he had call'd one at Fort Edward they should 
not have been made Prisoners, but they would 
do his business for him when they got home."" 

Another unfortunate element in Burgoyne's 
army was its mixed character That the Ger- 
mans were jealous of the British, is indubitably 
indicated in the Memoir, Journal and Letters of 
Major General Riedesel. On the other hand, 
there is little less doubt that the British enter- 
tained a poor opinion of, if indeed they did not 
despise the Germans. Burgoyne greatly under- 
rated the intelligence of his provincial officers, 
and they on their part, were justly annoyed at 
having their commissions withheld from them. 
Being required by the government to employ 
Indians, Burgoyne speedily disgusted them and 
their leaders ; and though this was to the credit 
of his humanity, yet, in a military view, it lost 
him a part of his force, already too small. The 
organization of his troops, also, lacked cohesion, 
for there were too many petty bodies, too many 
small battalions and unregimented companies. 

Whatever may have been Burgoyne's errors 
and shortcomings, however, the government 



Ixxxvi Expla?2atory Chapter, 

itself was the real cause of the failure of the 
expedition, as it promised Burgoyne co-operation 
from New York, which he absolutely required 
and demanded, and then it neglected to give Sir 
William Howe peremptory orders to do, what it 
is unaccountable that any officer, calling himself 
a general, should not have done, even in the 
absence of orders. Had as able a commander 
as Sir Guy Carleton been in the place of either 
Burgoyne or Sir William Howe, it is not im- 
probable that the campaign of 1777 would have 
had an entirely different termination. 

A few words in regard to British army rank 
may assist some readers in understanding allu- 
sions in the orders and notes. The volunteers 
alluded to in the following pages, were young 
gentlemen joining a regiment going upon ser- 
vice, and doing duty with that corps until they 
could get commissions. In the Austrian, Prus- 
sian and Russian service such a volunteer would 
be termed a cadet." There were several kinds 
of rank in the British army. Regimental rank 
was, of course, an officer's rank in his regiment. 
Army rank, as it is denominated in the Army 
Lists, was usually brevet rank, and was conferred, 
in the vast majority of cases, after a given num- 
ber of years service in a subordinate grade, 
though it was sometimes conferred lor special 
merit. If an officer, however, who had served 
in one regiment, was transferred to another for 



Explanatory Chapter, Ixxxvii 

any reason, he would take his regimental rank 
from the date of his commission in the regiment 
to which he had been transferred, but his army 
rank in that grade would date from his earliest 
promotion to it in any regiment. After having 
been borne a certain number of years on the 
active list as a captain, an officer was promoted 
to the army, or brevet rank of major, and so on- 
in each successive grade up to the rank of gene- 
ral ; but a majority was usually, but not always, 
the lowest brevet. i^ As a colonel was the high- 
est regimental grade, of course, all above that 
was only army rank.'" The grade of brigadier- 
general was formerlv a distinctive one in the 
army, but it was abolished as such, about the 
year 1748 ; after which time it was only con- 
ferred temporarily, and ordinarily upon regimen- 
tal lieutenant-colonels.*° It was usually con- 
ferred for a war, or for as long as the bearer 
should serve in practically the same field of ope- 
rations ; as, for example, during the American 
War, as the British termed our Revolutionary 
struggle. Burgoyne's brigadiers, however, were 
confined to much more narrow limits, as indi- 

/>. Although brevet rank is usually ^^ War Office, July i, 1783. 
stated as having been conferied only on "John Wemyss, late Colonel of the 
officers of the rank of captain, or above, Sutherland regiment of fencibles, Cap- 
yet the following promotions copied from tain in the army by brevet" 
the London Gazette, plainly show that " War Office, December i'^, 1783. 
the lower grades were also brevetted. " To be Captain in the army by 
" War Office, No-vember 28, 1 780. brevet, Lieut. John Thomas Layard, of 

" George William Ricketts, Ensign in the 54th regiment."* ['H. N. 513. 

the Army by Brevet."' 'H. R. 10, 577.] 



Ixxxviii Explanatory Chapter. 

cated by the following letter from Lord George 
Germaine to Gen. Carleton. 

** Whitehall, August 22, 1776. 

"Sir : I had the honour to lay before the 
King your letter of the 22d of June, wherein 
you acquaint me that you had formed the Army 
into four Brigades, and given the command of 
them to Lieutenant-Colonel Nesbitt of the 
Forty-Seventh Regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Frazer of the 24th Regiment, Lieutenant- 
Colonel Powel of the Fifty-Third, and Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Gordon of the Twenty-Ninth ; and 
his Majesty was pleased to observe thereupon, 
that these officers might continue to act as 
Brigadiers until part of your Army should be 
ordered to join the troops under the command 
of General Howe, and that then their rank of 
Brigadiers must cease, in order to prevent the 
impropriety of their having higher rank and pay 
than several of the Lieutenant Colonels who are 
their seniors in that Army. 

" You will here permit me to inform you 
that the King, upon reading that part of your 
letter of the 20th June, where you take notice 
of the troops under the command of JVlajor- 
General Phillips, was pleased to observe, that 
although officers of Artillery, when ordered on 
duty, certainly command according to their rank 
and the dates of their commissions, yet that it has 



Explanatory Chapter, Ixxxix 

never been the custom of the British service, 
nor, as it is apprehended, of any other in Europe, 
that either General officers or others of Artillery, 
should roll in duty with the officers of the line ; 
and that Major-General Phillips having acted 
under you in that predicament, must not in 
future be considered as a precedent. 

''I am &c &c George Germaine"^' 

This arrangement caused Burgoyne and his 
brigadiers, much chagrin, and Burgoyne in a 
letter to Adjutant-General Harvey, dated from 
the Camp on the River Bouquet, near Lake 
Champlain, June 22, 1777, states the case as 
follows : — *' I have been exceedingly distressed 
in regard to the brigadiers of this army. Sir 
Guy Carleton, the day I took leave of him, put 
into my hands an extract of a letter from the 
Secretary of War, approving the appointment of 
those gentlemen, but observing, that when- 
ever any of them should lead their brigades out of 
the province of Canada, in order to join the troops 
under General Howe, there would be a necessity 
for their command ceasing as brigadiers, &c. 

"Were this to be put in execution, according to 
the letter of the order, and the geographical 
limits of Canada, and supposing Major General 
Phillips at the same time to be employed solely 
in the artillery, I should find myself at the head 
of an army to undertake a siege, and afterwards 
1 



xc Explanatory Chapter. 

pursue objects of importance, and possibly of 
time, without a single intermediate British offi- 
cer between the Lieutenant General, command- 
ing pro tempore in chief, and a Lieutenant 
Colonel. It would be preposterous and imper- 
tinent in me to say one word more to you as an 
officer, upon the impossibility of methodizing or 
conducting such an army with such a total defi- 
ciency of staff Had Lord Harrington conde- 
scended to have communicated his intentions to 
me in London, I think I could haveconvinced him 
of the impropriety. As it is, I must conclude 
that the spirit of the order goes only to prevent 
those gentlemen bearing a higher rank and pay 
than senior lieutenant colonels serving in the 
same army ; and that therefore there can be no 
fault in keeping it dormant till the junction 
takes place. In other words, I look upon mine 
to be the Canada army till such time as I am in 
communication with General Howe, so as to 
make part of his force, and consequently with- 
out measuring degrees north and south, that the 
arrangements made in Canada, and approved by 
the King, remain in force till that time. 

" I am persuaded, my dear General, you will 
support me in this liberty, if such it is to be 
called, not only as the absolute order and 
method of the service depends upon it, but also 
to avoid to these gentlemen, who have really 
great merit, the vexation and the ridicule of 



Expia?iatory Chapter, xci 

being deprived of their rank and pay in the hour 
of that very service, with a view to which their 
appointment was originally made. I think I 
can answer, that the junction made, and the 
reasons for reverting to their former ranks, be- 
come obvious, they will submit to his Majesty's 
pleasure without a murmur."^' 

In a subsequent letter to the same correspond- 
ent, written at Skenesborough, July iith, Bur- 
goyne again adverts to the matter in this wise: — 
" After what I have publicly mentioned of 
Fraser I am sure I need not press you in his 
favour. I cannot but fee) confident in the hope 
that his Majesty's grace will find its way through 
all obstacles to prevent so discouraging a circum- 
stance as the return of this gallant officer to the 
mere duty of lieutenant colonel, at the head of 
one battalion, after having given ascendancy to 
the King's troops, and done honour to his pro- 
fession, by the most spirited actions in critical 
periods of two successive campaigns."*^' 

Local rank was confined to certain territorial 
limits, and was held by an officer until he ob- 
tained the same army rank, when, of course, 
the local merged in the broader army rank, 
which latter applied to the officer in all parts of 
the world. Some of the officers referred to in 
this volume, will serve as illustrations of the ex- 
planations attempted. For instance, in the 



xcii Explanatory Chapter. 

spring of 1777, Sir Guy Carleton had the regi- 
mental rank of colonel of the 47th Foot, the 
army rank of major-general, and the local rank 
of " general in America." Major-General 
Phillips was a major in the Royal Regiment of 
Artillery, a colonel in the army, and a " major- 
general in America." The final illustration 
shall be Capt. Thomas Aubrey of the 47th Foot. 
At the time of his death, in 18 14, he was a half- 
pay captain in the 73d Foot, a major in the 
army, and a lieutenant-colonel in the Bucks 
County Militia." 

The officers of the Guards had a double rank 
which was conferred on the following occasions. 
The rank of lieutenant-colonel in the army was 
granted by James II, in 1688, to the captains; 
that of captain by William III, in 1 691, to the 
lieutenants ; and that of lieutenant to the en- 
signs, after the battle of Waterloo.'^ As officers, 
when serving in their regiments, serve in their 
regimental rank, but when serving on detach- 
ment or with other regiments, have the benefit 
of their army rank, much difficulty ensued 
from this double rank of the Guards, and not 
a little embarrassment was caused by it in the 
detachment of Guards serving in America under 
Sir William Howe.*^ This extra rank will not 
be enjoyed by those who obtained their com- 
missions since the abolition of the purchase 
system, July 20th, 1871.'^ There were various 



Explanatory Chapter, xciii 

other intricacies of rank in the British service a 
century ago, some of which still exist ; but an 
explanation of them is not necessary for a proper 
understanding of either the text or the notes. 

As but two journals by British participants in 
Burgoyne's campaign, other than Hadden's, have 
found their way into print, a few words in re- 
gard to their writers, may not be amiss. Roger 
Lamb— the author of An Original and Authentic 
"Journal of Occurrences during the late American 
War, from its cofn?nencement to the year 1783, 
published in Dublin in 1809, and of a Memoir of 
ii/j-Ow«L/)^',publishedat Dublin in 181 1, — anon- 
commissioned officer in the 9th Foot,was born in 
Dublin, Jan 17, 1756, and was the youngest of 
eleven childen " of humble, industrious and 
virtuous parents," to adopt his own words. 
When but seventeen years of age he enlisted in 
the 9th Foot, then stationed at Waterford, in 
Ireland, which he joined Aug. 24., 1773. He 
was promoted to be corporal in 1775, and 
beino- too weak, from sickness, to march with 
his regiment when it left Dublin to embark for 
America, he followed on as soon as he was able, 
and reached Cork before its departure. His zeal 
secured his promotion to Serjeant, and he em- 
barked, as he tells us, April 3, 1776, on the 
transport Friendship, at the cove of Cork ; sailed 
with the rest of the fleet on the 8th ; and ar- 
rived at Quebec, May 26th. He served in 



xciv Explanatory Chapter. 

Canada in 1776, and on Burgoyne's campaign 
in 1777, taking part in the battles of Hubbard- 
ton, Freeman's Farm, and Bemus' Heights, and 
being included in the Saratoga Convention. He 
escaped from the Americans, arrived in New 
York Nov. 25, 1778, and immediately joined the 
23d Foot, or Royal Welch Fuzileers, in which 
he was at once appointed a Serjeant. He served 
with this regiment at the south, and again be- 
came a prisoner upon Cornwallis' surrender. 
After one unsuccessful attempt, he finally made 
good his escape from the Americans, and again 
reached New York, as an escaped prisoner, 
March 23, 1782. At the British evacuation of 
New York, in November, 1783, he returned to 
England, and received his discharge, after twelve 
years service. After the war he became a 
schoolmaster, and it is easy to see that his educa- 
tion was far superior to the great majority of his 
rank at that time in the British army ; indeed, he 
says in his Journal, [p. 388.] — " After the 
army under Lord Cornwallis became prisoners, I 
was attached to the general hospital. I had 
frequently officiated as an assistant surgeon, both 
in the 9th and 23d regiments ; and sometimes, 
when we h ad not a professional surgeon, I had 
endeavoured to do that duty, to the best of my 
knowledge." His petition for a pension, 25 
years after his discharge, gives his own summary 
of his military career. 



Explanatory Chapter, xcv 

"Dublin, January 7, 1809. 
"To His Royal Highness the Duke of York, 
Commander in Chief of His Majesty's Forces ; 
the Memorial of R. Lamb, late Serjeant in the 
Royal Welch Fuzileers, 

" Humbly sheweth, 

"That Memorialist served in the Army 
twelve years, in the 9th and 23d Regiments of 
Foot, eight years of which was in America, 
under the command of Generals Burgoyne and 
Cornwallis; during which time he was in Six 
pitched Battles, Four Sieges, several important 
Expeditions, was twice taken prisoner, and as 
often made his escape to the British Army : viz. 
First, in 1778, when prisoner with General Bur- 
goyne's Army, he escaped, with two men, whom 
he brought with him to General Sir Henry 
Clinton, at New York; Secondly, in 1782, 
when taken with Lord Cornwallis's Army, he 
eluded the vigilance of the American guards, 
and conducted under his command, seven men 
to Sir Guy Carleton, the then Commander in 
Chief in said City, to both of whom he gave 
most important ' Intelligence respecting the 
enemy's Army, for which service he was ap- 
pointed by General Birch, then commandant of 
the City, his first Clerk, and Adjutant to the 
Merchants' Corps of Volunteers there. 

"That in the battle of Camden, in South 
Carolina, he had the honour of carrying the Regi- 



xcvi Explanatory Chapte7\ 

mental Colours, and immediately after was ap- 
pointed temporary Surgeon to the Regiment, 
having had some little knowledge of physic, and 
received the approbation of all his Officers for 
his care of the sick and wounded. 

"That at the battle of Guilford Court-House, 
in North Carolina, he had the heartfelt pleasure 
of saving Lord Cornwallis from being taken 
prisoner, and begs leave with profound deference 
to state, that he was always chosen one of the 
first Serjeants to execute any enterprise that re- 
quired intrepidity, decision, and judgment for its 
accomplishment. 

" That Memorialist being now far advanced 
in life, humbly solicits your Royal Highness to 
recommend him for a military pension, which 
would smooth his declining years, and be most 
gratefully received as a remuneration for the 
many times he has risked his life and limbs in 
his Majesty's service. 

" That for the truth of these facts, he most 
humbly refers to General H. Calvert and 
Colonel Makenzie." 

" To which Memorial the following Answer 
was received : 

" Adjutant General's Office. 

"The Adjutant-General informs Serjeant 
Roger Lamb, that the usual Authority has 



Explanatory Chapter, xcvii 

been given by the Secretary at War, for placing 
him upon the Out Pension of Chelsea Hospital, 
dispensing with his personal appearance before 
the Board. 

"Horse-Guards, 25th Jan., 1809." 

Thomas Anburey was the author of Travels 
through the Interior Parts of America. In a Series 
of Letters. By an oficer — published in London in 
1789, a new edition of which appeared in !79i. 
Two French translations of this work were 
issued at Paris, one in 1790, and the other in 
1793; and a German translation, published 
at Berlin, appeared in 1792. Anburey em- 
barked at Cork for Quebec, as a volunteer, with 
the care of some recruits for the 47th Foot, on 
board the transport Howe, about the middle of 
August, 1776; and, after a fatiguing passage of 
eleven weeks, attended with no little danger, 
safely arrived at his destination. He spent the 
winter at Montreal, and in 1777 took part in 
Burgoyne's campaign, being attached, as a 
volunteer, to the grenadier company of the 29th 
Foot, then commanded by Lord Petersham. 
He was at the battle of Hubbardton ; and 
August 10, 1777, he received a commission as 
ensign in the 24th Foot.^ He was at Freeman's 
Farm and Bemus' Heights, was included in the 
Saratoga Convention, and remained in captivity 
till Sept., 1781, the last of which month he em- 



m 



xcviii Explanatory Chapter. 

barked at New York, on the packet Swallow, 
for England, arriving at Falmouth on the 15th 
of the following December/^ His name appears 
in the British Army Lists for the last time in 
1782; and he must have left the army late in 
1782, or early in 1783, as John Britland Rol- 
lings was gazetted Feb. 19, 1783, as an ensign 
in the 24th Foot, vice Anburey. No trace of 
this officer's subsequent career has been found. 
The United Service Journal for Dec, 1840, 
part 3, p. 517, contains a sketch of Sir Thomas 
Anburey, K. C. B., of the Bengal Engineers, 
who was commissioned as ensign of engineers 
by the Court of Directors, July 9, 1783 ; and 
who died March 31, 1840, aged 80 ; 57 years 
of his life having been spent in the East India 
Company's service. Sir Thomas might well 
enough have been the ensign of that name on 
Burgoyne's campaign, for when he entered the 
East India service he must have been 23 ; and, 
had he entered the British army in 1776, he 
would then have been 16, which was not too 
young for him to have joined the service, as 
Lamb, in his Memoir, in speaking of the battle 
of Hubbardton, says — "Three subalterns of the 
20th regiment on this occasion, the oldest of 
whom did not exceed the age of seventeen years, 
were buried together." The sketch of Sir 
Thomas, above alluded to, makes no mention of 
his having served in the British army, nor to his 



Explanatory Chapter. xcix 

having written a book of travels in America, 
v^^hich militates against the probability of his 
being the same person as the ensign in the 24th 
Foot, of the same name. 

Before concluding, some mention of two of 
the authorities, frequently referred to in this 
volume, should, likewise, be made. The Haldi- 
mand Papers used by the editor, is the copy in 
the Archives of the Dominion of Canada at 
Ottawa, made from the original in the British 
Museum, and which have never been printed. 
When the editor was in Ottawa, in 1881, but 
about one hundred of the two hundred and 
thirty odd volumes composing the set, had been 
copied, and hence that is all to which he has 
had access. 

The British Army Lists, which have fur- 
nished a vast fund of information for the bio- 
graphical sketches of officers mentioned in this 
volume, date, by authority, from 1741 ; but the 
set in the Astor Library — the one used by the 
editor — only extends back to 1754. The early 
volumes do not contain the regiments on the 
Irish Establishment, and the first twenty-four 
volumes have no indexes. Indeed the Army 
List of 1765 is the first to contain an index of 
officers of cavalry and infantry regiments on 
active service; and that of 1789, an index of 
half-pay officers. The List of 1785 is the first 
to include in its index, the officers of the Royal 



c Kxplanatory Chapter, 

Artillery and Royal Engineers on active service; 
and it was not until 1803 that the indexes were 
sufficiently perfected to include officers on full, 
and half-pay, all together. The indexes for 
years were wretched affairs, and the Lists them- 
selves are full of errors and omissions ; so that it 
becomes a writer, that delves in them for infor- 
mation, and relies on them for facts, to have the 
distinct understanding with his readers, that his 
statements are, in accountants' parlance, made 
" with errors and omissions excepted." ['B. T. 
under Bremer of the Priory. *B. H. 'G. .U 
^E. Z, 'H. I. 'C. Z. 179,399. ^E. N. 475. 
'E. A. 1 1 18. ^U. 439, '°B. S. "K. S. 400. 
'^B. N. 96, app. 27. "B. H : K. S. 133 : G. E. 
'*L. T. 852: G. D. '^G. 939-941: H. 456-458: 
K. D. 346, 370. '^G. 1186: H. F. 198, 305, 
342, 368, 387 : K. M. 32, 33, 38, 39, 42: G. 
V. 71. '^K. E. 147: K. L. 61, 66. '^G. 1081 : 
H. 458. '^G. 940 : H. 803, 1005. ^°G. 940 : F. 
903. "H. F. 90: C. U. 21, 23. "G. N, ^'E. 6. 
^G. V. 65. ^-^B. N. app. 28. ^'G. V. ^^E. Z. 
*^C. Z. 164, 316, 417. ^^C. Z. 281 : D. C. S77' 
'°C.Z. ''K. M. 154. '^I. T. 12, 15, 25, 28, 29. 
"H. 271, 276, 358. '^K. M: K. N: .BM. 
155-164: H. 273-276. "B.N. app. 34: K. M: 
K. N: B. M: E Z. '^K. L. 112-115, 129, 131: 
B. N 87. '^K. L. 125. ^M. L. 170. '^D. R. 
*°A. T. 118, 150. -^'I. 1104. ^^B. N. app. 32. 
-B. N. app. 33. -M. B. 455-457- "H. J. 123. 
^O. P. -^^H. T. T. 296.J 



LIEUT. HADDEN'S JOURNAL, 




I'ARCH 4th 1776, I embarked on 
■ board an Ordnance Transport, des- 
i^ tined for ^ebec, and lost sight of 
^ England May 2nd, 1776. 

After a pleasant passage 1 arrived on the Coast 
of America and discover'd Land the 21st June, 
and on the 12th July landed at Quebec. 

The T3th July I disembarked the Light Ar- 
tillery &c., and putting them on board Batteaux's, 
with the Detachment proceeded up the St. Law- 
rence. In Lake St. Piere, we met with such 
violent weather as to oblige us to run the Bat- 
teaux's on the Lee Shore, where we landed the 
Stores, as many of the Batteaux's filled with 
water ; the day following being more moderate we 
proceeded on our route. Arriving at the conflux 
of the St. Lawrence and Sorei Rivers we proceeded 
up the latter ; there being a very strong current, 
the Canadian Boat-men landed and drew us up 
with Cords. 



Lieut, HadderCs yournai. 



July 23d, I arrived at Chamblee Fort, errected 
at the lower part of the Rapids which break off 
the water communication to St. Johns, a distance 
of 15 miles. 

The Fort at Chamblee or rather the Shell of a 
large square House loop holed, is an ancient 
structure raised about 50 Feet, totaly of Masonry 
and intended as a defence against the sudden 
attack of the Savages. It was surrendered by 
Major Stopford9. (last year) to the Rebels (who 
brought I Gun & a Horse load of powder 
against it,) after firing a few Shot : and he neg- 



q. The Honorable Joseph Stop- 
ford was the fourth son of James Stop- 
ford, first Viscount Stopford and Earl of 
Courtown, in the Irish Peerage, by his 
wife, Elizabeth, only daughter of Doct. 
Edward Smyth, Lord Bishop of Down 
and Connor, and was baptized Nov. ii, 
1741.' He probably entered the mili- 
tary service Nov. 6, 1759, ^^ ^ cornet 
in the 18th Light Dragoons 5 but this 
cannot be affirmed positively, as no Chris- 
tian name of the Stopford in the 

1 8th Dragoons is given in the Army 
Lists. Be that as it may, however, he 
was commissioned as captain in the 107th 
Foot, or Queen's Own Royal Regiment 
of British Volunteers, Oct 22, 1761, a 
new regiment just raised, and which was 
reduced at the peace of 1763, the officers 
going upon half pay. He soon returned 
to service again as he was commissioned 
as captain in the 7th Foot, or Royal 
Fuzileers, March 20, 1764, and major, 
Oct. 27, 1772, accompanying his regi 
ment to America in 1774." As stated in 
the text, he was captured at Chambly, 
but he seems not to have been over 
mindful of the obligations of his parole 



while a prisoner, as we find in the doings 
of Congress for Dec. 4, 1775, the fol- 
lowing entry ; — " Information being 
given to Congress that Major stopford, 
notwithstanding his parole, is endeavour- 
ing to debauch the minds of the people, 
Resol-ved, That the Delegates of New 
Jersey be directed to write to the Com- 
mittee of Trenton, and desire them to 
inquire into the conduct and behaviour of 
Major Stopford and the officers there, 
and report to Congress. "3 He became 
a lieut.-col. in the army, Aug. 29, 
1777, and lieut.-col. of t.he 15th Foot 
Jan. 31, 1778, which regiment was then 
in America. His last conjmission was as 
colonel in the army, and was dated Nov. 
20, 1782.'^ He died unmarried at Wex- 
ford, in Ireland, June 29, 1786. His 
eldest brother, James, was the second Earl 
of Courtown, in the Irish Peerage, and 
first Lord Saltersford, in the British Peer- 
age. His second brother, Edward, be- 
came a major-general ; and his third 
brother, Thomas, became Lord Bishop of 
Cork and Ross, the family consisting of 
six sons and six daughters.' [' C. D. 449. 
" B. H. 3E. 1941.] 



Lieut, Hadden^s yournaL 3 

lecting to destroy a large quantity of powder 
then in the Fort, they were enabled to return 
and attack Fort St. John. The powder might 
have been thrown into the Rapids as the Fort is 
immediately above them. There was also a Well 
in the Fort. Timidity and Folly in this instance 
seems to have been the cause of all the succeed- 
ing misfortunes in Canada. I did not learn that 
any Men were Killed or wounded in the Fort, 
and it certainly might have held out long enough 
for the Enemy to have expended ^//M^/r ammu- 
nition, in which case they must have abandoned 
their enterprise. On the contrary with the above 
supplies they besieged and took St. Johns in 
about Six week's. 

July 24th I waited on M. Gen '1 Phillips »* & 
made my report, and on the 25th he was 
pleased to give out the following order. 

Brigade Orders. Chamblee 
Camp 25th July 1776. 

"Lieut. Hadden havingjoined the Detachment 
and made his report to Major Gen'l Phillips, the 
Major Gen'l in justice to him declares himself 
perfectly satisfied with every step he has taken in 
which he has conducted himself in all respects 
like a good Officer" 
(Signed) T. Blomfield.^ Maj'r of Brig. &c. 

r. See Appendix I. t. See Appendix z. 



4 Lieut, Hadderis JournaL 

About the 2nd of August, Brigadier Gen'l Gor- 
don ^ was wounded and died, Lord Petersham ^ 



t. Patrick Gordon was commissioned 
capt. -lieutenant of the Royals, or ist 
Foot, Jan. 22,1755. He was promoted 
to be captain in the 2d Battalion of that 
regiment, Feb. 16, 1756, and major of 
the io8th Foot, Oct. 17, 1761. At 
the peace of 1763 the io8th was dis- 
banded, and he went upon half pay. 
He became a lieut. -colonel in the army 
May 25, 17725 and on the 7th of 
Feb., 1777, he returned to active ser- 
vice as lieut. -colonel of the 29th Foot, 
which was then under orders for Can- 
ada. He crossed the Atlantic with his 
corps in the spring of that year, and soon 
after his arrival in Canada was appointed 
a brigadier general, his brigade consist- 
ing of the 2 1st, 62d and 29th regiments. 
He was posted at Montreal until June 
l8th, 1776, when he was ordered to La 
Prairie, at which post he commanded 
"when he died. 

The British version of Gordon's death 
as given by Anburey in the first volume 
of his Travels, p. 256, is as follows: 
"In my last I mentioned to you the 
name of one, Whitcomb, a native of 
Connecticut, and a great partizan of the 
Americans, who, after the defeat upon 
the Lakes, offered his service to venture 
through the woods, and bring in prisoner 
an English officer, for which purpose he 
stationed himself among the thickest 
copses that are between ha Praire and St 
John's. The first officer who happened 
to pass him was Brigadier General 
Gordon ; he was mounted on a spirited 
horse, and Whitcomb thinking there 
was little probabilty of seizing him, fired 
at and wounded him in the shoulder. 
The General immediately rode as fast as 
he could to the camp at St John's, which 
he had but just reached, when with loss of 



blood and fatigue, he fell from his horse; 
some soldiers took him up and carried 
him to the hospital, where, after his 
wound was dressed, and he was a little 
at ease, he related the circumstance, 
which being immediately made known 
to General Carleton, a party of Indians 
were sent out to scour the woods, and 
search for Whitcomb, but in vain, as he 
hastened back to Ticonderoga. General 
Carleton, however, imagining he might 
be lurking about the woods, or secreted 
in the house of some disaffected Can- 
adian, issued out a proclamation among 
the inhabitants, offering a reward of 
fifty guineas to any one that would bring 
Whitcomb, alive or dead, to the camp. 
A few days after this General Gordon 
died of his wound, in whose death we 
sincerely lamented the loss of a brave and 
experienced officer. When Whitcomb 
returned to Ticonderoga, and informed 
the General who commanded there, that 
although he could not take an officer 
prisoner, he believed he had mortally 
wounded one, the General expressed his 
disapprobation in the highest terms, and 
was so much displeased at the trans- 
action, that Whitcomb, in order to ef- 
fect a reconciliation, offered his service 
to go again, professing he would forfeit 
his life, if he did not return with a pris- 
oner." 

The American account as given by 
Wilkinson, Gates's aid, reflects much 
more strongly upon the perpetrator. 
Wilkinson calls him an assassin, inti- 
mates that he shot the British general 
in the hope of plunder, which is un- 
doubtedly incorrect, and closes his nar- 
rative of the affair in this wise — "This 
abominable outrage on the customs of 
war and the laws of humanity, produced 



a. See Appendix 3. 



Lieut, HadderCs yournaL 



narrowly escaped the same fate. The distance 
between St. Johns and Montreal, passing by Cham- 
blee, is about 30 Miles : on this Road the Army 
lay encamped or Canton'd, but there was a shorter 
route by La Prairie, and this tho. unguarded, was 
thought secure from the distance & panic of 
the Enemy, and Officers constantly travell'd it 
without escorts. The Rebels having information 
of this circumstance and wishing for intelligence, 
detached one Whttcomb, with four others to way 
lay this Road, and they succeeded but too well. 
Whitcomb shot Gen'l Gordon when he might have 
taken him Prisoner. The day following he seized 



a sensation of strong disgust in the army, 
and men of sensibility and honour did not 
conceal their abhorrence of its perpe- 
trator. Yet it was impossible, in the tem- 
per of the times, to bring him to punish- 
ment, without disaffecting the fighting 
men on that whole frontier. But if he 
could not be punished consistently with 
sound policy, yet his promotion to a 
majority the ensuing winter, not only 
sanctioned the murder but rewarded the 
murderer." 

Whitcomb's own report of his con- 
duct is to be found in the American 
Archives, 5 Series, Vol. I, 828, and is 
entitled "A journal of a Scout from 
Crown-Point, to St. John's, Chambly, 
&c., &c., by Lieutenant Benjamin Whit- 
comb and four men, as follows"; &c., 
&c. It covers the time from July 
14th, the day of his setting out, to Au- 
gust 6th, the day of his return. The 
journal for July 23d, 24th, and 25th, is 
as follows : "Twenty-third, early in the 
morning, I returned to my former place 
of abode, staid there the whole day, saw 



twenty three carts laden with barrels 
and tents going to St John's. Twenty- 
fourth, staid at the same place till about 
twelve o'clock, then fired on an officer, 
and moved immediately into Chambly 
road ; being discovered, retreated back 
into the woods and staid till night; 
then taking the road and passing the 
guards till I came below Chambly, find- 
ing myself discovered, was obliged to 
conceal myself in the brush till dark. The 
25th instant, on which I made my es- 
cape by the guards, I saw upwards of 
forty carts preparing to go to St. John's, 
and I judge there were lying at that place 
and on the road about one full regiment 
of Regulars." From Whitcomb's man- 
ner of writing it would seem that he 
was ignorant of the character of the 
officer he had shot, at the time of mak- 
ing the entry in his journal. 

Gen. Gordon died of his wounds Aug, 
I8t, and was buried at Montreal on the 
3d, with full military honors. [B. H. 
M. T. 6^. H. y. 45. K. M. 58. 
F. E. 29. F. B. 20.] 



6 



Lieut, H addends yournai. 



& carried off, the Qr. Master^ of the 29th Reg't 
and a Noncommissioned Officer, who knew 
nothing of the late accident. Whitcomb returned 
by the edge of Lake Champlain and got safe into 
Tyconderoga with his Prisoners tho. pursued by 
the Savages. 

A Flag of Truce arriving from the Rebels occa- 
sioned the following production. 



V, Alexander Saunders became the 
quarter-master of the 29th Foot, Sept. 
17, 1775, and an ensign Feb. 27, 1776. ^ 
The American Lieut. Whitcomb with 
two men disguised as countrymen, left 
Ticonderoga on a scout in August, 1776, 
and the following extract from his jour- 
nal for Sept. 13, and some subsequent 
days, refers to {Quarter-master Saunders. 
"13th, saw seventy-two Indians, armed, 
returning from St. yoAn's for Montreal. 
Before they were out of my sight, I saw 
two persons coming after them ; when 
they came against me, I found them to 
be the enemy; 1 immediately stepped out 
and told them they were my prisoners, 
and must immediately go to Ticonderoga 
and see General Gates. They asked me 
whether I was not a Canadian, as they 
were sure I was no soldier. I told them 
soldier or not, they must go with me ; 
and I immediately ordered them to march 
out of the road ; and they then offered 
me sums of money to let them go. I 
told them 1 would not for all the money 
King George was worth. We marched 
that night about eight miles. The 14th, 
marched about twelve miles; iSth, 
came to the place where the vessels lay 
when I left them, and found them gone, 
which surprised the prisoners very much, 
as we were just out of provisions, and we 
were greatly afraid of starving. I told 
them their fleet had most certainly taken 



ours or drove them off, with an intent to 
try them. They asked me the strength 
of our fleet ; I told them j they said it 
was impossible for them to drive us, that 
our fleet had not gone far. We marched 
about six miles, and came in sight of a 
fleet, to a river which we could not pass. 
The Indians frequently came there to 
view our vessels, and the ground being 
so wet in other places we were obliged to 
lie there that night, and sent off a man 
to the vessels, who arrived next day 
about ten o'clock with a batteau — he 
crossed the river on a small raft. i6th, 
we immediately went on board the bat- 
teau, and in about two hours got to the 
vessels." On the 21st they arrived at 
Ticonderoga. 2 Gen. Gates, in forwarding 
Lieut. Whitcomb's report to the presi- 
dent of congress under date of Sept. 30th, 
says ; "Your Excellency will find in the 
packet an extract of Lieutenant Whit- 
comb^s journal of his last scout to St 
John's. I have taken Ensign and Quar- 
ter-master Saunders's parole, and ordered 
him and his servant, the corporal, to 
Lancaster in Pennsfl-vania. I must now 
beg leave to recommend Lieutenant fVhit- 
comb as a very proper person to have 
the command of two independent com- 
panies of fifty men each, to be recruited 
by himself, and the officers to be com- 
missioned agreeable to his recommenda- 
tion. I never knew any man more 



Lieut. H add en's yournaL 7 

Orders by Gen'l Carlton. 
Head Quarters Quebec Augt. 4th, 1776. 

"The commanding Officers of Corps will take 
especial care that every one under their command 
be informed, that Letters, or messages from Rebels, 
Traitors in Arms against the King, Rioters, dis- 
turbers of the public Peace, Plunderers, Robbers, 
Assassins, or Murderers, are on no occasion to 
be admitted : That shou'd emmissaries from such 
lawless Men again presume to approach the 



capable of doing good service in the 
ranging or scouting way, than Lieutenant 
JVhitcomh ; and his sobriety, honour, and 
truth, illustrate his military talents. "3 

The British Ensign Anburey, in his 
Travels, under date of June 12th, 1777, 
gives Saunders' version of his experience 
as follows, the extract from Anburey 
being a continuation of that given in 
the sketch of Gen. Gordon. "He," 
(/. e. Whitcomb) "accordingly, with two 
other men, proceeded down Lake Cham- 
plain, in a canoe, to a small creek, where 
they secreted it, and repaired to the 
woods, to the same spot where Whit- 
comb had stationed himself before ; the 
two men lay concealed a little way in the 
wood, whilst he skulked about the bor- 
ders of it. The regiment of which our 

friend S is (Quarter-master, having 

occasion for some stores from Montreal, 
he was going from the camp at St. John's 
to procure them ; he was advised not to 
go this road, but by way of Chamblee, on 
account of the late accident, but you 
know him to be a man of great bravery 
and personal courage, joined with uncom- 
mon strength ; resolving not to go so 
many miles out of his road for any Whit- 



comb whatever, he jocosely added, that 
he should be very glad to meet with him, 
as he was sure he should get the reward ; 
in this, however, he was greatly mistaken, 
his reward being no other than that of being 
taken prisoner himself. Previous to his 
setting out he took every precaution, hav- 
ing not only loaded his fusee, but charged 
a brace of pistols; when he came near 
to the woods I have already described, 
he was very cautious, but in an instant, 
Whitcomb and the two men he had with 
him sprung from behind a thick bush, 
and seized him before he could make the 
least resistance ; they then took from 
him his fusee and pistols, tied his arms 
behind him with ropes, and blind-folded 
him. It was three days before they 
reached the canoe that had been con- 
cealed, during which time they had but 
very scanty fare ; a few hard biscuits 
served to allay hunger, while the fruit of 
the woods was a luxury ! When Whit- 
comb had marched him to such a dis- 
tance as he thought he could not make 
his escape, were he at liberty, through 
fear of losing himself, for the greater ease 
on his own part, and to facilitate their 
march, they untied his hands, and took 



8 



Lieut. Hadden^s yoiirnaL 



Army, whether under the name of Flag of Truce 
Men or Ambassadors except when they come to 
implore the King's mercy, their persons shall be 
immediately seized and committed to close con- 
finement to be proceeded against as the Law di- 
rects : Their Papers & Letters for whomsoever 
directed (even this Com'r in Chief ^^) are to be 
deliver'd to the Provost Martial, that unread and 
unopen'd they may be burnt by the hands of the 
common Hangman ; at the same time the Com'r 
in Chief expects, that, neither the assasination of 



the cloth from his eyes. Only picture to 
yourself what must have been his feelings, 
at seeing himself in the midst of a thick 
wood, surrounded by three desperate fel- 
lows, and uncertain as to their intentions ! 
At night, when they had partaken of their 
scanty pittance, two out of the three used 
to sleep, whilst the other kept watch. 
The first night he slept through fatigue; 
on the second, as you may naturally sup- 
pose, from his great anxiety of mind, he 
could not close his eyes, in the middle of 
which an opportunity occurred whereby he 
could have effected his escape, for the 
man whose watch it was, fell fast asleep. 
He has since told me how his mind wa- 
vered for a length of time, what measures 
to pursue ; he could not bear the idea of 
putting them to death, though justified 
by the rules of war: if he escaped from 
them, they might in all probability re- 
take and ill-treat him. The great haz- 
ard of all, which determined him to abide 
by his fate, was, that by being so many 
miles in a tract of wood, where he could 
not tell what direction to take (having 
been blind-folded when he entered it) he 
might possibly wander up and down till 
he perished with hunger. In this restless 
state, he remained till day-break, when 
they resumed their march, and in the 



evening came to the creek where the 
canoe was concealed; they then secured 
him again, put him in the canoe, and 
proceeded up the lake to Ticonderoga, 
where they arrived early the next morn- 
ing. When they landed him he was 
again blind-folded, that he might not see 
their works, and thus conducted to the 
General, whose only motive for endeav- 
ouring to get an officer was, either by 
threats or intreaties, to gain information 
relative to our army. In this, however, 
he was greatly disappointed, and as he 
could not obtain the least intelligence 
from our friend, he ordered him as 
prisoner of war upon his parole, to some 
of the interior towns, from which place, 
as I informed you in my last, he is just 
returned, as hearty and well as ever. "4 

Ensign Saunders was promoted to be 
lieutenant. May lo, 1781, and captain, 
Aug. 25, 1790. He appears as quarter- 
master for the last time in the Army List 
of 1792, and his name appears in the 
Army Lists for the last time in 1794.' 
[IB. H. aj. 482. 3 J. 615. 40. 
258-263.] 

•w. Sir Wm. Howe was Com'r in 
Chief to the Southward of Canada. 
\_Haddcni Note.'\ 



Lieut, HadderCs yournaL 9 

Brig'r Gen'l Gordon, nor the late notorious 
breach of Faith in resolving not to return the 
Troops & Canadians taken at St John's in ex- 
change for Rebels who fell into the hands of the 
Savages at the Cedres and ^inchen^ purchased 
from them at a great price and returned on the 
express conditions, be imputed to the Provinces 
at large but to a few wretched and designing Men 
who first deceived, then led the credulous Multi- 
tude to the brink of Ruin ; afterwards usurp'd 
authority over them & established a despotic 
Tyranny by the general destruction of their 
Country. Let their crimes pursue these faith- 
less bloody minded, who assert that black is white, 
and white black ; it belongs to Britons- to distin- 
guish themselves not less by their humanity than 
their Valour. It belongs to the Kings Troops to 
save the blood of his deluded subjects whose 
greatest fault perhaps is having been deceived by 
such Men, to their own destruction : It belongs 
to the Crown, and it is the duty of all faithful 
Servants of the Crown to rescue from oppression 
and restore to liberty the once happy. Free and 
Loyal People of this Continent, 

All Prisoners from the Rebellious Provinces who 
chuse to return home are to hold themselves in 

*•. The reader is referred to the sketch some of the prisoners taken at the Cedars 

of Major Forster, to be found later on, were butchered by the savage allies of the 

for some description of the affair at the British. The reference in the text is, 

Cedars. 2"'"*^*^^"» ^ corruption of the practically, to but one affair, and that is 

French ^inze Chiens, was a place where to the Cedars. 



lo Liieut. Hadden's yournal. 

readiness to be embarked at a short notice ; Mr 
Commissary Murray.'/ shall visit the Transports 
destined for them and see that wholesome Provis- 
ions, necessary Cloathing with all possible conve- 
niences for their passage be prepared for those un- 
fortunate Men; they are to look on their respective 
provinces as their Prison, and there remain 'till 
further enlarged or summon'd to appear before the 
Commander in Chief of this Province or any other 
Com'r in Chief for the time being, which sum- 
mons they shall obey; Gen'l Howe^ will regulate 
their place of landing. These Orders to be read 
by a Non commissioned Officer to every Com- 
pany three different days, 

(Signed) Edw'd Foy «« 

Dep'y Adj. General. 

^ebec is the capital of Canada a very strong 
tho. miserable looking place when in it. Sailing 
towards it, it has a very beautitul appearance. It 
is divided into an upper & lower Town, the pas- 

y. Commissary Murray, it is pre- in the Saratoga Convention, his name ap- 

sumed, was Lieut. James Murray, who pearing on the Cambridge parole. He was 

was quarter-master of the 9th Foot. He promoted to be a captain March 31, 1787, 

became quarter master of the 9th, Jan. and he appears on active service for the 

18, 1770, and so continued till 1783, or last time in the List of 1789, when he 

early in 1784. He became an ensign in exchanged into the 94th Foot on half 

that regiment Sept. 26, 1772, and a lieu- pay. He never re-entered active service, 

tenant March 2, 1776. He accompanied and he appears on the Army Lists for 

his regiment to Canada in the spring of the last time in 1819. [ B. H. G. 

1776, where he served the remainder of V. 175.] 
that year; and he participated in Bur- 

goyne's campaign the next year. He was 2. See Appendix 4 

wounded in Lieut. Col. Hill's attack on 
Fort Ann, July 9, 1777, and was included aa. See Appendix 5. 



Lieut. HadderCs yournal. 1 1 

sage from one to the other is very steep, and be- 
ing unpaved is dirty in wet weather and slippery 
in Frosty : at the time I saw it many of the 
Houses in the lower Town (which lays at the 
waters edge) were burnt. In the upper Town, 
there is a Bishop's Palace^ House for the Governor, 
Barracks for Regiments, and some Convents of 
Nuns & Friars. The defences of the upper 
Town are seperated from those of the lower. 
Like most other American Town's, this is situate 
on a point of Land between the St Lawrence and 
Charles Rivers. these secure its Flanks and 
make an attack only possible towards the Country, 
on the Plains of Abraham, a little above which 
Gen'l Wolfe 'anded last War, and the French 
chose rather to risque a Battle than quietly give 
him possession of those heights, he was killed 
but the Army proved victorious, and the Gar- 
rison surrendered soon after. Batteries may be 
erected on Point Levi the opposite head land, 
the St Lawrence being here about looo yds. 
wide, and the two banks are nearly of a height, 
a numerous Garrison wou'd probably occupy both 
places, as otherwise they cou'd not effectualy 
secure the Shipping. 

The Falls of Montmorency are within a few 
Miles of Quebec & seen from it. Trois Rivieres 
so called from three Rivers meeting at that place, 
is but a Village containing about loo Houses & 
a place of no Trade. As ^ebec receives and for- 



12 Lieut, Haddens yournal. 

wards up the Country all European produce, so, 
Montreal, the second Town in the Province, and 
1 80 Miles above ^ebec, receives all the Furs &c. 
coming from the Indian Country thro, the upper 
Lakes, from whence it is sent to Quebec or for- 
warded to the European Markets, most of the 
Indian Traders reside here, and the Congress's of 
Savages are usually held in this Place. 

The Town of Montreal is built on an Island of 
that name 15 Miles long & about 9 Broad, very 
fertile and more highly cultivated than any other 
part of Canada : The Town contains several 
Convents and about 700 Houses, including the 
three suburbs, it is secured on one side by the 
River St Lawrence, and all around the Town is a 
Ditch defended by a Wall which can only repel 
a sudden attack being commanded in many places 
and every where liable to enfilade. There is a 
Citadel of more moddern work, and in the Town, 
near to it Barracks for about 1000 Men. The 
Situation is pleasant and healthy. The Water is 
uncommonly deep near the Town, and the Navi- 
gation only interrupted by a strong current, how- 
ever. Vessels of 300 Ton come up and with a 
good Wind make way against the current. 

As a proof of the Fertility of the Soil, the 
People throw all their dung on the Ice in order 
that it may float away when the Winter breaks up. 

I was present at a Congress of Savages held 
here. The Men are in general tall, active & 



Lieut, Haddens Journal. 1 3 

well made, qualifactions absolutely necessary for 
a Race of Hunters : a small Tuft of Hair is left 
on the back part of their Heads, To which they 
fasten & wear a feather for every Scalp taken in 
War, the rest being pluckt out as soon as they 
are of an Age to go to War, during this operation 
the young Hero sings a War Song : Their Ears 
are slit and they wear a number of small Rings 
round their seperated Gristle, they also wear mock 
jewels &c. by way oi Ear Rings, and the Gristle 
of the Nose being bored serves to support a small 
kind of Silver Bob & Ring. When prepared for 
War they paint themselves with Vermilion & 
other colours. Their dress is a Blanket and Arse 
Clout, or covering for the Privities ; at great 
War Dances they are sometimes totaly Naked, 
at the end of the Penis the head & Neck of some 
handsome bird is fasten'd, the Nation of Fox In- 
dians were thus equiped on the present occasion, 
and some others had their Bodies painted in 
Stripes of different coulours. The Women wear 
no ornaments except to their Blankets, Leggings 

or Maugisons, all their Hair except on the 

is suffered to grow unmolested and tied in a kind 
of long Club, with pieces of Red or Blue Cloth : 
The sprouts on a certain part are carefully pulled 
out with what is called an Indian Razor. This 
resembles a cork Screw except in having many 
more turns ; and being made of wire when com- 
pressed together lays hold of the devoted Hairs, 



14 Lieut. Haddens yournal, 

and being suddenly pulled off from the part car- 
ries them with it. The Men get rid of their 
Beards & all other superfluous Hair in this way. 
It is to be remarked that the natural inhabitants 
of the Southern parts of America and indeed 
all over it have few hairs except those on the 
Head. Their complexions are swarthy, and their 
Hair very coarse & black. They (particularly the 
Women) cover themselves with greese as a de- 
fence against ye Mousqueeto's & other Flies, this 
makes them far from tempting and we are there- 
fore not surprised to see their Women employed 
in all Laborious occupations (even carrying their 
Provisions) except Hunting, The Barter with 
them is Blankets Cloth, Rum and Trinkets, these 
go up in Canoes which return loaded with Furs 
of various kinds. The Savages are immoderately 
fond of Sptrrits, of this the Traders make their 
advantage, tho' sometimes in a state of intoxica- 
tion the whole is seized and the unhappy Traders 
scalped. If the Indians have any Religion 'tis 
Roman Catholic and in many Towns a Priest of 
that persuasion lives with them. All the Inter- 
preters are of that Religion ; This might prove 
bad policy in case of a French attack. 

The Indians are cunning and Treacherous, 
more remarkable for rapid marches and sudden 
attacks than Courage. I heard Gen'l BurgoynC'*^ 

ab. See Appendix 6. 



Lieut. Hadden^s yournaL 15 

declare that a Thousand Savages brought into 
the Field cost more than 20.000 Men. The 
Presents to them are usualy Silver Bracelets, Gold 
laced Hats, & Coats, Feathers, Paints, Arms of 
various sorts &c, in all of which both Govern- 
ment and the Indians are much cheated by the 
Traders who on these occasions are Interpreters. 
The Time of amusing them with Tinsel & such 
Baubles is over they want useful or valuable 
Trinkets, and will always point to the Broach in 
their Shirt (a present some of the Nations occa- 
sionally use) that being Silver & of intrinsic value. 

Their Arms are a Wooden Ball fixed to a 
handle, a Tommy hawk or hand hatchet, and a 
Scalping Knife. Those employed in our Service 
had a kind of light Musquet which they use 
very skilfully. 

I shall conclude remarking that the most mis- 
chievous and treacherous Nations are those who 
are nearest & mix most with the Europeans ; they 
acquire only our Vices & retain their ferocity. 

The Navy were employed in attempts to carry 
Flat-bottom'd Vessels from Chamblee to St Johns, 
there to be launched for the expedition across 
Lake Champlain. They did not however succeed, 
and therefore Transported the Vessels in Pieces, 
& Batteaux's only were sent on Carriages. 

During this time the Rebels with a Brigg they 
had taken from St. Johns, and Five other Vessels 



1 6 Lieut, Hadden's Journal. 

advanced to Point Au Fer, in Lake Champlain 
but returned without attempting anything. 

About the 5th of October everything being 
ready, a Fleet consisting of One Ship, Two 
Schooners, One Radeau «c, One Gondolas, and 22 
Gun Boats, proceeded from St. Johns, up the Sorel 
River, to the entrance of Lake Champlain, at the 
Isle Aux Noix 1 5 Miles from St. Johns. They took 
in their Guns there being in many parts only 8 or 
9 Feet water between those places. Isle Aux 
Noix is about a Mile in Length and 5 hundred 
Yds wide, very defensible, rising in the middle 
and being marshy near the water on both sides 
& ends ; indeed on the Sorel side the opposite 
shore (about 600 yds) Batteries might be errected 
and of course greatly facilitate the reduction of 
the Island, which is the Frontier of Canada on 
that side, and prevents the passage of Shipping 
&c. to attack St. Johns the Frontier on the Con- 
tinent. Works were thrown up here, a Depot 
of Provisions made & a Garrison left to secure it. 
The Fleet proceeded to Point Au Per 18 Miles, 
leaving the Army encamped at River La Cole 9 
Miles short of it on the Eastern ^'^ shore of the 

ac. "The Thunderer (a radeau), of it was a powerful and effective craft." 

14 heavy guns The Radeau was [N. 440.] 

an unique structure which is often men- 
tioned in the naval annals of the northern ad. The river la CoUe, or la Cole as 
lakes. It was scarcely more than a raft Hadden calls it, is on the western and 
or floating battery, but constructed with not on the eastern shore of the lake, 
great solidity and strength. It was pro- Hadden seemed to think he was going 
tected only by low and slight bulwarks, north instead of south, as he more than 
but armed with the heaviest ordnance; once calls the west the east shore. 



Lieut. Madden s yournal. 17 



Lake. There was also a post taken at point Au 
Fer, a Block House errected and four Companies 
left to defend it. The 10th Oct'r the Fleet pro- 
ceeded to the Southern end of Isle au Mot on the 
Eastern side of Lake Champlain, which after- 
wards widens very considerably, to about i 2 or 
15 Miles in many places. The iith Oct'r the 
Army arrived at Point Au Fer under Gen'l Bur- 
goyne, and early in the morning the Fleet pro- 
ceeded under Gen'l Carlton «« & Captain Prin- 
gle *\f of the Navy. 



ae. See Appendix 7. 

af. Thomas Pringle came from an 
old Scotch family, many of whose mem- 
bers attained high and honorable posi- 
tions. He was a great-grandson of Sir 
Robert Pringle, Bart., of the house of 
Stitchel, and the only son of Walter 
Pringle, an eminent West India merchant 
and planter in St. Kitt's, who married a 
Miss Liderdale.' 

Mention of Thomas Pringle in con- 
nection with the British navy is first 
found as commander of the armed ship 
Lord Howe, in Sept., 1776. '^ Later in 
that month the British squadron on Lake 
Champlain was put under his command, 
and he took the Maria, of 14 guns, as his 
flag-ship. He svas ready to sail about Oct. 
1st ; and Oct. I ith-i 3th he signally de- 
feated the American fleet under Benedict 
Arnold, capturing or destroying a num- 
ber of vessels, and forcing the remainder 
to take refuge under the guns of Crown 
Point. 3 Towards the middle of Novem- 
ber he sailed for Europe as the bearer of 
despatches-*, and he became a post-captain 
Nov. 25, 1776.5 In the following Jan- 
uary, when the Ariadne, a new ship of 
ao guns, was put in commission at Chat- 
ham, Capt. Pringle was assigned to com- 



mand hei*, and the next month he sailed 
to join the fleet of observation.? A little 
later he proceeded with the convoy for 
Portugal and Gibraltar^, and then joined 
the West India fleet. During this year the 
Ariadne captured two American armed 
vessels, the St. Peter, of 26 guns, and the 
Gen. Washington, of 18 guns.' On the 
9th of March, 1778, Capt. Pringle in the 
Ariadne, together with the Ceres, of 18 
guns, under Capt. Dacres, engaged and 
captured the American cruiser Alfred, of 
20 nine-pounders, and 108 men. The 
Alfred's consort, the Raleigh, of 32 guns, 
abandoned the Alfred without a shot and 
made good her escape.'" Throughout 
this year the Ariadne was attached to 
Admiral Young's, afterwards Rear- 
Admiral Barrington's fleet at the Lee- 
ward Islands, where she took many 
prizes, among them the Moskets, John 
Harris, commander, of 98 tons and 74 
men, belonging to Virginia; the 
Marangoin, John Welsh, command- 
er, of 70 tons and 50 men, like- 
wise of Virginia ; and the Johnstone, 
Charles Strachehen and Thomas Wil- 
liams, commanders, of 60 tons and 
30 men — "a piratical armed vessel;" 
besides driving two American privateers 
on shore at the island of Guadaloupe.'' 



i8 



Lieut, Haddeii's yoii7'nal. 



A large Detachment of Savages under Major 



Capt. Pringle's most important service 
during this year, however, was in captur- 
ing a French frigate, of 28 guns and 248 
men, which he tooii twenty-four leagues 
to the north of Jamaica, after an engage- 
ment of an hour and a half. The 
Frenchman had 24 men killed and 47 
wounded, her bowsprit carried away by 
the first broadside, and her fore and miz- 
zen masts shot away by the board. The 
Ariadne had 8 men killed and 16 
wounded, and the lieutenant of Marines 
slightly wounded in the foot.'^ Capt. 
Pringle aho bore a part in the naval en- 
gagement of Dec. 15, 1778, when Count 
D'Estaing's French fleet twice unsuc- 
cessfully attacked Rear-Admiral Barring- 
ton. '3 The Mriadne continued to form 
a part of the West India fleet in 1779, 
then under the command of the Hon. 
John Byron, vice-admiral of the Blue ; 
and in the sea fight off Grenada with the 
French fleet under the Count D'Estaing 
July 6th, Capt. Pringle participated, his 
vessel being in the Center Division.''' In 
July, 1780, he was appointed to the com- 
mand of the Daedalus, a new ship of 32 
guns, then fitting for sea at Liverpool. '5 
In this vessel he sailed for North America 
and formed part of Vice-Admiral Ar- 
buthnot's fltet in 1781'*, and of Admiral 
Digby's fleet in 1782, returning to Eng- 
land at the close of that, or the beginning 
of the following year. 

Capt. Pringle was a member of the 
court-martial to try the mutineers on 
board the Raisonable at Chatham in the 
spring of 1783'? j and then all trace of 
him is lost till 1790, when he was cap- 
tain of the Royal George, of 100 guns, 
then Admiral Harrington's flag ship.'^ 
April I, 1794, he was commissioned as 
colonel of his Majesty's Marine Forces'^j 
and in the naval operations ot the Chan- 
nel fleet under Lord Howe, which culmi- 
nated on the 1st of June, 1794, in a bril- 
liant victory over the French fleet under 



Admiral Villaret off Ushant, he bore a 
distinguished part, for which he received 
a medal, being then in command of the 
Valiant, of 74 guns =° June 4th of this 
year he was made a rear-admiral of the 
Blue=', and June i, 1795, a rear-admiral 
of the Red", about which time he had his 
flag in the North Sea.=° In May, 1796, 
Rear-Admiral Pringle sailed to take 
command at the Cape of Good Hope, 
and in October of the following year his 
fleet broke into acts of m.utiny while ly- 
ing at anchor in Table Bay. The trouble 
originated on board the flag-ship Tremen- 
dous, of 74 guns, by the crew's rising 
upon and confining the officers and threat- 
ening to try Capt. Stephens by a court- 
martial composed of seamen and dele- 
gates, on charges of cruelty and misconduct 
as their captain. In the first instance 
the mutiny was quickly suppressed, and 
a free pardon granted, but, a little later, 
upon one of the crew of the Tremendous 
being ordered into confinement for a 
month for drunkenness, it bro.ke out 
anew. The crew showed great indig- 
nation at this sentence, and rose again in 
open mutiny. A council was held on 
shore, at which the governor. Lord M' 
Cartney, Gen. Dundas, and Admiral 
Pringle were present, and it was resolved 
to use force and the most decisive meas- 
ures to reduce the mutineers to obedience, 
and punish the ring leaders. All the 
batteries were manned, and furnaces were 
prepared for firing hot shot. One hun- 
dred pieces of cannon were pointed at the 
Tremendous, and every thing being ready 
to begin the attack, a proclamation was 
issued at seven o'clock in the morning, 
and two hours were allowed to the crew 
to determine whether they would submit. 
Ten minutes before the expiration of 
the time, finding they had no alter- 
native but to be sunk or surrender, they 
hoisted the signal of submission. The 
delegates were given up, some of whom 



Lieut, Hadden's yournaL 19 



Carlton ^'J also moved with the Fleet in their 
Canoes, which were very regularly ranged. 
These Canoes are made of the Birch Bark^ and 
some of them brought 1500 Miles down the 



were hanged, and others flogged through 
the fleet, and perfect good order was 
speedily restored. ="3 

Feb. 14, 1799, Rear- Admiral Pringle 
was promoted to be a vice-admiral of the 
White, .ind Jan. i, 1 801, to be a vice-ad- 
miral of the Red.^* He died at Edinburgh 
Dec. 8, 1803.^5 [I I. Zi. App. 191 et 
post. = A. Q. 145 : G. V. no. 3 M. 
F. 270-272: K. F. 220, 221. ■• K. 
M. 83. s A. T. 47. 6H. G. 106. 
7H. G. 202. 8H.G. 406. 9H. I. 186. 
'°M. H. 274. "M. H. 140. '=H. J. 
458. '3H. K. 286. "t A. R. 160. note 
127. '5H N. 58. i« A. R. 270, note 
•7 A. R. 418, note 338. '^ J. X. 
68*. -OK. Z. 253: A. 357 et 
" Y. "Z. 67.* ==3B. G. 42, 



219, 

19 Y 
post. 



169,170. =■» A. A.: A. B.: E.G. 1193.] 

ag. Thomas Carleton was a younger 
orother of Sir Guy Carleton, Lord Dor- 
chester, being the fourth son of Christo- 
pher and Catherine (Ball) Carleton, of 
Newry, Ireland.' He was born in 1732', 
and like his elder brothers entered the 
army ; his first commission, that of en- 
sign in the 20th Foot, bearing date Feb. 
12, 1755. He was promoted to be a 
lieutenant, Dec. 27, 1755 , adjutant, Feb. 
26,1756; and a captain, Aug. 27, 1759. 
He became a major in the army, July 
23, 17723; accompanied his regiment to 
Canada in the spring of 1776 ; and on the 
8th of May, in that year, was appointed 
quarter-master general of the army in 
that province* Major Carleton became 
a lieut. -colonel in the army, July 31, 
1776; and the lieut. -colonel of the 29th 
Foot on the 2d of the following August. 3 
For a characteristic anecdote of this 
officer see Anburey's Travels in America, 
Vol. I, p. 183. During the pursuit of 



the Americans in the autumn of 1776, 
Lieut. -Col. Carleton seems, from Hadden, 
to have been in the advance, and to 
have had command of the Indians. He 
accompanied Burgoyne on his expedition 
in 1777, but returned to Canada in 
August, as Sir Guy Carleton required the 
services of his quarter-master general in 
making up his accounts preparatory to 
his being relieved, as he was then ex- 
pecting his successor at an early day. 5 

Campbell, in his Annals of Tryon 
County, says, — " In the spring of 1778 
Lafayette was stationed at Albany ; in 
March he went up to Johnstown, from 
which place he wrote Col. Gansevoort a 
letter, dated March 6th, 1778. This 
letter was enclose! in a letter from Col. 
Livingston of the same date, of which 
the following is an extract : 

" ' Enclosed you have a letter from Major 
Gen. Marquess De Lafayette, relative to 
Col. Carleton, nephew to Gen. Carleton, 
who has for sometime been in this part 
of the country as a spy. The general 
apprehends he has taken his route by 
way of Oswego, and begs you'll send out 
such parties as you may judge necessary 
for apprehending him.' 

" The following is the letter of La- 
fayette : — 

" ' Sir : As the taking of Col. Carleton 
is of the greatest importance, I wish you 
would try every means in your power to 
have him apprehended. I have desired 
Col. Livingston, who knows him, to let 
you have any intelligence he can give, 
and join to them those I have got by a 
tory about the dress and figure of 
Carleton. You may send as many 
parties as you please, and everywhere 
you'll think proper, and do every con- 
venient thing for discovering him. I 



20 Lieut. Haddens yournai. 



30 
the 



Country, several of which wou'd contain 
People. The Savages paddle them across 
Lakes & down the Rivers with great dexterity, 
and being very light they are carried across any 



dare say he knows that we are after him, 
ind has nothing in view but to escape, 
which I beg you to prevent by all means. 
You may promise, in my name, fifty 
guineas hard money, besides all money, 
&c., they can find about Carleton, to 
any party of soldiers or Indians who will 
bring him alive. As every one knows 
now what we send for, there is no incon- 
venience to scatter them in the country, 
which reward is promised in order to 
stimulate the Indians. 

" I have the honour to be, Sir, 
" Your most obedient servant, 
"The Marquis De Laf.wette.' 

" Col. Carleton was not apprehended." 

Col. Livingston was undoubtedly mis- 
taken in calling the officer referred to, a 
nephew of Gen. Carleton, as Christopher 
Carleton, the General's nephew, was 
only a major at this time. 

Mr. F. B. Hough, in referring to the 
above incident in the Northern Invasion 
of October, 17S0, it seems to us, like- 
wise confuses Thomas Carleton with 
Christopher Carleton when he says. — 
" Although mentioned under a different 
rank we conjecture that he was the 
same officer that led the expedition by 
way of Lake Champlain in the autumn 
of 1780." As Thomas Carleton was a 
ieutenant-coloncl at that time, and Chris- 
topher a major, and both were in Canada 
and belonged to the same regiment, it is 
quite unnecessary to conjecture that, when 
Col. Carleton is mentioned, Major Carle- 
ton is intended. 

In 1778 Lieut. -Col. Carleton had com- 
mand at Montreal; and he continued to 
serve in Canada till Sept. 22, 178a, when 
he obtained Sir Frederick Haldimand's 
permission to go to New York, where Sir 



Guy Carleton was serving as commander 
In chief of the British forces in America.* 

When the new province of New 
Brunswick (so called out of compliment 
to the reigning family of England) was 
created in 1784, Lieut. -Col. Carleton 
was appointed its first governor, and he 
arrived at St. John's, the seat of his new 
government, on the 21st of November in 
that year.^ Col. Thomas Dundas, who, as 
a member of the Board of Commissioners 
for deciding upon the claims of the 
American Loyalists, was engaged in in- 
vestigating some of the details on the 
spot, in writing about the country to the 
Earl Cornwallis from St. John's, N. B. 
under date of Dec. 28, 1786, savs : — 
" Mr. Carleton, by his own attention 
and firmness, assisted by a well chosen 
council, has established good govern- 
ment. "- 

On the 2d of May, 1 78 3, Lieut.-Col. 
Carleton married Harriet, daughter of 

Van Horn of New York, and 

widow of Capt. Edward Foy of the 
Royal Artillery, by whom he had issue 
a son, William, and two daughters'.*" 

He became lieut.-col. of the 5th Foot 
Sept. 26, 1788; a major general, Oct. 
12, 1793; colonel commandant of the 
2d Battalion of the 60th, or Royal 
American Regiment, Aug. 6, 1794; a 
lieut.-general, Jan. i, 1798; and a 
general, Sept. 25, 1803.3 He died Feb. 
2, 1817, aged 85 years. 9 

As this officer is often confused with 
his nephew, Christopher Carleton, some 
notice of the latter, in this connection, 
may not be amiss. 

Christopher Carleton was a nephew of 
Sir Guy Carleton. being the son of Sir 
Guy's eldest brother, William, a captain 



Lieut. Haddens JournaL 21 



breaks in the Water communication ; they land 
every Night most of which they dance and Sing: 
In wet weather they prop up one side & lay un- 
der the Canoe. 



in the i8th, or Royal Irish Regiment of 
Foot, wno, with his wife, the mother 
of Christopher, was drowned at sea 
about the year 1753.'° Christopher 
Carleton was born at Newcastle upon 
Tyne, in 1749, and entered the British 
army as an ensign, Dec. 12, 1761 ; but 
the Army Lists do not inform us to 
what regiment he was attached prior to 
Feb. 12, 1762, when he was com- 
missoned as an ensign in the 31st Foot. 
In that corps he was promoted to be 
lieutenant, July 29, 1763 ; captain-lieu- 
tenant, Dec. 25, 1770; captain. May 25, 
1772; and major of th« 29th Foot, Sept. 
13, 1777.3 He accompanied th« 31st 
to America in the spring of 1776, was 
appointed an aid de camp on the staff of 
Sir Guy Carleton, May nth of thst 
year*, and served in Canada and on the 
northern frontier during the remainder 
of the Revolutionary war. When the 
British invaded the northern frontier of 
New York in October, 1780, Major 
Carleton had command of the force 
which crossed Champlain, and which 
consisted of about 1,000 men, regulars, 
Loyalists and Indians. He proceeded up 
the lake from St. John'* with a fleet of 
eight vessels and twenty-six boats, and 
having landed in South Bay, suddenly 
appeared before Fort Ann on the loth 
of October, and demanded its surrender; 
to which demand the garrison acceded, 
as it consisted of only 75 men, officers 
included, with but a scanty supply of 
ammunition. This fort, which was only 
a block house rudely built of logs and 
enclosed by a stockade was burned ; and 
marauding parties were sent out, who 
burnt and destroyed portions of the settle- 
ments of Kingsbury, Queensbury and 
Fort Edward. Major Carleton appeared 
before Fort George on the nth, though 



not without some loss from the fire of 
the garrison ; but as this post was not 
in condition for vigorous resistance, or a 
protracted siege, and no relief being in 
prospect, it speedily surrendered." 

Gen. Haldimand, the governor general 
oi Canada, in writing to Lord George 
Germaine about this expedition, under 
date of Oct. 25, 1780, says: — "Major 
Carleton, who has, as well as his detach- 
ment, shown great zeal and activity in 
this affair, having fully answered the 
purposes for which he is sent, is returned 
to Crown Point, where he is to remain 
as long as the season will permit the 
vessels to navigate the lake, in order to 
draw the attention of the enemy."" 
Major Carleton was charged with cruelty 
on this expedition by the American Col. 
Gansevoort, an accusation which was 
vigorously denied, and the correspondence 
relating thereto can be found in Stone's 
Life of Brant, Vol. II, p. 133 et foit. 

Major Carleton became a lieutenant- 
colonel in the army Feb. 19, 1783 ; and 
he died at Quebec, Thursday night, June 
14, 1787.'^ For the last eleven years of 
his life he served in Canada with an 
occasional visit only to England, and he 
returned to Quebec for the last time from 
one of these visits Oct. 18, 1786, in the 
ship Carleton, accompanied by his wife. 
Lady Anne Carleton, who was the second 
daughter of the second Earl of Effingham, 
and an eider sister of the wife of Sir Guy 
Carleton, and who, after the death of 
her husband, returned to England in the 
ship London, sailing from Qu^ebec, July 
II, i788.'o.''» ['B. R. »C. U. 291 note. 
3B. H. IF. E. I. 5F. B. 629, 666. 
«F. L. 163: F. E. 203. 'L. R. 329. 
8C. D. 113. »E. M. 187. -"C. D. 
112. "G. K. "H. O. 25. -'J. T. 
■^J. S.: J. v.] 



2 2 Lieut, Hadden's 'Journal, 

About 1 1 o'clock this morning One of the 
Enemies Vessels was discover'd, and immediately 
pursued into a Bay on the Eastern «^^ shore of the 
Lake, where the rest of their Fleet was found at 
an Anchor in ye form of a Crescent, between 
Valcour Island and the Continent. Their Fleet 
consisted of 3 Row Gallies, 2 Schooners, 2 Sloops, 
and 8 Gondolas, carrying in all 90 Guns. That 
of the British carried only 87 Pieces of Ordnance 
including 8 Howitzers. The pursuit of this 
Vessel was without order or regularity, the wind 
being fair to go down «^' the Lake enabled us to 
overtake the Vessel before she cou'd (by Tacks) 
get in to the rest of their Fleet ; but lost to us 
the opportunity of going in at the upper end of 
the /j-/^«^ and attacking the whole at once. The 
Vessel which proved to be the Royal Savage 
taken by them from St. John's last year, carrying 
14 Guns, was run on shore and most of the Men 
escaped on to Valcour Island, in effecting which 
they were fired upon by the Gun Boats, this firing 
at one object drew us all in a cluster and four of 
the Enemies Vessels getting under weigh to sup- 
port the Royal Savage fired upon the Boats with 
success. An order was therefore given by the 

ah. This clearly is a clerical error as Lake Champlain, unlike the Hudson 

Valcour Bay is on the west, and not on river which is so near it, running from 

the east shore of the lake, and in that south to north and emptying' into the 

way Hadden, in his map, correctly river St. Lawrence. We have already 

delineates it. seen from his calling the west shore the 

east, that he had confused the points of 

ai. Hadden means up and not down the compass, 
the lake, as the context clearly shows ; 



Lieut. Hadden's Journal, 23 

Commanding Officer for the Boats to form 
across the Bay : this was soon effected tho' 
under the Enemies whole fire and unsupported, 
all the King's Vessels having dropped too far 
to Leeward. This unequal combat was main- 
tained for two Hours without any aid, when the 
Carlton Schooner of 14 Guns 6 Prs got into the 
Bay and immediately received the Enemies whole 
fire which was continued without intermission 
for about an hour, when the Boats of the Fleet 
towed her off, and left the Gun Boats to maintain 
the conflict, this was done 'till the Boats had ex- 
pended their Ammunition when they were with- 
drawn, having sunk one of the Enemies Gondolas, 
(Killed or Wounded Seventy Men) and consider- 
ably dammaged others. Being small objects the 
loss in the Gun Boats was inconsiderable, 20 
Meny (a German Gun Boat blown up). Each Gun 
Boat carried i Gun in the Bow (or Howitzer) 7 
Artillery Men, and 1 i Seamen, the whole under 
an Artillery officer. It was found that the Boat's 
advantage was not to come nearer than about 700 
yards, as whenever they approached nearer, they 
were greatly annoyed by Grape Shot, tho' their 
Case could do little mischief. Each Boat had 
80 Rounds of Ammunition, 30 of which were 
Case Shot, & cou'd not be used with effect. The 
Boats were now form'd between the Vessels of 
the British Fleet, just without the Enemies Shot; 
being withdrawn a little before Sunset & the 



cl^fe 







24 Lieut, Hadden's yournal. 

Royal Savage blown up : this last was an unnec- 
essary measure as she might at a more leisure 
moment have been got off, or at all events her 
stores saved, and in her present position no use 
cou'd be made of her by the Enemy, Night com- 
ing on & a determination to make a general 
attack early next morning. The Rebels having 
no land Force, the Savage's took post on the 
Main & Valcour Island^ thus being upon both 
Flanks they were able to annoy them in the 
working of their Guns, this had the effect of now 
& then obliging the Rebels to turn a Gun that 
way, which danger the Savages avoided by get- 
ting behind trees. The Boats having received a 
small supply of Ammunition were unaccountably 
order'd to Anchor under cover of a small Island 
without the opening of the Bay. 

The Enemy finding their force diminish'd and 
the rest so severely handled by little more than \ 
the British Fleet determin'd to withdraw towards 
Crown Pointy and passing thro, our Fleet about lo 
o'clock at Night effected it undiscover'd ; this, 
the former position of the Gun Boats wou'd 
probably have prevented. All the Enemies Ves- 
sels used Oars & on this occasion they were muffied. 
This retreat did great honor to Geni Arr.old ^i, 

aj . Benedict Arnold's career is so Some question has been raised as to the 

familiar to American readers that refer- course Arnold's fleet took on the retreat 

ence will be made only to two or three from Valcour Bay. Notwithstanding 

points about which historians are not Gen. Waterbury's very explicit statemen 

agreed. that "we immediately held council to 



Lieut, Hadden s Journal, 25 



who acted as Admiral to the Rebel Fleet on this 
occasion; The wind changing prevented the suc- 
cess of his attempt and making but little way in 



secure a retreat through their fleet, to get 
to Crown Point, which was done with so 
much secrecy that we went through theni 
entirely undiscovered," Mr WInslow C. 
Watson, in an article entitled "Naval 
Campaign on Lake Champlain in 1776," 
printed in the Amtrkan Hiitorical Re- 
cord for November, 1874, p. 502, and 
again in an article entitled "Arnold's Re- 
treat after the Battle of Valcour," printed 
in the jVIagazire of American History, 
Vol. VI, p. 414 [June, 1881,] contends 
that Arnold's fleet escaped by rounding 
the northerly end of Valcour Island j 
thus evading the enemy's fleet, and not 
passing through it at all. 

Palmer's History of Lake Champlain, p. 
129, likewise says, — "At seven o'clock 
in the evening Colonel Wigglesworth got 
the Trumbull under way, and bearing 
around the north end of Valcour, directed 
his course towards the upper end of the 
lake, passing outside of the British line." 

Hadden, in the text, like Waterbury, 
uses the word through^ which would or- 
dinarily seem to be explicit enough to 
avoid misapprehension, and he has fortu- 
nately left a drawing showing the position 
of the British ships and gunboats, and 
giving tiie course of the American fleet. 
His drawing and his explanation of the 
circumstances that made the escape of 
the Americans through the British fleet 
possible, effectually settle a mooted point. 

Hadden's map, or "Sketch of the 
Action in Lake Champlain 11 Oct., 
1776," is evidently taken from " .A 
Survey of Lake Champlain, including 
Lake George, Crown Point and St. fohn. 
Surveyed by Order of His Excellency 
Major General S'r Jeffery Amherst, 
Knight of the most Hon'ble Order of 
the Bath, Commander in Chief of His 
Majesty's Forces in North America, 
(now Lord Amherst) by William 



Brassier, Draughtsman. 1762." That 
survey, with additions showing the 
naval operations tf the year 1776, 
including the battle of Valcour Bay, 
together with the formation of the two 
fleets, the line of the American retreat 
to Crown Point, the place of the action 
on the 13th, the place where Arnold 
ran the Congress ashore, and the subse- 
quent withdrawal to Ticonderoga, is to 
be found in "The American Military 
Pocket Atlas ; being an approved Col- 
lection of Correct Maps, both general and 
particular, of The British Colonies, Es- 
pecially those which now are, or prob- 
ably may be. The Theatre of War ; Taken 
principally from the actual Surveys and 
judicious Observations of Engineers De 
Brahm ami Romans; Cook, Jackson, 
and Collet ; Maj. Holland, and other 
officers, employed in His Majesty's Fleets 
and Armies. London." There is no 
date on the title page, but, as the editor's 
dedication to Gov. Pownail is dated 
"Fleet Street, 1776," the Atlas was 
undoubtedly issued in London in the 
winter of 1776-7. 

Two things are plain : one is that 
Hadden had Brassier's Survey of 1762 
as the basis of his map ; and the other 
is that the revision in the Atlas was either 
made from Hadden's map, or else both 
were drawn from a third source, of which 
we are ignorant. The fact that Hadden's 
map does not show the -whole course to 
Crown Point and Ticonderoga, possibly 
militates against the Atlas's revision 
having been taken from it, though the 
part Hadden does not give, is so simple 
that it could easily enough have been 
traced or described roughly without a map 
to go by to enable one to delineate it on 
Brassier's Survey. It must be remembered 
that Hadden, having been at the Royal 
Military Academy at Woolwich, had 



26 Lieut, Haddens yournal. 



the Night, they were scarcely out of sight when 
their retreat was discover'd at day break ; the 
British Fleet stood after them, and gain'd ground 



received the same education as the 
membjrs of the Engineer Corps, the only 
difference being that the cadets of highest 
rank in their class entered the Royal 
Engineers, while the rest went into the 
Royal Artillery. 

Clearly Hadden's map was not taken 
from the Atlas revision; for, being on a 
little more than four times the scale of 
the latter, it gives many details of out- 
line and position that does not give. 
Thus Hadden represents the position of 
the whole fifteen American vessels, 
twelve being in line, two in rear of the 
line, probably to look out more particu- 
larly for the approach around the north 
end of Valcour Island, and the Royal 
Savage having been forced on shore by 
the British while trying to join the 
American fleet. Hadden, also, shows a 
small islet just at the south point of 
Valcour Island on which the Royal 
Savage was run ashore and destroyed, 
whereas the Atlas, instead of showing 
it, uses these words in regard to Valcour 
Island — "Isle de Valcour almost one 
rock." Hadden, in representing the line 
the gunboats formed the latter part of 
Oct. nth, while they were in action, 
delineates, whether intentionally or not, 
twenty boats ; but as he states that 
twenty-two left St. Johns, and as one of 
them had been blown up in action, he 
leaves one unaccounted for if his drawing 
intended to portray the exact number. 
Capt. Douglas, however, commodore of 
the British war vessels ii the St. Law- 
rence, reported twenty gunboats and four 
long boats, each carrying a single gun, in 
the British fleet on Lake Champlain. 
The Atlas does not attempt to show the 
exact number of gunboats in line, but 
says, in the marginal reference, there 
were twenty-one. 



If the American Military Pocket 
Atlas's revision of Brassier's Survey was 
not taken from Hadden's map, it con- 
stitutes another contemporaneous au- 
thority against the view of Watson and 
Palmer, that Arnold rounded the 
northerly point of Valcour Island on his 
escape to Crown Point ; and as Gen. 
Waterbury and the crews of the galley 
Washington and gondola Jersey were 
captured, the British must have known 
the exact line of retreat as well as 
though they themselves had been on 
board the American fleet. 

Not only is the weight of authority, 
but a nautical reason also, it seems to us, 
is opposed to the view that Arnold 
retreated round the north end of Valcour 
Islmd That island, according to 
Haskell and Smith's Gazetteer of the 
United States, is two and a-half miles 
long, and half a mile wide, and the two 
maps we have of the action, portray 
Arnold's fleet drawn up across the bay 
about midway of the island, or a mile 
and a quarter, at the least, from its 
northerly end. The several accounts 
of the battle that refer to the wind, Oct. 
nth, show that it was from the north- 
ward — at all events, so that sailing 
vessels could not make progress towards 
the north without beating or tacking. 
Arnold, the American commander, 
speaks of the Royal Savage falling to the 
leeward of the fleet and being attacked. 
He also says "some of the enemy's ships 
and all their gondolas beat and rowed up 
within musket shot of us." Capt. 
Pringle, the British commander, says, 
" the wind was so unfavourable, that for a 
considerable time nothing could be 
brought into action with them but the 
gunboats," though the Carleton by much 
perseverance at last got to their assistance 



Lieut. Hadderis ^Journal, 27 



considerably 'till the violence of the wind and a 
great swell obliged both Fleets to Anchor : to- 
wards evening the weather was more moderate 



but none of the rest of the fleet could 
then get up. Hadden in speaking of the 
Royal Savage, says, " the wind being 
fair to go down the Lake enabled us to 
overtake the Vessel before she cou'd 
(by Tacks) get into the rest of their 
Fleet ; but lost to us the opportunity of 
going in at the upper end of the Island 
and attacking the whole at once." 
Hadden's mistake in using doivn for up 
the lake, is transparent, and we have 
already seen from his calling the western 
shore, the eastern, that he had confused 
the points of the compass. Fortunately 
his error exposes itself, and can mislead 
no one. What wind there was evidently 
came from the north, for Hadden, after 
according praise to Arnold for his retreat, 
says, " th< wind changing prevented the 
success of the attempt;" and Arnold, in 
speaking of the wind on the I2th, says, 
it was -'small to the southward." The 
wind being from the northward on the 
evening of the iith, was just right to go 
up the lake towards Crown Point, but 
would have prevented Arnold's fleet 
from going north round Valcour Island 
except by beating or tacking — a slow and 
not very easy way of proceeding in the 
night, and, moreover, a longer course by 
several miles. Hadden says Arnold's 
fleet used muffled oars ; but whether 
because the wind was so light, or because 
spreading sail would cause the vessels to 
be more easily discovered, he does not 
say. While oars would assist materially 
in a calm, or light favoring wind, or 
without any sail being set, yet, if Arnold 
had been rounding the northerly end of 
Valcour Island against the wind, they 
would hardly have served his purpose, 
especially with his heaviest and most 
dilapidated vessels. For these reasons, 
apart from the maps showing the exact 



course, it seems to us that when Gen. 
Waterbury said they went through the 
British fleet, he meant just what he said ; 
and it also appears to us a perfectly 
natural and characteristic act for a bold 
man, like Arnold, who had everything 
to gain and nothing to lose, for it was 
his only chance ; and it was no more 
daring or desperate than many naval feats 
during our late civil war, indeed, not so 
much so; and its success proved its 
entire feasibility. 

Much discussion has taken place as to 
whether Arnold was personally present at 
the battle of Freeman's Farm Sept. 19, 
1777. Col. (afterwards General) Wilkin- 
son is authority for the assertion that 
Arnold was not on the battle field, as 
under date of Sept. 21st, He wrote to St. 
Clair in regard to the affair of the 19th, 
"General Arnold was not out of camp 
during the whole action."' It is to be 
regretted that we have a no more reliable 
statement than Wilkinson's on which to 
rest one side of a mooted point, as his as- 
sertions are not unfrequently warped by 
prejudice and conceit, and in some cases 
are utterly unreliable. In writing the 
above he was addressing an avowed enemy 
of Arnold, while he himself was strongly 
prejudiced against him. Oct. 7th Wil- 
kinson again wrote to St. Clair and said, 
"Generals Gates and Arnold have difl^ered 
beyond reconciliation. As I, too, have 
a quarrel with the little man, I will not 
expose bis conduct."' Unfortunately Ar- 
nold's subsequent career destroyed all re- 
spect for him, and prepared every patriotic 
mind to believe anything to his discredit; 
but the truth of history is not to be sac- 
rificed in order to cast odium, however 
well merited, upon any man, and it is by 
no means easy for an American calmly 
to weigh and judicially determine factg 



28 Ljieut, Haddens Journal, 



& the Fleet proceeded, the Boats using their Oars 
to make head against the Wind ; the Rebel Ves- 
sels gaining little way when under Sail from the 



that may enure to the credit of Benedict 
Arnold. 

If it be true, as stated by some writers^ 
that no general was on the field during 
the action, and that regiment after regi- 
ment was allowed to engage in the ab- 
sence of a general officer, it was a most 
remarkable state of things and a striking, 
but by no means flattering, commentary 
upon Gen. Gates, as few commanding 
generals would have been guilty of allow- 
ing a division to engage in the absence 
of all general officers and without the 
troops being under some recognized head. 
No wonder that the military instincts of 
Gen. Carrington, in his " Battles of the 
American Revolution," led him to say, p. 
342 — "To what extent General Arnold 
accompanied the successive portions of 
his division, which bore the brunt of this 
day's fight, is not clearly or uniformly 
defined by historians. That contempo- 
raneous history gave his division credit, is 
nowhere questioned : and that he was a 
listless observer or remained in camp re- 
gardless of the fact that he was responsible 
for the entire left wing, which was then 
assailed, is perfectly inconsistent with his 
nature and the position he occupied." 
Gjn. Jacob Bailey wrote from "Castle- 
town" to the Committee of Safety of New 
Hampshire, Sept 22d, three days after 
the battle, as follows — "General Arnold 
has fought the right wing of General 
Burgoyne, won thres field pieces, and 250 
prisoners — great loss on both sides.' ^ It 
19 clear, therefore, that Gen. Arnold was 
reported and credited, at the time, by the 
troops in the Northern Department, as 
commanding in the action. 

The newspapers of the day evidently 
believed that Arnold was present, as the 
Boiton Gazette in its issue for September 
29th, 1777, in describing the battle of 



the 19th, among other things, says, — "At 
three o'clock the enemy being re-inforced, 
renewed the attack ; our troops being 
at the same time supported by the left 
wing of the aimy, consisting of the whole 
of Gen. Arnold's division, received them 
warmly 5 and though the enemy brought 
on their whole force against not more 
than half ours, maintained their ground 
till night, when both parties retired." 

The following order issued by Arnold 
the day after the action, found in a manu- 
script Orderly Book kept by Colonel 
Thaddeus Cook of Wallingford, Conn., 
now in the possession of the American 
Antiquarian Society of Worcester, for the 
use of which we are under obligations to 
that ancient and honorable soc'ety, and 
which order we have never seen in print, 
seems to be inconsistent with Gen. Ar- 
nold's absence from the battle field ; 
though the thickness of the woods may 
have prevented his taking any very con- 
spicuous part. The order, in Col. 
Cook's copy of which there doubtless 
were some clerical errors, reads as follows : 
"Division Orders 20th Septr. A. D. 1777. 

" Gen'l Arnold returns his thanks to 
the Officers cSc Soldie/s of his Division for 
their brave spirited conduct yesterday in 
withstanding the force of the British 
army, whose loss a Deserter from their 
army says is upwards of one thousand 
men kill'd and wounded — which ours is 
very trifling, not one fourth Part of the 
Enemies — a convincing Proof of the 
Mercifull Interposition of Heaven in 
Covering our heads in the day of Battle 
and loudly calls for our grateful acknowl- 
edgements. The Gen'l ,observ'd yester- 
day that two many officers that Zeal and 
Spirit push'd on in the front of their 
Companies, whose business it was to 
have brought up those in the Rear, and 



Lieut, H addends yournal. 29 

Violence of a contrary Wind and thinking we 
were at an Anchor remain'd so all Night, and 
tho. the British Fleet gained bat little by a con- 
trary conduct that little enabled them to overtake 
the Enemy next day when the wind proved fair, 
our Ship & Schooners being better Sailers first 
came up with the Rebel Fleet and retarding their 
movements 'till the whole were in sight. Three 
of the Stern-most Vessels "^'^ struck their Coulours, 
in one of which was Brig'r Gen'l Waterbury «^ 
their second in Command, Arnold V2.x\ his own Ves- 
sel & 5 others on shore and set fire to them, the 
three foremost only escaped to Tyconderoga; as 
did Gen'l Arnold with most of the Crew's of the 
burnt Vessels. Next morning the Rangers & 
Indians landed and took possession of Crown 
Point, evacuated by the Enemy the preceding 
Night. Two or three days afterwards the Army 

hopes they will in future observe their ak. These were the galley Wash- 
proper stations and suffer no man to ington, and the gondolas Jersey and 
Retreat untill an order is given by the Lee. Sir Guy Carleton reported to 
Commanding officer of the Regt's or Lord Germaine, Oct. 14, 1776, the 
Detachments — those who are found to capture of the Washington and Jersey. 
have deserted their Posts in time of Of the Lee he said — "Run into a bay, 
Action may expect Instant Death. and not known whether destroyed." 

"The Gen'l makes no doubt the Troops The Lee proved to have been captured, 

will act with a spirit and firmness becom- though Sir Guy did not then know it • 

ing freemen strugling for their just Rights and in Beatson's Naval and Military 

& Liberties when they are call'd out Memoirs, Vol. 6, p. 65, note 55, we 

again which they may expect every mo- find the brig Washington and sloop* 

ment and wishes them to make every nee- Jersey and Lee included in "A List of his 

essary Preparation." Majesty's armed Vessels, Boats, &c., 

If Gen. Arnold was not present, how which brought the army under General 

could he have noticed that their zeal and Burgoyne, over Lake Champlain, in 

•pirit pushed too many officers on in front campaign 1777." 
oi their companies, whose business it was 

to have brought up those in the rear ? al. See Appendix 8. 
[ 'K. W. 443, 444, »C. S : B. D.] 



30 Liieut. Haddens your?2ai. 

arrived and took post on Crown Point, and Wind- 
mill Point immediately opposite to it at the dis- 
tance of about 1400 yards : the Lake here 
narrowing into a River. Gen'l Carlton thank'd 
the Officers &c for their spirrited conduct, and 
Gen'l Burgoyne gave out the following order to 
the Arm} on the occasion. 

Camp at Sandy Creek, Lake 
Champlain i6th OctV 1776. 

Lieut. Gen'l Burgoyne having received in- 
telligence of the late victory obtained by the 
Commander in Chief in Person, takes the first 
moment to communicate to the army, that of 
Sixteen Vessels^'"' of which the Rebel Fleet con- 
sisted before the Action Three only escaped, all 
the rest being taken or destroyed. The impor- 
tance of the conquest is not greaterto the National 
cause than is the glory atchieved to his Majesties 
Arms, conspicuous by the general Bravery of the 
Officers & Men. 

It is a part of magnanimity to spare publick 
demonstrations of triumph upon the present oc- 
casion, but it is not doubted the Army will be 
affected with every sentiment the Brave are 
accustomed to feel, for great and glorious ex- 
amples. 

Finis. 

am. There was one not engaged and taken with Provisions. [HaJJen's Noti.'] 



Lieut. Haddens yournaL 3 1 



Upon the whole the British Fleet was fully a 
match for the Enemy, and the exertions were 
those of individuals, no orders being given to 
withdraw the Boats 'till their Ammunition was 
expended, and the impossibility of a supply, made 
a reserve for a second Action absolutely necessary 
to prevent the Fleet fighting in detail. The 
Enemy not knowing this circumstance and fort- 
unate changes of Wind completed their Ruin. 
The Sailors in the Gun Boats in general shew'd 
a backwardness, and the gallantry of the rest was 
only conspicuous in Capt'n Dacres '^'"commanding 



an. James Richard Dacres was born in 
February, 1749, and was the eldest son of 
Richard Dacres, a native of Cumberland, 
England, and secretary of the garrison 
of Gibraltar, by his wife Mary, daughter 
of William Bateman of Bury St. Edmund's 
in the county of Suffolk. Young Dacres 
entered the British navy in I76z', and 
he was a lieutenant on the Blonde 
frigate, which sailed for Quebec early in 
April, 1776, with Burgoyne on board. 
On the I uh of the following June, Sir 
Guy Carleton appointed him an assistant 
quarter-maste"- general, a position he 
held till the 8th of the next September, 
when he .issumed command of the Carle- 
ton, armed schooner of i 2 guns, in which 
he participated in the naval encounter of 
the Britiih fleet with Benedict Arnold's 
flotilla on Lake Champlain, and bore a 
very active and honorable part.* Of the 
three commissioned officers on the Carle- 
ton, Mr. Brown lost an arm early in the 
action, and, soon after, Lieut. Dacres fell 
severely wounded and senseless. He 
would have been thrown overboard as 
dead but for the interference of young 
Edward Pellew, afterwards Lord Ex- 
mouth, who succeeded to the command 



and maintained the unequal contest till 
Capt. Pringle, baffled in all his efforts to 
bring up the squadron, made the signal 
of recall. The Carleton, with two feet 
of water in her hold, was not in a con- 
dition to obey, so she was towed by the 
artillery boats out of range of the Ameri- 
can guns. 3 Sir Guy Carleton, who was 
on board Capt. Fringle's flag ship, in 
writing of the action of Oct. nth, and 
the chase and action of the 13th, thus 
reports to Lord George Germaine. ''For 
further particulars I refer your Lordship 
to Lieut. Dacres, who will bt the bearer 
of this letter, and had a share in both 
actions, particularly the first, where his 
gallant behaviour in the Carleton schooner, 
which he commanded, distinguished him 
so much as to merit great commendation, 
and I beg to commend him to your Lord- 
ship's notice and favour. At the same 
time I cannot omit taking notice to your 
Lordship of the good service done in the 
first action by the spirited conduct of a 
number of officers and men of the corps 
of artillery, who served the gun boats, 
which, together with the Carleton, sus- 
tained for many hours the whole fire of 
the enemy's fleet, the rest of our vessels 



32 Lieut, H add en's 'Journal. 



the Carlton Schooner. The Com'r in Chief was 
on Board the Commodore, which prevented 
that Vessel attempting to get into a partial en- 
gagement. 



not being able to work up near enough 
to join effectually in the engagement." 
Capt. Pringle, in forwarding his dis- 
patches, bore this testimony to the worth 
of the subject of this sketch. " Many 
particulars," he writes, " which their 
Lordships may wish to know, I must at 
present take the liberty of referring you to 
Mr. Dacres for; but, as I am well con- 
vinced his modesty will not permit him 
to say how great a share he had in this 
victory, give me leave to assure you, that 
during both actions nothing could be 
more pointedly good than his conduct."* 

Dacres is next found in command of 
the sloop of war Ceres, of 1 8 guns, which, 
together with the Ariadne of 20 gun» 
under Capt. Pringle, on March 9, 1778, 
engaged and captured the American man 
of war Alfred, Capt Elisha Hinman, oi 
20 guns ; her consort, the Raleigh, of 
32 guns, having abandoned her to her 
fate. 5 The Ceres immediately proceeded 
to the Leeward Islands and joined the 
West India squadron under Rear-Admiral 
Harrington, who, under date of Jan. 6, 
J 779, thus writes to the Admiralty from 
the Island of St. Lucia: — " I am sorry to 
add that the Ceres appears, by the Marti- 
nique Gazette, to have been taken after a 
chase of 48 hours, by the Iphigenie, a 
French frigate of 36 guns, but I have no 
account of it from Capt. Dacres, or any 
of her officers. I cannot help regretting 
the loss of this sloop, not only as she sailed 
remarkably well, but as Capt. Dacres is 
an officer of infinite merit."* The 
Ceres was retaken in Lord Rodney's vic- 
tory over the French, April 12, 1782.' 

Dacres became a post-captain in the 
Royal navy, Sept. 13, 1780^, and was at 
once assigned to the command of the ship 



Perseus of 20 guns, which was then be- 
ing fitted out for sea with all dispatch at 
Chatham. 9 On the ist of the following 
December, the Perseus, together with the 
schooner Racehorse and cutter Expedition, 
engaged and captured, about three leagues 
off Beechy Head, the French brig priva- 
teer Count du Bois, of 12 guns. The 
prize was so cut up that she sunk soon 
after she struck.'" Capt. Dacres seemed 
to be successful in taking prizes, as the 
Perseus, and the Fortune, sloops, arrived 
in the Downs, Jan. 7, 1781, with the 
Catherina Wilhelmina, a Dutch East In- 
dia ship of 900 tons, bound from Rotter- 
dam to Batavia, laden with large masti 
and other naval stores, and having on 
board $130,000 in specie. The Perseus 
had also shortly before that, taken and 
sent into Portsmouth, the Friendship, a 
Dutch vessel, laden with fruit.'' The 
next month Capt. Dacres went as com- 
modore of a small squadron consisting of 
the Perseus, Zebra, Helena, and Martin 
sloops, on a cruise to the northward in 
quest of some privateers seen in that quar- 
ter. '= 

Mention of him is next found in 
June, 1795, when he had command of 
the Barfleur of 98 guns, in which ship he 
took part in Lord Bridport's victory over 
the French fleet in the Bay of I'Orient, 
June 23d. '3 In February, 1797, Capt. Da- 
cres, stiil in the Barfleur, left the Channel 
Fleet and joined the fleet under Sir John 
Jervis, which had sailed from the Tagus 
Jan. 18, 1797 ; and he participated in 
Sir John's great naval victory over the 
French fleet off Cape St. Vincent on St. 
Valentine's day of that year, when Vice- 
Admiral (of the Blue) Waldgrave had 
his flag on the Barfleur. '•» For his 



hiieut. Haddens yournaL '^'^ 



There is a Square Fort at Crown Point, 
Built by the English and now out of repair; 
within it are Barracks for about 800 Men, these 
also are out of repair being in part burnt bv 
accident some years ago. The Rebels neglected 
these and threw up a Work near the Water to- 
wards Wind-Mill Point, as a protection for their 
Vessels. The old Fort stands in the middle of 
a spot of cleared ground about a Mile every way, 
and between the Point opposite Windmill Point, 
and a kind of Bason on the opposite side, called 
South Bay, this Bay (is on the western side) 
will not admit Vessels, and [South.] 

Gun Boats were sent to y^ ^ 

protect that Flank of the ' y^ 

Army which lay encamped C^ ''^Q^'^^^^^^^^^^p'Tk 



across this Tofigue of Land ^^^^""Jp^'i 
extend'g from the Point J ^^ 

where the Rebel works 



were errected, to South 
Bay. 



( 



I 



[North.] 



It appearing too late in the Season for an attack 
on Tyconderoga 16 Miles from hence, where 



gallantry in this action Capt. Dacres re 
ceived a gold medal. 'S 

He became a Rear-Admiral of the 
Blue, Feb. 14,1799'^j a Rear-Admiral of 
the White, Jan i, 1801 '7; and he was ap- 
pointed to the command at Plymouth in 
June, 1802. »S He became a Rear-Admiral 
of the Red, April 23, 1804'^; and the same 
year he was assigned to the command of 
the Jamaica station, a position he held 



during four years. '9 Admiral Dacres be- 
came a Vice-Admiral of the White, Nov. 
9, 1805='', and he died in Stanhope St., 
May Fair, London, Jan. 5, 18 10*', or, 
as the Na-val Chronicle for 1 8 10, vol. 23, 
p. 88, puts it, "on the 6th of January, 
in consequence of a fall from his horse," 
after having rendered much valuable ser- 
vice. O'Byrne's Naval Biographical 
Dictionary, p. 256, says that he died 



34- Liieut. Haddens Journal, 

report said the Enemy had from 12 to 16 Thou- 
sand Men, Gen'l Carlton order'd Fascines to be 
made (4.000) for the repair of the old Fort, and 
prepair'd to put the Barracks in order. Gen'l 
Carlton reconnoitr'd the Enemy's Works from 
the Water and the Boats went near enough to be 
fired at. Altering his determination about re- 
pairing the Works &c. at Crown Point, the 
Stores were sent Back, and the whole Armament 
returned abt. the 13th, 14th or 15th Nov. 76, 
With so favorable a wind that the Radeau a 
Square Built Vessel Sailed from Crown-point to 
Isle Aux Noix (90 Miles) in 9 Hours. 

On our return we found the Works at St. 
'Johns (which originally consisted of a Square 
Fort) very much encreased, a Dock Yard being 
completed sufficient to Build a Ship of 24 Guns 
then on the Stocks, and another Fort and 
Lines began for its defence with Barracks for 
1000 Men in tolerable forwardness. St. Johns 
can scarcely be called a Village being only two 
or three Houses, (not near the Fort) it is how- 
ever from its frontier situation and the Works 
carrying on, likely to increase. The ground is 

"worn out by length of service and the E. 7, 43. 31. T. 12. ^M. Y. 270-271. 

baneful effects of a West India climate." 5M. H. 174. ^H. K. 286. 'I. G. 

He married Eleanor Blandford, daugh- 243, note. ®A. T. 51. sH. N. 28a. 

terand heiress of Pearce of Cam- '°H. N. 552. "H. O. 40. '=H. O. 214 

bridge ; and the Capt. James Richard Da- '3A. 391. '4A. 415. 'SK. Z. 259. 

cres that commanded the Guerriere when '®A. A. '7A. B. »^A. D. '9F, O. 

captured by the American ship Constitu- 278. ='°E. D. 1232. ^'E. G. 93. 

tion, was a son of the subject of this ="I. D. 972.] 
sketch.'^ ['I. C. 29 : I. U. 256. ^F. 



Lieut, Hadden^s yournal. i^^. 

level & Marshy, the most unhealthy spot in 
inhabited Canada, and during the Summer 
Months, swarms with Musqueeto's. There is 
no road beyond this, all farther communication 
to the Southward being by Water. The De- 
tachment at Point auFer^ was withdrawn, a Regi- 
ment & half a Company of Artillery left to occupy 
the Works at the Isie au Noix : another Regt. 
& half a Company of Artillery at St. Johns, 
both places being under the immediate inspection 
and orders of a Brigadier Gen'l. The Barracks 
at these places not being completed 'till the 
beginning of January, the Troops & Artificers 
suffer'd very much from the Cold. The rest of 
the Army was Canton'd in different parts of 
the Province during the Winter, and the Artill's 
spent their time very agreeably at Montreal^ 
Provisions being everywhere cheap and plenty. 

The Com'r in Chief finding Lady Maria 
Carlton at Quebec on his return, remained there 
during the Winter. Gen'l Burgoyne went to 
Europe early in November, and Gen'l Phillips 
resided at Montreal which was by Public orders 
consider'd as the Head Quarters of the Prov- 
ince, and all business transacted by the General. 

The Officers amused themselves in their dif- 
ferent Quarters, with Balls and Concerts com- 
posed of the best performers in the British and 
German Bands. The Soldiers were quarter'd on 



36 Lieut, Hadden's yournaL 



the inhabitants and giving up the Kings Rations 
of Provisions to the Landlord's, lived with the 
Families and were remarkably healthy. 

The Army, about 10.000 Men, was composed 
of nearly an equal number of British and Ger- 
man Troops. 

One Regiment of Germans and a Company of 
Artillery, were Hessians and commanded by Brig- 
adier Gen'l Goll. ^'^ The rest were Brunswtckers 



ao. Colonel Gall, or Von Gall, [not 
Goll or Vangall as printed in the text] 
was colonel of the Regiment of Hesse 
Hanau, which, with the Brunswickers, 
composed the German troops sent over 
to Sir Guy Carleton in the spring of 
1776. Col Gall, with his regiment, ar- 
rived at Spithead, England, March 31, 
1776', and, a few days later, sailed for 
Canada with the English reinforcements 
and the first German division. On the 
29th of the following August he was ap- 
pointed an acting brigadier by Sir Guy 
Carleton, and assigned to a German bri- 
gade. In 1777 Gall, v/ith his command, 
known as the 2d German Brigade, com- 
posed of the Regiments Prince Frederick 
and Hesse Hanau, participated in Bur- 
goyne's campaign ; and for this purpose he 
left his winter quarters and crossed the St. 
Lawrence, June 4th. ^ Sharing the fortunes 
of his chief, Gall was included in the 
Saratoga surrender ; and on the march of 
the Convention troops to Virginia, in 
1778, commanded the 3d German divis- 
ion composed of the Battalion Earner, 
the Regiment Hesse Hanau and the 
Hanau Artillery. 3 He was exchanged late 
in 1780, or early in 1 78 I, and returned 
to Europe only to encounter an enraged 
prince, who dismissed him from the 
service for returning home without the 
royal leave; though the prince's displeasure 
was greatly heightened because he had 
heard that Gall had been " accused of re- 



taining money and appropriating it to his 
own use, and also of partiality." Gen. 
Riedesel's report to the Hereditary Prince 
of Hesse Hanau shows that while Col. Gall 
had been guilty of gross irregularity, it 
was not due to any desire for selfish gain 
but solely to benefit his men. Max 
Von Eelking, in commenting upon Ried- 
esel's report, says : " The soldiers were 
those mostly quartered on the inhabitants, 
to whom they sold their rations, and by 
whom they were boarded in f;xchange. 
The soldiers were also furnished with 
rice, flour and other articles ; and the 
inhabitants, having in Colonel Gall's 
opinion, the advantage, he desired to turn 
the scale in favor of his men by cutting 
down those rations which the inhabitants 
received from the soldiers, hoping to turn 
the surplus into money out of which a 
fund could be created for the benefit of 
the men in unforeseen emergencies. 
Colonel Gall had taken this idea from 
the Brunswickers, who had a reserve 
fund of this nature made up by the 
monthly contributions of the men, a 
small amount being deducted from their 

regular monthly pay This affair 

of Col. Gall attracted great attention, not 
only in Hessia, but throughout Germany. 
It was even discussed in the public jour- 
nals."-* ['K. M. 38. =K. M. 100, 
105, 107. 3K. N. 47. ■*K. N. loi- 
105, 2i6-ai8.] 



Lieut, H addends yournaL 37 

under Major Gen'l Baron de Reidesil, "P who 
took up his Quarters at Trois Rivieres^ half way 
between Montreal & ^ebec. 

Ih February M. G'l Phillips reviewed the 21st 
Reg't at St. John's and 12 Men were taken away 
Frost bitten, but recover'd by being kept from the 
fire, in a warm Room & chaf'd with Snow. 



af. Friederich Adolphus Riedesel be- 
longed to one of the oldest and richest of 
the baronial families in the interior of 
Germany, and was born June 3d, 1738, 
in the ancestral castle of Lauterbach, in 
Rhinehesse. His father was John Wil- 
liam Riedesel, who, at the time of Fried- 
erich's birth, was government assessor and 
page to the prince of Eisenach ; and his 
mother was Sophie Hedwig, a daughter 
of Baron Von Borke, a Prussian lieuten- 
ant-general, and the governor of Stettin. 
In his early youth Friederich was sent to 
a clergyman in Frischborn (near Lauter- 
bach) to be educated; and at fifteen he 
entered the law school at Marburg, as 
his father intended him for the legal pro- 
fession. A Hessian battalion of infantry 
in garrison at Marburg, however, so 
aroused the boy's military ardor, that he 
abandoned the law for the army, and be- 
came a viceeosign in a regiment which 
was shortly after received into the English 
establishment and quartered in a town 
near London, where he became proficicat 
in both the French and English languages. 

When the Seven Years War broke out, 
in 1756, the regiment Riedesel was at- 
tached to, was recalled to Germany, and 
he was appointed an aid to Prince Fer- 
dinand of Brunswick. He bore himself 
so gallantly at Minden, Aug i, 1759, 
that the prince made him bearer of dis- 
patches and recommended him for pro- 
motion. Accordingly he was made a 
captain in a new Hessian regiment of 



Blue Hussars, but he never led his 
troop as Prince Ferdinand still retained 
him upon his staff. The landgrave of 
Hessia having overlooked Riedesel in 
the promotions of 1 761, the latter re- 
signed his commission, but the slight 
having been repaired in the May of that 
year by his appointment as lieut. -colonel 
of the Black Hussars he did not leave 
the army. Two months later the com- 
mand of Bauer's regiment was likewise 
conferred on him, the two being equal 
to a cavalry brigade. Riedesel saw 
much service and gained much credit 
durintr the Seven Years War, in which 
he was wounded. On the disbanding of 
his regiment in 1767 he was appointed 
adjutant-general of the Brunswick army, 
and in 1772 he was made colonel of 
carbineers, which corps was subsequently 
formed into a dragoon regiment. 

He was advanced to the rank of major- 
general and given the command of the 
Brunswick troops hired by George III for 
service in America. Riedesel sailed from 
the Elbe with the first detachment of his 
Brunswickers, March 21, 1776, and ar- 
rived at Spithead on the 28th, whence 
after a few days delay he sailed with a 
fleet containing English troops, to Quebec 
where he arrived June ist. The year 
1776 he spent in Canada, and in 1777 par- 
ticipated in Burgoyne's campaign, being 
included in the surrender at Saratoga. 
He left Albany, Oct. 22, and arrived 
with the other German prisoners at Cam- 



38 Lieut. Haddefi^s yournaL 

Previous to this all the Troops were provided 
w^ith Blanket Coats and Leggins, as also a 
Woolen or Fur Cap & Mittens to protect 
the Face, Ears, & Hands against the in- 
clemency of the Season. The 29th Reg't and 
Artillery in Garrison at Montreal were reviewed 
on the Ice by the Com'r in Chief, who during 
this excursion, visited & reviewed the Troops in 
most of the Cantonments. 



bridge, Nov. yth. In Nov., 1778, the 
Convention prisoners were transferred to 
Virginia, and with them Gen. Riedesel 
and his family. He was exchanged Oct. 
25, 1780, and Sir Henry Clinton at once 
conferred the command of Long Island 
upon him, with headquarters at Brook- 
lyn. July 29th, 178 1, he with his family 
and guard sailed in the transport Little - 
dale for Halifax and Quebec, at which 
latter place he arrived a second time, 
Sept. 10th, 178 1, and again took pos- 
•ession of his old quarters at Sorel. All 
the foreign troops were at once ordered to 
report to him, and he was placed in 
charge of the district which lies south 
of the St. Lawrence between Sorel and 
Lake Champlain. In 1783 an order 
having been received to send home the 
German troops, he sailed from Quebec 
in August of that year, and arrived in 
England after a remarkably quick pas- 
sage. Thence he proceeded to his home 
in Wolfenbiittel, which city he entered 
at the head of his troops. 

March 5th, 1787, he was promoted to 
be a lieut. -general ; and in the following 
year he was appointed to the command of 
the Brunswick contingent, which formed 
a part of the German army that was 
sent to Holland to support the cause of 
the stadtholder. He served with brief 
intervals in Holland until the close of 
1793, when he retired to his ancestral 
castle in Lauterbach. In 1794 he re- 



turned to Brunswick, having been ap- 
pointed commandant of that city, but 
he did not live long to enjoy the honors 
and emoluments of the position, as he 
died in that town after a brief sickness, 
Jan. 6th, 1800. 

Gen. Riedesel in addition to his military 
promotions, was decorated with the grand 
cross of the Order of the Golden Lion. 
Although a brave officer he gained no 
particular laurels in America, and it is 
easy to see from both British and German 
accounts, that a jealousy existed between 
the troops of the different nations upon 
Burgoyne's campaign. 

In December, 1762, Gen. Riedesel 
married Frederica, second daughter 
of Commissary General Von Massow, 
by which union he had nine children, 
two of whom were born on this con- 
tinent, viz — America, born in New 
York city, March 7, 1780, and Canada, 
born at Sorel in Canada, Nov. i, 1782. 
His wife and family joined him in 
Canada in 1777 and accompanied him 
on Burgoyne's campaign and in all his 
subsequent movements. Madame Ried- 
esel's journals and letters furnish many 
graphic descriptions of affairs in Bur- 
goyne's army, and are by no means al- 
ways flattering to the character or capacity 
of that notable British officer. [H. P. 
310: F. E. 166. 208 : K. L. : K. M : 
K, N.] 



Lieut. Had den s yournaL 39 

The Winter, for that climate was very mild, 
and tho' the Rivers were frozen over & passable 
for Carriages from the beginning of January 'till 
the Month of April we did not miss parading 
twice a day in the Champ de Mars a very bleak 
situation, above 12 or 14 Times during the Win- 
ter. The cold always increased with the wind 
from its passing over the Frozen Lakes, and high 
winds were usualy accompanied with a snow 
storm, against which there is no Travelling. In 
calm weather the Sun was powerful and pleasant, 
tho' it had but a trifling effect on the Snow or 
Ice, which latter was several Feet thick being in 
many places, from the rapidity of the Current 
thrown up in heaps before the whole was frozen 
over : As soon as the River is passable Roads of 
communication are made between the Towns or 
Villages on the opposite Banks of the River, and 
all Frozen obstacles removed. Montreal is 30 
Miles above Sorely that is where the Sorel River 
falls into the St. Lawrence. 

During the Winter a Scout was sent across the 
Lakes under Captain Mri^^y «:/ and brought in 

aq Samuel McKay entered the battalions, were disbanded and he went 
British army, Dec. 30th, 1755, ^^ an upon half-pay, his name appearing on 
ensign in the 62d, (afterwards the 60th) the half-pay of the 60th as late as 1786, 
or Royal American Regiment of Foot, several years after his death.' 
and the next year embarked for America. He seems to have been in Canada at the 
He was promoted to a lieutenancy, Dec. breaking out of the American Revolution, 
6th, 1756, and continued to serve in and upon the American invasion of that 
America till the peace of 1763, when province in 1775, ^^ ^^^ ^n active par- 
two battalions of the 60th, and the ad- ticipant in the measures devised for its 
ditional companies of the other two defence. Sanguinet in his Journal, and 



4-0 Lieut » Haddens your?2al. 



some Prisoners from the Portage (or carrying 
place) at the entrance of Lake George : we learnt 
from them that the Enemy were preparing 
against an Attack from us at Tyconderoga. 

The latter end of April the River began to 
free itself from the Floating Ice, which had 
broken loose about a fortnight before. The 
moment the Snow is off the ground Summer 
commences, and vegetation is uncommonly quick. 



Berthelot and Lorimier in their 
Memoirs, to be found in vol. I of Ver- 
reau's In-vasion du Canada, make frequent 
mention of McKay as he was often dis- 
patched upon scouls and petty expeditions 
for prisoners or information. The latter 
part of May, 1775, Sanguinet tells us, 
'"Lieutenant Samuel Makaye, oficier de 
distinction " set out from Montreal with 
fifty Canadian volunteers to occupy the 
fort at St. John's, where he remained 
till its capture in September, 1775, when 
he was made a prisoner.^ Gen. Mont- 
gomery wrote to Gen. Schuyler from 
Montreal, Nov. 19, 1775, as follows — "I 
wish I could have apprized you in time, 
of your obligations to Captain McKay. 
He generously offered Mr. Carleton, if 
he would give him 200 men, to go and 
burn the new church at Sartigan, last 
summer ; he is so inveterate a fellow 
that I think if the other prisoners should 
be indulged in returning to their families 
this winter, he ought not to be permitted 
to enter this Province. "3 Gen. Schuyler, 
in a letter from Albany to Gov. Trum- 
bull of Connecticut, under date of Dec. 
1 2th, in that same year, wrote, — " Mr. 
McKay, who was taken at St. John's, 
has behaved in such a manner that 
the Committee of this place have re- 
quested his removal. I have discharged 
him from his parole of honour, and he 
goes under an escort to Lebanon^," Con- 



necticut. He was accordingly forwarded 
to Hartford, and March 21st, of the 
next year, he and nine other British 
officers, prisoners there, memorialized 
Congress to be removed from Hartford, 
because, as they say, " notwithstanding 
it is their earnest wish and design to 
avoid giving any just and reasonable 
cause of offence to the inhabitants in 
their neighbourhood, yet the most trivial 
incidents are industriously misrepresented 
and maliciously propagated through the 
country, insomuch that their personal 
safety is actually endangered by mobs, 
there being none of the Continental 
Troops here to grant them a safeguard. "S 
Illustrations of the kind of treatment 
complained of, are given by the British 
Major French of the 22d Foot, then a 
prisoner at Hartford, in his Journal to be 
found in vol. I, of the Collections of 
the Connecticut Historical Society. The 
memorial proving ineffectual, we next 
find Capt. McKay applying to Gen. 
Washington on the 9th of April for a 
release by exchange or on parole j but 
without success.* Failing to secure his 
liberty in any other way Capt. McKay 
broke his parole on Saturday night, May 
19th, and, in the garb of a clerj;yman, 
attempted to escape to Canada." Under 
date of Wednesday, May 22d, Major 
French wrote in his Journal — " Capt. 
McKay and his servant, one McFarlan 



Lieut. Hadderis ^Journal. 4.1 



The Snow usualy goes away the beginning of 
May & by 'June you have ripe Strawberries, even 
before the Snow is gone the Climate & Sun is 
almost unpleasantly warm. Upon the whole the 
Winter in Canada may be passed very pleasantly 
the weather being in general settled, and the 
amusement o^Cabrioiing (or driving in a Carriage 
without Wheels supported by pieces of wood 
shod with Iron) which is healthy and much fol- 



of the Royal Artillery, were brought 
back in company with one Graves, of 
Pittsfield in the Province of Massa- 
chusetts Bay, about 70 miles distant, 
whom, they alledged, was his guide, 
having been taken at Lanesborough, four 
or five miles beyond Pittsfield, by some 
country fellows who suspected them, and 
who after having tied him, knocked him 
down, and beat and abused him in the 
grossest manner. In the evening they 
were all sent to the common gaol in- 
discriminately." Major French, in re- 
ferring to Capt. McKay's bruises, states 
that the captain was refused the services 
of the surgeons he desired, and adds — 
**In consequence of the behaviour of 
the mob on the 20th, and the inflamed 
appearance we observed among them 
when Capt. McKay was brought back, 
we all signed a paper, and I gave it to 
the Governor, requesting protection from 
the fury of the populace." 

The Connecticut Courant and Hartford 
Weekly Intelligencer for May 27, 1776, 
characterized McKay's violation of his 
parole in the following vigorous man- 
ner — "The infamous Capt. McKay, 
who is so lost to every principle oi honor 
as to violate his parole and endeavour 
to make his escape as mentioned in our. 
last, was last Monday apprehended and 
taken by a number of gentlemen at 
Lainsborough, Berkshire county, and on 



Wednesday following was safely brought 
to this town and lodged in the common 
goal. His servant, McFarland, together 
with a certain John Graves of Pittsfield, 
were likewise taken with him, and both 
are committed to prison. Graves is an 
inhabitant \if Pittsfield, in the province 
of Massachusetts Bay, where he has 
considerable property : but being in- 
stigated by the devil, and his own wicked 
heart, he had undertaken to pilot Mc 
Kay to Albany, and had procured fresh 
horses at proper stages on the road to 
expedite his flight, (^uere. fyhat does 
the last mentioned -villain deser-vef " 

Notwithstanding the captain was com- 
mitted to close jail in Hartford, neither 
bolts nor bars were effectual to restrain 
him long, as Major F'rench records un- 
der date of "Tuesday, loth Sept., 
Capt. McKay and Mr. Graves made 
their escape this night in a manner 
which surprized all without, as much as 
us their fellow prisoners, since there 
was no appearance of any breach, and two 
strong prison doors were bolted and the 
outside one locked." 

The advertisement of the reward ottered 
for McKay's arrest taken from the Con- 
necticut Courant for Sept. 23, 1 776, 
affords us a glimpse of this worthy's per- 
sonal appearance, at least as he appeared 
to the patriot authorities to whom he 
had given the slip. It is as follows — 



4-2 Lieut, Haddens 'JournaL 

lowed by all Ranks above the very poor. They 
can enjoy every fine day, and necessity is the 
parent of many home amusements. 

Skating may sometimes offer but tho' there 
is plenty of Ice you cannot always find a 
clear spot. To obviate this, the officers at many 
places hired people to sweep away the Snow 
as it fell upon certain situations fixed for that 
exercise. 



" Se-vcnty Dollars Reivard. 

•'Escaped from Hartford goal, in the 
State of Connecticut, in the night 
following the loth instant, one Samuel 
McKay, a Lieut, in the British ser- 
vice, taken at St. John's and confined 
by the Committee for having before 
broke his parole by running away. 
And one JoAn Graves of Pittsfield, who 
was imprisoned for being a vile tory, and 
assisting said McKay in getting away as 
aforesaid. Said McKay has a wife in 
Canada, is of light complexion, light 
coloured hair and eyes, considerably pitted 
with the small pox, has a long nose, is 
tall in stature, has a droll fawning way 
in speech and behaviour, uncertain what 
clothes he wore away ; had with him a 
blue coat with white cuffs and lapels, a 
gray mixt colour'd co.Tt, and a red coat 
white waistcoats, a brown camblet cloak 
lined with green baize, and a pair of 
brown corduroy breeches. Graves is 
short in stature, has long black hair, 
brown complexion, dark eyes, one leg 
shorter than t'other, appears rather simple 
n talk and behaviour ,• had a snuft 
colour'd surtout and coat, green waist- 
coat, and white flannel ditto, leather 
breeches and white trousers. Whoever 
shall take up and return to the goal in 
Hartford, the aforesaid McKay and 
Graves, shall be entitled to 50 dollars 



reward for said McKay, and 20 dollars 
for said Graves, by 

EzEKiEL Williams, Sheriff. 
Hartford, September 11, 1776." 

Capt. McKay hastened to Canada, and 
as early as Nov. 20th, in that same year 
(1776), was authorized to raise a com- 
pany of Canadians for the following year's 
campaign.* His zeal and the kind of 
warfare he waged is indicated by the 
following extract from a letter dated 
Albany, March 29th, 1777, and printed 
in the Continental Journal for April 10, 
1777 : — " About a week ago," says the 
letter, '' the famous McCay (who broke 
out of Hartford Goal last September and 
made his escape) with a party of Indians 
attack'd thirty odd unarmed recruits 
with two officers, at Sabbath-day-point, 
a little before day, as they were asleep 
round a fire; they were on their way 
from Ticonderoga to Fort George to join 
their corps. They tomahawked four of 
the men on the spot and fired a ball 
through the upper part of the breast of 
Capt. Heny, of which he is getting 
better. Capt. Whitcomb with 40 men 
was dispatch'd as soon as the account 
reached Ticonderoga with a design to 
fall in with the enemy on their way to 
Canada, and I am just now informed he 
succeeded in his plan, and has killed 
several of the Indians and wounded sev- 
eral more : I hope it may be true. Only 



Lieut, Haddens "JournaL 43 

The 6th of May Gen'l Burgoyne arrived at 
Quebec from England, it is remarkable that, that 
very day twelve-months the Garrison was re- 
lieved, and that no Ships ever arrived sooner, the 
Passage up the River be'g obstructed by the Ice. 
Preparations were now made for an Expedition 
under his Command, against Tyconderoga. 
Contracts for Horses were made and Carriages 



two of the party, beside the wounded 
officer, got clear of the Savages, the re- 
mainder that were not killed were taken 
prisoners." 

Having raised a company of one hun- 
dred men, which in the spring of 1777 
was attached to St. Leger's expedition, he 
declined the appointment as captain, 
and went upon Burgoyne's campaign as 
a volunteer. This he did, according to 
Sanguinet, because he was dissatisfied with 
Sir Guy Carleton's unwillingness to com- 
mission him, for it must be remembered 
that being appointed an officer, and being 
commissioned as one, were two very 
different things in the loyal provincial 
corps. He was a brave and active par- 
tisan, and with a party of troops and 
Indians demolished a number of wagons 
at Skenesborough which were carrying 
stores to the .\merican3, and took the 
drivers prisoners.' He rendered much 
like service throughout Burgoyne's cam- 
paign, and returned to Canada upon tiiat 
general's surrender. The following letter 
from Gen. Haidimand to Capt. McKay 
shows what a stumbling block the dec- 
lination of the command of the Canadian 
company afterwards became in the latter's 
path. 

"^ebec, the lyk July, 1 778. 
"Lt. Mackay. 

" Sir. I have rec'd a letter from you 
dated the nth of this month and in 
answer to it I can only inform you that 



as you refused the offer which Gen'J 
Carleton made you of a Canadian com- 
pany last summer, the General did not 
think proper to employ you afterwards 
in any other military capacity. As to 
the command of Phister's which you 
alledge was given you by Gen'l Burgoyne 
you must be sensible that upon its en- 
tering this province Gen'l Carleton only 
was to judge of the propriety of keeping 
it up or not, or of making what alter- 
ations he thought proper in it. No 
charge, or accusation is brought against 
you, neither is your character in any 
respect impeached. Gen'l Carleton did 
not receive the men you brought as 
troops, but as People who from their 
distressed situation wanted that some 
provision should be made for them, and I 
see no reason at present for making any 
change in the arrangements he has 
thought proper to settle in regard to this 
matter made by Sir Guy Carleton in this 
respect.'"" 

Capt McKay died in the summer of 
1779, leaving a wife and family in dis- 
tress, according to Gen'l Haidimand, who 
pronounced the deceased officer to be 
"an exceeding good soldier."" ['B. H 
^-K. Y. 33, 41, 143 : A. W. 229 : H. S 
287. 3E. 1683. •'F. 248. 5G. 451. «G 
858. 7l. 133 : H. 563, 574, 601, 633 
8F. B. 270. 9H. G. 614. '^F. L. 4 
"F. H. 134.] 



44- Lieut. Haddens yournal. 

purchased, the Batteaux's were put in repair, and 
the New Ship, called the Royal George was 
launched and fitted up to carry 24 Guns. 12 
P'rs. Some of the Rebel Vessels taken last year, 
were also put in condition to act offensively and 
went thro' several alterations. 

Gen'l Burgoyne arrived at Montreal, and the 
following Corps were order'd for the expedition, 
(viz) the 9th, 20th, 2ist, 24th, 47th, 53rd and 
62nd British Regiments with the Flank Com- 
panies of the 2vth, 31st & 34th Regiments, 
British. The Regiments of jR/z^/z, Specht, Reidesil^ 
Prince Frederick, and Hesse Hanau and the Com- 
pany of Artillery, German, with about 40 Jagers, 
& as many English Marksmen selected from 
the dififerent Regiments, & called Rangers. 
Also some few Canadians, and Provincials in all 
about 7000 Men ; including 250 British Artillery, 
& some Recruits for Gen'l Howe's Army under 
a Lt. Nutt. ('>' Under General Burgoyne, were, 
Maj'r Generals Phillips & Reidesil, Brigadiers 



ar. George Anson Nutt was com- attached to the Cambridge Parole. He 

missioned as ensign in the 33d Foot, was promoted to be capt. -lieutenant, Oct. 

Aug. a8, lyyi.and was promoted tea i, 1780, and he was exchanged Sept. 

Heutenancy, Oct. 26, 1775. How he 3, 1781. At the peace or 1783 he 

happened to be in Canada in 1776, and went upon half- pay, and did not return 

with Burgoyne in 1777, has been ex- to active service till 1787, when he be- 

plained in the Editor's Explanatory came a captain in the 6sth Foot, his 

Chapter. He and his recruits were commission bearing date on May 30th 

attached to the artillery on Burgoyne's of that year. He appears in the Army 

campaign, and were included in the Lists for the last time in 1789. [B. H. t 

capitulation at Saratoga, his name being K J. 64.] 



Lieut, HadderCs yournal. 4.5 



Frazer<^^, Powelh^\ Hamilton o-^'', Specht "'\ and Goil. 
Another expedition was also prepared under 
Brigadier Gen'l St. Leger^^'^'^ consisting of about 



as. See Appendix 9. 

at. See Appendix 10. 

au. See Appendix 1 1. 

cv. Johann Frieik-rich Specht was 
colonel of the Regiment Specht, and was 
the second in command of the Bruns- 
wickers sent to Canada in the spring of 
1776, to re-inforce Gen. Carleton, rank- 
ing next to Maj.-Gen. Riedesel. The 
Germans, it will be remembered, went 
to Canada in two divisions ; the first, 
commanded by Gen. Riedesel, arrived at 
Quebec, June I, 1776; and the second, 
under Col. Specht, reached there on the 
17th of the following September. As 
loon as Col. Specht arrived in Canada 
he assumed command of a brigade con- 
sisting of his own regiment, and tiie 
Regiment Rhetz, though he was not 
appointed a brig. -general, till Oct. 28, 
1776. The winter quarters of his 
brigade in 1776, and '77, occupied the 
parishes of Champlain, Batisca, and St. 
Anne, and there he passed the winter. 
In 1777 he and his command formed 
part of Burgoyne's expedition, and on 
the 7th of June they crossed the St. 
Lawrence en route to the place of ren- 
dezvous of Burgoyne's furce,the Regiment 
Riedesel being added to Specht's brigade, 
which was known as the First German 
Brigade. He shared in the dangers, 
misfortunes and capitulation of Bur- 
goyne's army, and on the march of the 
Convention troops to Virginia he com- 
manded the German divisions. When 
in the autumn of 1779, Gen Riedesel 
left Virginia for New York on parole 
preparatoiy to being exchanged. Gen. 
Specht assumed entire command of the 
Germans remaining in Virginia, which 



he retained until he was himself ex- 
changed in Oct., 1780. Gen. Specht 
went to Canada after his exchange, as 
we find him serving there in June, 1 78 1 ; 
and in September of that year he com- 
manded the German troops in the vicin- 
ity of Montreal. He served in Canada 
during the remainder of the war, and 
returned home with the German troops, 
entering Brunswick at the head of the 
second division (Riedesel led the first), 
in Oct., 1783. He died at Brunswick 
as a pensioned colonel, June 24, 1787. 
Unfortunately, the editor, or translator, of 
the memoirs of Maj. Gtn. Riedesel, has 
confused Col. Specht, of 'he Regiment 
Specht, afterwards a brigadier-general, 
with Lieut. -Col. Speth of the Regiment 
Riedesel, by frequently calling the latter 
Lieut. -Col. Specht, which interferes with 
the usefulness of that work in regard to 
the subject of this sketch. [K. M. 
26, 62, 66, 68, 76. 82, 100, 107 : K. 
N. 47, 73. loo. 138, '84, 206, 207, 
248 : K. L. 160 : F. E. 53.] 

aio. Barry St. Leger, a nephew of the 
fourth Viscount Doneraile, was of Hu- 
guenot descent, and was born in or about 
the year 1737.' He entered the British 
military service as an ensign in the 28th 
Foot, April 27th, 1756, and the next 
year accompanied his rcLjiment to Amer- 
ica where it served under Gen. Aber- 
cromby. He seems to have been allowed 
to jump the grade of lieutenant, and he 
was promoted to a c iptaincy in the 48th 
Foot, then likewise in America, March 
24th, 1758.= He participated in the 
siege and capture of Louisbourg in 1758, 
and accompanied Wolfe to Quebec \n 
1759, participating in the battle on the 
Heights of Abraham. The last order 
given by the dying Wolfe was — " Go, 



4-6 Lieut, Maddens Journal, 



2 Hundred Regulars, a Provincial Reg't of 200 
More and 3 or 4 hundred Wirtemburg Chasseurs, 
and to be joined by about 4 or 500 Savages in 
all it was expected he wou'd have 12 or 13 hun- 
dred Men bearing arms. He carried with him 
2 — 6 Pounders, 2 — 3 Pounders, 4 — 4^ Howitzers 
and 40 Artillery Men, under two Subalterns. 
This Detachment was destined to pass by Niagara 
across Lake Ontario to Oswego and attack Fort 



one of you, my lads, to Colonel Burton, 
tell him to march Webb's regiment" 
(the 48th) " with all speed to Charles's 
river to cut off the retreat of the fugi- 
tives from the bridge." St. Leger, who 
was in Webb's regiment, behaved gal- 
lantly near the bridge in checking the 
flight of the French, and wis slightly 
wounded.' In July, 1760, he was ap- 
pointed brigade major preparatory to 
marching to Montreal^, and he became 
major of the 95th Foot Aug. 16th, 176a. 
Upon that regiment's being reduced at 
the peace of 1763, he went upon half- 
pay. He became a lieut. -colonel in the 
army, May 25, 1772, and the lieut.- 
colonelofthe 34th Foot, May 20, I775."'' 
The Annual Register for 1773, under 
aate of April 7th, contains a notice of 
the marriage of " Lieutenant-Colonel 
Barry St. Leger, nephew of the late 
Lord Viscount Doneraile, and fellow of 
St. Peter's College, Cambridge, to Lady 
Mansel, widow of the late Sir Edward 
Mansel of Trinsaran, South Wales." 
In the spring of 1776, his regiment 
formed a part of the re inforcement sent 
over to Sir Guy Carleton, and he ac- 
companied it to Canada. He took part 
in Sir Guy's operations in 1776, and the 
next year, acting as a brigadier, he led the 
force which was intended to move 
from Oswego by the way of Oneida 
Lake and Wood creek to the Mohawk, 



thence down the river to Albany, 
where a junction was to be effected 
with Burgoyne.* The termination 
of the affair so unfortunate for its 
commander, is well known. His 
report to Gen. Burgoyne of his opera- 
tions before Fort Stanwix (or Schuyler), 
dated Oswego, Aug. 27, 1777, is to be 
found in the appendix of the State of the 
Expedition. Sir Guy Carleton evi- 
dently thought St. Leger lacking in 
vigor in disciplining his troops as shown 
by the former's letter to Gen. Maclean, 
which is as follows : 

" Hkad Quarters Quebec, 

Z^t/iju/y, 1777. 
. . . Lieut. -Colonel St. Leger may be 
informed that he ought to have seized 
and sent down here in irons, those 
Canadians whom he mentions having 
held such conversations to and occa- 
sioned the desertion of Capt. Rouville's 
Company. Two men for each deserter 
are to be demanded, upon pain ot mili- 
tary execution, from the parishes to 
which the deserters belong, and the Cap- 
tains of Militia are to be enjoined to find 
the deserters themselves, and safely con- 
duct them to where you shall direct, in 
order to their being sent prisoners to the 
companies from which they have de- 
serted, there to be tried and punished. "5 
Sept. 23, 1777, St. Leger's force 
was sent to Ticonderoga to be subject to 



Lieut. Hadden's yownaL ^J 



Stanivix^ after which Gen'l St. Leger was to 
proceed down the Mohawk^ and join Gen'l Bur- 
goyne at Albany. 

June the 4th being the Kings Birth day the 
Town (Montreal) was illuminated, and Thurs- 
day June the 5th ^■'J'J'] I crossed the St. Lawrence 
(here near two Miles wide) and arrived at Lon- 
geiul on the opposite shore, with the Detachment 
of Artillery destined for the expedition. In the 



Gen. Burgoyne's orders, but, as commu- 
nication with Burgoyne was interrupted, 
it did not proceed south of Ticonderoga, 
• and when that fortress was abandoned in 
November of that year it returned to 
Canada/ He became a colonel in the 
army, Nov. 17th, 1780''', and a brigadier- 
general in the army in Canada Oct. aist, 
1782, his command consisting of the 
troops "on the Island of Montreal, Isle 
of Jesus, Miller Island as far as Coutcju 
du Lac upon the north, and from tliencc 
to La Prairie exclusive on the south side 
of t)ie River St. Lawrence."' He was 
commandant of his majesty's forces in 
Canadi in the autumn of 1784,^ and his 
name appears in the Army Lists for the 
last time in 1785. A writer in the 
American Historical Record for 1874 
(p. 435) says he died in 1789, when he 
was a little past fifty years of age. 

It it not easy, from the data that have 
come down to us, to form a clear idea of 
St. Leger's character. His letter to Gen. 
Schuyler dated Nov. 7th, 1781, in re- 
ference to some of the latter's silver that 
had been plundered by a British scouting 
party, does not reflect upon St. Leger 
discreditably', but his duplicity in trying 
to induce the garrison of Fort Schuyler 
to surrender, cannot legitimately be in- 
cluded under the ten.-, military strategy; 
and his message holding out the terrors 
of unrestrained savage allies, was so bar- 



barous, that Col. Willett characterized it 
as "a degrading one for a British officer 
to send, and by no means reputable for a 
British officer to carry."" 

St. Leger's message prepares us to be- 
lieve the otherwise well nigh incredible 
deposition of Dr Mosgs Younglove who 
was taken prisoner at Oriskany, where 
he says he was informed by several ser- 
geants orderly on Gen. St. Leger that 
$20 were ofiered in general orders for 
every Ameiican scalp.'" 

Tlie testimony of Squire Ferris, like- 
wise, who was an American prisoner in 
Canada in the spring of 1779, is of the 
most unflattering description. Speaking 
of a party of fellow prisoners who had 
attempted to escape, Ferris says — "For 
four days before they were retaken, they 
had nothing for food but tea, and were 
so weak they could hardly walk. The 
forces at St. John's were then com- 
manded by Col. St. Lecer, a brutal 
drunkard, who ordered the prisoners to be 
ironed together, and put them in a dun- 
geon for fourteen days, at the end of 
which time, and ironed h. nd in hand to 
each other, they were sent to Chamblee 
and from there by the rivers Sorel and St. 
Lawrence to {Quebec."" ['N. 435. 'B. 
H. 'I , R. 714. *L. I: G. 2. 66. 
'F. B. 627. "F. C, 24; F. E. 85. 
'F. E. 207, 208. 8j R 9,vi u j8 
'" L. J. App. 20.. "L. M 92.] 



4 8 Lieut. Haddens Journal, 



Evening I rode over to Bouchervilie a very pleas- 
ant Village also on the Banks of the River and 
Six Miles from hence. 

Gen'l Carlton passed here this day on his way 
to St. Johns: He, with Maj'r Gen'l Jones «^ 



ax. Valentine Jones was born in or 
about the year 1723, and entered the 
British army in 1741 as an ensign in the 
33d Foot. He was present at the battle of 
Detringen in 1743 ; and at Fontenoy, in 
1745, he was one of the few officers of 
the 33d left alive. He was promoted to 
a lieutenancy, May I, 1745, during 
which year he returned to England and 
assisted in suppressing the rebellion in 
Scotland. He became capt. -lieutenant 
of the 33d, Sept. 26, 1754, and a captain 
in the 54th Foot, Oct. 13, 1755. In 
1758 this regiment was re-numbered as 
the 52d, and he became its major, Oct. 
14, 1758, and its lieut.-colonel, March 
4, 1760. During the war which ended 
at the peace of 1763 this officer was 
stationed in Ireland, where he was of 
essential service in defending many parts 
of that kingdom from the outrages of 
the White Boys. In the memorable riot 
near the parliament house in Dublin, 
which threatened the destruction of the 
Duke ot Bedford, his activity and atten- 
tion were the means of preserving the 
lives of the viceroy and the secretary, he 
being the commanding officer of the party 
which quelled the disturbance. For his 
conduct on that occasion he received the 
thanks of the House of Commons. 
He became a colonel in the army, May 
25, 1772, and in 1774, whfn his 
regiment was ordered away from Quebec, 
where it had long been stationed, the 
following gratifying address was pres- 
ented to him, viz. — 

" To Valentine Jones, Esq., Lieut.- 
Colonel of his Majesty's 5 2d Reg't of 
Foot. 



" The Address of the Subscribers, Mer- 
chants, and other Inhabitants of the city 
of Quebec. 

"Sir : It is with much concern we 
learn that his Majesty's service at this 
time calls for you and the Regiment 
under your command from this province; 
and we should on this occasion be much 
short of the respect due to you, and 
which Truth demands of us, if we did 
not take this public method of returning 
you our most sincere and hearty thanks 
for the obliging, regular and humane 
conduct you have ever observed for the 
many years you have resided among us ; 
during which you have always p.iid that 
just regard to the protection of our 
Civil Rights, and the proper Discipline 
of the Troops under your Command, as 
became the prudent and experienced 
officer. 

" We heartily wish you and the 
gentlemen of the Corps under your 
Command a safe and pleasant voyage, and 
doubt not that in your next quarters his 
Majesty's Subjects may have equal cause 
to bear Testimony of the uprightness of 
your conduct as the citizens of Quebec, 
We have the honour to be, &c." 

In December, 1774, Gen. Gage, then 
commander-in-chief in America, ap- 
pointed Col. Jones a brig. -general, and 
Capt. Edward Cane of the 43d Foot, his 
major of brigade. Gen. Jones was 
appointed a major-general in America 
Jan. I, 1776; colonel of the 62d Foot 
Jan. 15, 1776; and a major-general in 
the army, Aug. 29, 1777. He arrived 
in England from America early in 
November, 1778, and on the i8th of 



Lieut, Haddetis "JournaL 4.9 



remains in Canada, and for the defence of that 
Province retains the 29th, 31st & 34th Regi- 
ments except a hundred from the latter going 
with Brigadier Gen'l St. Leger. He has also 2 
German Reg'ts ^.y and 50 Men from Six of the 
Regiments going with Gen'l Burgoyne, in all 



that month had a conference with his 
majesty. He died at Llanidloes, Mont- 
gomeryshire, Scotland, in November, 
1779. The Gentleman's Magazine says: — 
" He had been in the army thirty- 
eight years, and during that period had 
served his country on many important 
and trying occasions. ... At the 
close of last year [1778] he returned 
from America, where he had served 
fourteen years, and viihere he had been 
employed on many services, both civil 
and military, and distinguished for his 
bravery, humanity, and evtry other virtue 
which can adorn the soldier and the 
man. Increasing infirmities, the conse- 
quences of an active and laborious life 
wholly spent in the duty of his station, 
necessarily requiring those assistances 
which could only be afforded to him in 
his own country, he died at the age of 
56, honoured with the confidence of 
men of the ablest judgement and highest 
rank in his profession ; respected and 
beloved by the army in general ; while 
his loss will be long deplored, and his 
memory revered by every domestic 
connection." [B. H.: J. C: J. D.: 
H. J. 462, 486: H.L. 466: D. W. 
S66.] 

ay. The Hanau Chasseurs must have 
been one of the two German regiments 
Hadden referred to. It probably arrived 
in Canada late in the spring or early in 
the summer of 1777, and an extract 
from a letter from Hanau, Jan. 24, 
I777i printed in the Continental 
yournal of May 22, 1 777, speaks of it 



in this wise: — 

"A corps of volunteer chasseurs are 
raising here for the service of, and to be 
in the pay of Great Britain, destined to 
join the corps of troops of Hesse Hannau 
in America. They will have the same 
high pay which the Court of London 
hath given to the Hessian Chasseurs." 

Lord George Germaine's letter to Gen. 
Carleton, dated at Whitehall, 26th 
March, 1777, to be found in the State 
of the Expedition, App. ix, directs that 
342 Hanau Chasseurs be put under St. 
Leger for his expedition against Fort 
Stanwix. 

In Col. Rainsford's Journal of " Trans- 
actions as Commissary for embarking 
Foreign Troops in the English service 
from Germany," for the years 1776- 
1777, to be found in vol. 1 2, of the New 
York Historical Society's Publication 
Fund Series, we find that three com- 
panies of Hanau Chasseurs sailed from 
S' Gravendael near Dort, April 16, 1777, 
for Portsmouth, England, and thence 
for Canada, where they subsequently ar- 
rived, serving under Sir Guy Carleton. 

PP- 430. 43'. 43^. 469. 5.42- 

The other German regiment Hadden 
referred to in the text, must have beea 
composed of the details from the seven 
German infantry regiments accompany- 
ing Burgoyne, the names of which are 
to be found on page loi of vol. I, of 
Gen. Riedesel's Memoirs, Letters and 
Journals, and which details, according to 
Riedesel, amounted to 667, but accord- 
ing to the State of the Expedition, 
App. xxviii, to 711. 



50 Lieut. Hadderi's journal. 



3500 Men including the Sick in Hospital, which 
are by no means numerous. 

Number of Artillery Men stationed at the 
different Forts & Posts in Canada after the sur- 
render of St. Johns & Chamblee, and previous 
to our arrival last year. 



at Niagara 

at Detroit 

at Oswegatchie 

at Michilimachina 



Sub'n, Non Com'd officer. 
I I 

I 



Gunners. 


Matrosses 


<< 


5 


2 


6 


<( 


I 


n 


I 



Total 



Of Col. Phillips's Company. 



Serg't 
I 



13 



Gun'rs Drum'r 

2 I 



at Quebec during the Siege 

These last under Cap't Tho's Jones, «2 and 
his w^hole command during the Siege. 



a-z. Thomas Jones entered the Royal 
Military Academy at Woolwich as a 
gentleman cadet, March 18, 1755, and 
was commissioned a lieut. -fireworker in 
the Royal Artillery Dec. 27, 1755 ; a ad 
lieut. Aprils, 1757; a ist lieut. Jan. 
Ij 17595 a capt. -lieutenant Oct. 23, 
1761; and a capt. Jan. I, I77I-' He 
served in the ist Battalion until he got 
a company, when he was transferred to 
the 4th Battalion. 2 He took part in 
the siege of Belleisle on the coast of 
France in 1761, and proceeded with his 
battalion to America in 1773.* He was 
stationed in Canada in 1775, so that he 



was in America long prior to the 
arrival of the artillery detachment that 
was sent out in the spring of 1776. 
The artillery present at (Quebec at the 
time of Montgomery's attack, and 
during the subsequent siege of the town 
by Arnold, belonged to No. 3 Company, 
4th Battalion, but they were very few 
in number. They were under the com- 
mand of Capt. Jones, whose services on 
the occasion received the highest praise. 
In the operations to expel the Americans 
from Canada in 1776, Capt. Jones took 
an active part and was attached to the 
right wing of the army.* In the autumn 



Lieut, Haddens journal. 51 

Friday, June 6th I received a letter from Bob ^^^ 
dated April i 3th he was then at Kinsale on his way 
to America, to join S'r Wm. Howe. June 7th the 
Detachment marched to La Prairie Nine Miles 
from Longeiul, above Montreal, and pleasantly 
situate on the banks of the St. Lawrence. A few 
Miles (4 or 5) above this place is a Town & set- 
tlement of Indians, called the Cochnawaugas. 
Sunday the 7th we proceeded to St. Johns, 18 
Miles, by the road on which Gen'l Gordon was 
killed. Being incumbered with many Carts &c 
destined for the expedition our march was much 
retarded by the badness of the Roads, which 
were uncommonly so notwithstanding the late 
fine weather : more than half the Carriages were 
broken & we did not get to St. John's 'till night. 
June loth M. Gen'l Phillips came to St. Johns, 

of that year he returned to England, Jones, of the British artillery, who fell 
and on the 31st of the following January in this action, was particularly dis- 
was married to a Miss Ibbetson, of tinguished." Lieut. -Col. Kingston, Bur- 
Greenwich, at St. James Church, Picca- goyne's adjutant-general, in testifying 
dilly, London.* He returned to Canada before a committee of the House of 
in the spring of 1777, arriving at Quebec Commons, speaks of Capt. Jones as 
early in June with a company of artillery', "a very gallant man," and Gens, 
and that year participated in Burgoyne's Burgoyne? and Phillips,'^ in their reports, 
campaign, on which he was attached to give him conspicuous mention. ['G. U. 
Gen. Hamilton's Brigide in the right "B. H. 3C. Z. 229, 270. '*C. Z. 304: 
wing of the army. Lieut. Hadden was E. Z. 'H. G. 3. *J. K. ''B. N. 79, 
attached to his company, and has given App. 49. ^H. L lo.] 
us, post, an interesting account of the 

almost complete annihilation of Capt. ba. Robert Hadden entered the 

Jones' company, and of the captain's death British army as an ensign in the 4th, 

at Freeman's Farm, Sept. 19. Stedman or King's Own Foot, Jan. 6, 1776, the 

in his History of the American War, in regiment then being in America. He 

speaking of the artillery in that engage- was promoted to a lieutenancy Nov. j, 

ment, says — "The intrepidity of Capt. 1777, but his military life seems to have 



52 Lieut, HadderCs yournal. 

the iith Gen'ls Burgoyne and Reidesel, June 
1 2th S'r Guy Carlton. June 13th the Stand- 
ard of England ** was hoisted on board the 
KadeaUy and saluted by the rest of the Ship- 



been brief, as his name appears in the 
Army Lists for the last time in 1778. 
He was, undoubtedly, a brother of the 
author of the text. [B. H.] 

bb. This, it is believed, must mean the 
Royal Standard, as, technically, there is 
no standard of England. The Royal 
Standard of Great Britain is a square flag 
with the national arms covering the entire 
field without any external accessories. Its 
appearance denotes the presence of a 
member of the royal family, and, when- 
ever it is hoisted, it is saluted by every 
British ship in harbor. The British 
national ensign is the Union Jack ; but 
^s each infantry regiment had a pair of 
colors, one called the King's [or, in a 
Queen's reign, the Queen's] color, being 
the Union Jack charged with some orna- 
mental device, and the other, the Regi- 
mental color, with the cypher, number, 
device, motto and honors of the corps 
<:antoned with a small Union Jack, and 
as every British vessel carried an Union 
Jack, we do not think the ordinary 
national ensign can be referred to in the 
text. The opinion that the Royal 
Standard is referred to in the text, is the 
more firmly entertained, because under 
the news from London in the Continental 
yournal and Weekly Ad-vertiser of Boston 
for September 19, 1776, the following 
item appears, viz : — " When all the 
troops that are gone out arrive in America, 
it is said that the Royal Standard is 
to be hoisted in three different parts of 
the country, when, it is thought, many 
thousand people, friends to government, 
finding themselves likely to be supported 
(who were afraid before to take [^sides'] ) 
will flock to it." 



Although St. John's, where the Stand- 
ard was hoisted, was in Canada, yet the 
British government was scarcely less 
exercised about the loyalty of the Cana- 
dians than for that of those across the 
border. Then, too, the British fleet was 
about to enter American waters, and 
Burgoyne's was one of the principal 
British armies on this side the Atlantic, 
so that if three Royal Standards were to 
have been unfurled in America, his army 
might properly enough have been selected 
as a fit locality for one of them. As the 
object of unfurling these Royal Standards 
was to inspire loyalty and fidelity to the 
king's person, and was intended to in- 
dicate, if not the actual bodily presence 
of royalty, at least the royal trust and 
confidence that the king could safely rely 
on the support of his American subjects, 
just as members of the royal family are 
not unfrequently sent to distant parts of 
the British empire as a mark of favor and 
confidence, the sending of these symbols 
of royalty was an ingenious device to 
arouse a spirit of loyalty, which, it was 
hoped, only slumbered and was not dead. 
Stedman in the second volume of his 
History of the American War, in 
writing of Cornwallis' advance northward 
through South Carolina in 178 1, says, 
" Lord Cornwallis, having thus driven 
General Greene out of the province of 
North Carolina, returned by easy marches 
from the banks of the Dan to Hillsbor- 
ough, where he erected the -king's stand- 
ard, and invited by proclamation all loyal 
subjects to repair to it, and take an 
active part in assisting him to restore 
order and constitutional government." 



Lieut, HadderCs yournaU 53 



Shif 

Injlex'tble 


I.oPr 

20 Guns. 


Schoonir 

Maria 


/. 6 P'rj. 
14 


Cuttir 

Lee*' 


/. 4 P'rs. 
10 


Gondolai 


Iron 9. 


Loyal Convert 


9 



ping & Forts. The Fleet now consisted of The 

shif Iron II PVj. 

Royal George 24 Guns. 

Brigg I. 6 PV/. 

Washington'" 1 6 

Schotnir I, 4 PV/. 

Carlton 12 

Brajj 14 PVj. 

Radeau^ now carrying 18 

Gondolas I. 6 PVj. 

and 24 Gun Boats, Mann'd and armed as last 
year with Brass Artillery, besides these 4 Gun 
Boats, as on the former Campaign, were attached 
to the advanced Corps under B. G. Frazier and 
never acted with the Fleet, carrying only the 
Artillery of that light Brigade. The Army was 
now advanced with part of the Shipping to Is/e 
au Noix and Point a Per. The Barracks, and Dock 
Tard at St. Johns were now complete for every 
necessary purpose, and the Works in a state of 
defence. June 15th The Loyal Convert, Wash- 
ington and Lee Cutter took out their Guns and 
were laden with Artillery, Stores, & Provisions, it 
being known the Enemy had no Fleet sufficient 
to oppose us : Several Gun Boats on a new con- 
struction lately sent in pieces from England, were 
left uncompleted for the same reason. This day 
Gen'ls Burgoyne & Reidesil set off for the Army. 

Monday June i6th 'jj, I embarked on board 
the same Gun Boat, I served in last year, carry- 

bc. These vessels were taken from the enemy last year. [HaJJen's Note.] 



54- Liieut^ Hadden's yournaL 

ing as before a medium 1 2 P'rs Brass, and in 
company with ye Radeau, also serv'd by Artillery, 
and 23 other Gun Boats sailed from St. Johns ; 
and came to an anchor at the Isle Au Noix, 15 
miles. The Commanding officer of Artillery 
with one Company was on board the Radeau. 
Last year this Vessel was commanded by a Lieut. 
Scott of the Navy and this year by a Midship- 
man the management of the Guns being both 
years under the Com'g Officer of Artillery's 
orders. This Vessel appears to be improper for 
the Service as she will neither Row or Sail even 
tolerably, is large and unwieldy. 

Isle Au Noix. Here we found several Block 
Houses finish'd and the Island in a tolerable state 
of defence. The 20th Regiment, in Garrison at 
this place were compensated for a scarcity of 
Fresh Provisions by the immense quantities of 
all kinds of Fish taken every where round the 
Island, which in itself is extremely barren afford- 
ing a bare subsistence for a few Horses & Cows : 
before this supply of Fish was to be had (The 
Lake being Frozen) the Men were much af- 
flicted with the Scurvey and many of them were 
brought to the General Hospital^ which during 
the last year was quartered at Montreal : A few 
Men died, but the majority recover'd, and sup- 
plies of Fresh Provisions were latterly sent to 
them across the Ice from St. yohns : The Spruce 
Beer was also served to them & with success. 



Lieut. Haddens yournaL ^t^ 

Wednesday June i8th 1777. We proceeded 
to the River La Cole, 9 Miles : this is a small 
settlement on the Eastern ^^^ shore of the Lake, 
The Man who lived here was a Taylor, and 
having received a sum of Money which he 
shewed to some of the Soldiers at the Isle Au 
Noix during the last Winter, he was pursued and 
murder'd, the perpetrators of this horrid deed 
were discover'd and one of them Executed, 
there not being sufficient proof against the rest. 

Thursday June 19th. Early this morning wc 
sailed with a very fair wind, passed Point aufer 
where a Post of 4 Companies was again estab- 
lished for a Depot, (9 Miles) we passed Isle au 
Mot, and I made a sketch of a Range of Moun- 
tains, seen from that part of the Lake. We also 
passed the Army encamped at Cm?i?nerland head ; 
passed Valcour Island, Point au Sable, Schuylers 
Island and some other small Islands called the 
four Brothers, and in the afternoon came to an 
anchor at Bouquet Ferry where the Elite of the 
Army under Brig'r Gen'l Frazer had taken post 
on the Eastern shore of the Lake. This day was 
very fine and the passage pleasant, the Lake afford- 
ing many beautiful prospects. It is thought the 
Lake is wider opposite to Cummerland Bay than 
any other part, for my part I thought it appeared 
to the full as wide near Schuylers Island, being 

bd. The river la Colle, or la Cole as of the lake, and not on the eastern shore. 
Hadden calls it, is on the western shore 



56 Lieut. Hadden's yournaL 

there about 12 or 15 Miles across, and for about 
60 Miles it does not increase or diminish con- 
siderably except under the immediate influence 
of an Island. 

The situation of one Gentleman in a space of 
35 Feet by 16 F and 18 Soldiers or Sailors does 
not appear the most eligible or comfortable as 
they cannot always be restrained nor wou'd one 
wish it : the experience of last year taught us to 
make several little conveniences particularly a 
kind of seperate Tilt over the Magazine in the 
Stern of the Boat. This space, about 6 Feet by 
5 — was sufficient to contain a small Table & 
your Baggage &c and cou'd be kept constantly 
cover'd when not Rowing against the Wind^ that 
being necessary the Cover was removed and the 
necessary Sticks remain'd bent & standing : in 
Wet weather this was a very considerable incon- 
venience. Soldiers meet with many and temporary 
reliefs are all he can hope in this kind of War. 
When at an Anchor the Men & Officer put up 
each their cover and except one Sentry went to 
rest. The Men put up 
two lashed Oars at each _l / V / 

end and by means of 
a Fifth communicating 
with these spread the 
Sail over them, which 
proved a sufficient defence against most Rains. 
The rest of the Fleet were now Anchor d at 
Split Rock in sight of this Post and Six Miles 




Lieut. Haddetis Journal. 57 



from it. The Maria excepted, she remained to 
bring up the Generals. 

June 20th Gen'l Burgoyne came up in the 
Maria. This day I visited a detached post of 
the light Infantry, two Miles up the River at 
Galinels Farm, ^"^ this is situate at the foot of a 
small Water Fall, where a great number of small 
Salmon were caught. '/ The River is not above 



be. Galinel's Farm is, undoubtedly, a 
corruption of Gilliland's farm, as 
William Gilliland not only owned the 
farm in question, but also a large tract 
of land embracing that immediate section. 
He was born in Ireland about I7 34» ^"d 
received a liberal education at the literary 
institution of Armagh. He was a man 
of cultivated mind, fine person, and 
polished manners, but the rcbult of an 
unfortunate love affair drove him to 
enlist in the army. After his discharge 
in 1758 he emigrated to New York 
where he achieved mercantile success and 
married. After the peace of 1763 he 
bought up a number of military land 
claims so that he became possessed of a 
domain on and about the river Boquet, 
having a front on Lake Champlain of 
more than six miles and ranging from 
three to four miles in the interior. There 
he established a colony similar to that of 
Col. Skene at Skenesborough. He was 
a patriot in the struggle tor independence, 
and Gen. Carleton offered a reward of 
$500 for his apprehension. He incurred 
theenmityof Benedict Arnold who sought 
to throw a cloud upon his patriotism, 
but in vain, though the attempt caused 
Gilliland no little inconvenience and 
embarrassment. At the beginning of the 
Revolution he was rich and prosperous, 
but the war destroyed his mills, houses 
and crops, and drove him from his estates ; 
and after the war he fell into pecuniary 



decay, and died in Feb., I7v6, in reduced 
circumstances. His descendants still 
survive, and some of his grandchildren 
occupy a portion of the original estate. 
For an interesting sketch of this enter- 
prising pioneer the reader is referred to 
Mr. Winslow C. Watson's " Pioneer 
History of the Champlain Valley; being 
An Account of the Settlement of the 
Town of Willsborough by William Gilli- 
land, together with his Journal and other 
papers, and a Memoir, and Historical and 
Illustrative Notes." 

hf. " The early settlers of the valley of 
Lake Champlain, found the streams upon 
both sidei filled with salmon. They were 
very large, and among the most delicate 
and luscious of all fish. At that period 
they were abundant and so fearless as to 
be taken with great ease and in immense 
quantities. A record exists of five hun- 
dred having been killed in the Boquet in 
one afternoon, and as late as 1823 about 
fifteen hundred pounds of salmon were 
taken by a single haul of a seine, near 
Port Kendall. They have been occa- 
sionally found within the last twenty 
years, in some of the most rapid streams, 
but have now totally disappeared. The 
secluded haunts they loved, have been in- 
vaded ; dams have impeded their wonted 
routes ; the filth of occupied streams has 
disturbed their cleanly habits, or the 
clangor of Steamboats and machinery has 



58 Lieut. Haddefis "Journal . 

150 yards wide, the Troops at this and the main 
post of this Corps on the edge of the Lake, 
were encamped on seperate sides of the Bouquet 
River. I did not learn from what cause this 
upper Post was taken, but as the mouth of this 
River is sometimes called Bouquet Ferry possibly 
the above Farm may have communication with 
the Country & a Ferry across the Lake has been 
formerly kept here, hi The soil tho. sandy seems 
fertile. It may not be improper to remark that 
there are but very few settlements on the Lake 
(not 20) and those only single Houses. 



alarmed their fears. Each of these 
causes is assigned as a circumstance that 
has deprived the country of an important 
article of food and a choice luxury." 
[M. Q., 351] 

bg. Although the topography of Bur- 
goyne's campaign has engaged the atten- 
tion of many writers and is generally so 
well known, yet none of them make 
any mention of the ferry, alluded to 
in the text. The only reference to 
it, seen by the editor, is contained 
in " The Eli-zabethtoivn Post and 
Gazette" for December 4, 1879, pub- 
lished in Essex county. New York, for 
a copy of which we are indebted to Wins- 
3ow C. Watson, Esq. Under the Wills- 
borough news in that paper is a descrip- 
tion of a Thanksgiving dinner given 
at Willsboro. Point by Mrs. Solomon 
Clark, in which this passage occurs : 
" Old times, and new, were discussed 
in a way to put the current historical 
accounts of the Champlain Valley quite 
in the shade. Experience and every day 
life through a period of eighty years or 
more, furnish great variety of incident, 
and the narratives of the afternoon we'd 



make a volume. One story of the early 
settlement of Willsboro' Point arrested 
our attention, and we noted the facts 
with a good deal of interest. As a mat- 
ter of course exact dates were wholly 
ignored on this tree and easy occasion, 
but it appears that at a very early period 
a man named Wilson obtained a patent 
of land from the Crown of England, and 
with his family, consisting of a wife and 
three children, came over and settled on 
a portion of the land, a little north of 
Flat Rock, on what has since been 
known as the Capt. Landon farm, now 
occupied by David Jones. The log 
cabin stood on the old road that follows 
the bends of the lake all the way along, 
and being spliced bf a ferry at the mouth of 
the Bouquet, branched off toward the 
Point, closely following the lake shore 
on the east side. The old inhabitants 
all remember this road, traces of which 
are still visible." Then follows an ac- 
count of the Wilson family as told by 
'Grandpa Clark,' who has been as- 
certained by Mr. Watson to be Orrin 
Clark, and who was eighty-two years of 
age, January 2, 1880. 



Lieut, HadderCs journal, 59 

Copy of Gen'l Burgoyne's Proclamation. 

By yohn Burgoyne Esq'r ; Lieut Gen'l of His 
Majesties Armies in America, Col. of the Queens 
Reg't of Lt. Dragoons, Governor of Fort Wil- 
liam in North Britain, one of the Representa- 
tives of the Commons of Great Britain in 
Parliament, and Commanding an Army and 
Fleet employed on an expedition from Canada 
&c &c &c. 

The Forces entrusted to my command are 
designed to act in concert, and upon a common 
principle, with the numerous Armies and Fleets 
which already display in every quarter of Amer- 
ica, the power, the justice, and when properly 
sought the mercy of the King. The cause in 
which the British Arms are thus exerted applies 
to the most affecting interests of the human heart ; 
and the military Servants of the Crown, at first 
called forth for the sole purpose of restoring the 
rights of constitution, now combine with love of 
their Country, and duty to their Sovereign, the 
other extensive incitements which spring from a 
due sense of the general privileges of Mankind. 
To the Eyes and Ears of the temperate part of 
the Public, and to the breasts of suffering Thou- 
sands in the Provinces, be the melancholy appeal 
whether the present unnatural Rebellion has not 
been made a foundation for the completest system 
of Tyranny that ever God in his displeasure suf- 



6o Lieut. Hadderis Journal. 

fer'd for a time to be exercised over a froward 
and stubborn Generation. Arbitrary imprison- 
ment, confiscation of property, persecution and 
torture, unprecedented in the inquisitions of the 
Romish Church are among the palpable enormi- 
ties that verify the affirmative. These are in- 
flicted, (by Assemblies & Committees who dare 
to profess themselves friends to Liberty,) upon 
the most quiet Subjects, v^ithout distinction 
of age or Sex, for the sole crime, often for the 
sole suspicion, of having adhered in principle to 
the Government under which they were born, 
and to which by every tye divine and human 
they owe allegiance. To consummate these 
shocking proceedings the profanation of Religion 
is added to the most profligate prostitution of 
common reason, the consciences of Men are set 
at naught and multitudes are compelled not only 
to bear Arms, but also to swear subjection to an 
usurpation they abhor. Animated by these 
considerations ; at the head of Troops in full 
powers of health, discipline, and Valour ; deter- 
mined to strike where necessary, and anxious to 
spare where possible, I by these presents invite 
and exhort all persons, in all places where the 
progress of this Army may point — and by the 
blessing of God I will extend it far — to main- 
tain such a conduct as may justify me in protect- 
ing their Lands, habitations, and Families. 
The intention of this address is to hold forth 



Lieut. Hadderi^s yournaL 6i 

security not depredation to the Country. To 
those whom spirrit and principle may induce to 
partake the glorious task of redeeming their 
Countrymen from Dungeons, and reistablishing 
the blessings of legal Government I offer en- 
couragement and employment ; and upon the 
first intelligence of their associations I will find 
means to assist their undertakings. The domes- 
tick, the industrious, the infirm, and even the 
timid inhabitants I am desirous to protect pro- 
vided they remain quietly at their Houses, that 
they do not suffer their Cattle to be re- 
moved, nor their Corn or forage to be secreted or 
destroyed, that they do not break up their Bridges 
or Roads; nor by any other acts directly or in- 
directly endeavour to obstruct the operations of 
the Kings Troops, or supply or assist those of 
the Enemy. 

Every species of Provision brought to my 
Camp will be paid for at an equitable rate and 
in solid Coin. 

In consciousness of Christianity, my Royal 
Masters clemency, and the honor of Soldiership, 
I have dwelt upon this invitation, and wished for 
more persuasive terms to give it impression ; and 
let not people be led to disregard it by consider- 
ing their distance from the immediate situation 
of my Camp. I have but to give stretch to the 
Indian Forces under my direction, and they 
amount to Thousands, to overtake the harden'd 



62 Lieut. Hadden's yoiirnal 

Enemies of Great Britain and America, (I con- 
sider them the same) wherever they may lurk. 
If notwithstanding these endeavours, and sincere 
incHnations to effect them, the phrenzy of hostility 
shou'd remain, I trust I shall stand acquitted in 
the Eyes of God & Men in denouncing and 
executing the vengeance of the state against the 
wilful outcasts. The messengers of justice & of 
wrath await them in the Field, and devastation, 
famine, and every concomitant horror that a 
reluctant but indispensible prosecution of Military 
duty must occasion, will bar the way to their 
return. 

By order of his (Signed) John Burgoyne, 

Excellency the Lt. Gen'l 
(Signed) Rob't Kingston. ^^ 
Secretary. 

Camp at Bouquet Ferry June 20th, 1777. 

bh. Robert Kingston entered the 1776, became a captain of Invalids in 
British army as an ensign in the lith Ireland.' The next year he accompanied 
Foot, Sept. 3, 1756, and was promoted Burgoyne to Canada as his deputy-ad- 
to a lieutenancy in the 2d Battalion of jutant-general^, and he became a lieut.- 
that regiment, Jan. z6, 1758, which colonel in the army, Aug, 29, 1777.' 
battalion was re-numbered, April zist of As Burgoyne's chief of staff he occupied 
that year, as the 64th. Aug. 8, 1759, a prominent position during the cam- 
he exchanged into the i6th, or the paign, and succeeded Sir Francis Gierke, 
Queen's Regiment of Light Dragoons, who was mortally wounded at B mus' 
then commanded by Lieut. -Col. John Heights, Oct. 7th, as secretary of the 
Burgoyne, with whom he served in lieut. -general.'^ 

Portugal ; and April 27, 1761, he became When Burgoyne opened the negotia- 
a captain, and July 15, 1768, a major in tions with Gates that eventuated in a 
that corps. He exchanged, in 1774, surrender, Lt.-Col. Kingston was an 
with a captain on the half-pay list of the active instrumentality; and Gen. Wil- 
li 2th Foot; but two years later he re- kinson, in his Memoirs, aiibrds us some 
turned to active service, and, April 17, interesting details of the British adjutant- 



Lieut, Haddens JournaL 63 



June 2 1 St The Gun Boats joined the rest of 
the Fleet at Split Rock (6 miles). 23d: The 
Fleet warpt up to Otter Creek (3 miles) on the 



general. " At the hour appointed," says 
Wilkinson " I repaired to the advanced 
post, accompanied by Mr. Henry Liv- 
ingston, ot the upper manor on the Hud- 
son's river. The bridge across the Fish- 
kill had been destroyed, but the sleepers 
remained. We did not wait many 
minutes before the chamade was beat at 
the advanced guard of the enemy, and an 
officer descending the hill, stepped across 
the creek on one of the sleepers of the 
late bridge ; it was ' Major Kingston, 
with a message from Lieutenant-general 
Burgoyne to Major-general Gates.' I 
named to him * Colonel Wilkinson, on 
the part of General Gates, to receive the 
message.' He paused a moment, pulled 
out a paper, looked at it, and observed, 
'My orders direct me to Major-general 
Gates'. 'It is to save time and trouble 
that I am authorised to receive the mes- 
sage you bear.' He then took General 
Gates's note to General Burgoyne from 
his pocket, read it, and said 'General 
Gates has agreed to receive the message, 
and 1 am not authorised to deliver it to 
any other person.' 'Well then. Sir, you 
must submit to be hood-winked.' He 
affected to start at the proposition, and 
objected, on the ground of its being an 
indignity : I could but smile at the ex- 
pression, and observed, that ' I had under- 
Stood there was nothing more common, 
than to blindfold military messengers, 
when they were admitted within the 
walls of a place, or the guards of a 
camp.' He replied, ' Well, Sir, I will 
submit to it, but under the express stipu- 
lation, that no indignity is intended to 
the British arms.' 1 then carefully bound 
up his eyes with his own handkerchief; 
he took my arm, and in this way we 
walked upwards of a mile to headquarters. 
Major Kingston appeared to be about 



forty ; he was a well formed, ruddy, 
handsome man, and e.\patiated with taste 
and eloquence on the beautiful scenery of 
the Hudson's river, and the charms of 
the season : when I introduced him into 
General Gates's tent, and named him, the 
gentlemen saluted each other familiarly, 
with 'General Gates, your servant,' — 
'Ah ! Kingston, how do you do ?' and a 
shake of the hand. Being seated a few 
minutes, he arose and observed he had 
certain communications to make Major- 
general Gates from Lieutenant-general 
Burgoyne, and to guard against inaccuracy 
of memory, he had committed them to 
paper, and with permission would read 
them. The General consented, and the 
Major took from his pocket and read. 
. . . " So soon as he had finished, to my 
utter astonishment, General Gates put 
his hand to his side pocket, pulled out a 
paper, and presented it to Kingston, 
observing ' There, Sir^ are the terms on 
•which General Burgoyne must surrender." 
The Major appeared thunderstruck, but 
read the paper, whilst the old chief sur- 
veyed him attentively through his spec- 
tacles. Having finished the perusal of 
the propositions of General Gates, Major 
Kingston appeared exceedingly mortified, 
and said to the General,'! must beg leave 
to decline delivering this paper to Lieu- 
tenant-general Burgoyne, because, al- 
though I cannot presume to speak for 
him, I think the propositions it contains 
cannot be submitted to.' The General 
observed that he might be mistaken, and 
that there could be no impropriety in 
his delivering them. Kingston requested 
they might be sent by one of his own offi- 
cers, which the General declined, and re- 
marked, *that as he had brought the mes- 
sage, he ought to take back the ansiver ; ' 
to which the Major reluctantly consented, 



64 Lieut, Hadden's Journal. 



Western Shore of the Lake. This Creek is here 
about 100 y'ds wide, and runs up the Country 
more than a hundred & fifty Miles towards New 



took leave and I again filletted him, and 
at his request conducted him to our ad- 
vanced guard. Very different was his 
conversation in returning, he complained 
of General Gates's propositions, to which 
I was still a perfect stranger ; talked of 
the pride and spirit of his army, and 
called my recollection to the feats per- 
formed by six British regiments at the 
battle of Minden. I felt for his chagrin, 
and said nothing to increase it ; and 
having passed him beyond our guards, I 
hastened back to headquarters, filled with 
uneasiness by the course which General 
Gates had adopted. . . . 

"About sun-set the same day it was 
notified to me that a flag waited at the 
advanced guard, and I proceeded to re- 
ceive it. I again met Major Kingston, 
who presented another message from 
Lieutenant-general Burgoyne to Major- 
general Gates, accompanied by the prop- 
ositions of the latter, which had been 
transmitted by Major Kingston, and the 
answers of the former annexed, together 
with the preliminary articles, proposed by 
General Burgoyne, which were substan- 
tially assented to by General Gates. 3" 

We do not know when Lt. -Col. King- 
ston returned to England, but June 3, 
1779, he testified before a committee of 
the House of Commons in regard to 
Burgoyne's expedition.^ He became the 
lieut.-col. of the 86th Foot, Sept. 30th, of 
that year, and was transferred to the 28th 
Oct. 13, of the following year.' A little 
later he was Lieut. -Gov. of Demerara, 
and when that island surrendered to the 
French expedition under Count Kysaint 
Feb. 3, 1782, he, with the British naval 
commander at that place, signed the 
capitulation. Lieut. -Gov. Kingston's 
proposals for terms contained the 
following rather singular proposition : 



" VI. The Lieut. -Gov. for himself 
requires, that not having troops with 
him, he may be considered in a civil 
capacity, and at liberty to join and do 
duty with his Britannic Majesty's 28th 
Regt., of which he has the honor to be 
Lieut. -Col." To this the following 
answer was returned : " vi. Lt.-Gov. 
Kingston having retired himself to his 
Britannic Majesty's squadron, from 
whence he has made his particular pro- 
posals which were rejected, I cannot 
but consider him in a military capacity, 
jointly with the commander of the squad- 
ron."-* 

Lieut. -Col. Kingston became a colonel 
in the army Nov. 20, 1782', but his 
next important service was in a quasi 
civil capacity. A bill was introduced 
into the British parliament, and passed 
without opposition in June, 1783, en- 
titled " An Act appointing Commis- 
sioners to inquire into the losses and 
services of all such persons who have 
suffered in their rights, properties and 
possessions during the late unhappy dissen- 
sions in America, in consequence of their 
loyality to his Majesty and attachment to 
the British Government." The com- 
missioners named were John Wilmot, 
M.P., Daniel Parker Coke, M.P., Col. 
Robert Kingston, Col. Thomas Dundas, 
and John Marsh, who, after preliminary 
preparations, began their inquiry in the 
first week of Oct., 1783, and proceeded 
with short intermissions through the fol- 
lowing winter and spring. The time 
for presenting claims was first limited by 
the Act to the 25th of March, 1784; 
but, by subsequent acts, the powers of the 
commissioners were extended, persons 
were authorized to be sent to America to 
procure information in regard to claims, 
and the time for presenting claims was 



Lieut, Haddens yourtjai. 65 



England.'''^" Tuesday, June 24th, a large detach- 
ment of Savages and Rangers (i. e. British Marks 
men) were sent up Otter Creek to bring in 
Forrage. The Fleet proceeded to Crown Point 
(about 20 miles) where we came to an Anchor. 
June 25th Gen'l Frazer came up with his 
Brigade, and encamp'd at Crown Point. I re- 
ceived a Letter from Bob dated Chatham Barracks 
March 5th-77, Thursday June 26th Gen'ls 
Burgoyne, Phillips & Reidesil came up with the 
army, and we received the following order Given 
out at Cummerland Head June i8th 1777. 
General disposition of the Army. The advanced 
Corps of the Army under the Command of Brig'r 
Gen'l Frazer will be joined by the Canadian 
Corps of Capt'ns Monin ki & Boucherville ^^, 

extended from time to time until 1789, whom was a captain, and the others sub- 
on May 15th of which year the commis- alterns. Some went on half-pay at the 
sioners presented their twelfth and last peace of 1763, and the officer referred to 
report ; and Parliament finally disposed of in the text was probably one of these, 



the whole matter in 1790, seven years 
after its commencement. 5 

Col. Kingston became a major general 
Oct> 12, 1793, and his name appears in 
the Army Lists for the last time in this 
latter year.' [' B. H. » F. E. 77 : B. 
N. 7Z. 3M. T. 299. 4 K. K. 333. 
SK. U. 168-170 ] 

bi. Otter Creek is on the eastern, and 
not on the western shore. 

hj. There were at least three offi- 
cers of the name of Monin, or Mo- 
nins, in the 60th, or Royal American 



but which one, has not been ascertained. 
Sanguinet, in his Journal, frequently 
speaks of an officer of this name in 
referring to Montgomery's invasion of 
Canada, and calls him an officer of dis- 
tinction — " offcier de distinction " Ac- 
cording to Sanguinet this officer must 
have been well skilled in irregular 
warfare, for he was dispatched on 
many scouts and petty expeditions. 
Oct. 9, 1775, McKay, referred to in 
the text, and Monin, with 20 Canadian 
volunteers, were dispatched to the camp of 
Gen Montgomery to take some prisoners. 
They encountered eight Americans with 
Reg't of Foot, during the war that re- whom they had a skirmish [" un petit 
suited in the conquest of Canada, one of combat"'\ in which some of the Amer- 

bk. See Appendix 12. 



66 



Lieut, Haddens your?7aL 



Cap't FVazer's *^ detachment and a body of 
Savages. The German Grenadiers and L't In- 
fantry under the command of Lt Col. Brymen ^"*, 
form a Corps of reserve, and the Regiment of 
ReidesiPs Dragoons is also out of the Line, and 
for the present will be employed to cover head 



leans were wounded, and one taken pris- 
oner. On the 29th of the same month 
a similar force, under the same leaders, 
likewise pounced upon a prisoner in the 
neighborhood of the American camp.' 
Sir Guy Carleton wrote from Quebec 
to Gen. Phillips, under date of Nov. 20, 
1776, as follows: "With respect to Mr. 
Monin you may let him know that he 
and the officers who served under him 
shall be paid in like manner according to 
their ranks, as the officers of the English 
Troops. If Mr. Monin can raise a com- 
pleat company for the ensuing campaign 
I shall approve of its being employed." ^ 
This active partizan was undoubtedly the 
officer of that name that accompanied 
Burgoyne on his campaign in 1777. 
['K. Y., 69-75. ^F. B., 270,271.] 

bl See Appendix 13. 

bm. Lieut. -Colonel Heinrich Christoph 
Breymann commanded the grenadier bat- 
talion which formed a part of the German 
troops sent to re-inforce Gen. Carleton in 
the spring of 1776. He was the third 
ranking officer among the Brunswickers ; 
and, as in case of accident to Col. Specht 
it was the Duke of Brunswick's orders 
that he should assume command of 
Specht's regiment, it is presumed that he 
was the lieut. -colonel of the Regiment 
Specht, detached to the command of a 
temporary battalion of light troops. 
Lieut. -Col. Breymann participated in 
Burgoyne's campaign, on which he com- 
manded the German light brigade. 
He was ordered to the relief of Baum at 



Bennington, and much adverse criticism 
has been made upon his tardy advance 
whereby it is asserted Baum was sacri- 
ficed. Breymann's own report upon the 
matter is to be found at page 256 of vol. 
I, of Max Von Eelking's Memoirs, Jour- 
nals and Letters of Major General Ried- 
esel and of it Gen. Burgoyne, under date 
of Aug. 25, 1777, wrote to Gen. Ried- 
esel, as follows : " I have had the honor 
of receiving your three letters, and have 
thoroughly considered the report of 
Colonel Breymann, Nothing can be 
said against the troops in regard to 
bravery. It is certain that the march of 
Mr. Breymann was very slow. It would 
have been better if he had left his artillery 
behind to follow after him under an 
escort, than to have delayed re-enforcing 
the troops." After Baum's defeat Brey- 
mann was attacked and repulsed with 
heavy loss, but managed to withdraw 
under cover of approaching darkness, 
himself being wounded. 

In the affair at Bemus' Heights, Oct. 
7, 1777, Breymann was assaulted by 
Benedict Arnold and the former was 
killed and the latter severely wounded. 
Max Von Eelking, after referring to the 
attack on Burgoyne's great redoubt, says : 
"Another body at the same time attacked 
the embankments of Breymann's division 
in front and on the left flank. The 
grenadiers comprising this corps, fought 
bravely, but being only two hundred 
strong, and their commander — the chiv- 
alric Breymann — being shot dead, they 
were compelled to retreat. This latter 
misfortune was owing to the fact that 



Lieut. Haddens Journal. 67 



Quarters. The Provincial Corps of Peters, ''-"^ & 
Jessop ^^'^ are also out of the Line. The Recruits 
of the 33d and other Regiments under Lieut. 
Nutt, are for the present to serve on board the 
Fleet. The Line upon the next movement will 



the Can idian companies, belonging to the 
reconnoitering expedition, were absent 
from their place, by the side of this 
corps, part of them being in the great 
redoubt, and the others not having re- 
turned to their position Had they been 
in their places, it would have been im- 
possible to surround the left flank of 
Breymann." [ K. M., 26, 63, 165, 
251,256, 272: K. N., 266.] 

hn. See Appendix 14. 

ho. Dr. A. W. Holden, in his valua- 
ble History of the Town of Queensbury, 
in the state of New York, thus refers 
to the Jessup brothers, one of whom is 
mentioned in the text, and both of whom 
were on Burgoyne's expedition. " At 
the outbreak of the revolution," writes 
the Doctor, "there was probably no 
where in this vicinity a stronger tory nest 
than that existing across the west moun- 
tain, some ten miles distant from Queens- 
bury settlement, under the favor and 
encouragement of the brothers, Ebenezer 
and Edward Jessup, sharp, enterprising 
and apparently unscrupulous business 
men, who had, from time to time, secured 
the giant of various patents of land not 
only within the limits of the present town 
of Luzerne, but also the extensive tracts 
known as the Hyde township and Totten 
and Crossfield's purchase, which em- 
braced the greater portion of the north- 
ern part of Warren, as well as part of 
Essex and Hamilton counties. It has 
already been shown that they held title 
to lands in the town of (^ueensbury, and 
that lumber had been sawed for them at 
an early date at the Queensbury mills. 



The private accounts of Abraham Wing 
also exhibit charges against them for 
entertainment of a verv liberal and 
generous character, at Wing's tavern. 
Somewhere about the year 1770, Ebene- 
zer removed to this then wilderness 
region, and built him a spacious log 
dwelling on the farm now occupied by 
Thurlow Leavins, and on the brook near 
by, erected a saw and grist mill. From 
him, the cataract a few milts below on 
the Hudson derived the commonly re- 
ceived name of Jessup's falls. There, 
until after the commencement of the 
revolutionary war he maintained a state 
and style of living which bespoke opu- 
lence, taste, culture, and familiarity with 
the elegancies and customs of the best 
provincial society. If tradition is to be 
credited, his commodious and comforta- 
ble dwelling, however rude may have 
been its exterior, was the frequent theatre 
of hospitable entertainments, its rooms 
garnished with elegant furniture, its 
walls embellished with costly paintings and 
choice engravings, its capacious tables 
arrayed in spotless linen and imported 
covers, and loaded with massive silver 
plate. All of this, with the many costly 
fittings and adjuncts of such a house was 
at a later date plundered and carried 
away. 

"Edward Jessup, whose patent included 
and covered the site of the present vil- 
lage of Luzerne also erected at this point 
a dwelling and mills, the first in the 
vicinity. The picturesque rapids and fall, 
which has altogether a descent of eigh- 
teen or twenty feet, hence derived the 
name of Jessup's little falls. . . The 
Jessup brothers owned a ferry across the 



68 Lieut. Haddens JournaL 



encamp in order of Battle as follows, and will 
continue the same order, (viz) — 



Germans 
2d Brigade 

] Reg'ts of "I 

[ I. Prince Frederick ( 
I and j 

J 2. Hanau J 



Lefr Wing. 
1st Brigade 

Reg'ts of 
Rheitz .1 
Specht .i 
Reidesil 3. 

under 
B. G'l Specht. BrV Gen'l Goil. 



Right Wing, 
ad Brigade 

Reg'ts 

20th I. 

2ist 2. 

62d 3. 

B. G. Powel. 



British 
I St Brigade 

f Reg'ts 

I gth I. 

I 53'! ^• 

I 47th 3. 

B. G. Hamilton. 



If it becomes necessary to form two Lines, the 
second Line is to be formed by the 2d Brigade 
British doubling on the 1st, and the 2d Brigade 



Hudson above the High falls, and the 
name of Jessup's landing on the Corinth 
side oi the river is perpetuated to this 
day." After referring to divers other 
prominent Tory families in the same 
vicinity, Dr. Holden proceeds as follows : 
" According to the tradition, in the 
month of April or JVlay, 1777, Indian 
runners were despatched to these families, 
notifying them of Burgoyne's intended 
approach, and probably with some sug- 
gestions in regard to their cooperation 
with certain bands of tories gathering in 
the lower part of the Saratoga district. 
However this may be, notice of their in- 
tentions was received, and a party of 
Whigs were despa ched in pursuit, the 
latter coming from the direction of 
Ballston. So hot was the chase, that it 
is said one of the Jessupsonly secured his 
escape by jumping across the river at 
the Little Falls. From thence he escaped 
across the town of Queensbury to Skenes- 
borough, at the head of Lake Champlain, 
and eventually found his way to Bur- 
goyne's camp at Willsborough falls. 
After Gates had assumed command of 
the army, he sent Lieut. Ellis with a 
party of men to arrest the Jessups and 
other tories in that vicinity, but finding 
them gone he, in pursuance of orders, 



destroyed the settlement, laid waste their 
grain fields and left nothing standing of 
their improvements but the mills. It is 
believed that these were afterwards de- 
stroyed. The houses had already been 
pillaged, and everything of value carried 
away" 

Dr. Holden asserts that Ebenezer was 
the Major Jessup that had a command in 
Burgoyne's army, and that Edward must 
be the one referred to as fleeing from the 
Whig party in April or May, 1777, as at 
that time Ebentzer was in Canada with 
his command. The above is, substantially, 
all that we have been able to find in print 
in regard to the Jessups, no mention of 
them occurring in Sabine's " Loyalists 
of the American Revolution j " and 
even Dr. Holden has confused the two 
brothers somewhat. Both brothers fled 
to Canada in 1776, and as they were 
led by Gov. Tryon, of New York, to 
believe that they would have important 
commands, their presence in Canada 
caused Sir Guy Carleton no little per- 
plexity as shown by letters written by 
him and others at that period, and which 
throw light upon the movements of the 
Jessups and the formation of provincial 
corps in Canada. These letters tell their 
own story so authoritatively that they 



Lieut » Haddens yournaL 69 

of Germans doubling in the same manner on 
their 1st. Gen'l Orders. Ligonier Bay June 20th. 
Lt. Gen'l Burgoyne takes the occasion of the 
Army assembling to express publickly the high 
opinion he entertains of the Troops which his 
Majesty has been graciously pleas'd to intrust to 
his Command, they cou'd not be selected more 
to his satisfaction ; and the Lieut'n General trusts 
it will be received as one mark of his attention 



are given at length, and are as follows : 

" Sir Guy Carleton to Mr. Jessup. 
" Head Quarters at Quebec, 

1 9^/4 November^ ^11^- 

"Sir: I am commanded to acquaint 
you that Sir Guy Carleton has received 
your letter of the / 5th Instant and will 
in a few days answer it fully ; in the 
meantime His Excellency desires you 
will send him a list of the persons who 
accompany you, and the particulars of 
the information which you mention to 
have given relative to the operations of 
General Howe's army &c., General 
Phillips not having transmitted them. 

" I am &c. 
«• To Mr. Jessup" 

"Sir Guy Carleton to Maj. Gen. 
Phillips. 

" Head Quarters at Quebec, 

•' 29M No'vember, 1 77 6. 

"Sir: The plan approved by Gov. 
Tyron as Mr. Jessop reports seemi to 
me very judicious ; it is to be wished 
this Gentleman and his followers had re- 
mained at their own homes till it re- 
mained practicable; it cannot now take 
place before next summer; in the mean- 
time I should recommend it to them 
to join Sir John Johnson's regi- 
ment and enclosed is an order for Major 
Grey to take them under his command. 



to pay three of those destined by Gov. 
Tryon to be officers as Captains, half the 
remainder as Lieutenants, the other half 
as Ensigns, three of the remainder as 
Serjeants, three as Corporals, and the 
rest as privates. 

" Mr. Jessop will declare upon his 
honour who are destined as officers and 
rank them according to merit. Major 
Grey will pay them at that rate from the 
day they joined the King's forces, and 
may either cloath them as the Royal 
Reg't of New York, or buy them some 
cheap uniform cloathing to keep them 
from the severity of the weather as you 
shall be pleased to direct. 

"This is not intended to interfere with 
any project of Mr. Tryon's to advance 
them higher but merely as an asylum, 
till they can do better for themselves ; 
they will then be at liberty both men 
and officers, if, on reflection they do not 
think it more advisable to be incorporated 
with that corps." 

" Sir Guy Carleton to Mr. Eben. 
Jessop. 

" Head Quarters, Quebec, 

" 1st December, I 776. 
"Sir: I have it in command to ac- 
quaint you that Hii Excellency, the 
Com'd'r in Chief, has been pleased to 
make provision for the present for your 
party, after a manner :he particulars of 



JO Lieut. Haddens 'Journal. 

to their glory and welfare, that with the 
promise of every encouragement the Service will 
allow, He declares a determination, and he calls 
on every officer to assist him to maintain a steady, 
uniform system of subordination and obedience. 
The following standing regulations are laid down 
to prevent the necessity ot lengthening the daily 
orders, and are to be invariably observed. 

Officers of all Ranks commanding Posts, and 
Detachments, are constantly to Fortify in the 



which will be communicated to you by 
Maj. Gen. Phillips whom you will accord- 
ingly apply to for that purpose. 

"I am likewise to signify to you that 
Mr. Jones is to be paid as a Surgeon's 
Mate " 

•' Sir Guy Carleton to Major Grey. 
" Head Quarters, Quebec, 

" ist Dec.^ ^11^- 

''Sir: His Excellency, the Com'd'r 
in Chief, having made provision, the 
particulars of which have been com- 
municated to Maj. Gen. Phillips, for the 
party of the inhabitants of New York 
who have joined the King's corps under 
the conduct of the Messrs. Jessops, I am 
commanded to acquaint you that upon 
the said parties joining your reg't you are 
to receive them under your command, to 
victual them in like manner as the troops 
and pay them as officers, non-commis- 
sioned officers and privates according to 
a list which shall be delivered to you by 
Mr. Ebenezer Jessop, approved by Maj 
Gen. Phillips." 

" Sir Guy Carleton to Maj. Gen. 
Phillips. 

*' Head Quarters, Quebec, 
" 1 2th December^ '^11^- 
" Sir : I have rec'd your four letters 
of the yth of this month. 



'•It is my intention that the Messrs. 
Jessops should be two of the three Cap- 
tains I have mentioned, if they chuse to 
accept of it, as a provision for them in 
their present situation ; if they do not 
the number of Captains will be so much 
the less. 

" I cannot enter into Mr. Tryon's 
designs with regard to these gentlemen, 
nor can I form Battalions of officers upon 
every application, especially where the 
appearance of men for them is so little. 
If hereafter from a concourse of people 
to join the army I should find that it 
may be of use for His Majesty's service 
to form corps of them it will be time 
enough to consiHer then of the proper 
persons to set at their head, but at present 
I cannot alter the regulations I have 
made and signified to you above and by 
my letters of 29th Nov'r. Mr. Adams 
I think, may be satisfied with the rank 
and allowance of a Lieutenant." 



M 



3J- 



Gen. 



"Sir Guy Carleton 
Phillips. 

" Head Quarters, Quebec, 

" 23d March, \~i11. 
"Sir : . . I have upon several 
occations acquainted you that neither the 
Jessup's party nor any of the others taking 
refuge with the army belong to the Corps 
of Sir John Johnston, but are only 



Lieut. Hadden^s yournal. 71 



best manner the circumstances of the place, and 
the implements at hand will permit ; Felling 
Trees with their points outwards, Barracading 
Churches and Houses; Brest works of earth and 
Timber are generally to be effected in a short 
time, and the Science of Engineering is not 
necessary to find and apply such resources. The 
practice of Fortifying which is very useful in all 



attached to it in order to be under the 
care of Major Gray ; the paying there- 
fore Atherton and Smith as officers can 
have no relation to that reg't, and I gave 
Major Gray directions again when I was 
in Montreal to account with them for 
their allowance." 

" Sir Guy Carleton to Maj Gen. 
Phillips. 

''Head (Quarters, Quebec, 

" 3d April, J 777. 

"Sir : . . I know no such thing 
as Jessup's Corps, mentioned by Major 
Gray, nor did I direct that Adams' party 
should be compelled to join Mr. Jessup's 
and his followers ; they are at liberty to 
follow what plan of life they please except 
that they must be obliged to continue in 
a fixed residence, and not move from it 
but by permission from you or Major 
Gray, as it is improper for many reasons 
that they should straggle about the 
country. I have given full directions 
about all these people in my former 
letters to which I must refer you."' 

By an " Abstract of Subsistence claimed 
by the several Corps of Loyalists for the 
Campaign 1777, under Lieut. -Gen'l 
Burgoyne, and likewise private claims 
for provisions furnished to his army as 
adjudged by a Board of Officers assem- 
bled at St. John's in February, 1781," 
£loz8 131. SW., were allowed "to 
Eben'zr Jenup, Esq., Sub'ce for the Corpi 
under his command."* 



It is not quite easy to get at Burgoyne's 
real opinion of the provincial corps under 
him. In writing to Lord George Ger- 
main from Skenesborough under date of 
July II, 1777, when everything had 
gone well with him, Burgoyne says : — 
" Mr. Peters and Mr. Jessup, who came 
over to Canada last autumn, and pro- 
posed to raise battalions, one from the 
neighbourhood of Albany, the other from 
Charlotte county, are confident of success 
as the army advances. Their battalions 
arc now in embryo, but very promising ; 
they have fought, and with spirit. Sir 
Guy Carleton has given me blank com- 
missions for the officers, to fill up occa- 
sionally, and the agreement with them 
is, that the commissions are not to be 
so effective, till two-thirds of the bat- 
talions are raised. Some hundreds of 
men, a third part of them with arms, 
have joined me since I have penetrated 
this place, professing themselves loyalists, 
and wishing to serve, some to the end of 
the war, some for the campaign. Though 
I am without instructions upon this sub- 
ject, I have not hesitated to receive them, 
and as fast as companies can be formed, I 
shall post the officers till a decision can be 
made upon the measure by my superiors. 
I mean to employ them particularly upon 
detachments, for keeping the country in 
awe, and procuring cattle, their real use 
I expect will be great in the preservation 
of the national troops : but the impression 
which will be caused upon public opinion. 



72 Lieut. Hadden's 'JournaL 

Services is particularly so in this, where the enemy 
infinitely inferior to the Kings Troops in open 
space, and hardy combat, is well fitted by dis- 
position and practice, for the stratagems and en- 
terprizes of little War ; and neither the distance 
of Camps, nor the interference of Forrests and 
Rivers, are to be looked upon as security against 
his attempts; upon the same principle must be a 
constant rule, in or near Woods to place advanced 



should provincials be seen acting vigor- 
ously in the cause of the King, will be 
yet more advantageous, and, I trust, fully 
justify the expence."3 When revievi^ing 
the evidence taken by the House of 
Commons in 1779, after having been 
embittered by defeat, Burgoyne says : — 
"The Provincial Corps, of which I had 
two in embryo, and several detached 
parties, were yet a heavier tax upon time 
and patience. They were composed of 
professed Loyalists, many of whom had 
taken refuge in Canada the preceding 
winter, and others had joined as we 
advanced. The various interests which 
influenced their actions rendered all 
arrangement of them impracticable. One 
man's views went to the profit which he 
was to enjoy when his corps should be 
complete; another's, to the protection of 
the district in which he resided ; a third 
was wholly intent upon revenge against 
his personal enemies ; and all of them 
were repugnant even to an idea of 
subordination. Hence the settlement 
who should 4Ct as a private man, and 
who as an officer, or in whose corps 
either should be, was seldom satis- 
factorily made among themselves ; and 
as surely as it failed, succeeded a refer- 
ence to the Commander in Chief, which 
could not be put by, or delegated to 
another hand, without dissatisfaction, 



encrease of confusion, and generally a 
loss of such services as they were really 
fit for, -vi-z.. searching for cattle, ascertain- 
ing the practicability of routes, clearing 
roads, and guiding detachments or columns 
upon the march." 

In a note he adds, — " I would not be 
understood to infer, that none of the 
Provincials with me were sincere in their 
loyalty ; perhaps many were so. A few 
were of distinguished bravery. . . I 
only maintain that the interests and the 
passions of the revolted Americans con- 
center in the cause of the Congress; and 
those of the Loyalists break and sub- 
divide into various pursuits, with which 
the cause of the King has little or 
nothing to do." ■* 

The loyalist corps that served under 
Burgoyne, seem to have led a precarious 
existence after their return to Canada, 
as we find a warrant evidently antedated 
Quebec, July 19, 1779, issued by order 
of Gen. Haldimand for the payment of 
£163481. lod. ster'g, "being the allow- 
ance made for the present relief of several 
Corps of Royalists belonging to Gen. 
Burgoyne's Army, and sundry other 
persons who have taken refuge in this 
province from the Rebellious Colonies be- 
tween the 25th June and 24th August, 
1779, inclusive." The ''Subsistence 
Return for Royalists commanded by 



Lieut, Hadden^s yournaL 73 

Gentries, where they may have a Tree or some 
other defence to prevent their being taken off 
by single Marksmen. Together with these pre- 
cautions, Officers will ever bear in mind, how 
much the puhlick honor & their own are con- 
cerned in maintaining a Post, and that to justify 
a retreat, in the present War the numbers of the 
Enemy must [be) superior to that which wou'd 
make their justification, when acting against Brave 



Capt. McAlpine," on which the above 
warrant was issued, shows that the money 
was for the following parties, as the 
Return denominated them — 





men 


" Capt. Daniel McAlpine 


78 


Mr. Jessups 


98 


Mr. Peters 


61 


Part of Capt'n Leake's 


30 


" Mr. Adams's 


34 


Those not attached to parties 


36 



337 

Of these Capt. McAlpine, Eben'zr 
Jessup, Edward jessup, John Peters, and 
Justus Sherwood, the latter being in 
Peters's party, as well as some others, 
each received £30. s 

Later on, in 1779, Gen. Haldimand 
determined to reorganize these loyalist 
corps, if possible, as shown by his letter 
to Lord George Germaine, dated Quebec, 
Nov. 1st, 1779, ^"'^ which is as follows : 

"My Lord: I have the honor to 
represent to your Lordship that several 
Gentlemen amongst whom are Capt. 
McAlpin (formerly a Capt'n in the 60th 
Reg't), Mr. Leake (son of the late 
Commissary General), Messrs. Peters and 
Jessup, having in consequence of Gov. 
Tryon's Proclamation raised corps, with 
whom they joined Gen. Burgoyne's Army, 
but having been by his misfortune dis- 

10 



persed, they took refuge in this Province, 
with part of their men, and made appli- 
cation to me to have their corps re-estab- 
lished and put upon the same footing 
with the Provincial Corps that have 
joined the Southern Army, but the 
difficulty I found in procuring men for 
the Royal Emigrants, and Sir John 
Johnson's Corps, and fearing tJiat raising 
others mi^ht interfere with their success, 
1 from time to time put them off. Find- 
ing these Reg'ts have not benefitted by 
my design and seeing that the Trial may 
be made without much Expense to Gov- 
ernment (these Gentlemen with a number 
of other Refugees Loyalists, being indis- 
pensably supported at the public expense) 
and that such Corps once raised would be 
useful, particularly as they will be re- 
cruited upon the Frontiers of Hampshire, 
and give an influence towards Vermont 
and that neighborhood, I have thought 
it expedient to make the attempt and 
shall begin with Two Battalions. 

" 1 shall not give the officers commis- 
sions until their men arc raised, and in 
proportion to their success, I shall enlarge 
the Plan, trusting I shall be fortunate to 
obtain the King's approbation of what I 
do for the best, and that I shall be 
enabled to fulfil the expectations of these 
Gentlemen by putting them upon the 
footing with the other Provincials serving 
with the Army. As soon as the Winter 



74 Lieut. Haddens 'Journal, 

and disciplined Forces ; The Officers will take all 
proper opportunities to inculcate in the Men's 
minds a reliance on the Bayonet; Men of their 
bodily strength and even a Coward may be their 
match in Firing ; But the Bayonet in the hands 
of the Valiant is irrisistable. The Enemy con- 
vinced of this will place their whole dependence 
in Intrenchments and Rifle Pieces ; It will be 
our glory, and our preservation to Storm when 
possible. 

The attention of every officer in action is to 
be employed in his Men ; to make use of a Fusil 
except in very extraordinary occasions of im- 
mediate personal defence, wou'd betfay an igno- 

sets in I shall permit them to send out Edward Jessup must liiicwise have 

people and to employ their Friends upon commanded a corps in 1780, as in the 

the Frontiers in raising men and shall " Return of the killed and wounded of 

give them every assistance in my power the detachment under the command of 

to effect their purpose Major Carleton, the nth of October, 

"I shall at the same time set about 1780," in the Northern Invasion of 

raising some companies of Canadians . . New York in that year, we find re- 

and shall need arms for the purpose." "^ ported in "Major Jessup's corps I private 

How rapidly success attended this en- wounded " ^ 
terprise we do not know, save that we Both Ebenezer and Edward Jessup 
find a list of " Officers in a Corps of were included in the New York Act of 
Royalists to be commanded by Major Attainder, all their property being con- 
Edward Jessup," whose commissions bore fiscated. 

date in November, 178 1, Major Jessup's Ebenezer probably settled in Canada 

being dated Nov. 12th. This corps was at the end of the war, and Edward un- 

•called the Loyal, or Royal Rangers, and doubtedly did, as, in the ^ehec Gazette 

its list of officers likewise contains Pen- for Jan. 13, 1791, in a list of civil pro- 

sion and Invalid Lists, which latter list motions we find the name of Edward 

is as follows : Jessup, Esq., as a Justice of the Peace for 

f "Lieut. Col. Jessup as Cap- the District of Montreal. [' F B. 266, 

I tain 17th Nov., 1781 279, 282, 283,298,391, 401. ■ F. 

„^ . I Gilbert Sharp as Lieut. G. 94. 3 B. N. App. 20. •♦ B. N. 

« Pensioners. -j ^jj^ov., 1781 102. 5 F. F. 150, 152, 154. « F. 

I Edward Jessup, Ensign, H. 266. ' F. E. 180, 181: F. M. 

[ 24th Nov., 178 1 "' 81. 8G.K. 136.1 



Lieut, HadderCs yournaU 75 

rance of his importance, and of his duty. No 
occasion can make it necessary to keep the Arms 
loaded in the Bell Tents, ^i' nor are the Battalions 
of the Line ever to be loaded upon the March 
'till very near the time when they may be ex- 
pected to engage. No parties are to go from 
Camp with or without arms without a propor- 
tionable number of officers Not only discipline 
and honor but also the safety of the Troops 
require the strictest prohibition from straggling 
and plundering, and the Savages and Provost 
will have orders to punish offenders in these 
respects instantly, and with the utmost rigour. 
The Camp will always be extended as widely as 
the ground will admit for the sake of cleanliness 
and health, but as it must often happen that the 
extent will be insufficient for the Line to form 
in the front of the encampment according to the 
present established rule of open Files^ and two 
deep. The Quarter Master General will there- 
fore mark at every new Camp a portion of 
ground each Battalion is to clear, over and above 
its own front in order to make the work equal ; to 
clear this ground must be the immediate business 
after arriving in Camp, and in this Country it 
may often be necessary to have an alarm post *2' 

bp. Bells of Arms, or Bell Tents, in front. [G. N.] 
were a kind of tents in the shape of 

a cone, where the company's arms were bq. Alarm post, in the field, was the 

lodged in the field. They were generally ground appointed by the quarter-master 

painted with the color of the facing general for each regiment to march to, 

of the regiment, and the king's arms in case of an alarm. [G. N.] 



76 Lieut. Hadden^s Journal, 

clear'd in the Rear as well as in the Front. By 
clearing is meant removing such obstructions as 
might prevent the ready forming of the Troops 
to receive, or advance upon the Enemy. It is 
not necessary to cut the large Trees for that 
purpose, except where they may afford shelter 
for the Enemy. Quarter Guards ^^'* are always 
to face outwards and at the distance of a hundred 
yards from the Bells of Arms, and to have a 
Jiech *^ of earth or Timber thrown up before 
them. When the encampment of the Line is 
with tlie front to the water, and too near to admit 
of this Regulation, the Quarter Guards are to be 
Posted in the Rear, and of the Flank Regiments 
occasionaly on the Flanks. Tho' the ground 
will seldom admit of strict regularity in pitching 
Tents they are never to be placed so as to in- 
terfere with the Line of defence. All Deserters 
from the Enemy, suspected Spies, or other 
persons, piesenting themselves at the out Posts, 
or otherwise stopp'd, are to be sent forthwith to 
head Quarters without questioning them. In 
all duties by Detachment the Corps will furnish 
according to their effective strength. When the 

hr. Advanced or quarter-guards are each battalion, at Z22 feet before the 

soldiers entrusted with the guard of a front of the regiment, f G. N."! 
post, under the command of one or more 

officers. This word, quarter-guard, also bs. Fkche, in field fortification, is a 

signifies the place where the guard work of two faces, usually raised in the 

mounts. It was also sometimes used to field, to cover the quarter-guards of a 

designate a small guard commanded by a camp or advanced post. [G. N.] 

Bubaltern officer, posted in the front of ^ 



Lieut, Haddens journal. 77 

Lieut't General visits an outpost, the men are 
not to stand to their Arms or pay him any com- 
pliment. The Articles of War which regard 
the Men are to be read at the head of every 
Regiment tomorrow evening at the Parade, and 
afterwards these Regulations. The daily duties 
will be as follows. One Brigadier General for the 
day, who will visit the out posts and have a 
general inspection over the Camp, all reports are 
to be made thro' him, except when any alarm 
or exigency require instant notice to the Com'r 
in Chief. 

A Major of Brigade for the day, who is to 
parade all Guards, Detachments &c. 

The Picquet when the last Brigade arrives, 
will consist of one Field officer for each Wing, 

Sub'rn Serg't Corp'l 

one Captain from each Brigade, i 1 i 

and 25 Privates from each Regiment, a Drum- 
mer to be furnished by the Regiment that gives 
the Captain. The whole Picquet to assemble 
half an hour before Gun Firing at the Centre of 
the Line, and to be exercised in marching and 
charging Bayonets, under the inspection of the 
Brigadier of the Day, in order that the British 
and German Troops may acquire an uniformity 
of pace and motion when acting together in 
Line. Half the picquet is always to lye posted 
during the Night at some distance from the 
Camp and at such places as may be exposed to 



yS Lieut, Haddens yournal. 



the secret approach of the Enemy. It will be 
the care of the Brigadier of the day to post them. 

Finis. 

Thursday June ye 26th upon the arrival of 
the rest of the Army Gen'l Frazer's Corps moved 
towards Tyconderoga and landing at Putnams 
Creek, 7 miles higher up on the Western side 
were joined by the Savages &c who went up 
Otter Creek and made this Tour under Captain 
Frazer, nothing of consequence occurr'd during 
their expedition. I was this day order'd on Shore 
with Cap't Borthwick's ^^ Company and 4 — 6 



bt. William Borthwick was connected 
witti the Royal Artillery for more than 50 
years. He entered the Royal Military 
Academy at Woolwich as a gentleman 
cadet, Feb. i, 1756, and was commis- 
tioned as a lieut. -fireworker in the Royal 
Artillery, April i, 1756, a 2d lieut., 
April 2, 1757, a ist lieut., Sept. 10, 1759, 
a capt. -lieutenant in the 4th Battalion, 
Dec. 7, 1763, and a captain in the 3d Bat- 
talion, Jan. 29,1773, his being No. S Com- 
pany, 3d Battalion, now " D " Battery, 
4th Brigade. He served in Canada in 

1776, and on Burgoyne's expedition in 

1777, on which, however, he saw little 
service, as he with a portion of his company 
formed part of the garrison of Ticonderoga, 
while Burgoyne with the bulk of his army 
moved down the Hudson. In Nov., 
1777, after Burgoyne s surrender, the 
garrison of Ticonderoga abandoned the 
fort and returned to Canada, where 
Capt. Borthwick served during the re- 
mainder of the American war. The 
only other notice of this officer, during 
that war, found by us, is in an order 
issued from headquarters at Montreal, 



Aug. 24, 1778, wherein he, with 60 
men of the Royal Artillery, was directed to 
march forthwith from Quebec and take 
up quarters at Sorel. Capt. Borthwick 
became a major in the artillery, Dec. I, 
1782, lieut. -colonel March 16, 1791, 
colonel Oct. 20, 1794, and colonel-com- 
mandant Nov. 12, 1800, his successor 
having been appointed Oct. 14, 1801. 
He was made a major-general Jan. I, 
1798, and a lieut. -general Jan. i, 1805. 
He died at Greenwich, in Kent, Eng- 
land, June 27, 1808, aged 76 years. 

This officer must not be confounded 
with another of the same name in the 
Royal Artillery, who entered at Wool- 
wich, as a gentleman cadet, Oct. 22, 
1772, became a 2d lieut. in the Royal 
Artillery March 26th, 1777, a ist lieut , 
Nov. 12, 1779, a capt. -lieutenant March 
24, 1791, a captain Oct. 20, 1794, a 
major in the army, Jan. I, 1798, a major 
in the artillery, Sept. 12, 1803, a lieut.- 
colonel in the army Sept. 25, 1803, 
a lieut. -colonel in the artillery July 20, 
1804, a colonel therein April 30, 1809, 
and a major-general Jan 1,1812. This 



Lieut. Haddens JournaL 79 

Pounders to join the Right Wing of the Army 
at Crown Point. Two Medium 12 P'rs were 
landed and Posted on the Right Flank of the 
Army, as also Two in the Center of the Right 
Wing. Capt. Pauch^^'- of the Hessian Artillery 
was sent with his own Company and Four 6 
Pounders to join the Germans, now encamped 
on Windmill Point. Two Gun Boats were order'd 
round to South Bay to secure the Right of the 
Army and Capt. Mitchelson (R. Ar'y) ^^ ^ith 
Ten others proceeded after Gen'l Frazer, the 
Vessels destined for his protection being de- 
tained at Crown Point by contrary winds. 



latter officer commanded the artillery at 
Ciudad Rodrigo in 1812, where he was 
wounded, and for his services received a 
medal. [B. H : G. U : C. Z : D. A : 
F. E. 108.] 

hu. Capt. Pausch, who commanded 
the Hanau artillery with Burgoyne, was 
at the battle of Bennington where he 
lost two guns. He was included in the 
Saratoga Convention and signed the 
Cambridge parole. 

h-v. Walter Mitchelson entered the 
Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, as 
a gentleman cadet, Sept. 2, 1756. He 
became a lieut. -fireworker in the 1st 
Battalion of the Royal Artillery, June 8, 
1757 ; a 2d lieut., Aug. i 5, 1760 ; a ist 
lieut. in the 2d Battalion, May 23, 1764 ; 
and a captain-lieutenant, Jan. I, 1771, 
that being the highest rank to which he 
attained. He was quarter-master of the 
lit Battalion of the Royal Regiment of 
Artillery, March 8, 1776, and so continued 
until his death. He doubtless went to 
Canada with the artillery detachment in 



the spring of 17765 at all events he was 
in Canada at that time, and the next 
year took part in Burgoyne's expedition. 
Kane in his Artillery List, says he died 
in North America, Sept. 7, 1777. 
Lieut. Hadden, writing in his Journal 
under date of Sept. 17, 1777, giving the 
artillery arrangements for the march on 
the west side of the Hudson, states that 
Capt. Mitchelson commanded the right 
brigade of the Park of Artillery under 
Capt. Carter, and gives the composition 
of his brigade. This, however, by no 
means proves that he was then with his 
brigade, as the order was doubtless de- 
termined on before, and this was the 
proposed disposition. Though he had 
been sick, yet if expected to join his 
command shortly, the order would not 
necessarily have been changed, and had 
he been left behind on the march sick, 
he might have died several days before 
the news would have reached an ad- 
vancing column. His name appears for 
the last time in the Army Lists in 1777. 
[B. H : G. U : E. Z.] 



8o Lieut. HadderCs yournaL 

June 28th Gen'l Orders. Signals, 

Two Guns, the whole to form in front of the 
encampment leaving their Tents standing : Four 
Guns, the Mens Tents, Provisions, and Ammu- 
nition to be put in the Batteaux's, the Officers' to 
be left in charge of a Guard and brought up 
afterw^ards, the number of Batteaux's allotted in 
this case, is, to each Battalion British 17 : to 
each German Battalion 22 the rest are to bring 
up the Officers' Tents and Baggage. These are 
standing orders during the Campaign. 

N. B. Each Batteaux was calculated originaly 
to carry from 25 to 30 Men. 

The following list of Intrenching Tools were 
attached to Capt. Borthwick's & Pauche's 
Brigades, [viz. J 



No 



Spades 80 

Shovels 20 

Felling Axe's 50 

Pick-Axe's 60 

Hoes 20 

Hand Bills 25 

Hand Hatch'ts 25 
Hand Barrows 5 

Wheel Barrows 14 

Sand Baggs 180 

Gen'l Orders. Any Tools that the Regiments 
may want for clearing their Camps &c will be 



Each Weighing 


Total Weight, lbs. 


6 lbs. 


480 


8 


160 


8 


400 


7 


420 


7 


140 


2 


50 


2 


50 


18 


90 


40 


560 


IS 

18 


150 



Lieut. Haddens 'Jour72aL 81 

deliver'd them on proper application and receipt, 
and so soon as done with are to be returned to 
the Artillery. 

June 30th B. G'l Frazer's Brigade moved 
forward, and disembarked on a point of Land on 
the Western Shore Three Miles from Tycon- 
deroga from which circumstance 'tis called Three 

o 

Mile Point, The Army Received Provisions to 
the 8th July inclusive. 

G. O. The Army embarks tomorrow, to ap- 
proach the Enemy. We are to contend for the 
King, and the constitution of Great Britain, to 
vindicate Law, and to relieve the oppressed — a 
cause in which his Majesty's Troops and those of 
the Princes his Allies, will feel equal excitement. 
The Services required of this particular expedition, 
are critical and conspicuous. During our progress 
occasions may occur, in which, nor difficulty, 
nor labour nor Life, are to be regarded. This 
Army must not Retreat. The General ^''' to beat 
tomorrow in place of the Revalley at the dawn 

biu. Major James, in his Military Tat-too or tap-too, to order all to retire 

Dictiunary, in speaking ot the drum calls to their quarters. 

during the period of our Revolutionary The re-veil/e, always beats at break of 

war, says : day, and is to warn the soldiers to rise, 

" The various beats are as follows, and the sentinels to forbear challenging, 

viz. : and to give leave to come out of quarters. 

TAe general, is to give notice to the To arms, for soldiers who are dispersed, 

troops that they are to march. to repair to them. 

~| to order the troops to Tie retreat, a signal to draw off from 

TAe aaembly, I repair to the place of the enemy. It likewise means a beat in 

The troop, [rendezvous, or to their both camp and garrison a little before 

J colors. sun-set, at which time the gates are shut. 

The marf^, to command them to move, and the soldiers repair to their barracks, 

always with the left foot first. The alarm, it to give notice of sudden 

II 



82 Lieut. Haddens yournal. 

of Day, the Assembly to beat an hour afterwards 
at which time the whole will embark. A Field 
Officer with loo British, and loo Germans to 
remain at Chimney Point to take charge of the 
provisions & Stores at that place. The Wings 
are to take up their new encampment in Two 
Lines. So soon as the Regiments are encamp'd 
a working party of 20 Men and a Subaltern from 
each will parade in front of their respective 
Regiments. 

Tuesday. July \st This day the Army em- 
barked, the weather being fine and the River, in 
general about a Mile wide between Crown 
Point and Tyconderoga, was in a manner cover'd 
with Boats or Batteaux's ; some of the Armed 
Vessels accompanied us, the Music and Drums 
ot the different Regiments were continually 
playing and contributed to make the Scene and 
passage extremely pleasant. The British Troops 
disembarked on the Eastern or Tyconderoga bx 
side about Four Miles Short of it ; and the 
Germans on the Western or Mount Indepen- 
dence side. Except Col. Brymen's Corps attached 
to Gen'l Frazer as a reserve, and Reidesil's 
Dragoons to cover Head Quarters remained with 
the British Troops. 

danger, that all may be in readiness for bx. This is an error. Ticonderoga 

immediate duty. is on the west side, and Lieut. Hadden's 

The parley, ") is a signal to demand map so delineates it, and Mount Inde- 

some conference with pendence is on the east side of Lake 



The ihamade,) the enemy." Champlain. 



p 



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Lieut, Haddens "JournaL 83 

Position of the Army. Gen'l Frazier con- 
tinued in his post at Three Mile Point. The 
British and Germans encamped on the opposite 
shores about 1 2 or 2 Vliles below. The Troops 
were employed in clearing the Front of their 
encampments and cutting Roads of communica- 
tion between the different Brigades. 

July 2d Maj'r Gen'l Phillips, taking command 
of Brig'r Gen'l Frazers Corps, and one British 
Brigade advanced to a Hill called Mount Hope 
about 1400 }''ds from the Enemies Works, and 
gained possession of it without opposition. 
Owing to a mistake I was all last Night em- 
ployed in Landing the Guns & Stores. One of 
the men stumbled over the small stumps in the 
new clear'd Road & broke three of his Ribs : I 
remark this to shew the necessity of cutting the 
small Bushes very close to the ground where 
men are to pass and repass in the Night time. 

July 2nd The Savages getting drunk advanced 
too near the Enemies Lines, in the Evening. 
This folly terminated in an Officer being sent 
to bring them off, in doing which he was 
wounded : ^y One Savage Killed & another 
Wounded. 

July 3rd The L't Artillery of the Brigades 
advanced and join'd them at Mount Hope, In 

by. The officer wounded July id, re- ton, 53d regiment. [G. X. 174.] 
ferred to in the text, was Lieut. Haugh- 



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84 Lieut, HadderC s yournal, 

doing which the Enemy fired on us from their 
Batteries, (thro, openings in the Woods on the 
Road) and one Man was Killed : They also fired 
upon our new encampment which was on that 
account retired a little. 

July 4th The Artificers were employed in 
repairing the Bridge at the Saw Mills burnt by 
the Enemy, and making a Road to the top of a 
high Mountain called Sugar Loaf Hill. This 
height commands both Mount Independence, and 
Tyconderoga — The former at the distance of 1600 
Yards, and the latter at 1400. 

July 5th Two Medium 12 Pounders were 
landed and taken up Sugar Loaf Hill, and a 
working party of 400 Men, order'd from the 
Right Wing in order to erect a Battery the next 
evening. About the middle of this day, two of 
our Gun Boats were order'd to proceed towards 
the Enemies Works 'till fired upon, in order to 
form a judgement of the number of Guns bearing 
on the Water. It was found impracticable to 
force their Boom with our Shipping. B. Gen'l 
Hamilton's Brigade moved to Three Mile Point, 
and it was determined for the Germans to move 
across the Creek in their Front and cut off a 
retreat towards Huberton, as also to prevent any 
supplies being thrown in from that Quarter. 
During this night the Rebels about 3 or 4 
Thousand in number abandon'd their Works at 



Lieut, Hadden's yournal, 85 

Tyconderoga and Mount Independence leaving 
behind them all the Guns, Stores, and Provisions, 
except 300 Barrels of Powder on board one of 
their Vessels ; a large Detachment of them pro- 
ceeded towards Huberton and the rest embarking 
on board their Vessels, and Batteaux's proceeded 
towards Skeensborough. 

July 6th At daybreak this Morning the 
retreat of the Enemy was discover'd, and B. 
Gen'l Frazer, with about 8 or 900 of his own 
Corps (leaving the rest with the Tents Batteaux's 
&c &c) pursued them towards Pluberton, leaving 
his Artillery which the Road was not capable of 
receiving. 

About 8 o'clock in the morning the Fleet 
being in readiness, and the Troops embarked, 
proceeded (thro, a passage between the Piles in 
the Enemies Boom) towards Skeensborough. 

About 2 o'clock, B. G'l Frazer came up with 
the party he pursued, who having been joined 
by some reinforcements intended for the Garri- 
son, considerably out number'd him, and the 
affair was at least doubtful the Enemy having 
nearly turned his Flank, when a Detachment 
under Maj'r Gen'l Reidesil (The Chasseurs & 
Jagers) sent as a support very fortunately came up, 
and checking this attempt of the Enemy they 
immediately gave way on all sides. Col. Francis ^^ 

bz. Ebenezer Francis came from an ren of Ebenezer Francis, by his wife, 
old Massachusetts family. He was the Rachel Whitmore, the widow of Ebcne- 
eldcst son and the fifth of the nine child- zer Tufts ; and was born in Medford, 



86 Lieut, Hadden^s yournai. 



who commanded with 200 others were killed, 
about as many wounded and taken Prisoners. 
This Detachment being fatigued and having their 
wounded to take care of, who were dispersed in 
the Woods, took post here, and no farther 
pursuit was attempted by that Route. The 



Dec. 22, 1743. He lived in Medford 
during his minority and was very dili- 
gent in the pursuit of knowledge. He 
moved to Beverly, and, in 1766 married 
Judith Wood, by whom he had one son 
and four daughters. He was com- 
missioned as captain July i, 1775; ^^- 
came colonel of a regiment raised for the 
defence of Boston July 28, 17765 and 
was stationed on Dorchester Heights 
until December of that year.' The Con- 
tinental Congress on Sept. 16, 1776, 
authorized the raising of 88 battalions to 
serve during the war, 15 of which were 
assigned to Massachusetts, and Col. 
Francis was appointed to one of them.^ 
Each state appointed the officers for its 
own quota, and Col. Francis's letter to 
James Bowdoin, in acknowledgment of 
his appointment, will give us a little 
glimpse of the man. 

" Dorchester, 
'^ No'vembcr ye zSt/i, 1776 

"Honourable Sir: Permit me to 
request of you the favour of returning 
the honourable Board my most hearty 
thanks for the honour done me in ap- 
pointing me Colonel of one of the new 
regiments now raising for the defence of 
these States. It will ever be my greatest 
solicitude to honor the station in which 
they are pleased to place me, and hope I 
may be so happy as to do real service to 
my country. 

" I have the honour to be, with great 
esteem, your most humble servant 

" Eben'r Francis. 
" To the Honourable the President of the 
Council Board 3'' 



The iith Massachusetts, under Col. 
Francis, proceeded to Ticondcroga, in 
Jan., 1777, and when that fort was 
evacuated the following July upon the 
approach of the British under Burgoyne, 
Col. Francis, with his regiment, formed 
a part of the rear guard under Col. Seth 
Warner, and was killed at the battle of 
Hubbardton, July 7, 1777. His chap- 
lain says " No officer so noticed for his 
military accomplishments and regular life 
as he was. His conduct in the field is 
spoken of in the highest terms of praise."' 
The British Ensign Anburey, who 
participated in the action, gives us some 
interesting items in regard to Col. Fran- 
cis. " After the action was over," says, 
Anburey, " and all firing had ceased for 
near two hours, upon the summit of the 
mountain I have already described, which 
had no ground any where that could 
command it, a number of officers were 
collected to read the papers taken out 
of the pocket book of Colonel Francis, 
when Captain Shrimpton, of the 62d 
regiment, who had the papers in his 
hand, jumped up and fell, exclaiming, 
'he was severely wounded'; we all heard 
the ball whiz by us, and turning to the 
place from whence the report came, saw 
the smoke : as there was every reason to 
imagine the piece was fired fiom some 
tree, a party of men were instantly de- 
tached, but could find no person, the 
fellow, no doubt, as soon as he had fired, 
had slipt down and made his escape. "•» 

The same officer, when a prisoner 
in New England, under date of May 10, 
1778, relates this interesting incident.-^— 



Lieut. Maddens journal, 87 



Troops British and German behaved well on this 
occasion, unfortunately we gained nothing but 
honor, and the immediate movements of the 
Army were incumber'd or rather prevented, it 
being absolutely necessary to detain this Detach- 



" A few days since, walking out with 
some officers, we stopped at a house to 
purchase vegetables, whilst the other offi- 
cers were bargaining with the woman of 
the house, I observed an elderly woman 
sitting by the fire, who was continually 
eyeing us, and every now and then 
shedding a tear. Just as we were quit- 
ting the house she got up, and bursting 
into tears, said, 'Gentlemen, will you let 
a poor distracted woman speak a word to 
you before you go ?' We, as you must 
naturally imagine, were all astonished, 
and upon enquiring what she wanted, 
with the most poignant grief and sobbing 
as if her heart was on the point of break- 
ing, asked if any of us knew her son, 
who was killed at the battle of Huber- 
ton, a Colonel Francis. Several of us 
informed her, that we had seen him 
after he was dead. She then enquired 
about his pocket-book, and if any of his 
papers were safe, as some related to his 
estates, and if any of the soldiers had got 
his watch ; if she could but obtain 
that in remembrance of her dear, dear, 
son, she should be happy. Captain Fer- 
guson, of our regiment, who was of the 
party, told her, as to the Colonel's papers 
and pocket-book, he was fearful they 
were either lost or destroyed ; but pulling 
a watch from his fob, said, ' There good 
woman, if that can make you happy, 
take it, and dGo bless you.' We were 
all much surprized, as unacquainted, as 
he had made a purchase of it from a 
drum-boy. On seeing it, it is impossible 
to describe the joy and grief that was 
depicted in her countenance; I never in 
all my life, beheld such a strength of 
passion \ she kissed it, looked unuttera- 



ble gratitude at Captain Ferguson, then 
kissed it again ; her feelings were inex- 
pressible, she knew not how to express or 
shew them j she would repay his'kind- 
ness by kindness, but could only sob her 
thanks ; our feelings were lifted up to an 
inexpressible height; we promiied to 
search after the papers, and I believe, at 
that moment, could have hazarded life 
itself to procure them."S This watch is 
now in the possession of the Massachu- 
setts Historical Society, to whom it was 
presented by two of Col. Francis's 
grand-daughters. 

But one opinion was entertained of Col. 
Francis by friend or foe, and that is well 
expressed by one who fought against him 
in the battle that ended his life. An- 
burey fitly sums up Col. Francis's char- 
racter, when he says, — " that brave 
officer, Col. Francis, whose death, though 
an enemy, will ever be regretted by those 
who can feel for the loss of a gallant and 
brave man."* Three of Col. Francis's 
brothers were officers during the Revolu- 
tionary war and served with much 
credit.^ The Colonel's only son, Ebene- 
zer Francis, died in Boston, Sept. 21 
1858, in the 83d year of his age. He 
left a fortune estimated at between three 
and four millions of dollars, which he 
had made himself; and he filled some of 
the most honorable positions in the 
commonwealth. His descendants still 
survive, and are among the most respect- 
able and influential people in Massa- 
chusetts? ['B. I. 194-196, 513. M 
L. 187. 3K. 900. ■•O. 331. 5P. 208- 
10. SQ. 336. 71. J. 88: F. U. U. 
347] 



88 Lieut. H add en 5 Journal. 

ment as a cover for the Wounded, till they cou'd 
be removed to Tyconderoga & this from many 
difficulties w^as not effected for some days, in 
which time the Enemy recover'd from their 
panic ; this wou'd not have been the case had 
they been pursued towards Fort Edward by the 
way of Skeensborough, the Route of the Army 
pointing that way, whatever ground we drove 
them from, was gained, and in place of retiring 
such Detachments the Army wou'd necessarily 
have moved forward to them. Our loss in ye 
above Affair was \j Officers ^"'^ and 109 Rank & 
File Killed or Wounded. As a proof of what 
may be done against Beaten Battalions while 
their fears are strong upon them, an Officer and 
15 Men detached for the purpose of bringing in 
Cattle tell in with 70 Rebels, affecting to have 
the rest of his party concealed and assuring them 
they were surrounded, they surrender'd their 
Arms and were brought in Prisoners. ^^ 

About 4 o'clock in the afternoon Some of our 
Gun Boats came up with the Enemies Vessels 

ca. The casualty list of British 
officers at Hubbardton was as follows : 







Killed. 




Major 


Grant, 






24th Reg't. 


Lieut. 


Douglas, 






29th «' 


« 


Haggart 


'wo 


UNDED. 


Marines. 




Light 


Infantry 




Major 


Lord Ba 


ilcarres, 


53d Reg't, 


Capt. 


Harris, 
Craig, 






34th " 
47th " 


Lieut. 


Cullen, 






53d " 


(i 


Jones, 




- 


62d " 



Grenadiers. 






Capt. Stapleton, died 


of 


hi 


is 


wounds, 






9th 


Major Acland, 






20th 


Capt. Ross, 






34th 


" Shrimpton, 






62.* 


Lieut. Rowe, 






9th 


" Steele, 






29th 


" Richardson, 






34th 


Volunteer Lindsay. 








Only 16 names are 


given 


in thi 


[G. X. 174-] 








cb. See Appendix 


15- 







list. 



Lieut, Haddens JournaL 89 

near S keens borough 36 Miles from Tyconderoga, 
a smart Action ensued for half an hour when the 
rest of our Fleet appearing in sight, the Enemy 
abandon'd their Vessels, Five in Number, and 
one Skow with an Iron Howitzer, thus ended 
their irrisistable Naval Armament Built last year. 
Our loss was One Artillery Officer Killed, and a 
Volunteer Wounded. ''^ The Fleet came up to 
Skeensborough notwithstanding the commu- 
nication is so narrow in some places that the 
Ships Yards almost touched the Precipices which 
over hung them ; The Enemy might have done 
great execution by leaving a Detachment on the 
shore to harrass them, and this Party cou'd have 
retired and concealed themselves from any force 
landed against them. 

July 7th Lt. Col. Hill ^<^ was detached with 
the 9th Reg't to Fort Anne, 14 Miles, on the 
Road to Fort Edward and the same distance 
from it. 



cc. The British officers killed at tenant in the 19th Foot Sept. 4, 1756, 
Skenesborough, were Second Lieut, and drops out of the Army Lists in 
Clelland, Royal Artillery, and Volunteer 1758. 

Sutton. [G. X. 174] The John Hill referred to in the text 

was tirst commissioned, so far as we can 

cd. Three John Hills appear in the ascertain, as a lieutenant in the 24th 
British Army Lists at the same time. Foot March 15, 1747-8. He became 
The first entered the army as an ensign the adjutant of his regiment Aug. 25, 
in the ist Foot, or the Royals, March 1756, and capt. -lieutenant of it March 
24, 1746 7 , became a lieutenant April 9, 1757. He was promoted to a 
9, 1756 ; a captain Sept. 3, 1766 ; and captaincy in the 13th Foot Dec. I, 1758, 
major July i, 17745 his name appearing and to the majority Oct. 10, 1765. Hi« 
for the last time in the Army List of 1776. regiment was stationed at Gibraltar from 
Another John Hill appears as a lieu- 1759 to 1763, and at Minorca from 1770 

12 



90 Lieut. Hadderi's journal. 

July 8th The Gun Boats returned to Tycon- 
deroga, and thence proceeded up the Creek 
towards Lake George as far as the Bridge at the 
Saw Mills. The Brigade of Artillery attached 
to the Advanced Corps, only, remained with the 
Army to wait its return, it being determined for 
the rest to proceed across Lake George. 

Wednesday July 9th We began disembarking 
Guns & Stores from the Gun Boats at the Bridge 
in Saw Mill Creek. 

July loth Capt Borthwick's Company moved 
to the other end of the Portage at the entrance 



to 1775, inclusive. He became a lieut.- 
colonel in the army Sept. ii, 1775, and 
he lieut. -colonel of the 9th Foot Nov. 
10, of the same year.' This regiment 
formed part of the re inforcements to Sir 
Guy Carleton, and arrived in Canada in 
the spring of 1776. The following year 
it shared in Burgoyne's disastrous cam- 
paign. When the Americans evacuated 
Ticonderoga, iSurgoyne, with the gunboats, 
pursued by water to Skenesborough ; 
Gen. Fraser with the light troops followed 
by Gen. Riedesel, pursued by way of 
Hubbardton; and Col. Hill, with the 
9th, was dispatched in the direction of 
Fort Anne in pursuit of Col. Long, who, 
with his regiment and the invalids, had 
retreated in that direction. The Ameri- 
cans ascertainingcthe weakness of Col. 
Hill's force boldly attacked him, and he 
was hard pressed and beaten back; 
though the British phrase it, in Bur- 
goyne's language, as follows : — "Lieut. - 
Col. Hill found it necessary to change his 
position in the heat of action."* The 
American Gen. Wilkinson, in his 
Memoirs, says, Lieut. -Col. Hill " was 
obliged to retreat, and Col. Long, for 
want of ammunition, could not pursue 



him. "3 Sergeant Lamb of the 9th, 
who took part in the affair, says that 
Capt. Money's sounding the Indian war 
whoop threw the Americans into con- 
sternation just as the British ammunition 
was failing; and he would have us infer 
that the Americans withdrew, and not 
the British, as he says, " after the 
Americans had retreated we formed on 
the hill. "4 Lieut.-Col. Hill served 
through Burgoyne's campaign, and was 
included in the Saratoga Convention, his 
name being signed to the Cambridge 
Parole. He saved the colors of the 9th 
Regiment by secreting them in his pri- 
vate baggage ; as private baggage was, 
by the terms ot the convention, secured 
to its owners, the colors were not dis- 
covered by the Americans, and on his 
return to England Lieut.-Col. Hill pre- 
sented them to the king, who rewarded 
services of such questionable merit by 
appointing Hill as one of his aids.s Hill's 
last promotion seems to have been as 
colonel in the army May 16, 1782; 
and his name appears for the last time in 
the Army Lists in 1783. ' ['B. H. »B, 
N. App. 19. 3M. T.I 90. 'G. V. 
141, ct post. °G. C, 32.] 









l^'rx 




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[9 <5(^ ^ >>x'^ 










*t^? 



'Id** 



'^^b.^ 



v^^.'^ 









^' 







\ 



Ljieut. Hadden^s journal, 91 

of Lake George, carrying with us all the Artillery 
then landed. 

Gen'l Orders Skeensborough House luly i ith. 

On the 6th July The Rebels were dislodged 
from Tyconderoga by the mere continuance and 
activity of the Army, and on the same day driven 
beyond Skeensborough on the Right — to Huber- 
ton on the left with the loss of all their Artillery ; 
five of their Armed Vessels taken or blown up, 
by the spirrit'd conduct of Capt Carter ''^ of the 



ce. John Carter entered the Royal 
Military Academy at Woolwich, as a 
gentleman cadet, Feb. i8, 1752. He 
became a lieut. -fireworker in the Royal 
Artillery, March i, 1755 ; a 2d lieut., 
April I, 1756; a ist lieut., April 2, 
1757 ; a capt. -lieut.. Jan. i, 1759 j and 
a captain, Dec. 7, 1763 ;' and for five 
years after getting a company, his was 
No. 7 Company, ist Battalion, now ♦' 4 " 
Battery, 5th Brigade. 3 After the peace 
of 1763 he was, for a time, stationed at 
the regimental headquarters at Wool- 
wich.* He was in Canada in the spring 
of 1776, when he helped to drive the 
Americans out of that province. Next 
to Major Williams he was the oldest 
artillery captain on Burgoyne's expedition. = 
He had command of the gun boats on 
the pursuit of the Americans to Skenes- 
borough after the evacuation of Ticon- 
deroga, and he succeeded in destroying 
five of their armed vessels, with all their 
baggage and a large amount of ammuni- 
tion.? August 4, 1777, Gen. Phillips 
appointed him commissary of horses to 
the Royal Artilleiy ; and, when the 
army approached the American force on 
the west bank of the Hudson, he com- 
manded the park of artillery.* He was 
included in Burgoyne's capitulation, and 



his name is attached to the Cambridge 
Parole. Capt. Carter became a major in 
the army, Aug 29, 1777- ; and when 
a part of the Convention troops were 
moved from Cambridge to Rutland he 
was the senior officer of the Rutland 
troops." Anburey, in his travels, refers 
to the ' humanity of Major Carter ' while 
at Rutland in interesting himself very 
warmly in behalf of three British officers 
who had resented an American ' insult ' 
with blows, and thereby got themselves 
confined in the guard house. Major 
Carter " frequently remonstrated with the 
Commanding Officer of the guard, at the 
cruelty and injustice of their conduct 
towards them, but not being able to ob- 
tain redress, demanded a pass to send an 
officer to Cambridge, in order to repre- 
sent the afi-'air, through General Phillips, 
to the Commandmg Officer at Boston. 
Major Carter then informed these Gentle- 
men, that as he thought it necessary for 
the good of the troops in general, to make 
their treatment a public concern, it was 
his orders they should wait the result of 
General Phillips's interference with the 
American General, and not act for them- 
selves in the business on any account." 
After three days Major Carter received a 
reply from Gen. Phillips, " which re- 



92 Lieut, Had den's Journal. 

Artillery with a part of his Brigade of Gun 
Boats, a very great quantity of Ammunition, 
Provisions, and Stores of all sorts and the greatest 
part of their Baggage fell into our hands. On 
the yth B. Gen'l Frazer at the head of a little 
more than half the advanced Corps without 
Artillery (which with the utmost endeavours it 
was impossible to get up) came up with near 
two Thousand of the Enemy strongly posted 
attacked & defeated them with the loss on the 
Enemies part of many of their principal Officers 
Two hundred Men Killed on the spot a much 
larger number wounded and about 200 made 
Prisoners. Major Gen'l Reidesil with his ad- 
vanced Guard consisting of the Chasseur Com- 
pany and Eighty Grenadiers arrived in time to 
sustain B. G'l Frazer and by his judicious orders 
and spirrited execution of them obtained a share 
for himself and his Troops in the glory of the 
Action. On the 8th Lt. Col. Hill at the head 
of the 9th Regiment was attacked at Fort Anne 

probated in the strongest terms, the im- General, than they had the justice of the 

prudence of those gentlemen, in paying Americans."? Major Carter died in Amer- 

attention to the insolence or abuse of the ica, March 17, 1779', and though his 

people of the country, the General ob- name disappears from the Royal Artillery 

serving 'that they should listen to the after the Army List of 1779, it is carried 

abuse of the Americans, as to the mere on the list of majors in the army till 

cackling of geae •^'' and concluded with 1782. Burgoyne's Orderly Book is 

saying, ' He should not concern himself in error in saying "he reached the rank 

with a boxing match.^'"'' Consequently of Lieutenant-Colonel in the Army In 

the incarcerated officers had to employ 1783, when his name is dropped," as his 

a lawyer on ' exhorbitant terms ' " to highest regimental rank was that of 

relieve themselves from the horrors of a captain, and his highest army rank that 

dungeon, on quitting which, it was their of major. ^ ['G. U. ^B. H. 3C. Z. 

observation, that they had little more 176. -^C. Z. 244. sL. E. 324 : B. 

reason to extol the humanity of their own N. 97. *E. Z. 'P. 238, et post.'\ 



Lieut. Haddens 'Journal. 93 

by more than six times his number ''f and repulsed 
the Enemy with great loss after a continued fire 
of Three Hours. In consequence of this action 
Fort Anne was burnt and abandon'd and a part 
of this Army is in possession of the Country on the 
other side. These rapid successes after exciting 
a proper sense of what we owe to God, entitles 
the Troops in general to the warmest praise and 
in a particular manner distinction is due to B. 
Gen'l Frazer who by his conduct & Bravery 
supported by the same qualities in the Officers 
and Soldiers under his command, effected an ex- 
ploit of material service to the King and signal 
honor to the profession of Arms : This Corps 
have the further merit of having supported 
fatigue & bad weather without bread and without 
murmur. Divine Service to be performed on 
Sunday morning next, and a Feu de joye in the 
Evening, at the head of the Line, the advanced 
Corps, Tyconderoga, Crown Point, the Camp at 
Castleton and the post of Bryinens Corps. These 
orders will be read to every Battalion. 

July 1 2th, Brig. Gen'l Frazer and the Corps 
detached at Castleton &c joined the Army at 
Skeensborough. One German and one British 
Regiment were left in Garrison at Mount Inde- 

cf. Hadden has greatly magnified the rank and file on its casualty list, it 

the number of the Ame.icans at Fort had one officer killed, and four wounded ; 

Ann Had not their ammunition given one of the latter, Capt. Montgomery, 

out, the British 9th regiment would have being likewise taken prisoner, 
had a sorry time of it. As it was, besides 



94- Lieut. Haddens yournai. 

pendence and Tyconderoga : Governor Skeene <^9 
was appointed to act as Commissioner and to ad- 
minister the Oaths of Allegiance, and grant cer- 
tificates to such inhabitants as sue properly for the 
same, and regulate all other matters relative to 
the supplies and assistances required from the 
Country or voluntarily brought in. It was deter- 
mined by Gen'l Burgoyne that all the provisions, 
and Stores, Artillery &c (except one Lt. Brigade) 
shou'd be passed over Lake George to the Right, 
under the escort of one Reg'mt and the Corps of 
Royal Artillery ; as the Enemy had Vessels on 
this Lake a sufficient number of the Gun Boats 
were kept armed and clear for Action, the rest 
were loaded with Stores and Provisions. The 
Army was to pass by Fort Anne carrying with 
them, thro, tf^ood Creek as many Batteaux's 
as wou'd be necessary to Transport their Provis- 
ions down the Hudsons River. After the 
Action at or near Fort Anne, the 9th Regiment 
were withdrawn and joining the Army at Skeens- 
borough, no other Detachment was sent out, 
arid the Enemy tho. not victorious were the 
real gainers by this affair, the advantage they 
made of it, was to Fell large Tree' s across Wood 
Creek, and the Road leading by the side of it to 
Fort Anne. The clearing of which cost the Army 
much labour and time, and gave the enemy spir- 
rits & leisure to wait those reinforcements which 

eg. See Appendix i6. 



Lieut. Haciden^s yournal. 95 

enabled them to retire deliberately, always keep- 
ing near enough to prevent our sending out 
small Detachments : a large Corps advanced to 
Fort Anne (in place of the gth Reg't) wou'd 
have encreased the Enemies Fears and prevented 
these delays. The proper Corps for this purpose 
had taken another Route, (G'l Frazer's) and 
whatever footing the General might wish to put 
the Action near Huberton upon, that Corps cer- 
tainly discover'd that neither they were invincible, 
nor the Rebels all Poltroons; On the contrary 
many of them acknowledged the Enemy behaved 
well, and look'd upon General Reidesel's fortu- 
nate arrival as a matter absolutely necessary ; 
This eclaircisement should have taken place when 
something more than honor was to be gained ; 
We were now at Skeensborough, having lost 
near 200 Men, and this post was gained with 
the loss of One officer & One Volunteer, all our 
other posts being relinquished, & the communi- 
cations in front to be repaired before we cou'd 
proceed. 

July 13th G. Orders. A working party to 
parade tomorrow morning at daybreak to make 
Roads & communications towards Fort Anne 
and also to draw Batteauxs over the carrying 
place into the Creek, whatever number of Men 
may be required for these purposes Brig'r Gen'l 
Frazer's Corps and the Line will furnish. 



96 Liteut, Haddens yoiirnal 

Monday July 14th On the Right. The rest 
of the Artillery being Landed proceeded from 
the Saw Mills to the other end of the Portage at 
Lake George, 

July 15th Carriages resembling a Waggon 
without the Body, (of two sizes, the larger for 
Transporting Gun Boats, and the lesser for Bat- 
teaux's) being put together and some Horses 
arrived from Canada several Gun Boats and Bat- 
teaux's were brought over the Portage and 
launched in the Lake George : This business 
was much retarded for want of Horses which 
agreeable to a Contract were to be sent across 
Lake Champlain in Floats. 

July 2 1 St. Nothing extraordinary happen'd 
'till this period. The Troops being employed in 
repair'g the Communications &c &c &c. 

July 22nd the Roads being complet'd and the 
Creek cleared Geni Burgoyne gave out the fol- 
lowing order. The Guards of the Advanced 
Corps to be relieved by the same numbers of the 
Line this Evening at Sun-sett. 

July 23rd The advanced Corps moved to Fort 
Anne, 14 Miles. G. Orders. When the Army 
moves a Detachment of 50 British, 50 Germans 
and 50 will remain posted at Skeensborough tor 
some days. Lt Hetherington c/i (of a Provin- 
ce. Provost Marshal Hetherington, Saratoga Convention, and was exchanged 
or Etherington, was included in the Sept. 3, 1781. [K. J. 64.] 



Lieut, Haddens yournal. 97 

cial Corps) is appointed Provost Martial to the 
Army and will at all times have a guard of 10 
British and 10 Germans. 

July 24th : G. Orders. Skeensborough. 
The Provisions &:c of the Army (Tents ex- 
cepted) to be loaded this afternoon. The 
General to beat tomorrow instead of the Re- 
valley, The Tents are then to be put on board 
and the Batteauxs proceed immediately under a 
proper escort. The assembly to beat an hour 
afterwards and the Troops will then march. 
Reidesils Dragoons makes the advanced Guard 
and the rear Guard to be composed of one Cap- 
tain and Company from the Rear Regiment ; 
The Provincials are in the Rear of the British ; 
The Carts are to fall in between the main body 
and the rear Guard, and the Provost Guard a 
Quarter of a Mile in the Rear of the whole. 

This movement of the Army was deferr'd 'till 
the day following, when it moved to Fort Anne 
14 MileSy and B. Gen'l Frazers Corps proceeded 
to Jones's Far?n (about 7 Miles farther) in the 
Pitch Pine Plains. 

G. Orders, at Fort Anne July 27th 

The 2ist Regiment will immediately join the 
advanced Corps leaving a Subaltern and Twenty 
Men as an escort for Gen'l Burgoyne; Two 
Pieces of Cannon are to go with the Regim't, 
(The Germans remained here.) The Right 

13 



98 Lieut, Haddens JournaL 

Wing to hold themselves in readiness to march 
in the same order as from Skeensborough on the 
shortest notice. 

The 28th B. Gen'l Frazer's Corps moved to 
the cross Roads about 2 Miles short of Fort 
Edward. 

July 29th He was joined by all the British 
except the 21st Reg't and two Pieces of 
Cannon under Capt Jones. (R. Ar'y)- This 
Detachment were left at yofies's Farm to secure 
the communication with the Post at Skeens- 
borough. In the afternoon the R't Wing moved 
forward to Fort Edward 14 Miles from Fort 
Anne, 

July 29th Gen'l Orders : The Advanced 
Corps will encamp on the height beyond Fort 
Edward, The Indians, Canadians and such of 
the Provincials as are armed, in iheir front and 
on their flanks ; The head Quarters will be at 
the Red House near the Fort cover'd by Reid- 
esils Dragoons who will encamp on the plain ; 
The Right Wing will encamp on the rising 
ground on this side the plain. The left Wing 
(Germans) will remain at Fort Anne till further 
orders to aid in the Transport of Provisions &c. 
Nothing material happen'd on this march ; the 
Country is in general barren, a Sandy Soil & 
cover'd with tall Pine Trees. 



Lieut, Hadderi's yournal. 99 

Memorandwn. Four Companies of the 21st 
Reg't being detached about 300 yards across a 
Bridge, with the Two Guns Cap't Jones, R. A., 
took command of the whole ; in consequence of 
which Major Foster ^'^ Commanding the Reg't 
left the other Six Companies to join these four 
and supersede Capt "Jones — " Sic transit gloria 
Mundi:' 



ci. George Forster began his military 
career Oct. 2, 1755, ^' ^" ensign in the 
8th, or King's Regiment of Foot, In 
whicli be was promoted to be a lieut., 
Sept. 26. 1757. He served in Germany 
during the Seven Years War, and was 
further promoted to a captaincy in his 
regiment, Dec. 25, 1770.' At the 
breaking out of the American revolution 
the 8th was stationed on the frontier of 
Canada, and early in 1776 Capt. Forster 
was posted at Oswegatchic, now Ogdens- 
burgh. He ommanded the mixed force 
of British, Canadians and Indians, that 
captured the American post at the Cedars 
in iMay, 1776, as well as the force under 
Major Sherburne a (iew days after, and 
his treatment of the prisoners thus taken, 
excited much feeling and controversy at 
the time. The British and Canadian 
accounts acquit Capt. Fo'ster of all 
blame, and ac<.ord him great praise for 
his conduct'; and Sir Guy Carleton thus 
wrote to him from Montreal, under dare 
of June 20, 1776, " Your last expedition 
has acquired you great honour, the next 1 
hope will prove no less fortunate. "3 

The .American version, however, is very 
dirFerent, as shown by tlie action of Con- 
gress July lo, 1776, fi) be round at length 
in the Journals of Congress, vol. 2, pp. 
256-260. [See also Am. Arch., 5th 
Ser., vol I, pp 158-170.] The report 
of the C')mmittee of Congress upon the 
matter states, among other things, "That 



immediately on the surrender, the garri- 
son was put into the custody of the 
savages, who plundered them of their 
baggage, and even stripped them of their 
deaths. . . . That two of them " 
(/. e. of Major Sherburne's force) '' were 
put to death that evening " (May 20th), 
" four or five others at different times 
afterwards, one of whom was of those 
who surrendered on capitulation at the 
Cedars, and was killed on the 8th day 
after that surrender ; that one was first 
shot, and while retaining life and sensa- 
tion, was roasted, as was related by his 
companion now in possession of the 
savages, who himself saw the fact ; and 
that several others being worn down by 
famine and cruelty, were left exposed in 
an island naked and perishing with cold 
and hunger : . . . That on Sunday, the 
26th" fMay, 1776), "the prisoners 
were carried to Quinze Chenes, when it 
was discovered that general Arnold- was 
approaching, and making dispositions to 
attack them : That Captain Forster 
having desired Major Sherburne to attend 
a flag, which he was about to send to 
general Arnold for confirmation of the 
cartel, carried him into the council of 
Indians, then sitting, who told him, that 
It was a mercy never before shewn in 
their wars, that they had put to death so 
few of the prisoners ; but that he must 
expect and so inform general Arnold, that 
they should certainly kill every man, 



loo Lieut. Haddens Jour rial. 



I shall now give an account of the operations 
of the Detachment to the Right of the Army 
coming across Lake George, as, the two blended 
together wou'd have created confusion From 
July ye 14th to the 25 We were employed in 
bringing forward the Guns, Stores, and Provis- 
ions ; and in transporting Gun Boats & Bat- 
teaux's from ye Saw Mill's Creek to Lake 



who should thereafter rail Into their 
hands : That captain Forster joined in 
desiring that this bloody message should 
be delivered to general Arnold, and more- 
over that he should be notified, that if 
he rejected the cartel, and attacked him, 
every man of the prisoners would be put 
to instant death : . . . That, during the 
time of their captivity, not half food via 
allowed the prisoners; they were con- 
tinually insulted, buftetted and ill treated 
by the savages j and when the first pirties 
of them were carried off from the shore 
to be delivered to general Arnold, balls 
of mud were fired at them, and at the last 
parties musket balls. 

«' The Congress taking into considera- 
tion the foregoing report, came to the 
following resolutions : 

" Resol-ved, That all acts contrary to 
good faith, the laws of nature, or the 
customs of civilized nations, done by 
the officeis or soldieis of his Britannic 
majesty, or by foreigners or savages taken 
into his service, are to be considered as 
done by his orders, unless indemnification 
be made in cases which admit indemnifi- 
cation, and m all other cases, unless im- 
mediate and effective measures be taken 
by him, or by his officers, for bringing 
to condign punishment the authors, 
abettors and perpetrators of the act ; 

" That the plundering the baggage of 
the garrison at the Cedars, stripping them 
of their cloaths, and delivering them into 



the hands of the savages, was a breach of 
the capitulation on the part of the enemy, 
for wiiich indemnification ought to be 
demanded : 

" That the murder of the prisoners of 
war was a gross and inhuman violation 
of the laws of n.iture and nations; that 
condign punishment should be inflicted 
on the authors, abettors and perpetrators 
of the same ; and that, for this purpose, 
it be required that they be delivered into 
our hands : 

" That the agreement entered into by 
general Arnold, was a mere sponsion on 
his part ; he not being invested with 
powers for the disposal of prisoners not 
in his possession, nor under his direction 
and tli.it, therefore, it is subject to be 
ratified or annulled, at the discretion of 
this house : 

" That the shameful surrender of the 
post at the Cedars, is chargeable on the 
commanding officer; that such other of 
the prisoners, as were taken there, shewed 
a willingness and desire to fight the 
enemy; and th.it major Sherburne and 
the prisoners taken with him, though 
their disparity of numbers was great, 
fought the enemy bravely for a considera- 
ble time, and surrendered at last, but on 
absolute necessity ; on which considera- 
tion, and on which alone it is resolved, 
that the said sponsion be ratified ; and 
that an equal number of captives from 
the enemy, of the same rank and con- 



Lieut, Hadde7ts journal. loi 



George. The Road is tolerably level, and where 
it wanted repairs the Rebel Prisoners were em- 
ployed being furnished with Tools and working 
under a Guard : We had about Two hundred of 
them confined in a Barn, and those who were 
not wanted either for the above purpose or Re- 
moving Guns and Stores, amused themselves in 
beating Hemp : These measures certainly were 
not justifiable, they were it is true allowed Rum 
in common with other fatigue Parties and upon 
the whole 'twas better than close confinement, 
but it ought to have been optional ; they shou'd 



dition, be restored to them, as stipulated 
by the said sponsion : 

"That, previous to the delivery of the 
prisoners to be returned on our part, the 
British commander in Canada be required 
to deliver into our hands the authors, 
abettors, and perpetrators of the horrid 
murder committed on the prisoners, to 
suffer such punishment as their crime 
deserves ; and also to make indemnifi- 
cation for the plunder at the Cedars, taken 
contrary to the faith of the capitulation ; 
and that until such delivery and indem- 
nification be made, the said prisoners be 
not delivered : 

" That, if the enemy shall commit 
any further violences, by putting todearh, 
torturing, or otherwise ill treating the 
prisoners retained by them, or any of the 
hostages put into their hands, recourse lio 
had to retaliation, as the sole means of 
stopping the progress of human butchery ; 
and that for that purpose, punishments 
of the same kind and degree be inflicted 
on an equal number of the captives from 
them in our possession, 'till they shall be 
taught to respect the violated rights of 
nations : 

" That a copy of the above report and 



resolutions be transmitted to the com 
mander in chief of the continental forces, 
to be by liim sent to generals Howe and 
Burgoyne." 

The receipt of this report and these 
resolutions just after the shooting of Gen. 
Gordon, was the occasion of Gen. 
Carleton's issuing his violent order of 
Aug. 4, 1776, which Hadden has given 
in full. 

Capt. Forster was promoted to be major 
of the 2ist, or Royal North British 
Fuzileers, Nov. 5, 1776.' The next 
year he participated in Burgoyne's expe- 
dition, and his name is signed to the 
Cambridge parole. He was one of the 
witnesses at the trial of the American 
Col. Henley for cruelty towards the 
Convention troops*, and he seems to 
have been a brave and active, even if 
not always a judicious officer. He be- 
came a lieut. -colonel in the army Nov. 
20, 1782; and the lieut. -colonel of the 
66th Foot, Dec. 31, 1784. His name 
appears in the British Army Lists for the 
last time in 1787.' [• B. H. " L. D. 
135-140: B. X. 316. 3 F. B. 27. 



I02 Lieut. Haddens yournal. 

either have been consider'd as Prisoners of War, 
or Rebels. The Brutality of Major W. ^:/ induced 
him to bring out these unhappy wretches and 
parade them in the Rear of the Troops when the 
Feu dejoye was fired upon our late successes, some 
of them felt the insult but others threw up their 
Caps & Huzza'd with the Troops in spite of 
many pushes from their Comrades. Their Offi- 
cers were sent to Canada on Parole. 

Portage, Lake George, Saturday July 26th 
1777 — Maj'r Gen'l Phillips was pleased to order 
me to choose 3 Noncom'd officers & 30 Men from 
Capt'n Borthwick's Company, of these I was to 
take Command & proceed with the rest of the 
Artillery, (except Capt. Borthwick and the re- 
mainder of his Company left for the defence of 
Tyconderoga &c) across Lake George, and this 
day I embarked with them on board the Gun 
Boats. 

Sunday July 27th Being embarked on 
board 26 Gun Boats, we proceeded with 100 
Men from the 62nd Reg't and Capt Monins 
Company of Canadians under the Command of 
Lt. Col. Anstruther. c'^" This expedition was to 

cj. The officer referred to in the text cruelty duiing the Revulutijnary war 

was Major Griffith Williams, command- was not practiced by the Britisli, a-; will 

ing tiie detachment of the Royal Artiller) be seen by reference to the niie upon 

with Burgoyne, a notice of whom will be Col. Stickney to be found later on. 
found later on. Hadden's disapproval of 

the major's conduct shows that all the ck. John Anstruther was the third 

British officers were not actuated by the son of Sir Fhilip Anstruther, of Balcas- 

same feelings. Unfortunately all the kie, Scotland, by his wife, Catharine, 



Lieut, Haddens 'Journal. 103 



have been larger and under the orders of Maj'r 
Gen'l PhilHps, but the Enemy having (a few 
days since) destroyed their Vessels (5 in number) 
including two on the Stocks; and destroying the 
defences of the Fort, abandon'd it retiring 
towards Fort Edward. 

The first 4 or 5 Miles the water is extremely 
shallow (4 or 5 Feet deep) but after that it grows 
very deep and will everywhere admit Vessels of 



only daughter of Lord Alexander Hay, 
of Spott, a son of John, first Marquess 
of Tweeddale, by Lady Jane Scott, 
daughter of Walter, Earl of Buccleugh.' 
John Anstruther was commissioned as 
ensign in the 26th Foot May 2d, 1 75 1, 
and was promoted to a lieutenancy in the 
8th, or King's Regiment of Foot, 
August 28, 1756; and when the 2d 
Battalion of that organization was re- 
numbered as the 63d Foot, in 1758, 
that became the number of his regiment. 
[There was another John Anstruther 
who was made a ist lieut. in the 107th, 
or Queen's own Royal Regiment of 
Volunteers, Oct. 20th, 1761.] He 
became a captain-lieutenant September 
25th, 1761 ; a captain July 23d 1762; 
and a major November 5th, 1766. He 
obtained the lieut. -colonelcy of the 62d 
Foot October 21st, 1773; and to that 
corps he was attached during the re- 
mainder of his military career. = He 
accompanied his regiment to Canada in 
1 776, served under Carleton that yearj 
and the following year took part in 
Burgoyne's campaign. The 62d was 
badly cut up at Freeman's Farm Septem- 
ber 19, 1777, and after the action it 
numbered, according to Gen. Burgoyne, 
"less than 60 men, and four or five 
officers," Lieut. -Colonel Anstruther being 



among the wounded. He was again 
wounded the next month at Bemus' 
Heig)its.3 He was included in Bur- 
goyne's surrender, but was paroled or 
exchanged the following year. He and 
a number of other British officers on 
their way to England in the Eagle 
packet, were captured by the American 
privateer Vengeance of 20 guns, in 
September, 1778, and taken into Co- 
riinna.'* A letter written by this officer 
to Gen. Gates from Cambridge Dec. 8th, 
1777, discloses the fact that they were 
old West India acquaintances, and shows 
Anstruther to have been a man of good 
education. 5 He became a colonel in 
the army Novenib-r 17, 1780, and his 
name appears in the Army Lists for the 
last time in 1782.= 

Col. Anstruther married Grizrl Maria, 
daughter and heiress of John Thomson, 
of Charleton, Fifeshire, and heiress of 
line of the St. Clairs, Earls of Orkney, 
and of the Lords Sinclair and Ravens- 
heugh. By her he had a daughter, after- 
wards married to General James Durham 
of Largo, and two sons, theelder of whom, 
John Anstruther Thomson, assumed his 
mother's surname, and succeeded to her 
estates.'.* ['B. R. ^'B. H. 3B. N.: G. V. 
175, 176. -iH. J. 418, 440. 5D. R. 
*D.J.] 



I04- Lieut, Haddens Journal. 

any kind. We passed Rogers's Rock<^^ famous 
for his descending a part of it with his Detach- 
ment (during the last War) where it appears 
almost perpendicular. This was his only alter- 
native to escape falling into the hands of a superior 
Corps of Savages in the French Interest ; It 
happen'd during the Winter which no doubt 
facilitated his descent by flakes of Snow &c col- 
lected on the Kock, as in its present state one 
wou'd doubt the fact if not so well authenti- 
cated. He afterwards crossed the Lake on the 
Ice. We passed Sabaoth day Point so called 
from an Action which happen'd here on a Sun- 
day. This is the only cleared land we have yet 
come to ; it is Seven Miles from the Portage, & 
on the Eastern Shore of the Lake.''"* In 
the evening (there being no wind) we came 
to an Anchor at 14 Mile Island, so called be- 
cause it is 14 Miles from Fort George: Here 
we encamped there being only one House on 

cl. The story is usually told of Major Indians coming up just after he had 

Robert Rogers individually, and not of escaped, and seeing tracks to the cliff, 

his whole party as in the text. Its founda- and none from it, owing to the Major's 

tlon is as follows. In one of his expedi- clever device of reversing his snow shoes, 

tions, before the British conquest of supposed that he had slidden down the 

Canada, Major Rogers, with some of his face of the precipice; and concluding 

rangers, encountered a superior force of that he must be under the protection of 

French and Indians and was defeated, his the Great Spirit as he glided 3.;tely away 

party being scattered and compelled to fly. on the lake, they at once gave up further 

Major Rogers was himself pursued to the pursuit. Since then the precipice in 

cliff mentioned in the text, where escape question has gone under the n.ime of 

seemed well nigh impossible. (Quickly Roger's Slide, or Roger's Rock, 
reversing his snow shoes he retraced his 

steps a short distance and then swung cm. Sabbath Day Point is on the 

himself into a ravine, whence he made western shore of Lake George, and not 

his way to the surface of the lake. The on the eastern shore as stated by Hadden. 



Lieut, H addends yournai, 105 

the Island ; we saw and killed a great number 
of Rattle SnakeSy in the Stomach of one of them 
we found two whole ground Squirrels, on one of 
which the Hair was quite perfect, it appeared 
to have been swallowed the preceding day, the 
effecting of which must have been a work of 
some time as the Mouth of the Serpent appeared 
infinitely too small to receive it suddenly ; This 
Snake had 6 Rattles. One was killed which 
had 13 Rattles. I apprehend one reason for our 
discovering so many, was the number of P'ires 
and removing old Logs to supply Fuel. On an 
Island near this, an Artillery Man was stung to 
Death some years ago, and that Island is so 
famous for them as to be called Rattle Snake Is- 
land. The Rattle is only used when the Snake 
is coiled, it is then twirl'd round more or less 
as his fears or anger increase or diminish, and by 
no means makes so great a noise as people 
imagine : in fact little more than any other 
Reptile moving thro, dry Leaves.^" We met 
with no accidents, and having a fair wind 
arrived at Fort George about Noon on the 
28th July. Lake George is 36 Miles in length, 
and a little more than two in width ; it lays in 
a Valley between two immense Ridges of Moun- 
tains the bottoms of which border on the Lake, 
from this circumstance it is extremely deep 
quite up to the landing near Fort George, and 

en. The inhabicanrs dry and eat the snakes. \^Hadden\ Note.'\ 
14 



io6 Lieut. Hadden^s ^our^iaL 

has seldom more than two prevailing winds but 
is very liable to sudden squals, in one of these the 
Rev'd Mr Brudenell ^^> was very near lost in a 
Man of War's Barge. Towards the middle there 
are a great number of small Islands uninhabited, 
nor are there above 5 or 6 Settlements on the 
whole Lake. The Mountains are plentifully 
supplied with Deer the few Inhabitants hunt 
them with Dogs 'till they take the Water and in 
attempting to cross the Lake are picked up by 
People laying wait in Boats or Canoes. Our 
passage across this Lake was very pleasant and it 
affords many pleasing & romantic prospects. 
Were we to retain a Post at Tyconderoga the 
little depth of water towards that end of Lake 
George wou'd be a great obstacle to our keeping 
up a Fleet. Gun Boats appear to be well calcu- 
lated for this Lake the water being in general so 
smooth that they could always act ; and at the Fall 
of the Year they might take advantage of the 
encrease of Water in the Saw Mill Creek to pass 
the Rapids and Shallows which interrupt the 

to. Rev. Edward Brudenel, chaplain service, when shelled by the American 

to the artilleiy, accompanied Lady Harriet liatreries, )S specially mentioned by Bur- 

Aclund to the American lines when she goyne.' 

joined her wounded husband who had We find no further notice of him save 

been taken prisoner at Bemus' Heights the announcement of the death of the 

Oct. 7, 1777. He likewise officiated Rev. Edward Brudenel, rector of 

at the burial of Gen. Eraser, who was Hougham and IVlarston, Licolnshire, 

mortally wounded in the same action, June 25, 1805, in Berkeley street, 

and his "steady attitude and his unaltered London^ though, whether this notice 

voice though frequently covered with applies to the subject of this sketch, we 

dust which the shot threw up on all sides are not able positively tu affirm. ['B. N. 

of him," during that eventful funeral 126, 129. ^'L.C. 52.] 



Lieut, Haddens yournal. 107 

communication with Lake Champlain, and be 
secured under the Guns in Tyconderoga, or 
Mount Independence. So soon as we arrived at 
Fort George The Infantry were employed in 
clearing a post on Gage's Hill which commands 
the Fort at the distance of about 1500 Yards, 
on the Road to Fort Edward. This is a very 
strong position, the Road being in a manner cut 
thro, the height on which the post is taken. 

Fort George which stands near the water at 
the end of the Lake, is a small square Fort faced 
with Masonry and contains Barracks for about a 
hundred Men secured from Cannon Shot. This 
Fort cou'd not stand a Siege, being commanded, 
& too confined not to be soon reduced by Bom- 
bardment. The Rebels before they abandon'd 
it had endeavour'd to destroy the defences and 
actualy blew up the Magazine on the side next 
the Water, which demolish'd that Face. 

The Ruins of Fort Henry are on the Eastern 
shore ^7' of the Lake, this was never much more 
than a small stockaded Fort. The Land is 
cleared tor about a Mile Round the Fort on 
both sides of the Lake, and on it are built 5 
Farm Houses. We found that the Enemy had 
carried off a large Magazine of Flour & other 

cp. Hadden's confusion of the points refers to under the name of Fort Henry, 
of the compass again shows itself here, is on the western shore of Lake George. 
as Fort William Henry, which Hadden 



io8 Lieut, Hadden's yournai. 

Provisions, during the time the British Army 
lay at Skeensborough to repair the communica- 
tions to Fort Anne^ destroyed by the Enemy's 
felling Trees across them after the 9th Reg't 
were withdrawn : Had a large Corps been ad- 
vanced to the Cross Roads near Fort Edward, or 
more properly the greater part of the Army 
leaving a Detachment at Skeensborough we 
shou'd have got an immense supply of Provision's 
thus far on our Route^ and gained much time ; 
Gen'l Burgoyne had intelligence ot these circum- 
stances, as the Storekeeper of Fort George (origi- 
nally in the British service & whose Son was with 
us) came in, and saw him. From what we cou'd 
learn the Enemy had made two or three trips 
with 40 or 50 Waggons ; having full time they 
carried off or destroyed the minutest articles, and 
also drove with them the Cattle belonging to 
the Inhabitants : Indeed, an attempt was made 
on the last Division of Waggons by a Detach- 
ment of Savages, they Seized one Waggon which 
had broken down, began to plunder it of the 
Horses &c, and cou'd not be prevailed on to pur- 
sue the rest of them. July 28th (continued) we 
landed and encamped. I was taken very ill this 
night. 

July 30th most of the Guns & Stores being 
disembarked, I was order'd with my Detach- 
ment and Six Pieces of Lt. Artillery to join Capt. 



Lieut. Hadderis JournaL 109 

Jones & remain attached to the Right Wing of 
the Army. I was attacked with the Ague when 
T set out, but recover'd on changing the Air, 
which from the Fires to destroy the Storehouses, 
Barracks, Shipping on the Stocks &c and a 
quantity of bad Provisions dispers'd about, was 
very hot & unpleasant, the Soil being sandy en- 
creased these. Here 1 first tasted Windsor Beans 
of any size, those in Canada being scarce and 
very small. We also took great quantities of 
Trout in a Creek near here. I marched 14 Miles 
this day & encamped at the cross Roads about 2 
Miles short of F't Edward. 

Thursday. July 31st I marched to Fort 
Edward and encamped with the first Brigade 
British. Fort Edward; here are the Ruins of 
a small Fort thrown up near the Hudson River 
to cover a part of it which is here Fordable. This 
is at present totally dismantled and does not ap- 
pear ever to have been calculated for a further 
purpose than repelling a sudden attack being 
commanded on both flanks within Cannon Shot; 
The Army encamped on these heights. The Ad- 
vanced being on the far side (towards Albany) 
and the Right Wing about the same distance in 
the Rear of the Fort ; The fires of these encamp- 
ments were uncommonly beautiful at Night. 
A small Detachment remained at the Cross 
Roads to prevent small parties of the Enemy 
crossing a Ford there and interrupting our com- 



no Lieut. HadderCs yournal. 

munications with Fort George, Skeensborough 
&c. The Germans remained at Fort Anne. 

Monday, August 4th Capt Jones came up with 
2 — 6 P'rs & Lieut ReidS'J He joined me and 
took command of the whole. On the day fol- 
lowing 2 — 6 and 2 — 3 Pounders were sent from 
us to Capt Pauch of the Germans, his Brigade 
then consisting of 4 — 6 and 4 — 3 P'rs, Capt 
Jones's of 4 — 6 Pounders and 60 Artillery Men. 
This Proportion allowed a Com'd Officer to each 
2 guns, and i Non-Com'd Off'r & 1 5 Men to each 
Gun, a much greater proportion of Men than 
was attached to any other Guns in that Army, 
and tho. by no means more than was requisite 
greatly exceeds what is usualy allowed. 

August 6th The German Troops marched 
from Fort Anne and encamped at the Cross 
Roads 2 Miles in our Rear. 

Saturday Aug't 9th B. Gen'l Fraziers Corps 
moved forward to Fort Miller, or rather Duer's 

cq. George Reid entered the iVlili- captain being killed, and all his company 

tary Academy at Woolwich as a gen- except five, being either killed or 

tleman cadet April i, 177 1. In the wounded, though he and his brother 

summer of 1776, while still a cadet, he subaltern, Lieut. Hadden, escaped unhurt, 

was sent out to Canada, where by order He was included in Burgoyne's surrender 

of Sept. 24th of that year, he was ap- and signed the Cambridge p.irole. He 

pointed an acting 2d lieut.; and Feb. must have been exchanged in 1778, as 

21, 1777, he was commissioned as a 2d his name appears among Sir Henry 

lieut. in the Royal Artillery. He Clinton's artillery officers in 1779. 

participated in Burgoyne's campaign, on He was promoted to a first lieutenancy 

which he was attached to Capt. Jones' July 7, 1779, and he retired on a pension 

company, and at the battle of Freeman's of 5^. per diem Sept. i, 1787. [G. U. : 

Farm he was very severely engaged, his H. I. 10 : D. O.] 



Lieut, Haddens JournaL 1 1 1 

House immediately opposite (7 miles) ; And a 
Detachment from the Army, consisting of Reid- 
esel's Dragoons, 150 Provincials, 100 Savages, 
and a part of Capt. Frazer's Rangers, in all 556, 
with 2-3 Pounders, were Detached towards Ben- 
nington under the Command of Lt. Col. 
Baume of Reidesils Dragoons. 

Copy of Gen'l Burgoyne's private instructions 
to Lt. Col. Baume. ^•'" 

" Instructions for Lieut. Col. Baume. 

The object of your expedition is, to try the 
affection of the Country ; to disconcert the coun- 
cils of the Enemy, to mount the Reidesils Dra- 
goons, to compleat Peter s Corps and obtain 
large supplies of Cattle, Horses & Carriages. 

The several Corps of which the enclosed is a 
list, are to form your Command. The Troops 
must take no Tents and what little Baggage is 
carried by officers must be on their own Bat- 
horses. You are to proceed from Batten Kill to 
Arlington^ and take post there 'till the Detach- 
er. Lieut. -Colonel Frelerick Baum, mortally wounded at Bennington, August 
of the Dragoon Regiment of Bruns- 17. 1777, where he died two days after- 
wickers, arrived in Canada June I, 1776, wards, and was buried witli military 
with the first division of Germans that honors. He was undoubtedly a brave 
came over that year to re-inforce Gen. man and a good officer, though not the 
Carleton He was at once appointed to one to have been entrusted with the 
the command of the garrison of ji^uebec command of such an expedition. The 
consisting of Prince Frederick's Regiment German Gen. Riedesel writes — "All, 
and his own dragoons, which latter came who were present, testify that Baum and 
to America without horses and therefore the troops did well." [K. M. izg-iji, 
served as dismounted cavalry. He was 250,283, 284: K. N 265] 



112 Lieut, Hadden^s yournaL 



ment of Provincials under the command of 
Capt. Sherwood ^^ shall join you from the South- 
ward. You are then to proceed to Manchester, 
where you will again take post, so as to secure the 
pass of the Mountains on the Road from Manches- 
ter to Rockingham ; from hence you will detach 
the Indians and light Troops to the Northward 
toward Otter Creek. On their 'return and re- 
ceiving intelligence that no Enemy is upon the 
Connecticut River, you will proceed by the 
Road over the mountains to Rockingham, where 



cs. Justin, or, as sometimes written, 
Justus Sherwood, of New Haven, in the 
Hampshire Grants, was actively engaged 
in the land troubles with New York 
growing out of adverse patents during the 
few years immediately preceding the 
Revolutionary war. He was pro- 
prietor's clerk of New Haven from the 
first meeting in 1774 until late in 1776, 
when he removed to Shaftesbury on 
account of the war. He was then an 
avowed royalist and as such was punished 
at Bennington. In his exasperation he 
raised a company of loyalists for Lieut. - 
Col. John Peters' Battalit^n, and joined 
the British army in Canada. Col. 
Thomas Johnson, of Newbury, compli- 
mented Capt. Sherwood for humanity to 
him when a prisoner in Canada. Capt. 
Sherwood participated throughout Bur- 
goyne's campaign, and took an active 
part in the battle of Bennington. Bur- 
goyne, in the State of the Expedition, 
refers to the "distinguished bravery" of 
some of the Provincials with him, 
among them " Capt. Sherwood, who was 
forward in every service of danger to the 
end of the campaign." Upon Burgoyne's 
surrender Capt. Sherwood, with the 
other provincials in that army, retired 
to Canada. This officer was employed 



by Gen Haldimand, who succeeded Sir 
Guy Carleton as commander in chief in 
Canada, in the negotiations with Ver- 
mont in 1780-83; ana Capt. Sherwood's 
letters to various parties, and his reports 
to Gen. Haldimand while conducting his 
delicate duties as a commissioner in the 
attempt to detach Vermont from the 
other colonies, show that he was a man 
of superior education. When several 
provincial corps were consolidated by 
Gen. Haldimand in November, 1781, 
under Maj. Edward Jessup, Capt. 
Sherwood became the senior captain of 
that organization, his commission dating 
from Nov, 19th in that year. The 
various warrants for the payment of 
money to Capt. Sherwood in 1781 and 
'82 '' on account of Expresses and other 
Expenses incurred by fitting out Scouts," 
and as " Agent for carrying on Secret 
Service," to be found in the Haldimand 
papers, clearly indicate his activity and 
the large measure o'f confidence reposed 
in him by his superiors. Unfouunately 
we have not been able to tr.ice this 
otficer after the termination of the war, 
though it is highly probable that he 
settled and died in Canada. [M. L: 
M. M: B. N: F. E. 180: F. F. 152: 
F. G. 177, 407 : F, M. 81.] 



Lieut, Hadden's yournal. 113 

you will take post. This will be the most dis- 
tant part of the expedition, and must be pro- 
ceeded upon with caution, as you will have the 
defile of the Mountains behind you, which 
might make a retreat difficult. You must there- 
fore endeavour to be informed of the force of 
the Enemies Militia in the neighbouring Country; 
Should you find it may with prudence be effected, 
you are to remain there while the Indians & 
Light Troops are detached up the River ; and 
you are afterwards to descend the River to Brat- 
tleborough and from that place by the quickest 
march you are to return by the great road to 
Albany. During your whole progress your de- 
tachments are to have orders to bring in to you 
all horses fit to mount the Dragoons under your 
command, or to serve as bat-horses ''<^ for the 
Troops, together with as many Saddles and 
bridles as can be found. The number of Horses 
requisite besides those necessary for mounting the 
Regiment of Dragoons ought to be Thirteen 
Hundred. If you can bring more for the use of 
the Army it will be so much the better. Your 
Parties are likewise to bring in Waggons and 
other convenient carriages, with as many draft 

ct. Bat, in French, signilies pack artillery, bakery, baggage, etc., and they 

saddle, and Bat-Horses, or Baw-Horses, generally wore the king's livery during 

are baggage horses belonging to the officers their service. Men who were excused 

when on actual duty. from regimental duty, for the specific 

Bat-Men, or Baw-Men, were originally purpose of attending to the horses belong- 

servants hired in war time to take care ing to their officers, were called Bat-Men. 

of the horses belonging to the train of [G. N.] 

15 



114- Lieut, H add en's yournal. 

Oxen as will be necessary to draw them, and all 
Cattle fit for slaughter, milch Cows excepted, 
which are to be left for the use of the Inhabi- 
tants. Regular receipts in the form hereto sub- 
joined, are to be given in all places where any of 
the above mentioned articles are taken, to such 
persons as have remain'd in their habitations and 
otherwise complied with the Terms of (Gen'l 
Burgoyne's) ye manifesto. But no receipt is to 
be given to such as are known to be acting in 
the service of the Rebels. As you will have 
with you persons perfectly acquainted with the 
Country, it may perhaps be advisable to tax the 
several districts with their proportions of the 
several articles, and limit the hours of delivery ; 
and shou'd you find it necessary to move before 
such delivery can be made, hostages of the most 
respectable People shou'd be taken to secure 
their following next day. All possible means to 
be used to prevent plundering. As it is probable 
that Capt. Sherwood who is already detached to 
the Southward, and will join you at Arlington, 
will drive a considerable quantity of Cattle and 
Horses to you ; you will therefore send in those 
cattle to the Army, with a proper detachment 
from Peters Corps to cover them, in order to dis- 
incumber yourself, but you must always keep the 
Regiment of Dragoons compact. The Dra- 
goons themselves must ride and take care of 
the Horses of the Regiment. Those Horses 



Lieut, Hadden^s yournal. 115 

which are destined for the use of the Army 
must be tied together by strings of Ten each 
in order that one Man may lead Ten Horses. 
You will give the unarmed Men of Peters 
Corps, to conduct them, and the Inhabitants 
whom you can trust. You must always 
take your Camps in a good Position, but at the 
same time where there is good pasture ; and you 
must have a chain of Centinels around your Cattle 
when graizing. 

Col'l Skeene will be with you as much as pos- 
sible in order to assist you with his advice to 
help you to distinguish the good Subjects from 
the bad, to procure the best intelligence of the 
Enemy, and choose those people who are to 
bring me the accounts of your progress and suc- 
cess. 

When you find it necessary to halt for a day 
or two, you must always entrench the Camp of 
the Regiment of Dragoons, in order never to 
risque an attack or affront from the Enemy. As 
you will return with the Regiment of Dragoons 
mounted, you must always have a detachment of 
Capt. Frazers or Peter's Corps in front of the 
Regiment of Dragoons, in order to prevent your 
falling into an ambuscade when you march thro, 
the woods. You will use all possible means to 
make the Country believe that the Troops under 
your command are the advanced Corps of the 



Ii6 Lieut, Haddens yournai. 

Army, and that it is intended to pass to Con- 
necticut on the Road to Boston. You will like- 
wise insinuate that the main Army from Albany 
is to be joined at Springfield by a Corps of Troops 
from Rhode Island. 

It is highly probable that the Corps under Mr 
Warner, ^'^ now supposed to be at Manchester, 
will retreat before you ; but should they con- 
trary to expectation be able to collect in great 
force, and post themselves advantageously it is 
left to your discretion to attack them or not, 
always bearing in mind that your Corps is too 
valuable, to let any considerable loss be hazarded on 
the occasion. Should any Corps be moved from 
Mr. Arnold's <^'^ main Army in order to interrupt 
your Retreat, you are to take as strong a Post as 
the Country will afford and send the quickest 
intelligence to me, and you may depend on my 
making such movements as shall put the Enemy 
between two fires, or otherwise effectually sustain 
you. 

It is imagined the progress of this expedition 
may be executed in about a fortnight ; but every 
movement of it must depend on your success in 
obtaining such supplies of Provisions as will 
enable you to subsist for your return to this 
Army in case you can get no more ; and should 

c-v. The person alluded to in the text 
cu. Col. Seth Warner is the person is Benedict Arnold, then a brigadier 
alluded to in the text. general on the American side. 



Lieut. Hadden^ s Journal, 117 

not the Army be able to reach Albany before 
your expedition shou'd be completed, I will find 
means to send you notice of it, and give your 
Route another direction. 

All persons acting in Committees, or any Offi- 
cers under the direction of the Congress, either 
civil or Military, are to be made Prisoners. 

I heartily wish you success, and have the honor 
to be. Sir Your most obed't 

Extract from a Rebel ) humble Serv't 

News Paper — J John Burgoyne 

Lieut' t Gent 

Sunday August ioth-77. The 53rd Reg't were 
order'd back to Garrison Tyconderoga, The 62d 
Reg't being to join the Detachment under Lt. Col. 
Anstruther at Fort George. The Army there- 
fore is now diminish'd i British and i German 
Battalion, left at Tyconderoga and Mount Inde- 
pendence, as also nearly a Company of Artillery. 
Brigadier Gen I Powel returns to command at 
these Posts. 

August 13th Gen'l Orders. The Army 
marches to-morrow by the right in one Column 
to Fort Miller. 

Aug't 14th The Army marched to Diiers 
House (usualy called Fort Miller in Gen'l 
Orders) and encamped on the adjacent heights : 
Brig'r Gen'l Frazer moved yesterday to Batten 



ii8 Lieut, Hadden's yournal. 

Kill. There is little worth remarking here, ex- 
cept that Mr Duer<^'^'^ married to one of Lord 
Sterling's Daughters is building a very good 
House, and being with Congress Gen'l Burgoyne 
has made it his head Quarters. 

Aug't 15th an express arrived to acquaint 
Gen'l Burgoyne that Lt. Col. Baume was at- 
tacked near Bennington about 25 Miles from 
hence, and had taken Post to act as occasion 
might require, the Enemy being superior in 
Numbers. The Reserve to the advanced Corps 
consisting of the German Grenadiers & Chas- 
seurs, about 7 or 800 Men, with two 6 Pounders 
were order'd to march and support him under the 
command of Lt. Col. Brymen. 

Aug't 1 6th Lt. Col. Baume was attacked, 
defeated, and taken, owing to the tardiness 
of Lt. Col. Brymen, who did not march a 
Mile an hour to his support ; Lt. Col. 
Brymen was afterwards attacked on his 
march, in which action he lost his Cannon. 
Brig'r Gen'l Frazer proposed for the advanced 
Corps to sustain Baume in place of the Corps 

cu}. Wm. Duer married Catherine the this country, but from a necessity that 

youngest of Lord Stirling's two daugh- results from the particular state of his 

ters. July 27, 1775, ^^ ^^^ appointed private affairs.' 

deputy adjutant-general of the Conti- He held various civil offices at different 

nental Army, with the rank of colonel, times, and an interesting sketch of him 

but a committee of Congress reported is to be found in Jones's History of New 

August 23, 1775, that he ought to be York during the Revolutionary War, Vol. 

allowed to decline the appointment, 2, 587, De Lancey's note xlvii. ['E. 

though satisfied "his so declining pro- 139, 548.] 
ceeds not from any motive unfriendly to 



Lieut, Haddens yournaU 119 

under Brymetiy this was rejected because the ad- 
vanced Corps was too considerable to be risqued 
and the loss's which followed were the conse- 
quences of this refusal. 

Aug't 17th. Early this morning the Army 
marched to Batten Kill to cover the retreat of 
Lt. Col. Brymen's Corps : About Noon they 
returned across the Ford over the Creek, and in 
the evening we returned to our old encamp- 
ment at Duers House, when the following Gen'l 
Order was given out. 

" It was endeavoured amongst other objects by 
the late expedition which marched to the left 
to supply such a supply of Cattle as might have 
enabled the Army to proceed without waiting 
the arrival of the Magazines. That attempt 
having failed of success thro, the chances of War, 
the Troops must necessarily halt some days, for 
bringing forward the Transport of Provisions, 
and the several Corps will employ that time to 
collect their Sick and convalescents, and such 
other scatter'd parties as are merely on Regi- 
mental duties." 

Aug't 24th A deserter Shot, and a reward of a 
Hundred Dollars offer'd for the discovery of any 
Emmissary of the Enemy enticing Men to desert. 

August the 26th Gen'l Orders. 



I20 , Lieut. Hadden's yournai, 

" The Lieut't General having received the 
report from Lt. Col. Brymen (commanding the 
German reserve) relative to the affair of St. 
Coicks Mills (near Bennington) and also having 
obtained every collateral information possible, 
thinks it justice to declare publickly that he has 
no reason to be dissatisfied with the personal 
spirit, of the Officers or Troops in the action, 
that on the contrary the Officers who com- 
manded the different Corps acted with intre- 
pidity. The failure of the enterprize seems to 
have been owing in the first instance to the 
credulity of those ^^ who managed the depart- 
ment of intelligence, suffer'd great numbers of 
the Rebel Soldiers to pass and repass and per- 
haps count the numbers of the Detachment, and 
upon an ill founded confidence induced Lieut. 
Col. Baume to advance too far to have a secure 
retreat. The next cause was the slow move- 
ment of Lt. Col. Brymens Corps which from 
bad weather, bad Roads, tired Horses, and other 
impediments stated by Lt. Col. Brymen, cou'd not 
reach Twenty four Miles from Eight in the 
morning of the 15th, to four in the afternoon of 
the 1 6th, the succour therefore arrived too late. 
The failure of ammunition in the management 
of which there appears to have been improvi- 
dence, was another misfortune. The rest seem'd 
common accidents of War upon the whole 

ex. Lieut Col. Skeene. [Haddens Note.j 



Lieut, Hadden's journal. 121 

the Enemy have severely felt their little success, 
and there is no circumstance to affect the Army 
with further regret or melancholy than that 
which arises from the loss of some Gallant Men, 
but let the Affair of the Mills at St Coick '7/ re- 
main henceforward as a lesson against the impo- 
sitions of a treacherous Enemy (many of whom 
in the very hour of swearing allegiance to the 
King, fought against his Troops) and against ex- 
pending ammunition too fast by which conquer- 
ing Troops were obliged to retire with loss. 
The retiection upon this affair will moreover 
excite alertness and exertion in every Corps 
marching for the support of another, by shewing 
in whatever degree these qualities may be 
possess'd by the commanding Officers (and they 
are not doubted in the present instance] yet 
unless they are general, common accidents may 
become fatal and the loss of Two hours may 
decide the turn of an enterprize, and it might 
happen in some cases the fate of a Campaign." 

Brigadier Gen'l Stark, who commanded the 
Rebels in the above Action gave the following 
account of it, and which was thus publish'd in 
their News Papers, viz 

** Extract of a Letter from Brig'r General 
Stark, to the Council of the State of New 
Hampshire, dated Bennington i8th August 
1777.— 

cy. Where the action happened, near Bennington. [HaJJen's NoteA 
16 



122 Lieut, Hadden's yournaL 



" I congratulate you on the late success of your 
Troops under my command, by express I pro- 
pose to give you a brief account of my proceed- 
ings since I wrote to you last. 

I left Manchester on the 8th inst, and arrived 
here the 9th, the 13th, I was informed that a 
party of Indians were at Cambridge, which is 
twelve Miles distant from this place, on their 
march hither. I detached Col'l Gregg, ^^ with 



c%, Lieut. -Colonel William Gregg 
was a grandson of Capt. James Gregg, 
who was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, 
married Jane Cargil, embarked with his 
family for America in 171 8, landed at 
Cape Elizabeth, spent the winter there, 
and was afterwards one of the first sixteen 
settlers of Londonderry, N, H. William 
Gregg was the fourth son of Capt. John 
Gregg (the second son of Capt. James 
Gregg), by Agnes Rankin, his wife, and 
was born at Londonderry, Oct. 21, 1730.' 
" Col. Gregg," says Farmer and Moore's 
Historical Collections, vol. 3, p. 311, 
"at the commencement of the Rero- 
lutionary war, commanded a company 
of minute men in the town of London- 
derry, which he marched to the relief of 
his countrymen in Boston, early in the 
year 1775; and tarried there till more 
urgent calls required his presence at home, 
as muster-master for his regiment, and a 
member of the committee of safety. 

•' The ensuing year he was commis- 
sioned by the Council of the State, to 
be Major in the first regiment of militia 
raised in New Hampshire, to recruit the 
army at New York, where he performed 
various laborious services, and suffered 
numerous privations and hardships. In 
the year 1777, Col. Gregg and James 
Betton, Esq., were appointed agents to 
proceed to the seat of government, then 
at Baltimore, where they obtained and 



brought to the New England states, up- 
wards of $1,100,000, for the purpose of 
prosecuting the war. After making dis- 
bursements to Gen. Clinton in New 
York, and at Hartford, Conn., he re- 
turned to Boston, and from thence to his 
native state, where he received the thanks 
of the Legislature for his services. 

" In the same year he sustained a com- 
mission of Lieut. -Colonel in the brigade 
commanded by the intrepid and immortal 
Stark, and commanded the van-guard in 
the memorable battle of Bennington, 
where he was honored by the confidence 
and approbation of that distinguished 
officer. 

" At the close of the war he retired 
to his farm, and employed himself in the 
delightful pursuits of husbandry, till 
within a few years of his death. He 
deceased at Londonderry, on the 1 6th 
September, 1824, at the age of 93. 

" The leading feature in the character 
of Col. Gregg was perseverance. What- 
ever he undertook, he saw accomplished. 
In the prime of life, his industry and 
resolution in the discharge of his affairs 
was unrivalled. Those who were in his 
employ, partook of the same spirit, for 
he went forward and cheered them, in 
the midst of severe toil, with tales of 
'high emprize ' and pleasing anecdote. 
He inherited the spirit of hospitality, for 
which the emigrants of Ireland have long 



Lieut. Hadcien's yournal. 123 

200 Men under his command, to stop their march. 
In the evening I had information by express, that 
there was a large body of the Enemy on their 
way, with their field Pieces, in order to march 
thro, the country, commanded by Governor 
Skeene. The 14th I marched with my Brigade, 
and a few of this State's Militia to oppose them, 
and to cover Gre2:o:s retreat, who found himself 
unable to withstand their superior number; 
about four miles from this Town I accordingly 
met him on his return, and the Enemy close in 
pursuit of him, within half a Mile of his rear, 
but when they discover'd me, they presently 
halted on a very advantageous piece of ground ; 
I drew up my little Army on an eminence, in 
open view of their encampment but could not 
bring them to an engagement ; I marched back 
about a Mile and there encamped. I sent out a 
few Men to Skirmish with them, killed thirty of 
them and two Indian Chiefs. The 15th it 
rained all day; I sent out parties to harrass them. 
The 1 6th I was joined by this State's Militia, 
and those of Berkshire County. I divided my 
Army into three divisions, and sent Colo'l 
Nicholas '^^^ with 250 men on the rear of their 

been signalized. His home was always the good he had done his country." 

the resting place of the weary, and none [' B. I., 516, 517.] 
left it without feasting on the bounties 

of his board. Youth and age were da. The following notice of Colonel 
deligiited in his company, and his hos- (afterwards General) Nichols is taken from 
pitality gained him numerous friends, in an Historical Sketch of Amherst, Hills- 
addition to those who esteemed him for borough Co., New Hampshire, by John 



124- Lieut. Hadden's yournai. 



left Wing, Col. Henrick, ^'> in the rear of their 
Right with 300 men, order'd when joined to 
attack the same. In the meantime I sent 300 



Freeman. " On the 23d of May, 1790, 
died the Hon. Moses Nichols of Am- 
herst, N. H. He was a native of Read- 
ing, Massachusetts. He had served his 
towrnsmen in the capacity of delegate to 
the Convention which assembled in 1778 
for forming a permanent plan, or system 
of government, on certain established 
principles, and a representative to the 
general court three years. Ardently 
attached to the principles of liberty, he 
took a conspicuous part in the revolution 
which established our independence. He 
was appointed Colonel of the Sixth Regi- 
ment of militia 6th December, 1776, and 
commanded a regiment under Gen. 
Stark, and was in the engagement at 
Bennington. 

" Beside his military services, he was 
useful as a physician in this place, where 
he practised many years. He was 
register of deeds for the county of Hills- 
borough, from 1776 to his death. This 
office with many others of trust and re- 
sponsibility, it is believed, he discharged 
with fidelity 

" Gen. Nichols left nine children : 
Hannah, Moses, Joseph, Elizabeth, 
Eaton, Perkins, Mary, Pearson and 
Charity. Moses is a physician and re- 
sides [1837] in Sherbrooke, Lower 
Canada." • One of Gen Stark's letters 
to President Weare, of New Hampshire, 
shows that Gen. Nichols was in service 
March 18, I78i.» [' I. O. 97. ^ L. F. 
aio.] 

db. Col. Samuel Herrlck, not Hen- 
rick as Hadden has it, is the person 
referred to in the text. He went 
to Bennington, in that state, about the 
year 1768, and resided about two miles 
west of the meeting house, but left the 
town and state soon after the close of the 



Revolutionary war, removing to Spring- 
field, Montgomery Co., New York ; and 
liothing is known of his previous or sub- 
sequent life. Early in 1775 he was a 
captain, and to him was entrusted the 
duty of arresting Major Skene, the 
younger, which constituted a part of the 
expedition against Ticonderoga and Crown 
Point under Ethan Allen and Seth 
Warner. Accordingly on the 9th of 
May, 1775, Capt. Herrick, with 30 men, 
proceeded to Skenesborough and took 
Skene the younger, his aunt, two sisters, 
and a man named Brook, prisoners, and 
seized a schooner and several batteauK, 
which were sent to Ticonderoga. 

" Major Sk'tne's estate," wrote Capt. 
Elisha Phelps, commissary of the expedi- 
tion, to the Connecticut General Assem- 
bly, " we have put into the care of Capt. 
Noah Lee, a man of good character and 
capable of taking care of the business 
well. The people on the grants are in 
much distress for want of provisions. 
The iron work must be carried on tor 
the benefit oi the people here, but it 
would not do by no means to have Mr. 
Brooks stay here, as he was looked upon 
to be a bigger enemy to his country than 
Major Skene, and 'tis an easy matter to 
send an Indian to Canada, and inform 
them on all schemes and plans. One 
enemy in the city is worse than ten out- 
side." July 15, 1777, the Vermont 
Council of Safety commissioned him 
" Lieutenant Colonel Commandant of a 
Regiment of Rangers Raised within this 
State for the Immediate defence thereof, 
and to be under the Special direction of 
this Council or the Commander in Chief of 
the Army Commanding the department 
on the East side of the Hudson's River." 
and his commission remained in force till 
the first day of the next January. He 



Lieut, Haddeti s JournaL 125 



men to oppose the enemies front to draw their 
attention that way ; soon after I detached the 



took an active part in the affair at Ben- 
nington, and Gordon, in his history, in 
giving an account of the action, speaks 
of * the superior military skill ' of Colonels 
Warner and Herrick as being of great 
service to Gen. Stark. Col. Herrick 
with his rangers in conjunction with Col. 
John Brown of Pittsfield, made an 
attempt in September, 1777, to cut Bur- 
goyne's communication with Canada. 
Though the attack on Diamond Island 
in Lake George, and on the miin works 
at Ticonderoga, failed of success, yet they 
captured some minor posts as well as 
some of the outworks of Ticonderoga, 
took 293 prisoners, including eleven 
officers, a quantity of provisions, and a 
number of arms, and released 100 Amer- 
icans who had been made prisoners at the 
battle of Hubbardton. The Council re- 
turned Col. Herrick and his corps "sin- 
cere thanks " for their spirited conduct 
in this enterprise, and, on Nov. 20th, 
Col. Herrick received this appreciative 
letter : 

" In Council, Bennington, 

20th No-v., 1777. 
** Dear Col'o : In consequence of your 
Letter of the 14th Inst., requcbting to be 
removed to this or some place Nigh this, 
the Council immediately Sent an Express 
to General Gates with a Copy of your 
Letter, as also a Copy of Gen. Powels 
Letter to you, & your answer. The ex- 
press has this moment Returned. In- 
closed you have a Copy of the General's 
letter, which I think does you and the 
State of Vermont great honor, & by 
which you will find the General's appro- 
bation on your Regiments being Dis- 
missed. The Council therefore order 
that your Regiment be Dismissed imme- 
diately as soon as this Comes to hand 
unless it will be a means of Frustrating 
tome plans which you have in prosecu- 
tion. You will be able to judge in that 



affair. I am directed by Council to 
return you and the Regiment under your 
Command, both officers & soldiers, their 
Hearty thanks for their good services to 
this & the United States. The Council is 
also requested by the Hon'ble Major 
General Gates to return you his thanks 
for the good services of your Regiment, 
which you will see by hii Letter inclosed. 
I am Sir sincerely 

your Humble Servant, 
by order of Counsel, 
Colo. Herrick. Joseph Fay, Sec'y." 

Gen. Gates's epistle, referred to in the 
above letter, elicited this response from 
Col. Herrick. 

" Pawlet, No-vember 27th, 1777. 

" Dear General : The Honour you 
have been pleased to confer on the State 
of Vermont, and the Troops under my 
Command which were raited by authority 
of that State, in giving your approbation 
and applause to the service performed by 
them, not only compensates for the 
fatigues and Injuries we have sustained, 
but call upon me for returns of GratituJe. 
Such unexpected Tokens of your gene- 
rosity, I consider as an Earnest to Engage 
us with double Zeal ana faithfulness at 
any future Period in the Service for the 
Interest of the free and Independent 
States of America. Be pleased Sir, to ex- 
cept of my Humble and Harty Thanks, 
accompanied with those of the officers 
and soldiers of my regiment, for the 
Honour conferred on us by your applause 
and approbation of our Services. Heartily 
Wishing that you may Live Long a re- 
warder of Merrit, and Whilst you 
continue Commander in Chief in the 
Northern department, may you never 
want faithfuU Men to assist your Military 
Opperations nor Good Soldiers to fight 
Victorious Battles with you, and when 
satisfied with the thanks. Good wishes, 



126 Lieut. HadderCs JournaL 



Colonels Hubbard ^'^ and Stickney ^^^^ on their 
Right Wing with 200 Men to attack that part ; 
all which plans had their desired effeci. Col 
Nichols sent me word that he stood in need 



and acclamations of Thousands, who 
calls you friend, Benefactor and Saviour 
of this Country, may succeeding endless 
Ages proclaim your Virtues, and your 
unparalld Actions fill the splendid Pages 
of American Annals with unfading Glory 
and Lustre. 

I have the Honour to be Dear General 
Your honour's most 

Obedient Hum'le Ser't 

Sam'l Herrick. 
The Hon'ble Maj. Gen'l Gates." 

It was proposed to send an expedition 
to Canada in the spring of 1778, and as 
early as in January of that year recruiting 
for it commenced, but the expedition 
being speedily abandoned, the recruiting 
ceased. Lieut. -Colonel Herrick, how- 
ever, became colonel of the Second Regi- 
ment of Vermont Militia in the spring 
of 1778, after which date no further 
notice of him has been found. [M. L. 
135, 160, 176, 185, 198,211, 259: 
G. B. 295 : C. M. 170, 176 : D. R.] 

dc. Col. David Hobart, and not 
Hubbard as Hadden has it, is the person 
referred to in the text. 

The following is borrowed from a foot 
note to p. 320, vol. 11, of the report of 
the Adjutant General of New Hamp- 
shire for 1866. 

Col. David Hobart was of Plymouth, 
and had command of " the 12th regi- 
ment of N. H. militia." He was ori- 
ginally from Hollis, and moved to Ply- 
mouth under the patronage of Samuel 
Cummings Esq., of Hollis, who was a 
large proprietor in the township of Ply- 
mouth. Col. Hobart fought with great 
bravery in the battle of Bennington, and 
eceived due credit from his general on 



that occasion. He, with Col. Stickney, 
led the detachment against the tory breast 
work where there was the most desperate 
fighting. The Tories expected no quarter, 
and gave none — fighting to the last like 
tigers. They were completely sur- 
rounded within their fortifications, and 
the work of death was finished with 
bayonets and clubbed muskets. Hobart 
and Stickney saw the work thoroughly 
done. Stark had ordered the men, as 
they passsed through a field of corn, to 
put a husk of corn in each one's hat. 
This precaution was a great benefit. As 
the Tories were dressed like themselves, 
in their 'working clothes,' the corn 
husks, under the hat band, served to 
distinguish friends from foes, and a man 
without a husk in his hat was sure to be 
visited by a bayonet or the breech of a 
musket. 

After the war was over. Col. Ho- 
bart, having lost his wife, married a 
widow of Haverhill, Mass., and moved 
to that town where he died soon after. 
This fact accounts for the mystery that 
has existed as to him. Gen. Stark, in 
his report, called hiin Col. Hubbard, and 
Dr. Belknap and other historians have 
followed his error. Living and dying 
out of the state, there was little chance 
of correcting the error, and not until 
lately, did any one know who was Col. 
Hubbard, that led in the attack upon 
the Tory breastwork at Bennington. 

dd. Thomas Stickney was the eldest 
son of Jeremiah Stickney by Elizabeth, 
his wife, and was born in Bradford, 
Massachusetts, probably about the year 
1729, as it is known that his next younger 
brother was born April 24, 173 i. When 
Thomas was about two years old his 



Lieut. Hadden's JournaL 127 



of a reinforcement, which I readily granted, 
consisting of 100 Men at which time he com- 
menced the attack precisely at 3 o'clock in the 
afternoon, which was followed by all the rest. 
I pushed forward the remainder with all speed. 



father removed with his family to Pena- 
cook, New Hampshire, which, in the 
latter part of 1733-4, was incorporated as 
the township of Rumford, and in 1765, 
became the parish, and subsequently the 
town, and then the city of Concord. 
Jeremiah Stickney, the father, was a 
valuable citiren, and held many offices, 
both civil and military, until his death in 
1763. As early as January 1732-3, he 
is referred to as ensign, in 1746, as 
lieut., and in 1761 as Col. Jeremiah 
Stickney. In that frontier settlement in 
those early days Indian depredations were 
frequent, and the first mention found 
of Thomas Stickney is in 1746, when 
by the " committee of militia for set- 
tling the Garrisons in the frontier Towns 
and Plantations in the Sixth Regiment 
of Militia in this Province," (New 
Hampshire), he was " ordered and 
stated " to " the Garrison round the 
house of Lieut. Jeremiah Stickney," his 
father. His brother William wag cap- 
tured by the Indians in 1746, and after 
a year's captivity, was drowned while 
making his escape. 

Between 1767 and 1797, Thomas 
Stickney was rarely without a town office 
of some sort, for he held all kinds and 
descriptions from Moderator to Hot,reeve, 
and frequently several at a time ; thus, 
in 1 77 1, he was aTythingman, a Fence- 
viewer, and a Hogreeve; in 1774, a Se- 
lectmen, a Tythingman, and a Surveyor 
of Highways; and in 1777, Moderator, 
Representative to the Generil Assembly, 
and a member of the Committee of 
Safety. He seems likewise to have been 
active in the militia, as he is referred to in 
1767, as lieut., in 1770 as captain, and in 



1774, as Col. Thomas Stickney. Jao. 
20, 1774, he was commissioned as lieut. - 
colonel of the ijth Regiment of New 
Hampshire militia, the colonel being 
Andrew McMillan. The militia offi- 
cer of that day must have presented a 
striking appearance according to the fol- 
lowing order prescribing the uniform of 
the I <;th New Hampshire, viz : — "The 
officers to wear red coats, cuft'd, lin'd, 
and lapel'd with sky-blue. Sky-blue 
waistcoats and breeches, all trim'd with 
white. Black hats with silver hat-bands, 
button and loops, without lace. White 
stockings, cockade, sash and white gor- 
gets. Swords with silver hilts. Captains 
and Lieutenants to carry fusees. Field 
officers to wear silver shoulder knots. 
" By order of His Excellency, 
''John Wentworth, Esq^., 

*■ Caf tain-General. 
" February 15, 1 774. 

" The exercise or discipline ordered to 
be observed and practised in this regi- 
ment is that composed for the use of and 
practised by the Militia of the County 
of Norfolk, in Great Britain. 
" By order of His Excellency," &c. 

The fact that Col. Stickney was upon 
the committee of safety for several years 
and commanded a militia regiment, 
proves that he was an active patriot in 
the Revolution.' He signed himself 
in a communication to the New Hamp- 
shire committee of safety dated Aug. 28, 
1776, " Colonel of the 13th Regiment 
of the Colony of New H.mpshire,'" but 
the next year, according to the Report 
of the Adjutant General of New Hamp- 
shire for 1866, vol. 2, page 321, note, he 
commanded "the nth regiment of 



128 Lieut, Hadden's yournal. 

Our People behaved with the greatest spirit and 
bravery immaginable ; had they been Alexanders 
or Charles's of Sweden, they cou'd not have 
behaved better ; the Action lasted two Hours 
at the expiration of which time we forced their 
Breast-work at the muzzles of their Guns, took 
two Pieces of Brass Cannon, with a number of 
Prisoners ; but before I cou'd get them into 



militia.'' He did good service under 
Stark at the battle of Bennington, whe:e 
his regiment with Col. Hobart's at- 
tacked and carried the tory redoubt. 3 

Much has been written by American 
writers about the cruelty of American 
loyalists to their patriot neighbors, but 
less stress has usually been laid, by such 
writers, upon the cruelty of American 
patriots to their loyalist neighbors. 
Caleb Stark in his Memoir and Official 
Correspondence of Gen. John Stark, in 
speaking of the prisoners taken at Ben- 
nington, says, — " The Hessians and Eng 
lish were treated as prisoners of war, 
and marched from the field in their 
ranks ; but the tories, 152 in number, 
were tied in pairs ; to each pair a horse 
was attached by traces with, in some 
cases, a negro, for his rider ; they were 
led away amid the jeers and scoffs of the 
victors — the good house-wives of Ben- 
nington taking down beds to furnish 
cords for the occasion. Many of their 
neighbours had gone over to the enemy 
the day before the battle." [p. 63.] In 
the same volume a soldier of Col. Stick- 
ney's regiment describes the battle of 
Bennington, and among other things, 
says, " One tory, with his left eye shot 
out, was led in, mounted on a horse, 
who had also lost his left eye. It seems 
to me cruel now — it did not then." 
[p. 69]. The Council of Bennington in 
Jan. 1778, devised a punishment for 
tories that possessed more ingenuity than 
humai.ity. The Council's order pro- 



ceeds as follows : — " Let the overseer of 
the tories detach ten of them, with 
proper officers to take the charge, and 
march them in two distinct files from 
this place through the Green Moun- 
tains, for breaking a path through the 
snow. Let each man be provided with 
three days provisions 5 let them march 
and tread the snow in said road of suita- 
ble width for a sleigh and span of horses ; 
order them to return, marching in 
the same manner, with all convenient 
speed. Let them march at 6 o'clock to- 
morrow morning." [Idem, p. 63, 
note.] 

Col. Stickney lived and died in Con- 
cord, his deatli occurring Jan. 26, 1809. 
He married Anna Osgood, by whom he 
had eight children, the eldest having 
been born Dec. 7, 1753 ; and some of 
his descendants still survive. Col. Stick- 
ney was manifestly one of the richest 
residents in the town in 1778, as the 
town rates for that year show that but 
three individuals and two firms paid 
more tax than he. The old Stickney 
mansion, which was built by Col. Jere- 
miah Stickney, the father of Col. Thomas 
Stickney, and was formerly a garrison- 
house, is still standing in Concord. 
From time to time it has been enlarged 
and modified, but it still retains its 
venerable appearance, and it has been 
occupied from the beginning down to the 
present day by successive generations of 
the Stickney family.' ['B. F. =1,1205. 
3l. N. 321, note.] 



Lieut, Hadden's yournal, 129 

proper form, I received intelligence, that there 
was a large reinforcement within two Miles of 
us on their march, which occasioned us to renew 
our attack ; but luckily for us Col. Warners 
Regiment came up which put a stop to their 
Career. We soon rallied and in a few minutes 
the Action began very warm and desperate, 
which lasted 'till night ; we used their own 
Cannon against them, which proved of great 
Service to us. At Sunset we ooliged them to 
retreat a second time, we then pursued 'till 
dark, when I was obliged to halt for fear of 
killing my own Men ; we took two Pieces 
more of their Cannon, together with all their 
Baggage, a number of Horses, Carriages, &c, 
killed upwards of 200 of the Enemy on the Field 
of Battle ; the number of the wounded is not yet 
known, as they are scatter'd about in many 
places. 

I have I Lieut. Col'l since dead, i Major, 7 
Captains, 14 Lieut'ts, 4 Ensigns or Cornets, i 
Judge Advocate, i Baron, 2 Canadian Officers 
6 Sergeants i Aid de Camp, i Hessian Chaplain 
3 Hessian Surgeons and 700 Prisoners. I en- 
close you a copy of Gen'l Burgoyne's instructions 
to Col. Baume, who commanded the detach- 
ment that engaged us ; our wounded are 42^ 
10 Privates and four Officers belonging to my 
Brigade are dead ; The dead and wounded of 
the other Corps I do not know, as they have not 

17 



130 Lieut. Hadden s yournaL 

brought in their return as yet, I am Gentle- 
men with the greatest regard and respect, 
Your most obedient humble serv't 

John Stark 
Brigadier Gen' I. 

P. S. I think we have returned the Enemy a 
proper compliment in the above action for the 
Hubbartown engagement." 

Extract from a Rebel paper — the above being 
with Baume's instructions published by order. 
The following Resolve may serve to show the 
situation of the Gen'ls wardrobe and what the 
General Assembly thought a proper reward for 
Victory. Extracted as above. 

** The following Letter to the Honorable 
Brigadier Geni Starks, and Resolve passed the 
General Assembly of this State (New Hampshire) 
on Friday last. 

Sir, 

The General Assembly of this State, take the 
earliest opportunity to acknowledge the receipt 
of your acceptable present — The tokens of victory 
gained at the Memorable Battle of Bennington. 
The events of that day strongly mark the bravery 
of the Men, who, unskilled in War, forced from 
their intrenchments, a chosen number of Veteran 
Troops, of boasted Britons ; as well as the address 
& valour of the General, who directed their 



Lieut, Haddens yournaL 1 3 i 

movements and led them on to conquest. This 
signal exploit open'd the way to a rapid suc- 
cession of advantages most important to America. 
These trophies shall be safely deposited in the 
archives of the State, and there remind posterity, 
of the ir re sis table power of the God of Artnies^ 
and the honors due to the memory of the Brave. 
Still attended with like successes may you long 
enjoy the just reward of your grateful Country. 

Resolved unanimously, that the Board of War 
of this State, be, and hereby are directed in the 
name of this Court, to present to the Honorable 
Brigadier General Starks, a compleat suit of 
Clothes becoming his Rank, together with a 
piece of Linnen ; As a Testimony of the high 
sense this Court have of the great and important 
Services render'd by that brave Officer, to the 
United States of America. 

Viiiis 

It was remarked upon the above reward ^'\\2i\. 
either the General was Stark naked or Congress 

stark mad. 

J. H. 

From everything the Army could learn, the 
plan of operations for this expedition was in- 
finitely too large for its numbers, and it might 
have been known that the Inhabitants were in 
general unfriendly. The meeting Gen'l Stark 



132 Lieut, Haddens Journal, 

was accidental, he being on his way to join their 
main Army near Albany. 

As for Col. Skeene, with the best intentions 
in the world, he was a famous marplot, 
and Ministry were highly culpable in recom- 
mending him to the confidence of Gen'l 
Burgoyne which I hear is the case. He acted 

like a showing his powers to every Man 

who pretended to be friendly, among which 
number were many of the Rebel Soldiers, who 
to remove doubts took the Oath's of allegiance 
and were told to wear White Papers in their 
Hats, that, being the distinguishing mark of 
Friends, to crown the folly of this farce they 
were permitted immediately to return, in fact, 
to join their respective Corps in the Rebel 
Army. 

The trusting so important an affair to a Man 
who cou'd not utter one word of English when 
■" insinuations " were required and address ex- 
pected certainly can hardly be palliated by the 
jealous}- of Gen'l Reidesil from a wish to employ 
the Germans on some important enterprize. ^^« 
Because the Regiment of Dragoons were to be 
mounted surely it was no reason they shou'd 
be detached with AS'z^^fjr^j- weighing at least 10 or 

de. This statement is utterly incon- that the British sought to cast as much 

sistent with Gen. RiedeseFs to be found responsibility for the Bennington failure 

in vol. I, of his Memoirs, Letters and upon the Germans as possible, and not 

Journals; and it must be borne in mind always with strict iustice. 



Lieut. Haddens yournal. 133 

12 Pounds, particularly as Dragoons cannot be 
expected to march or manouvre well on Foot 
and be expert at Treeing or Bush fighting, a 
task the British Light Infantry of this Army are 
not fully equal to. Tho. Col. Baume (as might 
be expected from a good Officer in his own line 
of Service) took an advantageous post, he ex- 
tended his front too much (occupying above 2 a 
Mile) and thus weaken'd the whole; He had 
an English Engineer with him Lieut D — 'V 
who very judiciously threw up his works on the 
side of the Hill and the Enemy coming in his 
Rear of course soon made an attack in front 
certain of success. 

The day of the Action (very unfortunately for 
himself & Party) a half Pay Captain in the 
British Army with 90 Men on their way to the 
Army met with Lt. Col. Baume and remain'd 
with him, these unfortunate Men made a 
noble resistance from behind a Stone Fence, but 
overpower'd by numbers their leader, whose 

df. Andrew Durnford, whom Had- ing the Attacks of the Enemy on the 

den refers to in the text, entered the 1 6th of August, 1777. Drawn by 

corps of Royal Engineers July 28, 1769, Lieut. Durnford, Engineer." Fro-n 

as a practitioner engineer and ensign, 1779 f° l^'&^ he was an assistant deputy 

and was promoted to be a sub-engineer quarter-master-general, at first in New 

and lieutenant March 6, 1775.' He York, and afterwards in Georgia. 3 He 

was one of the engineers on Burgoyne's became a captain-lieutenant and captain 

expedition, and accompanied Baum to in the Engineers Oct. i, 1784; a major 

Bennington where he was taken pris- in the army May 6, 1795 ; -""'^ ^'^ 

oner.» One of the maps in Burgoyne's name appears in the Army Lists for the 

State of the Expedition was drawn by list time in 1799.' [ ■ B H. ^ K. M. 

this officer, and is entitled " Position of 255: D. R. 3 D. P : H. B : G. S. 

the Detachment under Lieut. -Col. Baum, 4S7-] 
at Walmscock near Bennington. Sh;w- 



134- Lietit, Hadden's JournaL 

name was Depeyster <^9 and most of the Party 
fell ; of those who escaped the first onset and 
were taken many were killed in Cool blood or 
otherwise treated with the utmost cruelty : this 
at once held forth a shocking example and 
deterr'd any others of our friends from join- 
ing us. 

It does not appear that the Dragoons made 
any violent efforts, the Indians to a Man, and 
most of the Canadians Ran away at first and got 
safe in to us. Luke Le Corn <^^^' and his Son in 



dg. No officer named Depeyster be- 
ing known to have participated in the 
battle of Bennington it is believed that 
Hadden confounded the name with that 
of Phister, as an half-pay officer of this 
latter name joined Baum very much as 
he attributes to " Depeyster." Francis 
Phister, or Pfister, as he is called 
in the earlier Army Lists, entered the 
6oth, or Royal American Reg't of Foot, 
as an ensign Sept. 15, 1758, and was 
promoted to a lieutenancy Sept. 18, 
1760. Although his name does not ap 
pear on the halfpay list prior to 1773, 
yet he undoubtedly went upon half-pay 
and returned to active service, or else he 
lost priority in regimental rank for some 
unexplained reason, as in later Army Lists 
his regimental rank in the 60th is given 
as Oct. 9, 1767, with army rank from 
Sept. 18, 1760, the date of his original 
regimental commission in that grade. 
He was present March 11, 1768,31 a 
council with the Six Nations, Coghnawaga 
Confederacy and the Cherokee deputies, 
held in the coancil room at Johnson 
Hall; and in 1773, ^^ exchanged on to 
the half-pay of Capt. Joseph Hopkins' 
Independent Company of Rangers, his 
name appearing on that list as late as 



1783, some half dozen years after his 
death. Upon retiring from active mili- 
tary service he settled about half a mile 
west from Hoosick four corners, Ver- 
mont. In the early part of 1776 there 
seemed to have been some doubt which 
side he would espouse, as Gen. Schuyler 
was then expecting to obtain his services 
for the Americans, as appears from that 
officer's letter to the President of Con- 
gress dated Albany, Feb. 20, 1776, and 
which contains this language : — " I find 
that Mr. Phister, whom I mentioned as 
an Engineer, cannot be procured. What 
shall 'we do for proper persons to fill that 
branch .''" Burgoyne's successes decided 
Phister's course, however, and he com- 
manded a party of tories in the battle of 
Bennington, where he was mortally 
wounded. Hon. L. B. Armstrong of 
Dorset, Vt., has this officer's commission 
as a lieutenant in the Royal Americans, 
dated Sept. 18, 1 760, his draughting in- 
struments, and a beautifully drawn map 
of the route from St. John's via Lake 
George and the Hudson, to New York 
city. [M. N. 154, 158, 1S6: M. L. 
176 : F. 1215: B. H : I. R. 51.] 

dh. See appendix 17. 



Lieut, HaddeTi's yournal. 135 

Law M. henodter, <?»" the former Commanding 
the Indians (famous for his cruelties to the 
English Prisoners during the last War) and the 
latter the Canadians were among the first who 
got in, and scarce making a stop at the Army 
their panic made them proceed to Canada, where 
they were followed by most of the Indians : 
Had Gen'l Burgoyne known of this, further 
flight he declared he wou'd have secured the 
Heroes as Deserters ; in Canada they were out 
of his power and cou'd tell their own Story. 



di. Charles Louis Tarieu de Lanaudiere 
is the person alluded to by Hadden in 
the text as M Lenodier. He was de- 
scended from one of the oldest and most 
distinguished families of the Canadian 
noblesse. His great-yrandfathcr, who 
originally belonged in Guienne, in France, 
went to Canada towards the middle of 
the 17th century as an officer in the 
Regiment de Carignan, and settled 
there. His father was a military officer, 
became aide major of Quebec, and served 
against the English at the battle before 
Ticondtroga July 8, 1758, and in the 
campaign of J 759; receiving as a reward 
the crosj of the Royal and Military 
Order of St. Louis. Charles Louis 
Tarieu de Lanaudiere, the only child 
that attained majority, of Charles Fran- 
cois Xavier Tarieu de Lanaudiere by his 
first wife, Genevieve Deschamp de Bois- 
hebert, was born October 15, 1743. 
Following in the footsteps of his ancestry 
he embraced a military life and very 
early entered the Regiment de la Sarre, 
in which he was a lieutenant and aide 
major at the battle of St. Foy, April 28, 
1760, where he was severely wounded. 
When Canada became a British pos- 
session Lanaudiere, with his father, 
passed over into France j but, resigning 



his commission in the French army, he 
returned to Canada in 1763, and became 
a British subject. He visited Europe 
more than once, and af;er the conquest 
resided sometime in Englarid where he 
entered the most aristocratic society and 
spent his money like a lord among the 
British noblemen, so that his father 
said, — Should I put my son in one scale 
and the gold that he has cost me before 
receiving his portion, in the other, the 
latter would much outweigh him. He 
married Elizabeth de Chapt de la Corne, 
daughter of La Corne St. Luc, at Mon- 
treal, April 10, 1769. At the outbreak 
of hostilities between Great Biitain and 
her American colonies, he sided with 
the former, and, on the invasion of 
Canada, he took an active part in in- 
citing tie Canadians to arms and in re- 
pelling the invaders. When in No- 
vember, 1775, it became apparent that 
Montreal must fall into Montgomery's 
hands, Lanaudiere, who was one of Gen. 
Carleton's aids, accompanied his chief on 
the flight to guebec ; and during the 
siege of the latter city he was inde- 
fatigable in aiding in its defence. His 
zeal in this behalf is well illustrated by 
one ot his letters to the Canadian captains 
of militia written January 4th, 1776, in 



136 Lieut. Hadden's JournaL 



A report is current in the Army that an old 
picque between Brymen & Baume might oc- 
casion his tardiness, as he was heard to say " We 
will let them get warm before we reach them," 
when he heard the firing : It seems to have been 
reserved for him to give the last blow, as, to lay 
the fault wholly on his Shoulders wou'd certainly 
be unjust when almost every person concerned 
seems to have had a principal share in the 
disaster. It is also said & the Gen'l Orders 
seem to countenance such a report, that, the 
Support grumbling, induced Lt. Col. Brymen to 
wait unnecessarily for them to Cook their Kettles. 
Had they arrived in time it is probable the 



which he refers to Montgomery's un- 
successful assault in thiswise : " We have 
drubbed the Rebels. We have taken 
seven hundred killed, wounded and pris- 
oners, and their General, Montgomery. 
It remains with you to completely drive 
away our enemies. We fear nothing 
here, and will soon give you proofs, 
my dear fellow citizens. Signalize your- 
selves to retrieve the honour of the 
Canadians, and to gain every happiness 
to your Parish. The others will all 
follow your example. Two hundred 
men will destroy the lemains ot these 
miserable wretcheF, for you will raise all 
the other Parishes coming down." 

In 1777 M. Lanaudiere accompanied 
his father in law. La Corne St. Luc, 
with a mixed band of Indians and Can- 
adians, upon Burgoyne's expedition ; but 
he seems not to have taken a very 
prominent part in that campaign, and 
he returned to Canada before the ca- 
pitulation was consummated. According 
to Mr. Le Moine, he accompanied Sir 



Guy Carleton to Engl.ind in 1778, where 
George III rewarded him handsomely, 
as he was called to the Legislative Coun- 
cil of Quebec and appointed deputy post 
master general of Canada. When it 
was proposed to change the old French 
tenure of land in Canada, Lanaudiere, as 
a representative of one of the oldest 
seignories, took an active part in the 
discussions attending that reform. He 
seems by some to have been confounded 
with his father, and different writers as- 
sign different offices to him. Having 
lived much in England he spoke English 
fluently, and his relatives called him the 
Engliihman, as he possessed the colder, 
less demonstrative manners than the 
French, that marked the English gentle- 
man. He died in the Autumn of 1811, 
leaving one daughter that never married. 
[L. O : F. T. 511-544: A. Y. 229, 
299, 305, 306, 414: D. 0^40-42, 92- 
99: G. Y. Y. 106: A. G. 170, 171, 172, 
176: H. S. 284: I. E. 77: F. 854, 
855-] 



Lieut. Hadden*s yournal, 137 



Enemy wou'd have retired, but being attacked 
severally the Enemy only fought about half their 
ov^^n numbers and Night preserved the Rein- 
forcement from Baume s fate. 

Wednesday Aug't 27th Gen'l Burgoyne gave 
orders against employing the Kings Horses or 
Carriages without being authorised an Officer 
disobeying these orders to be Cashierc^d, a Con- 
ductor or Camp Follower to be tried by a Camp 
Court Martial. 

N. B. I forgot to mention that, on or about 
the 14th August a Bridge made oi Logs chain'd 
together was completed by Capt Laws (Capt of 
Artificers), <0' and the advanced Corps passed over 



d]. George Law, or Lawes, entered 
the British army Nov. 22, 1756, as a 
2d lieut. in the 6ist Foot, which, in 
1759, formed part of the expedition 
against the French West India Islands. 
Dec. 13th, in that year, he was promoted 
to be ist lieut. in the 76th Foot, which 
served in the expedition against Belleisle, 
on the coast of France, in 1761, and 
against Martinico in 1762, when he 
obtained a company. He was afterwards 
stationed in one of the Leeward Islands 
until the peace of 1763, when his regi- 
ment W.1S disbanded and he went upon 
half-pay, where he remained for about 
five years, his name appearing for the 
last time on the half pay of the 76th, in 
1768.' 

He probably emigrated to Canada prior 
to the American Revolution, as in a 
letter from Gen. Carleton to Gen. Howe 

dated at Q"'^''^*^? J^"> '*» ^ll^i ^^^ 
writer, in speaking of Arnold's attack on 
that part of the lower town called the 

18 



Saut au Matelot, in Montgomery's as- 
sault on Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775, says, — 
" A sally from the upper town, under 
Capt. Laws, attacked their rear, and sent 
in many prisoners."* It should be borne 
in mind that during the American inva- 
sion of Canada, Gen. Carleton was in 
such sore straits for troops he pressed 
every one capable of bearing arms into 
the service ; hence an old retired officer, 
under such circumstances, would loom 
into prominence. We likewise find 
other mention of Capt. Lawes about this 
time. The following extract from " A 
journal of the Principal Occurences during 
the siege of Quebec by the American 
Revolutionists," edited by W. T. Shortt 
of H. B. M. 17th Foot, gives us quite a 
glimpse of the character of this officer. 
The Journal speaks of the officer making 
the sortie ordered by Gen. Carleton to 
issue from the Palace Gate during the 
siege, as "Capt. Lawes of the Royal 
Engineers ;" but there was no officer of 



138 Lieut. Hadden's yoiirnaL 



it across the Hudsons River to Saratoga; The 
swells of the River occasioned by the heavy 
Rains on the 15th made it break in the middle 
ye 1 7th, and Aug't 1 8th, the Advanced Corps re- 
crossed to Batten Kill, the Germans fell back to 
Fort Edward and the communications with Fort 
George and Skeensborough were kept up as 
before the whole were prepared to move forward 
previous to ye Bennington business. 



that name in the Royal Engineers at or 
about that time, nor did Capt. George 
Lawes ever belong to that corps : the 
officer referred to, however, is unques- 
tionably the subject of this sketch. 
■"How we were conquerors at a juncture 
when we imagined all lost," says the 
journalist, *' and at a time when we so 
little expected it, you will now be in- 
formed, viz : — The governor being ap- 
prised by repeated messengers, some 
voluntary, while others were ordered to 
carry him intelligence to the castle, in 
rotation of duty, how likely the lower 
town was to fall into the hands of the 
enemy, they having forced our outpost, 
and nearly gained our last barrier, he, in 
■consequence of this, with the greatest 
coolness, ordered an immediate sortie 
to be made from Palace Gate to outflank 
them, conducted by Captain Lawes of the 
Royal Engineers, which party was 
covered by a Captain McDougal of the 
Royal Emigrants, and this body had no 
sooner gained the bottom of the hill than 
they fell in with the rearguard of the 
enemy, who were so much confounded 
at so unexpected an attack, that they 
immediately threw down their arms, and 
submitted themselves prisoners without 
firing a shot. Capt. Lawes kept boldly 
advancing (leaving McDougal to dispose 
of the enemy who had fallen into his 
hands, as was thought proper) and aoon 



gained the outpost at Saut au Matelot, 
which he entered without opposition, 
none of his party having as yet come up, 
and rushed into the midst of the rebels 
crying out, with the greatest iang froid, 
'You are all my prisoners.' If the rear 
party which consisted of upwards of 300, 
were astonished at being made prisoners 
so unexpectedly, you may well conceive 
the surprise of those who had made 
themselves masters of our post at being 
addressed in such language. ' How,' 
said they, ' your prisoners ! you are ours.' 
* No, no, my dtar creatures,' replied he, 
'I vow to God sou are all mine, don't 
mistake yourselves.' 'But where are 
your men V ' O, ho !' says he, ' make 
yourselves easy about that matter, they 
are all about here, and will be with you 
in a twinkling.' Conversation to that 
purpose, for near ten minutes, was carried 
on, during which period a proposal 
was made to kill him, which wr.s 
overruled ; in the interim his party 
arrived, made themselves masters of the 
post, and placing the enemy between two 
fires, secured it, with the assistance of 
Capt. McDougal. Thus the whole body 
of the enemy which had taken possession 
of the Saut au Matelot were made 
prisoneri. In this manner we within 
the town were released from impending 
ruin through this unexpected manouvre 
of the general, by which means their 



Lieut, Haddens yournal. 139 



Thursday 28th — Aug't 29th The following 
regulations respecting Servants &c were given 
in publick Orders (viz) 



Field Officers i 2 

Captains I I 

Sub'ns of a Company (2) 2 i 

When the Men's Tents are carried upon Batt- 
horses a Batt-Man to be allowed each Company, 
the Batt-men to be always armed and to form 
the Baggage Guard. 

Aug't 30th — Gen'l Burgoyne order'd a publick 
Sale of the Horses brought in by the Inhabitants 



whole party was either killed, wounded 
or taken prisoners ; among the former 
were three officers and fifty privates ; 
forty were wounded." For his brave con- 
duct in the defence of Quebec, Capt. 
Lawes received the royal approbation. 3 

He probably joined a provincial corps 
in 1776, as he was appointed an assist- 
ant engineer Sept. 24th, in that year ; 
and in 1777, he was commissioned as a 
captain in the ist Battalion of the Royal 
Highland Emigrants, afterwards the 84th 
Foot, his commission bearing date June 
zist.' He certainly stood high, in 
Sir Guy Carleton's opinion, as shown by 
a letter from one of his staff to Major 
Kingston, then deputy-adjutant-general 
with Burgoyne, which is as follows: 
"Quebec, 17th August, 1777. 

" The general has lately given a com- 
pany in 'he Emigrants to Capt. Lieut. 
Law serving with your army, and if his 
activity should be so much taken notice 
of by General Burgoyne (as I make no 
doubt it will) as it was by General Carle- 
ton, and he should be inclined to reward 
him further by removing him into an 



old corps, I know Sir Guy Carleton if it 
should be referred to him, would gladly 
concur with Gen'l Burgoyne."* 

When Capt. Lawes went on Bur- 
goyne's expedition in 1777, and served as 
a captain of artificers, he was only a pro- 
vincial officer, as the Emigrants, after- 
wards the 84th, had not then been put 
upon the regular establishment. He re- 
turned to Canada after Burgoyne's dis- 
aster, and was appointed Barrack-Master 
of Montreal and Fort Chambly Nov. 
20th, 1777.* He is mentioned in the 
Memoirs of Pierre du Calvet, whom he 
arrested on suspicion of treasonable prac- 
tices in 1780.* His name appears in the 
Army Lists for the last time in 1782, 
and he is supposed to have died in the 
latter part of that year, as Lieut. Laugh- 
Ian Macle.in was gazetted captain ot a 
company in the 84th, vice George 
Lawes," Jan. 3d, 1783^, and Capt. 
Maclean's commission was dated Oct. 
17th, 1782.' ['B. H. »F. 656. 3F. 
B. 188. 'F. B. 671. 5F. E. 88. 
•B. M. 76. 'H. 2. 25.] 



f 4-0 Lieut, Hadderi's ^Journal. 

every day, and forbid any being bought privately 
as it wou'd prevent a general supply. 

Sept. 2nd General Burgoyne order'd a Corps of 
Marksmen to be formed, consisting of i Non- 
commission'd Officer & i6 Men from each of the 
Five British Regiments: they are to h^ robust, 
sober, and Men of good characters. Capt Frazer 
is to command them and they are to act with the 
Savages. 

Sept. 3rd The Park of Artillery ^^^ came up 
from Fort George and encamped about 2 
Miles in our Rear. The additional Companies 
of the different Regiments joined us from Canada 
these were about 300 Men. An attempt was 
made to bring one of the Canadian built Gun 
Boats from Lake George, but failed of success, 
the Road being in many places Hilly & Rocky. 
A number of Batteaux's were brought from Fort 
Anne to Fort Edward & there launched into the 
Hudsons River, they were afterwards taken out 

dk. The Park of Artillery was a place The reserve officers, drivers, and horses, 

selected by the general of an army to the principal commissary with his assist- 

form the grand depot of guns, ammuni- ants, and the several necessary artificers 

tion and stores, to be in readiness as were also stationed there. To the park 

occasion might require. Attached to the all the brigades and field pieces detached 

park there were generally as many officers with the army, looked tor their resources ; 

and men of the Royal Artillery as were and when anything was requisite, the park 

sufficient to man the reserve guns in the was the place whence all supplies were 

park, and to replace casualties that might forwarded. The reserve ammunition for 

happen in the detached guns and bri- the troops was also deposited at the park 

gades. If a siege was to be undertaken the of artillery, and supplied upon requisi- 

number of officers and artillery men in tion under the orders of the command- 

the park had of course to be augmented. ing officer of artillery. [G. N.] 



Lieut. Had den's Journal, 14.1 

near Fort Miller on account of some shallows 
and carried 2 or 300 yards on Rollers pushed by- 
Fatigue Parties were again put into the River. 

Sept. 5th The additional Companies wereorder'd 
to fire Ball and attend drill 4 Hours a day. The 
Regiments to collect convalescents and settle 
their Regimental arrangements so that the Ranks 
may be as strong as possible the next march of 
the Army. 

Sept. 6th. Gen'l Orders. 

" Ten Men from the Provincials to be em- 
ployed as Storekeepers and orderly Men to the 
General Hospital, the Surgeons of Reg'ts to send 
to the Gen'l Hospital a return of the number of 
Sick they will be obliged to leave on the Army's 
moving. A Surgeon of the Hospital will review 
the Sick upon these Returns, in order to know 
their exact state, and what time they will again 
be fit for Service. A noncommiss'd officer to 
attend the reception of the Sick in the Gen'l 
Hospital, who is to deliver to the Clerk of the 
Hospital their Arms, accoutriments & necessaries 
for which he is to receive a receipt from the 
Clerk, who will preserve a list in his Orderly 
Book. Lt. England ^^ of the 47th Reg't is ap- 

dl. Poole England received three He was with his regiment in America at 

commissions in the British army, all in the breaking out of the Revolution, and 

the 47th Foot, andditcd as folljws, viz : was wounded at the battle of Bunker 

ensign Njv. 6, 1769; lieutenant April Hill.* He crossed Lake Champlain 

16,1773; and captain May 17, 1782.' with Burgoyne's expedition in 1777, and 



142 Lieut, Hadderi's journal. 

pointed to act as Fort Major at Tyconderoga. 
The Ammunition to be immediately completed 
to the original order of 100 Rounds pr. Man. 

Sept. 7th: G. Orders. All Prisoners, except 
the Military, in the Provost Guard to be brought 
before the Board of Commissioners ^'^^ tomorrow 
morning at 9 o'clock, all witnesses to attend. 

[Two pages left blank here in Lt. Hadden's 
Journal.] 

Sept. 8th : G. Orders. "A Gen'l Court Martial 
to sit tomorrow. The Army to receive Provis- 
ions to the 13th Inst. A working Party of 50 
Men to parade tomorrow morning at 6 o'clock 
to repair the Roads between this and Fort 
Edward. 

Sept. 9th — The Gen'l Orders. The Commis- 
saries to preserve the Salt in the provision Barrels. 
The whole to march from hence tomorrow 
morning. The General to beat at 8 o'clock, the 
Assembly at Nine. The Regiments to march 
by their Right, the Germans to furnish rear 
Guards. The Baggage and Batt-Horses to follow 
the Line. One Serjeant and Twelve Men to 
be furnished for a Guard to the Pay Master 

was appointed to act as Fort Major at appears in the Army Lists for the last 

Ticonderoga Sept. 6, 1777.3 Where time in 1783. ['B. H. ■'M. E. 47. 

Lieut. England was captured has not 3E. Z. ■♦D. R.] 

been ascertained, but he was a prisoner 

on his parole at Montreal Oct. 29, 1777, dm. Inhabitants who had joined us, 

at which time negotiations for his ex- of which Col. Skeene was president. 

change were in progress. * His name [Ha J Jen's Note'] 



Lieut. Haddens journal. 14.3 

General, a Serj't and twelve Men for the Hos- 
pital, who are also to give every assistance in the 
removal of the Sick and Wounded. The Gen'l 
Court Martial is dissolved." 

Brigade Orders by B. G'l Hamilton. 

" The Quarter Masters and Camp Coulour 
Men f-^'' to march at 7 o'clock." This move- 
ment was deferr'd. 

Sept. loth. Gen'l Orders. The Regiments will 
march tomorrow in the same order as directed 
yesterday, the Gen'l will beat tomorrow morning 
at 8 o'clock and the Assembly at Nine. 

Sept. I ith The Right Wing moved forward 3 
Miles, and took post near the Cranes^ to which 
place the Park of Artillery had been advanced 
some days : Here also about 5 Weeks Provisions 
for the Army was collected, having been for- 
warded from ^ebec upwards of four hundred 
Miles by Land or water. The Batteaux's in 
which it is to be floated down the River were 
brought the like distance. 

The Left or German Wing extended in our 
Rear as far as Duers House ; The Advanced 

■dn. Camp-Colours were a small sort Camp-Colour-men were men who 
of colours placed on the right and left of carried the camp-colours. Each regiment 
the parade of the regiment when in the had generally six, and sometimes one to 
field; they were eighteen inches square, each company: they always marched with 
and of the colour of the facing of the the quarter-master, to assist in making 
regiment, with the number of the regi- the necessary preparations against the 
ment upon them. The poles were 7 arrival of the regiment in a new en- 
feet 6 inches long, except those of the campment. [G. N.j 
quarter and rear guards, which were 9 feet. 



144 Lieut, Hadden's Journal, 

Corps remained in their post at Batten-Kill. 
Gen'l Orders. ** The Army will be ready to 

move forward tomorrow morning . " A 

fatigue party of i^o British and 50 Germans to 
parade at 4 o'clock to load Batteauxs. They 
will take directions from Cap't Schanks^^'^ (of 
the Navy) and work 'till 9 o'clock. 

Saturday Sept. i 3th : The Advanced Corps and 
Right Wing of the Army, with all the Artillery 
cross'd the Hudsons River on a Bridge of Bat- 
teauxs near Batten Kill, and encamped at Sarag- 
toga : we began our march at 2 in ye afternoon. 
The left wing remained on opposite side of the 
River, occupying Gen'l Frazer's old post near 
Batten Kill. 

Gen'l Orders. ** The Army may be required 
to take Arms at the shortest notice, Officers there- 
fore are not to quit Camp. No Soldier nor 
follower of the Army is to pass the Fish Kill 
under pain of the severest punishment. The 
present post of the Six Companies ^^P of the 47th 
Reg't being destin'd to cover the Depot of Pro- 
visions, those Companies are not to take any 
duties in the Line, but will augment their own 
Picquet to 40 Men, which during the Night will 
occupy a Post upon the Island, and upon the point 
of Land on the South side of the Fish Kill where 

dp. The rest were left at Fort George do. See Appendix 18 

and Diamond Island in Lake George. 
\_HaddensNote.'[ 



Lieut. Hadden's Journal. 14.5 



it falls into the main River. The 20th Reg't will 
advance four Companies to cover Head Quarters 
(in Schuylers House), they will bring their Tents 
and take their orders from Lt. Francis Clark, ^k 
The Picquets and Quarter Guards of the Line are 



dq. Sir Francis Carr Gierke was 
a great-great-grandson of Sir John 
Gierke, first baronet, of Hitchatn, 
in Buckinghamshire, the baronetcy 
having been created July 13, 1660. Sir 
Francis was descended from a younger 
son, and, upon the extinction of the 
elder lines, succeeded to the title Feb. 
12, 1769, as seventh baronet. He was 
born Oct. 24, 1748, in the parish of 
St. George, Hanover Square, London, 
and was the eldest son of Francis Gierke 
by his wife, Susannah Elizabeth, daughter 
of Thomas Henry Ashurst, Esq. of Water- 
stock, in Oxfordshire.' He entered the 
British military service as an ensign in the 
Third Foot Guards Jan. 3, 177°; ^"^^ 
was promoted to a lieutenancy, July 26, 
1775) which, owing to the double rank 
of the Guards, gave him the army rank 
of captain. He became the adjutant of 
his regiment Feb. 3, 1776*; and that 
same year accompanied Gen Burgoyne 
to America as an aid-de-camp, returning 
to England with him in November. In 
•777) when Burgoyne embarked for 
America to take command of his famous 
expedition, Sir Francis again accompanied 
him as private secretary and aid-de-camp. 3 
As a member of the military family of 
the commander in chief he bore an 
active part throughout the campaign ; 
in the last decisive action of which, on 
the 7th of October, he received a fatal 
wound. 

Burgoyne's adjutant-general, Lt.-Gol. 
Kingston, testified before the House of 
Commons, as follows : — 

•• What was the last time you saw Sir 
Francis Glarke in that action, and do you 
know what orders he was carrying ? 

19 



" It was after the retreat was become 
very general. Sir Francis Glarke asked 
me, if I had given any orders to the 
artillery to retreat ? I told him, that as 
there was a major-general of the artillery 
in the field, who was confessed by the 
army to be a very excellent officer, I 
would not take on myself, as adjutant- 
general, to give orders to any part of the 
artillery. Sir Francis Glarke told me, 
that a disposition had been made for a 
general retreat, and that he was going 
with orders from General Burgoyne to 
bring off the artillery. About the instant 
we were parting, a very heavy fire came 
upon us from the enemy, and I have 
since had reason to believe, that Sir 
Francis Glarke received his wound at that 
I me."'' 

Gen. Wilkinson gives the following 
circumstances of Sir Francis's last mo- 
ments : — 

" When I returned to head-quarters 
from the field of battle, 1 found Sir 
Francis Glark reposing on General 
Gates's bed, and those gentlemen engaged 
in a warm dispute, on the merits of the 
revolution. Sir Francis admitting that 
every procedure on our part, short of the 
declaration of independence, was war- 
ranted by the conduct of the British 
administration ; that he had on this 
ground vindicated us in public and private, 
but that the sudden act of severance, 
convinced him that the contest had 
originated in a premeditated view to in- 
dependence, into which the colonies had 
been cheated by the puritans of New 
England ; and that he, of consequence, 
had changed his opinion, and taken part 
against us. On the other hand, Gates 



14-6 Lieut, Hadden^s yournal. 



to be posted upon the Right Flank of the en- 
campment so as to form a Front in the same line 
of direction with the British Light Infantry : 
Should it be necessary to form a line of Battle 
to that Front, the Regiments of the Line will 
march to it by Two columns, the 9th Regiment 



contended, that the idea of disunion had 
never entered into the head of any 
American, until the menaces of the 
parliament, the repeated oppressive acts of 
the British government, and the manifest 
vindictive resentment of the sovereign, 
left the colonists no alternative between 
abject vassalage and self-government. 

" The old General became quite in- 
censed, and calling me out of the room, 
atked me if I had ever heard so impudent 
a son of a b — h. Sir Francis, who was 
I think a member of parliament, appeared 
to be an impetuous, high-minded, frank, 
fearless fellow, for suddenly changing the 
conversation he inquired of me, 'whether 
our surgeons were good for anything, as 
he did not like the direction of his wound, 
and was desirous to know whether it was 
mortal or not?' The following extract 
of a Jetter from Dr. Hayes to General 
Burgoyne, dated the 9th October, de- 
scribes Sir Francis's particular case. ' I 
have seen Sir Francis Clark, and am 
sorry to inform you that I form some 
unfavourable opinion of his case. The 
ball entered his right flank, struck the 
two last of the false ribs, penetrated the 
cavity of the abdomen, and seems to run 
towards the spine ; a tension of his belly, 
and involuntary discharges of urine are 
bad symptons. He has been attended 
with great care and tenderness ; I stay by 
him this night and shall not omit any 

attention for his recovery.' Sir 

Francis died I think the 13th, and the 
day before, questioned Doctor Townsend 
who attended him, as to the probable 
issue of the wound, the Doctor felt a 
reluctance in announcing his doom, he 



observed it, and remarked ' Doctor why 
do you pause .^ do you think I am afraid 
to die ?' The Doctor then advised him as 
an act of prudence, to arrange his private 
affairs ; ' thank you Doctor,' replied he, 
' I understand you, as to my private 
affairs, my father settled them for me, 
and I have only a few legacies to bequeath,* 
among them he gave twenty guineas to 
the matron of our hospital, who had paid 
particular attention to him. "5 

Wilkinson was mistaken in supposing 
that Sir Francis then was, or ever had 
been a member of parliament. 

Sir Francis was a very promising 
officer. Lt.-Col. Kingston said — '* I 
never saw an officer more attentive to 
the duties of his station than Sir Francis 
Clarke^ j" and Burgoyne bore this testi- 
mony to the merit of the deceased 
officer — "Sir Francis Clarke, my aid- 
de-camp, had originally recommended 
himself to my attention by his talents 
and diligence : as service and intimacy 
opened his character more, he became 
endeared to me by every quality that can 
create esteem. I lost in him an useful 
assistant, an amiable companion, an 
attached friend : the state was deprived 
by his death, of one of the fairest prom- 
ises of an able general."? 

Sir Francis was never married, and at 
his death his brother succeeded to the 
baronetcy. His remains were carried to 
England in 1777, and deposited in the 
church at Albany.' ['B. R: I. X. 
jipf. 196. ''B. H. 3H. G. 286, 338 : 
K. 1134: J. H : J. I. 4B. N. 8i. 
5M. T. 269 note. ^B. N. 75. 7B. N. 
izS.] 



Lieut. Haddens JournaL 147 

followed by the 21st making the Column of the 
Right, and the 62nd followed by the 20th 
making the column of the left, in order to fill 
up the space between the Corps of Gen'l Frazer 
and Col. Brymen. Brig. Gen'l Hamilton will 
order the proper communications for this move- 
ment, and mark it in such manner to the com- 
manding officers, that it may be made in the 
night time and free from confusion. 

When Major Gen'l Phillips shall have directed 
the Roads proper to be taken for the part the 
Artillery is to bear in this movement, they are 
also to be reconnoitred by the respective Officers, 
that their march may not clash with the columns. 
If this movement is made the 47th Reg't keeps 
its ground, and is to defend it to the last against 
any attack from the other side of the Water; and 
the four Companies are to take post in the Redout 
above the Bridge that leads to Head Quarters. 
In case of any movement on this side the 
Hudson's River Maj'r Gen'l Reidesil will form 
the left wing of the Army at the head of their 
encampment, but not march off the ground. 
The Quarter Masters and Camp Coulour Men 
of the left Wing will mark out their ground to- 
morrow morning, but that Wing is not to pass 
the River 'till the last of the Depot shall have 
passed the Bridge ; for the expediting of which 
purpose all the Departments concerned are to 
use their utmost diligence. 



148 Lieut. Haddens Journal . 

Sunday Sept. 14th. Gen'l Ord'rs " Enormous 
mismanagement has been committed in respect 
to the Kings Carts which have been allowed for 
the carriage of Camp Equipage only. Upon the 
next March the commanding officers of Corps 
are to be responsible that the Reg'l Q'r Master, 
or in his absence some other Officer deputed to 
act for him, inspect the loading of the Carts and 
suffer no Article beyond the extent of the Order 
to be put thereon. A Field officer for each 
Wing is to review the Carts as they pass off, and 
in case he finds any overloaded he is to direct 
the improper articles to be thrown off, and left 
upon the ground, and afterwards report the Regi- 
ment to which they belong. Any soldier or 
other person detected in ill treating any Drivers 
or Horses may expect to be severely punished. 
During the next marches of the Army the Corps 
are to move in such a state as to be fit for instant 
action, it therefore becomes unavoidably neces- 
sary to circumscribe more than at present. Regi- 
mental convenience in regard to the attendance 
upon Baggage, Cattle, & other inferior pur- 
poses. 

*• The Brig. Gen'ls will collect this Evening 
from ye Commanding Officers of Corps under 
their command, a Report of the number of Rank 
& File each Corps can march tomorrow in the 
Ranks, and account how the absent men are dis- 
posed of. 



Lieut, Hadden^s Journal, 149 

It is to be a standing order for the rest of the 
Campaign, that all Picquets, and Guards are under 
Arms an hour before daylight every morning and 
remain so 'till it is compleatly light. All out 
Posts and Picquets are to send out patroles at this 
time. The Army will be in readiness to march 
tomorrow.** 

Brig'e Orders. " For the future a line of Pickets 
is to be made in the Rear of each Regiment at 
which the Horses are to be tied, and none sufFer'd 
to go loose, the Carts are also to be arranged 
there." 

Monday Sept. 15th: Gen'l Orders. The Tents 
to be struck at 12 o'clock and Baggage loaded 
immediately. The Army to march in three 
Colums after having passed Schuylers House. The 
Right Column consisting of the British on the 
Right of the Road — The left column consisting 
of the left Wing along the Meadows on the left 
of the Road. The Artillery forming the centre 
Column, followed by the Baggage. The two 
Brigades of Artillery of the Line to lead. Lt. 
Col Brymens Corps to form the Rear Guard of 
the Army and wait upon their Ground till they 
receive an order from an Aid de Camp of the 
Command'r in Chief, or from Mjj'r Gen'l Rei- 
desil. The Provisions are to be floated down 
under the care of Cap't Brown of the Navy. 
" The 47th Reg't to move with the Rear of the 



150 Lieut, HadderCs yournaL 

Provisions. The Hospital to move as quick as 
Carts can be provided for them. The Bridge to 
be broke up and floated down immediately after 
the Army is marched under the direction of 
Capt Shanks (of the Navy)." 

Yesterday Gen'l Phillips called the Officers of 
Artillery together and exhorted them to be 
cautious of expending their Ammunition in case 
of an Action, reminding them of the impossibility 
of a fresh supply and requesting they wou'd rec- 
ollect that one Action wou'd not probably 
decide the Campaign, he therefore begg'd they 
wou'd avoid firing on a retreating Enemy unless 
almost certain of great success. He observed 
that, tho. they were under the command of every 
Senior Officer, yet, even to Commanding officers 
of the Battalion's they were serving with, they 
must remonstrate against firmg when required 
if contrary to their own opinions, and make him 
responsible for the consequences of their com- 
pliance if he persists. This line of conduct was 
to be pursued to all persons except the immediate 
bearers of official orders from the Com'r in Chief, 
M. G. Phillips, or the Brig. Gen'l Commanding 
the Brigade of Infantry to which the Guns were 
attached at the time. Orders from the Com'g 
Officers of the Brigade, or Corps of Artillery, of 
course were to be obeyed, these being in fact the 
orders of the Brig'r Gen'l Com'g the Brigade, as 



Lieut, Haddens yournal. 151 

his consent is absolutely necessary for all move- 
ments after the Guns are attached to his 
Brigade. 

Sept. 15th (continued) Agreeable to this day's 
Orders, the Army marched and the Bridge was 
broken up. We halted and encamped in one 
Line at a Farm called Dovegoty nearly 3 Miles 
from our former ground. 

Dovegot. Tuesday Sept. i6th. Gen'l Orders. 

" No Forragers are at anytime to go out in 
small parties, nor till the Fog is cleared up. 
When forage is wanted the Brigadier Generals 
will send a report to the General of the numbers 
proposed and the time they are meant to be 
absent from the Camp, that a judgement maybe 
formed whether the numbers can be spared for 
that time. The Foragers when out are to keep 
together, and upon the firing of Three Guns are 
to return to Camp with all possible expedition. 
The Carts that are lent to the Regiments for 
carrying the Regimental Baggage, are to be re- 
turned to the orders of the Deputy Q'r M'r 
General, as soon as they arrive in Camp, except 
at such times as the march of the Army is likely 
to be continued in a few hours. The Army 
marches tomorrow, the disposition of march will 
be given to the leaders of Columns early in the 
morning." 



152 Lieut, Hadden's yournal. 

This day about i o'clock, a Detachment of 
about 2,000 Men, with Capt. Jones Brigade of 
Artillery (4— 6 P'rs) advanced about 2 Miles, to 
reconnoitre a Road to the Right, and cover the 
workmen repairing some broken Bridges and 
other bad places in the main Road. The Gene- 
rals Burgoyne, Phillips & Frazer were out, we 
returned in the afternoon about 5 o'clock, 
nothing extraordinary hav'g happen'd. 

Wednesday Sept. 17th. The Army marched to 
Sword's Farm (3^ Miles). The order of March 
was Frazer s Corps and the Right IVing with 
their Artillery & Baggage upon the heights to 
the Right of the main Road, (as reconnoitred 
yesterday) forming the Right Column. The 
Park of Artillery & Baggage oi the Army on 
the main Road formed the Centre Column : 
and part of ye Left Wing moved on their left, 
being the left Column. The Provisions were 
floated down the River under the 47th Reg't. 

The Army now consisted of the follow'g 
Corps — (viz) — The 9th 20th, 21st, 24th and 62nd 
Regiments: 6 Companies of the 47th Reg't, 10 
Companies of Grenadiers & 10 of Lt. Infantry, 
300 Artillery Men, 150 Additional, Recruits for 
the Southern Army, and about 50 Marksmen, 
under Capt. Frazier, British. 

The Regiments of Rhetz, Specht, Reidesil 
(Infantry) and Hesse Hanau, Lt. Col. Brymen's 
Corps of Grenadiers & Chasseurs & about 40 
Jagers, German. 



Jlu9^oi^ .^<. 



J^- 










if'-«i> 



2 JLy ."yl^^S^'V./,.*, „ 






Ux-^ 










^ ,& f rJ 






' -i ^ 



P r ' 



Lieut. Hadden's ^Journal. 153 

The whole forming a Corps of about 6,000 
Men. We had about 50 Savages (all that re- 
mained of near 500 who crossed the Lake with 
us, the rest having deserted under various pre- 
tences till Msr. Luke he Corn s departure, when 
the defection became almost general) and be- 
tween One and 200 Provincials exclusive of 70 
or 80 Canadians bearing arms under Capts. 
Monin & Boucherville — including these & the 
residue (about 40) of Reidesils Dragoons, the 
whole might amount to something more than 
6,000 Men & Officers. The Sailors employed 
with the Batteauxs, Canadian Drivers, Artificers 
&c not bearing Arms or included in the above, 
were I apprehend, about 300. It is to be 
recollected that the Artillery, Additional Gun- 
ners, Sick, Servants & Batt-Men are to be ex- 
tracted from the number bearing arms, which 
wou'd probably reduce it to nearly 5,000 Effec- 
tives including the officers. 
The Guns & Ordnance were 

2 Lt. 24 Pounders. 

4 Medium 12 P'rs 
18— Light— 6 P'rs 

2 — Howitzers 8 Inch !- Brass 

4— '* — 5:in'ch 

6 — Light — 3 Pounders 

I — Light — I 2 Pounder 

Total 35 on Travelling Carriages ^^^ 

dr. The acidition is \ little defective, as Hadden gives it. 
as the figures foot up 37, instead of 35 

20 



154 Lieut. Haddens yournal. 
Also — 2 Mortars — 8 Inch 



and— 4 " —5;' ^^^^^s 

They were disposed of as follows, (viz) 
With B. G.Frazer under Capt. Walker ds 
4 — 6 Pounders — j Served by his Company and 
4 — 3 Pounders — l 40 additional from ye 
2 — 5^ Howitzers — ] Adv'd Corps. 

Each Piece of Ordnance had an Am'n Cart — 
and he was allowed 2 Country Carts for the 
Mens Tents, Artificers Tools &c. 

A Forge Cart travelled with this Brigade, as 
also I Collar Maker, i Smith & i Wheeler for 
the use of this and the Brigades of Jones & 
Pauch. 

Capt. Jones's Brigade Attached to the Right 
Wing — 

is. Ellis Walker entered the Royal was included in the Saratoga Convention, 
Military Academy at Woolwich, as and his name is attached to the Cam- 
a gentleman cadet, March i, 1755. He bridge Parole. His subsequent promo- 
was commissioned in the Royal Artillery tions were as follows ; major in the 
as a lieut.-fireworker Oct. 29, in that army June 7, 1782 5 lieut.-colonel in the 
year; a 2d lieut. April 2, 1757; a ist artillery Dec. i, 1782; colonel in the 
lieut. Jan. 1,1759; and a capt.-lieuten- army Oct. 12, 1793; in the artillery 
ant Aug. 5, 1761 ; in which latter year Nov. i, of the same year; major-general 
he took part in the siege of Belleisle on Feb. 26, 1795; colonel-commandant in 
the coast of France. He became a cap- the artillery Sept. 25, 1796, his successor 
tain Jan i, 1771, his being No. 7 being appointed July 13, 1799; lieut.- 
ccmpany, 3d Battalion, now "3" general April 29; 1802; and general 
Battery, 7th Brigade. He belonged to Jan. I, 18 12. He appears in the Army 
the artillery detachment that served in Lists for the last time in 1820, at which 
Canada, in 1776, and he participated in date there was only one officer in the 
Burgoyne's campaign the next year, artillery that ranked him. [G. U : 
having command of the guns attached B. H : C. Z. 224, 229 : E. Z.] 
to Gen. Eraser's Light Brigade. He 



Capt. Sub. N. C. oflTri 


Men 


Drum'r 


I I 


27 


I 


nt I 3 


26 





Lieut. Haddens yournaL 155 

4 Lt. 6 Pounders 

5 Ammunition Carts 

4 Country Carts laden with Intrenching Tools 
& spare Harness, and 2 ditto for the Camp 
Equipage. These were commanded and served by 



of Jones's Company 

Lt. Hadden' s Detachment 



Total 12 3 53 I 

Capt. Pauche's Brigade. Left Wing. 

6 — 6 Pounders 

2 — 3 Pounders — an Ammunition Cart for 
each Gun — 4 Country Carts laden with In- 
trenching Tools — 2 ditto for Camp Equipage, 
and one for each officer, these Gent'n not being 
allowed Artillery B & F.^^« 

This Brigade had already lost 2 — 6 and 2 — 3 
Pounders with Baume & Brymen at or near Ben- 
nington, its deficiencies were supplied from 
across Lake George. 

Park of Artillery under Capt. Carter. 

Divided into three Brigades (viz) 

dt. An abbreviation for Bat and Forage, meaning bat and forage money. 



156 Liieut. Haddens Journal, 



Left Brigade. 

Capt. Hosmer''" 
2 — Med'm 12 PVs 
»— Lt— 6 P'rs 
I — 8 In. How'r. 
I — 5i ditto 
English Waggons 
for M. 12 P'rs 2 
for 8 In. How'r. 2 
Am'n Carts 
for Lt. 6 P'rs 2 
for 5J How'ri i 



Centre Brigade. 
Capt. Blomfield 
"1 2 Lt. 24 Pounders 

1 Am'n Waggon 

The whole of these were 
.served by Maj'r Williams'si^" 
j & Capt. Carters Companies & 

about 130 Additional under 

Lt. Nutt 33rd Regt. 

2 Eng'h Waggons for Camp 
Equipage 



Right Brigade. 
Capt. Mitchelson 
2 Med. 12 Pounders 
2 Lt. 6 P'rs 
I — 8 In. Howitz'r 
I — 5I ditto. 
Waggons, 
j 2 for M. 12 P'ri 
I 2 for 8 In. How'r 
Ammunition Carts 
I 2 for Lt. 6 P'n 
[ I for 5^ How'rs 



Also with the Park — 2 Waggons loaded with 
Intrenching Tools : 2 Waggons loaded with 



du. Thomas Hosmer, entered the 
Royal Artillery as a lieut. -fireworker 
June 8, 1757 ; and was promoted to be 
a 2d lieut. Oct.. 23, 1761 ; a ist lieut. 
Dec. 20, 1765 5 and a capt. -lieutenant 
June 17, 1772. He served in the 2d 
Battalion until he became a ist lieut. 
when he was transferred to the 3d 
Battalion ; and upon his promotion to a 
captain-lieutenancy he was transferred 
again, this time to the ist Battalion. 
He was with the artillery detachment 
that served in Canada in 1776, and 
under Burgoyne in 1777. In this latter 
campaign he commanded the left 
brigade of the Park of Artillery, and 
served actively until Burgoyne's surrender, 
in which he was included, his name 
being attached to the Cambridge Parole. 
He obtained a captaincy Nov. 12, 1779, 
and for sometime commanded No. 2 
Company, ist Battalion, now "B" Bat- 
tery, 1st Brigade, and afterwards No. 4 
Company, ist Battalion, now " 3 " Bat- 
tery, 5th Brigade. He became a major in 
the army March 19, 1783 ; was invalided 
for home duty March 16, 1793 ; became 
a lieut. -colonel in the army March I, 
1794; and was attached to the Invalid 
Battalion Oct. 2, 1795. He died at 
Greenwich April 8, 1805. [G. U : 
C. Z. 173, 174: B. H: E. Z.] 



d-v. Griffith Williams entered the 
British military service as a private in the 
Royal Artillery Jan. 27, 1743, and on 
the 4th of April of the following year he 
became a gentleman cadet in the Royal 
Military Academy at Woolwich.' The 
following extract from a manuscript by 
this officer, deposited, in the Royal Ar- 
tillery Regimental Library, furnishes 
some interesting information in regard to 
the Royal Military Academy in 1744, 
when he belonged to it. ''In 1744," he 
wrote, " His Grace the late John, Duke 
of Montague, was Master- General of the 
Ordnance, to him the chief Master of 
the Academy reported the first of every 
month what progress the Cadets, Non- 
commissioned Officers, and Private men, 
who were his Pupils, made, and in what 
manner they distinguished themselves 
most ; the names of the Officers who 
attended was likewise carried to his 
Grace by the chief Master. At this time 
the Regiment of Artillery consisted of 
seven Companies only, and five Cadets to 
each Company ; they were distinguished 
by Cadet Gunners, and Cadet Mattrosses ; 
the Cadet Gunners (of which I was one) 
had Sixteen Pence per day, and the Cadet 
Mattrosses Twelve Pence per day j the 
Cadet Gunners, when the Companies 
were formed, took the right of the 



Lieut, Hadden's Jour fial, 157 



spare Harness : 8 Country Carts laden with Ar- 
tificers Tools & Camp Equipage — 2 Country 



Gunners ; and the Cadet Mattrosses the 
right of the Mattrosses ; they were 
mustered in the Companies to which 
they belonged, and the Captain of the 
Company had the sole command of them, 
in like manner with every other part ot 
his Company j they were treated as 
Officers and Gentlemen by all Officers of 
the Regiment, who frequently had them 
to dine with them, when their spare 
hours from their studies permitted ; the 
Cadets lodged and boarded at the most 
creditable houses in and near Woolwich, 
which many of them were able to do on 
their pay ; Government was at no other 
expense, except tiie Uniforms that were 
given the Cadets, without any stoppages 
being made out of their pay."^ 

Williams was commissioned a licut.- 
fireworker April 6, 1745, ^ '*' lieutenant 
March I, 1755, acapt.-lieut., Jan. i, 1759, 
and a captain Feb. 12,1760.' A portion 
of the time while a captain he commanded 
No. 5 Company, ist Battlion, now "4" 
Battery, i 3th Brigade. A fter the peace of 
1763 he was stationed in Ameiica.3 He 
became a major in the army Feb. 17, 
1776,' and he was, after Gen. Phillips, 
the ranking artillery officer serving in 
Canada under Carleton in 1776, and on 
Burgoync's expedition in if^l \ and, as 
such, he had the immediate command of 
the whole artillery detachment, though 
he was more particularly attached to the 
Park.* 

Gen Phillips reported to Lords Town- 
jend and Amherst from Albany, Oct. 22, 
1777, as follows , '' In the affair of Oc- 
tober 7th, Major Williams kept a battery 
in action, until the Artillery horses were 
all destroyed, and his men cither killed 
or wounded ; being unable to get off 
their guns, he was surrounded and taken, 
with two officers, Lieutenants York and 
Howorth, the htter wounded. ''S Gen. 
Gate* wrote from Saratoga to Gen. Bur- 



goyne in a letter dated Oct. 11, 1777, at 
follows : " At the solicitation of Major 
Williams, I am prevailed on to offer him 
and Major Meibon, in exchange for Col. 
Ethan Allen. Your Excellency's objec- 
tions to my last proposals for the exchange 
of Col. Allen, I must consider as trifling, 
as I cannot but suppose that the Generals 
of the royal armies act in equal concert 
with those of the Generals of the armies 
of the United States."* This offer was 
rejected. Major d'Mcibon, of the Bruni- 
wickers, was exchanged Sept. 3d, 1781,' 
but the date of Major Williams' exchange 
has not been ascertained. The following 
letter, written by this officer to Gen. 
Gates, gives a little insight into his char- 
acter, and some of his troubles. 

" 25 Oct\, ^ni- 

" My Dear General : I am much 
concern'd at being informed by Gen'l 
Phillips that from what was at that time 
look'd upon at Gen'l Burgoyne's Table 
to be no otherwise meant than to promote 
mirth and Laughter should at this time 
be represented to you as serious. Gen'l 
Burgoyne was present the whole time 
therefore I could not have presum'd to 
have meant to say anything that should 
give offence; nor did I perceive that the 
Capt'n (whose name I do not remember) 
the least displeas'd but rather joyned in 
the laugh. I remember saying to the 
Capt'n that this was an odd world we 
liv'd in that we were there the best of 
friends drink'g our wine and the day 
before trying to put one another to death : 
the Capt'n said very true and that if he 
had met me he would have kill'd me if 
he could : this brought on a laugh all in 
good humour. 

" I press'd the Capt'n to drink a Glass 
of wine which he declin'd by saying that 
he was feverish. I say'd that my way 
was always to keep the blood above fever 
heat; and to heat it so much aj to pre- 



158 Lieut, HadderCs Journal, 

Carts for the Conductors/^^ and several Wag- 
gons laden with Laboratory Stores, Musquet 
Cartridges, Corn Powder^*, Ball, Twine, Paper 
&c for making up Cartridges — Grease &c — and 
all the small articles necessary for the Train or 
Army, in about 10 or 12 Waggons. 

There was a Lt. 12 P'r, 2 — 8 Inch and 4 — 5^ 
Inch, with several Coehorn Mortars on board a 
Skow with the Provisions, and likewise a supply 
of dead ShelMv. 



vent Bug, Flee or musketo to touch me 
without burning their feet, in short Sir 
the whole a> far as I can remember 
amounted to something of this kind. 

" After the Civility I met with from 
you and your Officers I am bound as a 
man of honor to declare that I did not 
intend to give the least offence to the 
Capt. and much shall I be distressed 
should you have a doubt of the truth of 
what I have said. 
" I have the honor to be, my Dear Gen'l 

" Your most obedient humble Servant 
" G'th Williams, Major. 
'• Albany 25th Octob'r, 1777. 

" Major Gen'l Gates." ^ 

Williams became a major in the ar- 
tillery March 21, 1780, lieut. -colonel 
Jan. 9, 1782, and colonel of the 2d 
Battalion Dec. I, 1782.' During the 
latter part of the great siege of Gibraltar 
Col. Williams had command of the 
artillery there. 9 Col. Williams was the 
commanding officer of the garrison at 
Woolwich, the headquarters of the Royal 
Art'y, Oct. 20, 1783, upon his return 
from Gibraltar, and so continued until 
Feb. 8, 1786. He commanded the 
garrison again July 23, 1789, his suc- 
cessor being appointed three days after 



his death. Previous to 1782 the com- 
mand of the garrison devolved upon the 
senior officer on the spot, but after that 
date he was appointed by the Master 
General of the Ordnance. After forty- 
seven years of service in the Royal Ar- 
tillery Col. Williams died at Woolwich, 
March i8, 1790.'° [' G. U: B. H. 
"K. R. 5. 3 C. Z. 175, 244. -tE. Z. 
3C. Z. 315. 6K. G. 462. 7K. J. 65. 
8D R. 9C. Z. 288. '°G. U:D. Z. 
373-] 

dix). Conductors were assistants to the 
commissaries of stores, to conduct depots, 
or magazines, from one place to another ; 
they also had the care of the ammu- 
nition wagons in the field; they reported 
to the commissary, and were under his 
command. [G. N.] 

dx. Corn powder is supposed to be 
priming powder, deriving its name from 
the French word Corne, pronounced corn, 
and signifying horn, as priming powder 
was frequently carried in powder horns. 

dy. Shells, charged or loaded, are 
called filled or live shells ; those, not 
charged or loaded, are called empty, or, as 
Hadden terms them, dead shells. 



Lieut. Haddens yournal. 159 

The 6 Pounders were completed to 70 R'ds 
of Round Shot & 30 R'ds of Case each. The 3 
Pounders R'ds of Round — and Rounds of 

Case— Fixed Ammunition. 

[Here follows 2 blank pages in the Journal.] 

The Advanced Corps of the Army under B. G. 
Frazer, was composed of the 20 Comp's of British 
Grenadiers & Lt. Infantry — The 24th Regiment, 
and all the small Corps of Provincials, Canadians, 
Savages, Marksmen &c. With Capt. Walkers 
Brigade of Guns. 

The Right Wing, since the departure of B. 
G. Powel & the 53rd Regt. was considered as 
one Brigade under Brigadier Gen'l Hamilton, 
and consisted of the 9th, 20th, 21st, & 62nd 
Regim'ts, with Capt. Jones's Brigade of Guns. 

The German reserve under Lt. Col. Brymen 
continued to encamp and march near to Brig'r 
Frazers Corps, with 2 — 6 P'rsfrom Capt. Pauche's 
Brigade. 

The Left Wing consisted of the Brunswick 
Reg'ts of RhetZy Specht^ &c Reidesil, under Brig'r 
Gen'l Spec/it^ and the Regt of Hesse Hannau 
under Brig'r Gen'l Goll. The whole com- 
manded by Maj'r Gen'l Reidesil. The remain- 
ing few of Reidesils Dragoons were shabbily 
mounted and attended (occasionally) the General. 



i6o Lieut. Haddens journal. 

The six Companies of the 47th Reg't con- 
tinued as an escort for the Provisions. 

Sept. 17th (continued) The Army being ar- 
rived at Swords's Farm encamped en potence ^^^ 
the left flank being secured by the River. 

Thursday Sept. i8th — About 10 o'clock this 
morning some Soldiers & Women having stroled 
in front of the Encampment about 4 or 500 yards 
to gather Potatoes, w^ere fired upon by a Party of 
the Enemy several were killed or wounded 
and about 20 made Prisoners, which occasioned 
the following Gen'l Order — 

** To the great reproach of discipline and of 
the common sense of the Soldiers who have been 
made Prisoners, the Service has sustained a loss 
within Ten days, that might have cost the lives of 
some hundred of the Enemy to have brought 
upon it in Action. 

The General will no longer bear to lose Men 
for the pitiful consideration of Potatoes or For- 
rage — The life of the Soldier is the property of 
the King and since neither friendly admonition, 
repeated injunctions, nor corporal punishment 
have effect, after what has happen'd, ye Army is 

dz-. Troops are ranged en potence by securing that line. An army may be 

breaking a straight line, and throwing a posted en potence hy means of a village, a 

certain proportion of it either forward or river, or a wood. The disposition en po- 

backward, from the right or left, accord- tence is frequently necessary in narrow 

ing to circumstances, for the purpose of and intersected ground. [G. N.] 



Lieut, Hadden's yournal, i6i 

now to be informed, (and it is not doubted the 
commanding Officers will do it solemnly) that 
the first Soldier caught beyond the advance Sen- 
tries of the Army will be instantly hanged. 

If the Army does not march this afternoon, 
two days more provision will be issued, to victual 
them to the 21st inclusive. 

It is possible that some flour may have re- 
ceived dammage from water carriage, in that 
case care must be taken that a distribution 
be made equally, that no particular mess may 
suffer. 

The Baggage is to remain loaded as the Army 
will march as soon as the Bridges are repaired. 

In case of an action the Lieut't General will be 
found near the center of the British line, or, he 
will leave word there where he may be followed. 

In case of an action one Orderly Subaltern 
Officer is to be sent from each of the following 
Corps, (viz.) one from the British line, one from 
Brig'r Gen'l Frazers Corps, and one who speaks 
French from the left wing — These Officers are 
to be on Horse-back. 

Friday Sep'r 19th — Between 9 & 10 o'clock 
in the forenoon the Army advanced in three 
Columns agreeable to former Orders. 

About a mile from our last ground (the center 
column) we came to a deep Ravin with a run of 
21 



i62 Lieut, Hadden's yoiirnai 



water sufficient to work a Saw-mill in the middle ; 
here the enemy having neglected to destroy a 
small Bridge we passed the Ravin and creek 
without opposition. 

The whole of this column and Baggage having 
gained the opposite height, the army halted at 
12 o'clock for near an hour, during which time 
several shot were fired & returned by our advanced 
Sentries. 

Nearly a quarter of an hour before we resumed 
our march the Picquets of the British line (lOO 
Rank & File) advanced under Major Forbes 



ea 



ea. Gordon Forbes was born in, or 
about, the year 1738. He entered the 
British military service Aug. 27, 1756, as 
an ensign in the 33d Foot, and was pro- 
moted Oct. 2, 1757, to a lieutenancy in 
the 72d Foot, which corps had previously 
been the 2d Battalion of the 33d. He 
obtained a captaincy Oct. 17, 1762, and 
served with the 72d in the Havannah 
until 1764, when it returned to England 
and was disbanded j whereupon Capt. 
Forbes exchanged into the 34th Foot, his 
commission therein bearing date April 
1 2th in that year. He served with that 
regiment in Louisiana and other parts of 
America, and returned to England with 
it in 1773. In the spring of 1776 Capt. 
Forbes accompanied his regiment to 
Canada, and on Nov. nth of that year 
was promoted to the majority of the 9th 
Foot, which was also in Canada. In the 
following year he participated in Bur- 
goyne's campaign; and July 9th took, an 
active part in the aftair near Fort Ann. 
In the battle of Freeman's Farm, Sept. 
19th, he commanded the British pickets 
and was wounded very early in the day. 
Speaking of this officer's conduct during 



Burgoyne's campaign, Cannon, in hi» 
Historical Record of the 9th Regiment, 
page 32, says — '' Major Gordon Forbes 
behaved with great gallantry and was 
twice wounded." As we find his name 
in no casualty list except that of Free- 
man's Farm, and as he himself says, 
''after the action of the 19th, I went to 
the hospital to get my wounds dressed, 
and did not join the regiment till the 8th 
of October," he could not have taken 
part in the action of Bemus' Heights, 
Oct. 7th ; hence he must have received 
two wounds at Freeman's Farm. He was 
included in Burgoyne's capitulation, and 
his name is attached to the Cambridge 
Parole. He was exchanged, or paroled, 
in 1778, and sailed for England ; but the 
Eagle packet, on which he, with other 
British officers, had embarked, was cap- 
tured Sept. 29th of that year, by the 
American privateer Vengeance, of 20 
guns, and carried into Corunna. Late 
in 1778 and early in 1779 he aided in 
raising the 74th Foot, or Argyle's High- 
landers — so named because it was raised 
under the auspices of the Duke of 
Argyle, and mostly from his clan, and 



Lieut, Hadden's yournaU .163 

(9th Regt.) and were repulsed with loss by a 
corps of Rifle-men commanded by the Rebel 
Colonel Morgan. 

Major Forbes was wounded and the retreat of 
his Detachment was secured by the Battalion of 
Light Infantry sent from the column on the 
Right commanded by Brig'r General Frazer. 

The British troops halted & formed 'till the 
whole of Major Forbes's party came in — and 
having commenced a fire without orders (by 
which many of our own people were killed in 
retreating) Maj'r Kingston proposed the firing a 
Gun to check it, which had the desired effect and 
by that accident I fired the first Shot from the 
main body of this Army. 

About 2 o'clock in the afternoon the British 
Regiments arrived opposite to Freemans House 

in 1779 he testified before a committee the 105th Foot. Oct. 3d of the same 

of the House of Commons in regard to year he became a major general j and he 

Burgoyne's disastrous campaign. He remained colonel of the 105th until it 

became the lieut. colonel of the newly was disbanded in 1796, though he was 

raised I02d Foot Sept. 24, 178 1, and continued on full pay after that event, 

served with it in the East Indies, where Jan. 24, 1797, he was appointed colonel 

he received the local rank of colonel in of the 81st, or Loyal Lincoln Volunteers, 

the East Indies only, June 13,1782. but his stay with that regiment was short. 

At the general peace of 1783 the lozd as he was transferred to the 29th Foot 

was disbanded, and Col. Forbes went Aug. 8th, 1797} and of thit corps he 

upon half-pay. He became the lieut.- remained colonel for thirty years. Gen. 

colonel of the 74th Foot Oct. 12, 1787, Forbes commanded the troops at St. 

but in the Army List of 1789 he dis- Domingo for two years. He became a 

appears from the regimental list of that lieut. -general Jan. i, 1801 ; and a 

organization, and in the list of lieut.- general Jan. I, 1812. He died at Ham 

colonels in the army he appears as late in the county of Middlesex, Jan. 17, 

lirut.-colonel of that corps He became 1828, in the 90th year of his age. 

a colonel in the army Nov. 18, 1790, [ B. H : E. S 188: H.J. 418, 440: 

and he remained unattached till April B. N. 63 : B. M. 86, note.] 
18, 1794, when he was made colonel of 



164 Lieut, Haddeti's yournai, 

thro, which I was order'd to fire a Shot and it 
not taking effect Capt. Jones laid the second him- 
self with success, but there being no Enemy in 
it (tho. it was from hence Major Forbes was 
first attacked) the Troops passed a small bridge 
(over a hollow way or large gutter apparently 
made by heavy falls of Rain) and took post at 
the skirt of a wood a little beyond it. 

Sep'r 19th continued. [See Maps.] 

The Enemy being in possession of the wood 
almost immediately attacked the Corps which 
took post beyond two log Huts on Freemans 
Farm. Capt. Jones's Brigade was hasten'd to 
their support, I was advanced with two Guns to 
the left of the 62nd Regt and ye two left com- 
panies being formed en potence I took post in the 
Angle. Lieut. Reid who remain'd with Capt 
Jones and the other two was posted between the 
9th & 2ist Regts: — 

In this situation we sustained a heavy tho. in- 
termitting fire for near three hours, and Gen'l 
Frazers Corps being also attacked, tho. partially, 
Five companies of the 24th Regt. were advanced 
into the wood in their front, and being repulsed 
a second attempt was made with whole Regi- 
ment, in which they succeeded with the loss ot 
about fifty Men. 

The Enemy continuing the heat of their at- 
tack on the flank (and ocpasionally the rear) of 
the 62nd Regt., that Corps suffer'd very much. 



e. b. at. V2»-gr4 



AAA 



i i : 




4«- -^ A. 



L- 4. 'fc- ' • 



^ ^ ^ A % 4, 









/ ■ 'mUiJi.llHi 










_ .1*. : i.-'j- <■ 







1| 









S." »~ * 4. % t. 






r*"-^x^'<^^ 



^ :'^ 

»,,-' 






i.'i- 






•»ff<r 



L>ieut. Hadden's JournaL 165 

and having lost in killed or wounded Nineteen 
out Twenty two Artillery attached to my two 
Guns Posted in the Angle, I applied to Brig'r 
Gen'l. Hamilton for a supply of Infantry, and 
(while speaking to him my cap was shot thro, 
in the front) not being able to obtain relief was 
referr'd to Gen'l. Phillips who was with Gen'l 
Burgoyne just beyond one of the two log Huts. 

On making known my situation Capt. Jones 
was order'd to let me have all the Men from one 
of Lt. Reids Guns with a view I believe to re- 
tire mine a little, Capt. Jones was order'd to 
accompany me himself. 

The Enemy being reinforced and advancing 
closer since the fire of the flank Guns were 
silenced I found on my return that the 62nd 
Regiment had made an unsuccessful effort to 
force them, by which that Regt. lost 25 Pris- 
oners, and being worn down had begun to get 
into confusion, in which situation I found them. 
Capt. Jones immediately began firing, but being 
himself very soon wounded as were also the 
whole of the men we brought up, I was desired 
to endeavour to effect the Retreat of my Guns, 
but before I cou'd accomplish it, the 62nd Regt. 
having lost 187 Killed or Wounded and 25 Pris- 
oners (out of between 3 & 4 hundred of which 
the Effectives of the Batt'n consisted) were forced 
to abandon the Hill & on it my Guns. Having 
supported Capt. Jones in my ar:ns for some time 



1 66 Liieut. Hadden'^s yournaL 

I carried him into one of the Huts which was 
filled with wounded and being sometime before 
I cou'd find a place to lay him in, the whole of 
the Troops had quitted the height and it was 
with difficulty I got within our own line which 
was advancing under Gen'l. Phillips, and at that 
time not more than a hundred yards from the 
Enemy, who were following the retreating troops. 

During this attack the 20th Regt. was thrown 
into the wood on the left of the corn field and 
repulsed the Enemy which saved the Rear of the 
62nd Regt. from being galled by them. 

As the attack was so much on the left the 
9th Regt. not being useful in their original situa- 
tion, was retired across the Bridge and continued 
as a Corps of reserve, 'till the retreat of the 62nd 
Regt. when Gen'l Phillips arriving with some 
more Guns under Col. Williams, advanced at the 
head of the British line (with two German Regi- 
ments on their left) repossessed the height and 
my Guns. The Grenadiers under Gen'l Frazer 
moving forward on the right at the same time a 
very heavy fire commenced, the Rebels thus 
pressed retreated on all sides, and being driven 
across the Field made the best of their way to 
their works. By this time it being nearly dark 
no further pursuit was attempted. 

During the attack on the 62nd Regt. two 
Companies of light were advanced on our left 
and effectually cleared us of attack which was 
not renewed 'till they were withdrawn 

End of Journal. 



HADDEN'S ORDERLY BOOKS. 



[As the General Orders in Hadden's Orderly Books are 
frequently unaccompanied by the name of the general issuing 
them, the names in such cases are not attempted to be supplied 
by the editor, save in very rare instances when they are put in 
brackets, although the known absence of Gen. Carleton from, 
and the presence of Lieut. Gen. Burgoyne at, the place of the 
date of the order, often furnishes a clue to the author. The 
General Orders without the names of the persons issuing them, 
are almost without exception those of Burgoyne or Phillips, the 
majority being by Burgoyne. General Orders were issued 
by the officer of highest rank at the place of issuance on the 
date of the order. Thus, if a General Order was issued at 
Chambly, and Gen Carleton was there at the date of it, it was 
issued by him : otherwise by Lieut. Gen. Burgoyne, were he 
present. Should both be absent, however, then Major Gen. 
Phillips would issue the order. As Carleton and Burgoyne, in 
1776, were constantly going from place to place, it is not 
always easy to say exactly who issued some of the orders. As 
Sir Guy Carleton was commander in chief in Canada in 1776 
and 1777, all orders issued by him anywhere in that province 
applicable to troops within it, were paramount to General 
Orders issued by any other officer ; General Orders 



1 68 Haddens Orderly Books. 

being only more or less general, or relatively general, 
according to circumstances. The king's orders, or those of 
the secretary of state for war, applied to British troops every- 
where, if applicable to them. The General Orders of the 
commander in chief of a province, applied to all the troops 
within that province if applicable to them ; and the General 
Orders of the general of highest rank in a particular locality, 
applied simply to the troops within that district or restricted 
locality. If an inferior officer desired to issue an order he could 
only issue a Division, Brigade or Regimental Order, and only 
of such a character as would not conflict with the orders of his 
superiors. Editor.^ 



[By Sir Guy Carleton.J 

General Orders. June yd, ^77^- 

Captain Edward Foy of the Royal Artillery is 
appointed Deputy Adjutant General to the 
Army in Canada. 

All Reports from the Ordnance either concern- 
ing the Engineering Branch, or Artillery De- 
partment to be made to Major General Phillips, 
through whom all Orders will be communicated 
to them. 

Captain Bloomfield of the Royal Artillery is 
appointed Major of Brigade to Major General 
Phillips. 



Haddens Orderly Books. 169 



By Major General Phillips. 

Brigade Orders. 'June i^rd, 1776. 

Lieutenant Twiss"'^ is to proceed to Three 
Rivers, and give his directions for constructing 
of Boats. The description of one of these Boats 



eb. William Twiss was born in or 
about the year 1745.' He entered the 
military department of the Ordnance in 
July, 1760, and was commissioned a 
practitioner engineer and ensign in tjie 
Royal Engineers in 1764. All his life 
he remained connected with the engineer 
corps in which he was promoted to be a 
sub-engineer and lieutenant April i, 
1771.^ From 1762 to 1771 he served 
as an engineer in the garrison at Gibraltar, 
and from 1772 to the end of 1775 ^^ 
was employed on the new fortifications 
then constructing for the defence of the 
dock yard at Portsmouth. Early in 
1776 Lieut. Twiss enibarked with the 
reinforcements sent out to Gen. Carleton.3 
He landed at Quebec late in May of that 
year, and on the loth of the next month 
he was appointed on the staff of Major 
Gen. Phillips.-* He assisted in expelling 
the Americans from Canada, and then 
Sir Guy Carleton appointed him comp- 
troller of works. In conjunction with 
Lieut. Schanck, the superintendent of 
the naval department, he was set about 
constructing a fleet for Lake Champlain, 
with gun boats and batteaux for convey- 
ing the army across the lake. They 
began their arduous undertaking the 
middle of July, when the British govern- 
ment had neither vessel nor boat on 
Lake Champlain, nor the smallest build- 
ing for barracks, storehouses, or work- 
shops. Notwithstanding all difficulties 
the fleet was built; and, Oct. iith, it 
fought and beat the Americans at Valcour 
Island, thus winning for Great Britain 

22 



the naval supremacy on Lake Champlain, 
which it retained throughout the war.3 
The following sentence is from Sir Guy 
Carleton's order issued from Isle aux 
Noix Oct. 4th, 1776, relating to >' a 
disposition being made for the army to 
proceed in search of the enemy," viz : 
" Captain Pringle, Captain Dacres, and 
Captains Schanks and Starke of the 
Navy, and Lieut. Twiss of the Corps of 
Engineers deserve particular distinction 
in this acknowledgment, it being to the 
indefatigable attention of these gentlemen 
that the surprisingly expeditious advance- 
ment of the impoitant works carried on 
is owing." 5 Lieut. Twiss accompanied 
the army to Crown Point in the autumn 
of 1776, and also returned with it and 
wintered in Canada. 

In the spring of 1777 he was appointed 
chief engineer of Burgoyne's army. To 
his zeal and activity at the investment 
ot Ticonderoga was due the precipitate 
evacuation of that post by the Americans, 
as he reported to Gen. Phillips that he 
could cut a road to the top of Mount 
Defiance in twenty-four hours and plant 
a battery there which would command 
the American fortifications. He set 
about his work with characteristic earnest- 
ness, but the Americans did not wait to 
see him finish it. He served throughout 
Burgoyne's campaign and was present at 
all the general engagements. He was 
included in the Saratoga Convention, but 
was exchanged a few days afterwards, and 
returned to Ticonderoga, which post he 
assisted in evacuating in November, 1777. 



lyo Haddens Orderly Books. 



is a common flat bottom called a King's Boat or 
Royal Boat, calculated to carry from 30 to 40 
men with stores and provisions, with this only 
diflference, that the Bow of each Boat is to be 
made square resembling an English Punt, for the 



In the autumn of 1778, he, together with 
Capt. Aubrey of the 47th, and Lieut. 
Schank of the navy, was sent by Gen. 
Haldimand, Sir Guy Carleton's successor, 
to establish a post at the entrance of 
Lake Ontario*, and, on the i8th of 
December of that year, he was promoted 
to be a capt. -lieutenant and captain, 
which gave him the full rank of captain 
of engineers.'' The high opinion enter- 
tained of this officer by his superiors is 
shown by the two following letters from 
Gen. Haldimand, then commander in 
chief in Canada, the first to Lord Towns- 
hend, and the second to Lord George 
■Germaine, 

'■' Sluehec, June 18///, 1779. 

" Capt. Marr, who is at present 

the senior Engineer in the Province I 
found stationed at guebec by Gen. 
Carleton, and the entire direction of all 
the other Forts &c. put under Lieut. 
Twiss. I continued this Regulation 
both because I thought it for the good 
of the service, and as far as I could learn, 
that it was also your Lordship's inten- 
tions it should be so. A more thorough 
knowledge of these Gentlemen has con- 
vinced me that I was right, and as Capt. 
Marr is now old and infirm, I have this 
summer consented to the request (he 
made last Fall tho. too late) of returning 
to England, and I shall order him to lay 
before your Lordship his remarks upon 
Cape Diamond together with his Pro- 
posals for a Citadel, and I do earnestly 
request that your Lordship will apply to 
His Majesty to have Lt. Twiss appointed 
the Chief Engineer of this Province, as 
I have found his zeal, activity and abil- 



ities equal to the important trust, and 
although he has the Misfortune of being 
low in Rank, I am informed he has been 
19 years in the service, and being actively 
employed during the whole of that time. "7 

i^ae^cc, l%th June, I'JJi). 
....." I have the satisfaction of in- 
forming your Lordship that every Branch 
of the Engineer Dept. which is carried 
on under the direction of Lt. Twiss is 
performed with great judgment and econ- 
omy, and I have such confidence in his 
abilities and integrity that I request he 
may be appointed the Chief Engineer for 
this Province, and Capt. Marr who has 
been employed as Engineer at Quebec 
having applied for leave (tho. too late) 
last Fall to return to England I have 
now permitted to go home by the next 
ship. 

" The several posts established for the 
security of the Country are so very dis- 
tant, that it not only requires an uncom- 
mon share of activity in the Chief 
Engineer, but also great dependence upon 
the application of each officer under him, 
as they have separate stations," &c.^ 

During the remainder of our Rev- 
olutionary struggle Capt. Twiss served in 
different parts of Canada as commanding 
engineer, and at the peace of 1783 he 
obtained leave to return to England. 
In 1785 he was employed as secretary to 
the Board of Land and Sea officers, ap- 
pointed under the King's sign manual, 
to report upon the defences of the dock 
yards at Portsmouth and Plymouth. 
From 1785 to 1792 he served as an 
engineer at Portsmouth where many new 
works were being constructed, par- 



Haddens Orderly Books, 171 

conveniency of disembarking the Troops, by the 
means of a kind of broad gang board, with Loop- 
holes made in it for Musqaetry, and which may 
serve as a Mantelet when advancing towards an 
Enemy, and must be made strong accordingly. 



ticularly Fort Cumberland at the entrance 
of Langston Harbor.? He became a 
lieut. -colonel in he Royal Engineers 
July 16, 1794^; and Dec. 26th of" the 
same year he was appointed lieut. -gov- 
ernor of the Royal Military Academy at 
Woolwich, the duties of which position 
he assumed Jan. i, 1795. '^^'^ office, 
which was worth £300 a year, he con- 
tinued to hold until he became colonel 
commandant of the Royal Engineers in 
1809, when, by the rules of the service, 
he was superseded, Lieut. -Colonel Mudge 
of the Royal Artillery being appointed 
his successor Aug. 16, 1809.9 He was 
during all this time, however, employed 
on various services. Between 1792 and 
1799 ^^ '^^^ engaged in increasing and 
strengthening the defences on the coasts 
of Kent and Sussex, particularly at Dover 
Castle. When Col. Hay of the En- 
gineers was killed in Holland, in 1799, 
Lieut. -Colonel Twiss was sent there as 
commanding Royal Engineer, and served 
under the late Duke of York, remaining 
there until the evacuation of that country 
was completed. 3 The reputation of 
Lieut.-Colonel Twiss with his brother 
officers at this time is well illustrated by 
the following extract from a letter written 
by the Marquis Cornwallis to Major 
General Ross."° The Marquis, after re- 
ferring to Col. Hay's death, says : — " The 
force destined to serve in Holland, which 
is one of the most considerable in number 
of our national troops that has ever been 
employed on the Continent, has now no 
Engineer of rank or character. Should 
not the Ordnance say something to the 
Duke of York, even if H. R. H. 
should make no application ? I should 
have thought that Twiss, who is certainly 



our best, should have the direction, with 
some assistants who would be more able 
in point of bodily fatigue." 

Jan. I, i8oo, he became a colonel in 
the army=, and during that year he was 
sent to visit the islands of Guernsey and 
Jersey. 3 April i8, 1801, he was pro- 
moted to be colonel of Engineers^, and 
the next year he was ordered to make 
the tour of Ireland and report respecting 
its defences. In 1803 he was again sent 
to the coasts of Kent and Sussex. In 
1804 he was appointed a brigadier-gen- 
erals, and Oct. 30, 1805, a major-general.* 
During this latter year he was directed 
to carry into execution the system of de- 
tached redoubts and towers, which gov- 
ernment had adopted for the defence of 
some of the sea coast, and which was 
finished about 1809. He was also one 
of the engineers sent to report how far 
the same system was applicable to the 
eastern coast. 3 He became colonel com- 
mandant of the Royal Engineers June 
24, 1809^; and in 18 10, after an active 
service of fifty years, he obtained leave to re- 
main unemployed and retired into the 
country. 3 He became a lieut. -general 
Jan. I, 1812, and a general May 27, 
1825.= His only child, Katharine Maria, 
wife of Walker Ferrand, Esq., died Feb. 
15, 1827, and Gen. Twiss survived her 
scarcely a month, as he died at Harden 
Grange, Yorkshire, on the 14th of March 
in that year, aged 82 years3, there being 
but one officer above him on the Royal 
Engineer List at the time of his death. 
['C. V. 313. ="8. H. 3E. R. 364. 
*?. E. 6. 5F, E. 50. «F. H. 26, 27. 
7F. H. 102. 8F. H. 108. 9K. R. 54, 
58, 84. '"C. W. 128.] 



172 Haddens Orderly Books. 



By Major General Phillips. 

B. O. June 6th. 

The General having directed Major General 
Phillips to take the Department of Artillery and 
Corps of Engineers under his command^ he is assured 
the utmost Harmony and good Disposition will 
subsist between the two Corps so very necessary 
for his Majesty's Service. Major Williams being 
Commanding Officer of the Detachment of 
Artillery, under Major General Phillips, will 
have the ordering all detail, and ordinary duties, 
and he will receive his orders from, and report 
to Major General Phillips on all occasions. 

Major Gordon ^' will make such arrangements 
in the Corps of Engineers as he shall see proper, 



ec. Harry Gordon of Knockespock, 
in the parish of Clatt, Aberdeenshire, 
came from an old Scotch family, that 
obtained from James IV, in 1508, a grant 
of the barony of Clatt, which was re- 
newed by J.imes VI, in 1604, "to his 
beloved James Gordoun of Knockes- 
poke."' The early British Army Lists 
do not mention the Engineer Corps, so it 
is impossible to state when Major Gor- 
don entered the Royal Engineers. In 
the Army List of 1756 he is down as a 
sub-engineer, which grade was equivalent 
to a lieutenant of Foot, but no date of 
commission is given. He became an 
engineer in ordinary and captain Jan 4, 
1758, and a major in the army July 23, 
1772.^ He was serving in Canada in 
Sept., 17763, and he had probably been 
Stationed there for several years prior 
thereto. A letter written from Quebec, to 
be found in the London Chronicle for Aug. 
7-9, 1777, says, ''Major Gordon, Chief 



Engineer, goes home, and is succeeded by 
Capt. Twiss of the same corps;" and 
the same piper for Aug. 5-7, 1777, 
under date of Aug. 6, says, " Col. Gor- 
don, lately arrived from Quebec, was 
presented to the King at St. James, and 
had the honour of a conference with 
his Majesty." He became a lieut. -col- 
onel in the army Aug. 29, 1777, and a 
sub-director of engineers and major in 
tliat corps Dec. 18, 1778. His last pro- 
motion was Nov. 20, 1780, when he 
was made a colonel commandant of En- 
gineers, or simply colonel, as that grade 
afterwards was known, and his name 
appears in the Army Lists for the last 
time in 1787.- He married a Phil- 
adelphia lady named Hannah Meredith, 
by whom he had four sons and two 
daughters, and one of his sons subsequently 
became a major-general in the army. 
His descendants still survive.' ['Q. 32a. 
^'B. H. 3F. E. 49.] 



HadderCs Orderly Books » 173 

and will be so good to order an Officer to receive 
orders from the Major of Brigade every Day. 

The Major General informs the Officers that in 
co?nmon detail Duties^ he means to adhere to a 
Roster, but m particular cases not ; as he shall 
always employ such Oncers, as he shall think most 
proper from Experience in the Service; and he 
makes no doubt but the young and newly ap- 
pointed Officers will use every means to make 
themselves intelligent in the service, and by 
activity, and a strict attention to their duty, 
render themselves useful and good Officers ; and 
he does assure them he shall study to give them 
every possible mark of regard and favour accord- 
ingly. 

The Major General relies on the Captains for 
the strictest attention to their Subalterns and 
men, that they will discourage all Ideas of dif- 
ficulty, and prepare them for a fatiguing cam- 
paign, which the Major General is assured will 
be entered upon with Zeal, and pursued with all 
manner of Activity, Subordination, and strict 
Discipline. 

By Major General Phillips. 
B. O. June jth. 

Second Lieutenant Collier '^^^ will act as Secre- 

ed. William Collier entered the He was appointed a 2d lieutenint in the 
Royal Military Academy at Woalwich, 3d Battalion of the Royal Artillery 
as a gentleman cadet, M>rch i, 1768. March 15, 1771 ; a ist lieutenant July 



174 Hadden's Orderly Books. 

tary to Major General Phillips during this Cam- 
paign, all Orders signified by him from the 
Major General are therefore to be obeyed. 

By Major General Phillips. 

B. O. June ^th. 

Major Gordon on completing two armed 
Boats, and having given such orders relating to 
the rest, as also with regard to the large Boat, 
SO' that the completing of the whole may go on 
under the direction of the Engineer who is left 
at Quebec, will set out as soon after as he pleases 
for the Army : he will direct Engineer Wade 
to take such plans, and make such inspection of 
the works at Quebec, as may be necessary to 
form a report for the General, of the present 
situation of the place, so that arrangements may 
be taken to put it into that state of defence as 
may be thought proper. 

Captain Jones will remain at Quebec taking 
upon him the command of the Garrison Artil- 
lery. 

German additional Gunners at Quebec are to 
receive 6<^perdayand non-commissioned Officers 
jd per day. 

7, 1779; a capt. -lieutenant Dec. 1, March i, 1794, he was made a major 

1782; and a captain March 16, 1791. in the army, and he died in Corsica July 

He served under Burgoyne, and was in- 21, 1796. [G. U.] ■ 
eluded in the Saratoga Convention. 



Haclden's Orderly Books. 175 

As all orders in detail go through Major 
Williams, he is to have an Officer constantly 
attached to him, who will receive Brigade 
Orders, and the Detachment will obey any 
orders delivered in Major Williams' name by 
this Officer during the Campaign, Major Williams 
will appoint who he pleases to this duty. 

By Sir Guy Carleton, 

General Orders. Three Rivers, yune loM, 1776. 

Lieutenant Twiss of the Engineers is appointed 
an Aid de Camp to Major General Phillips. 

General Officers appointed to serve in the 
Ar?tiy in Canada under the Command of his Ex- 
cellency Guy Carleton, General, Governor, &c. 

Lieutenant General Burgoyne, Majors Gene- 
ral Phillips and Reidesil ; Lieu'ts Colonels 
Nesbit, ^''^ Eraser, Powel and Gordon, are ap- 

ee. William Nesbit entered the Own, and on the i6th of the Following 

British military service April 20, 1751, April he exchanged into the 59th Foot, 

as an ensign in the •56th Foot. He was On the 21st of March, 1765, he again 

promoted to a lieutenancy in his regi exchanged, this time into the 47th Foot, 

ment Oct. 15, 1754, and to a captaincy This latter regiment was in America at 

in the 2d Battalion of the 31st Foot the beginning of the Revolutionary war, 

Sept. 2, 1756. This battalion was de- and for nearly a year prior thereto, and 

tached from the 31st in 1758 and re- took part in the battles of Lexington 

numbered as a separate organization, and Bunker Hill. In the order issued 

whereupon his regimental number be- by Gen. Gage two days after the latter 

came the 70th Foot. May I, 1760, he action thanking the troops for their 

became the major of his regiment, and gallantry, Lieut. -Col. Nesbit is men- 

on the 6th of the following February he tioned by name. The 47th was des- 

exchanged into the 69th Foot. Nov. patched to Quebec in the spring of 

24th, 1762, he was promoted to the 1776, and its iieut. colonel went with it. 

lieut. -colonelcy of the 4th or King's June 10, 1776, Lieut. -Col. Nesbit was 



176 Haddens Orderly Books, 

pointed to act as Brigadier Generals, till the 
King's pleasure is known. 



By Sir Guy Carleton. 
General Orders. June iiM, 1776. 

Ensign Freeman ^f of the 24th Regiment is 
appointed to act as Major of Brigade to the 



appointed to act as brigadier-general till 
the King's pleasure could be known, and 
was assigned to the First Brigade, com- 
posed of the 9th, 47th, and 31st regi- 
ments, to which, upon the death of 
Gen. Gordon, the 21st was added. 
During the following September, he 
was so seriously attacked with illness 
that, on the 15th of that month, Lieut. - 
Colonel Hamilton, of the zist, was ap- 
pointed to relieve him during his sick- 
ness ; and late in the succeeding Octo- 
ber, or the early part of November, he 
died. Some Americans have reflected 
severely upon Col. Nesbit's humanity. 
Col Irvine, in recounting his adven- 
tures after the battle of Three Rivers 
upon the retreat from Canada, when he 
and some of the other baffled Americans 
took to the woods to escape capture, 
wrote in his journal as follows : " Gen. 
Thompson, Bird and I then concluded 
it would be better to deliver ourselves up 
to British officers, than to run the risk of 
being murdered in the woods by the 
Canadians. Indeed, we were so ex- 
hausted as to be unable to march fur- 
ther; accordingly, we went up to a 
house where we saw a guard, and sur- 
rendered ourselves ' prisoners at discre- 
tion.' Colonel Nesbitt commanded here, 
by whom we were cruelly treated. His 
party marched hence for Trois Rivieres. 
A strong guard marched with the whole 
of the prisoners. General Thompson 



and I had the honor of being marched 
for six miles in the common crowd, 
without further distinction than being 
placed near the front. The command- 
ing officer would neither allow us horses 
or a carriage, though we requested it, 
and represented to him our miserable 
condition. Notwithstanding, we were 
hurried off in a few minutes, and pushed 
exceedingly fast for six miles, when we 
arrived at head-quarters. Generals Carle- 
ton and Burgoyne were both here, who 
treated us very politely. They ordered us 
refreshments immediately; indeed, Gene- 
ral Burgoyne served us himself." A writer 
of a letter from Boston, dated Dec. 5, 
1776, to be found in the American Ar- 
chives, 5th series, vol. 3, 1089, animad- 
verts upon " the noted Colonel Nesbit," 
in this manner : "His skill in military 
matters we are strangers to ; but this we 
can say of him, that he was master of 
the art of tarring and feathering, as he 
tried his hand on a poor countryman in 
this town some time before the Lexing- 
ton battle." [B. H : E. Z : D. M. 
200: F. E. 7, 38, 55 : F. X. 117.] 

ef. ^uin John Freeman began his 
military career as an ensign in the 24th 
Foot, July 7, 1775'. '^'^^ ne.yit year he 
accompanied his regiment to Canada, 
where, on June iith, he was appointed 
brigade major to Brig. Gen. Fraser's 
brigade''. In 1777, he participated in 



Haddens Orderly Books, 177 



Corps commanded by Brigadier General Fraser. 
Lieutenant Dacres of his Majesty's Ship Le 
Blonde is appointed an Assistant Quarter Master 
General. 

Lieutenant Thomas Story'-'/ of the 47th Regi- 
ment is appointed to act as Major of Brigade to 
Brigadier General Nesbit. 



Burgoyne's expedition and was embraced 
in the Cambridge parole. After Gen. 
Fraser' death he served on Gen. Ried- 
esel's staff, and that officer, in writing to 
Lord Sheiburne, in 1782, uses this lan- 
guage : '■ I have in my suite two Eng- 
lish officers — one in the capacity of an 
assistant, by the name of WiUoe, cap- 
tain of the 8th Regiment, and another. 
Lieutenant Freeman, my adjutant, ot the 
24th Regiment, who was formerly brig- 
adier major to Brigadier-General Frazer 
who fell October 7th, 1777, in the en- 
gagement near the school house. Both 
of these officers were detailed to me by 
Lord George Germaine by the orders of 
his majesty, the king of Great Britain. 
While the other generals have found 
means for doing something for their ad- 
jutants, 1 have been unable to do any- 
thing to show my gratitude to my two 
officers, who consequently, hold to this 
day the same rank as when I first had 
the pleasure of having them assigned to 
me. Both are officers of talent, and 
both are full of zeal for the service, and 
can be employed with profit, should an 
opportunity offer. I am convinced that 
it would be of the greatest advantage to 
them if they should be remembered by 
your excellency when a chance of pro- 
motion occurs ; and such a favor, on 
your part, would lay me under the 
greatest obligations, which I should en- 
deavor to reciprocate whenever an oppor- 
tunity offered."* Freeman became a 
lieutenant in his regiment Oct. 8, 1777, 

23 



and a captain Jan. 25, 1786; and he 
was promoted to be major of Lord Bel- 
vedere's Foot, the 93d, July 9th, 1794. 
There is some confusion in the Army 
Lists as to the date of his becoming a 
lieut. -colonel in the army, some giving 
it as Oct. 27, 1794, and others as 
March 10, 1795. ^^ became lieut. - 
colonel of the i 6th Foot Sept. i, 1795; 
Deputy Barrack-Master-General in 
Ireland, May 10, 1799, a position he 
held till 1822; colonel in the army 
Jan. 1, 1801; major-general April 25, 
1808; lieut. -general June 4, 181 3; 
and general July 22, 1830.' He died at 
Liverpool Dec. i, 1834, in the 80th 
year of his age, after a connection with 
the British army of nearly sixty years* 
['B. H. »F. E. 7. 3K. N. 137. ♦L. 
U. 144]. 

eg. Thomas Storey was commissioned 
a lieutenant in the 99th Foot April 29, 
1763 His regiment was reduced the 
same year, and he went upon half-pay, 
where he remained till June 6, 1770, 
when he was commissioned as a lieu- 
tenant in the 47th Foot, then in Ireland. 
He undoubtedly participated in the bat- 
tles of Lexington and Bunker Hill, and 
accompanied his regiment to Canada in 
1776. June II, 1776, he was ap- 
pointed brigade major to Brigadier Gen. 
Nesbit, who commanded the ?'irst Brigade, 
Lt.-Col. Hamilton succeeding to the brig- 
ade on Nesbit's death. He served through 
Burgoyne's campaign, and was included 



lyS Hadaen s Orderly Books. 



By Major General Phillips. 

Brigade Orders. Lake St. Peter s, i^th'June^ ^77^- 

The two Pieces of Cannon under Lieutenants 
Smith*''* and Yorke ^'' are to be put under the 
Command of Captain Mitchelson, who will go 
on with the Grenadiers and Light Infantry, and 
will act with them, taking his Orders from the 
Commanding Officer of the Troops, whoever he 
shall be on Landing. 



in that officer's surrender, his name ap- 
pearing on the Cambridge Parole. He 
became a captain April 6, 1778, and he 
exchanged into the 20th Foot April 1 , 
1780. At the peace of 1783, when 
the additional companies of the aoth 
were reduced, he went upon half-pay, 
but the next year he exchanged with 
Capt. William Culliford on to the active 
list of his regiment, his second commis- 
sion as captain in the 20th bearing date 
June 9, 1784. He appears for the last 
time on the Army Lists in 1794. [B. 
H.] 

eh. William F. Smith entered the 
Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, 
as a gentleman cadet, April l, 1768, ani 
was commissioned a 2d lieutenant in the 
Royal Artillery March 15, 1771. He 
served through Burgoyne's campaign; was 
wounded in the action of Oct. 7, 1777; 
was included in the Saratoga surrender 
and signed the Cambridge Parole. He 
became a ist lieutenant July 7, 1779; a 
capt. -lieutenant Feb. 28,1782; a captain 
May 24, 1790; and he commanded No. 
6 Company, 2d Battalion. His subse- 
quent commission* were major in the 
army March I, 1794; in the artillery 
April 25, 1796; lieutenant-colonel in 
the army Jan. i, 1798, in the artillery 



Jan. 8, 1799; and colonel in the artillery 
July 20, 1804. He died at Leith fort, 
July 23, 1806. [ B. H : G. U : C. Z. 
181 : G. V. 176.] 

ei. John H. York entered the Royal 
Military Academy at Woolwich, May i, 
1768, as a gentleman cadet; and March 
15, 1 77 1, he was commissioned as a 2d 
lieutenant in the ist Battalion of the 
Royal Artillery, which was stationed in 
America in 1772 and 1773. When he 
went to Canada is not known, but he 
was with Burgoyne in 1777, during the 
latter part of whose campaign he was 
attached to the left division of the artillery; 
and he was taken prisoner in the battle 
of Bemus' Heights, Oct. 7. He became 
a 1st lieutenant July 7, 1779; a capt.- 
lieutenant April 9, 1782; and a captain 
May 26, 1790, his being No. 3 Company, 
4th Battalion, now " 8 " Battery, 2d 
Brigade. He became a major in the 
army March i, 1794; a major in the 
artillery Dec. 9, 1796; a lieut. colonel 
in the army Jan i, 1798 ; a lieut. - 
colonel in the artillery July 16, 1799; 
and a colonel in the artillery July 20, 
1804. He was drowned on the coast of 
Brazil Nov. i, 1805. [G. U : B. H ; 
H. I. 10: C. Z. 257, 315.] 



Haddens Orderly Books, 179 

Two Ammunition Carts to be added t) those 
two Guns, that a greater proportion of Ammuni- 
tion may be carried with the Guns on Shore, the 
rest of the Ammunition and Stores are to be so 
loaded in the Boat or Boats, as to be got at with 
the greatest ease in order to supply the Guns on 
Shore without delay. 

Two Brigades to be formed immediately and 
to be ready for landing under Major Wil- 
liams, each Brigade to consist of four Six 
Pounders, the ist, Captain Carter and his Com- 
pany, the 2nd, Captain Walker and his Company. 
The rest of the Officers and men are to be 
so divided as to render the two Brigades equal. 
A Conductor of Stores to be appointed to each 
Brigade, — an Ammunition Cart with each Gun 
with its proper proportion of Ammunition and 
Stores for Action. 

The rest of the proportion of Ammunition 
and Stores to correspond as nearly as possible to 
that given by the Major General at Quebec. 
The Brigades to be divided, and Officers attached 
to each directly, so that when Guns are ordered 
to be separated from either of the Brigades, it 
may be instantly done, with the proper number 
of Officers and Men ; to do this, each Brigade 
must be divided and subdivided. 

A proportion of Entrenching Tools to be 
taken with each Brigade as it may be necessary 
to form Batteries on Shore. 



1 8o H add en's Orderly Books. 

One Long Boat filled with Entrenching Tools 
to attend the Landing of the Troops with a 
careful Conductor, who will deliver Tools in 
such quantities as may be demanded, taking down 
the names of the Officers who demand them, 
and the quantities delivered to each. 

The greatest precision is to be observed by the 
Officers in giving their Orders, the greatest Cool- 
ness and Subordination by the men in obeying 
them, and as the use of Artillery in action will 
depend on a clear arrangement and management 
of the Guns, and a strict attention of the men to 
their Officers, in order to which the most pro- 
found Silence is absolutely necessary ; Major 
General Phillips therefore orders the Officers to 
punish on the Spot during the time of Action 
any disobedience of these Orders. 

The Officers in the Field being separated, are 
to command according to Seniority, but are not 
to detach themselves from the Brigade to which 
they are posted by Major Williams according to 
this Order. 

Particular Instructions in the Field when 
landed, relative to the Nature of the ammunition 
to be employed at particular times, whether 
Round or Grape, the posting of Guns in par- 
ticular Situations, will fall under the Orders of 
Major Williams, the Captains Commanding 
Brigades, and the eldest Officers, as they may 
happen to be detached. 



HadderCs Orderly Books, i8i 

Major General Phillips relies on Major 
Williams, and the Detachments continuing that 
Zeal and good Conduct for which the Corps of 
Artillery have hitherto been so fortunately dis- 
tinguished. 

The utmost care to be taken that the Artillery 
do not uselessly fire away their Ammunition, 
nor even fire at all, but when some Object ap- 
pears to make it necessary. The great con- 
sequence of this Order will be evident from 
considering how difficult it will be to supply 
regularly the Ammunition on Shore. This 
Order particularly addressed to the young Officers, 
who are to take care not to fire their Guns too 
quick, and not without being well spunged and 
carefully pointed. 

Whenever it may be necessary to call for the 
assistance of the Infantry in deep roads or marshy 
grounds or in steep ascents or descents, appli- 
cation must be immediately made to the 
Brigadier General, if with the Brigade, or 
otherwise to the Commanding Officer ot the 
nearest Regiment, if the situation is so critical 
as to prevent an application to the Commanding 
Officer of the Troops on the spot. 

Whenever there is in General Orders anything 
relating to the delivery of Ammunition, Powder, 
Entrenching Tools &c. &c. to the Troops, the 



1 82 Haddens Orderly Books. 

Commanding Officer of Artillery will direct the 
Commissary to issue them without waiting for 
Brigade Orders from the Major General. 

G. O. Sorei, June i^th^ 1776. 

Parole— ^t. Paul. C. 5.— Varenne. 

The remainder of the first Brigade will land 
at Sorel as soon as the weather will permit : 
Brigadier General Nesbitt will follow the rear 
of the Rebels with the Light Infantry, Grena- 
diers, and Canadians of his Brigade as far as 
St. Denis, where he will take post till further 
Orders. 

Brigadier General Nesbitt will take fourteen 
Days provisions and the Camp Equipage for all 
his Corps. 

If the Weather or any other circumstances 
occasion delay in collecting the Boats with 
Provisions and Camp Equipage, Brigadier Nes- 
bitt will march without it, and leave a proper 
Officer and Detachment to bring it after him 
with all possible expedition. A Detachment of 
the Royal Regiment of Artillery, with two 
Field Pieces, will march with Brigadier Nesbitt 
in his Service. 

The Surgeons, Apothecaries, and Mates of 
the general Plospital on board the diffisrent 



H add en's Orderly Books. 183 

Transports to immediately repair on board the 
Monimia Transport to receive Orders. 

G. O. Off St. Suipice, June \tth, 1776. 

Parole — St. Simon. C. S. — Bie. 

The 29th Regiment is to disembark im- 
mediately on the North Shore with Provisions 
to the 20th Instant inclusive, and they are to 
march forthwith to take possession of Montreal, 
at which place they are to wait for further 
Orders. 

The rest of the British, and the Troops of 
Brunswick and Hanau are to disembark im- 
mediately on the South Shore with Provisions 
likewise to the 20th inclusive, and they are to 
assemble with all expedition near the Church of 
Vercheres which is opposite the headmost Ships. 

The Brigade of Artillery as ordered yesterday 
by Major General Phillips is to disembark with 
these last Troops, to be provided in the like 
manner, and to assemble as fast as possible at the 
same place. 

By Major General Phillips. 

G. O. Verchere, i6th June^ ^77^- 

Parole — Carleton. C. S. Canada. 

An Officer of each Corps to attend during 
the Night with the Captain of Militia in the 



184- Hadden's Orderly Books. 

Town the arrival of the Troops, which are 
immediately to be cantoned in the Neighbour- 
ing Houses and Barns, and to be in readiness to 
march early in the Morning : the strictest Disci- 
pline to be observed. 

A Subaltern's Guard of Twenty four Men to 
form the Guard now mounted on the great 
Road towards Varenne, this Guard to make 
frequent Patroles, at least half a Mile towards 
Varenne and to be extremely vigilant. 

A Subaltern and 30 Men to mount near the 
Church who will give Centinels to Brigadier 
General Powel, and the Field Officers : Patroles 
are to go continually from this Guard about the 
Village, and not to suffisr any Soldier to straggle 
out of their Quarters, it will likewise patrole as 
far as the advanced Guard. 

In case of an Alarm or when the Troops are 
ordered to assemble, it is to be on the grand 
Road near the Church. 

The Artillery will mount the Guard already 
ordered. 

G. O. VercherreSy ijth June, 1776. 

Parole — Quebec. C. S. — Britain. 

The Corps to march this morning. 

The advanced Guard consisting of two Com- 
panies of the 20th, and three of the 24th, with 



Hadden's Orderly Books. 185 

two Six Pounders to proceed to Boucherville 
under the Orders of Major Carleton, who will 
receive Orders from, and report to Major Gen- 
eral Phillips. 

Brigadier General Powell with the Grenadiers 
of the 24th, and three Companies of the 21st, and 
the 53rd Regiment to march to Varenne and 
Canton there. 

The Quarters to be formed close together, so 
that the Men may be able to assemble on the 
shortest notice at the alarm Posts, which will be 
fixed at Varenne : A Piquet of 2 Subalterns and 
36 Men to be posted towards the Woods looking 
on Chamble. The Piquet will advance 400 
Yards, two small Piquets as Posts of Intelligence, 
and will make frequent and strong Patroles in the 
Front, and on their Flanks. 

A Piquet of a Captain, two Subalterns, and 50 
Men, is to form as near the alarm Post as possible and 
to make frequent Patroles about Varenne, towards 
the advanced Subaltern's Piquet and also on the 
road for a Mile or two towards Boucherville. 

The 21st Regiment will take this Duty. 

A Return of the Provisions is to be given in, 
and what is not cooked to be done to-day. 

The Men are to clean and oil their Feet and 
Shoes, and take every means to refresh, and 

24 



i86 HadderCs Orderly Books, 

be prepared for long Marches. Should any of 
the Men be left behind, they are to be sent for 
up to night to Varennes. 

The 24th Grenadiers to mount Guard on the 
General at 2 o'Clock. 



General after Orders. i o'Clock. 

The Piquets not to assemble till 5 o'Clock. 
His Excellency General Carleton will then be 
here and will give his Orders. 



After Orders. Varrennes, 6 d Clock. 

The Corps which arrived here this Day to 
march tomorrow morning at 4 o'Clock, to as- 
semble at \ past 3. Brigadier General Powell 
will march towards Longueil where further 
Orders will be given. 

The advanced Guard under Major Carleton to 
march tomorrow morning at 5 o'Clock to Lon- 
gueil : It is to take up its Cantonments at the 
extreme part of Longueil towards La Prairie 
where it may refresh, but to be prepared to renew 
the March at the shortest notice : Major Carle- 
ton will send a Report to meet the March of 
Brigadier General Powell. 



Hadden's Orderly Books, 187 

G. O. 

Farennes, 18M Juney 1776. 5 H. A. M. 

When Brigadier General Powel arrives at 
Longueil he will canton the 21st Regiment, to 
take up their Quarters among the Houses and 
Barns on that side of Longueil which leads to 
Chamble, and this Regiment will give a Cap- 
tain, 2 Subalterns and 50 Men for the General's 
Guard, which will afterwards form the Piquet 
or Piquets for the night. 

The Artillery, the 24.th Grenadiers, and the 
53rd Regiment to be quartered as near together 
as possible in the Centre of Longueil, An 
Officer to be sent forward to arrange the Canton- 
ment, who will mark Houses for the Head 
Quarters, the Majors General, and the Brigadier 
General. 

Major Carleton and the advanced Guard will 
be posted in that Quarter of Longueil towards la 
Prairie. The whole to be prepared to march at 
5 o'clock this Evening, but not to assemble till 
further Orders. 

Longueil ^ i past 8. 

A Return to be given in directly of the num- 
ber of Carriages that will be necessary for the 
Baggage, and the sick Men of each Corps, also 
what Calashes will be wanted, including the 



1 88 Hadden^s Orderly Books, 

Commanding Officers of Corps, and such other 
Officers as may be unable to march by Lameness 
or Sickness, The Artillery to make a Return of 
what Horses they will want. 

Should there be a few men of each Corps 
unable to march quick from being very much 
foot sore, they may compose the Baggage Guard. 

The Arms and Ammunition to be inspected 
into, and put into complete Order this Afternoon. 



G. O. Longueil, i^th June, ijj6, 5 clock P. M. 
Parole — St. Matthew. C. »S.— Montreal. 

Brigadier General Powel with the Troops 
under his Orders will march tomorrow morning 
to La Prairie where further Orders will be 
given. 

The whole to assemble at i past 3 o'Clock and 
march as soon after as possible. 

Horses for the Artillery, Charettes for the 
Baggage, and Calashes, as many as can be got, 
will be at the Church tomorrow Morning at 3 
o'clock: Any man absolutely incapable of 
marching, may remain here under the care of a 
Non Commissioned Officer — a Return of such 
men to be made to Major General Phillips at 
la Prairie. 



Haddens Orderly Books. 189 

The Grenadiers to lead, then the Artillery, 
followed by the 21st and 53rd Regiments. 

A Piquet of One Subaltern, and 20 Men from 
the Guard to be advanced at Sun set a small 
distance in the front of the Quarters of the 
Grenadiers. This Piquet to keep continual 
Patroles in their Front during the Night. An 
House or Barn to be found to lodge this Piquet in. 

The advanced Guard is to continue accoutred, 
and ready to be under Arms at the least notice 
or Alarm. A strong Piquet is to be posted 
towards the Road of St. John, and small Parties 
of intelligence posted forward not exceeding 
two Miles ; the utmost attention taken to avoid 
Surprize. A great party of Canadians will join 
Major Carleton this Evening to assist in making 
Roads, and repairing Bridges, the utmost dili- 
gence to be used, and if possible, the Work to 
be continued all Night. The Canadians about 
la Prairie are to be employed on the Roads 
forward at a distance : These Canadians are to 
be obliged to work, and are not to have any 
covering Party, but still it is to be insisted on 
that the most vigorous exertion is to be used : 
Should any Indians of the Saut de St. Louis 
arrive to offer their Services, they are to be 
ordered to return to their Villages and remain 
there ; and should any of the Indians, who have 
gone to the Rebels yesterday or have favoured 



190 HadderCs Orderly Books, 

the Rebels, and are not returned to their Vil- 
lages, are to be ordered to return, and remain, on 
pain of being treated as Rebels. Any material 
Intelligence to be forwarded directly. 



^' O. La Prairie, 20 June, ^77^' 

Parole—St Luc. C. 6'.— Ostend. 

The British Troops shall take up the follow- 
ing Cantonments as soon as conveniently they 
can. 

Brigadier Frazer's Corps to relieve the Guard 
at St. Johns, and to be cantoned on the two 
Roads leading to that Post as follows. 

The Grenadiers next St. Johns, and the 24th 
in their rear on the Road from Chamblee. The 
Light Infantry in the road from La Prairie. 

Gordon's Brigade except the 29th shall can- 
ton in the rear of the Light Infantry on the 
same road. 

Nesbitt's Brigade shall canton in the rear of 
the 24th Regiment at Chamblee, and Powell's 
Brigade in the rear of Nesbitt's at Belloiel. 

Major General Phillips will give Orders con- 
cerning the Artillery, which will occupy St. 
Charles on the Sorell. 

The Brigadiers will canton their Brigades, 
attending to the convenience of the Troops, 



Had den's Orderly Books. 191 

giving place to those next St. John's, and at the 
same time so as to be ready to support each 
other, should any Attack be made by the Rebels. 

Bread for four Days will be delivered to the 
Troops this Evening and to-morrow morning to 
the 24th Inclusive, — they will apply to Mr. 
Wier Commissary near the Church at La 
Prairie : Every Regiment may receive at the 
same time six Oxen from Biscerne, Captain of 
the Militia, which they will kill, and dis- 
tribute to the Troops agreeable to the regulation 
of the Ration ; exact Accounts to be kept of the 
fresh Meat received and delivered. 

Every Regiment and the Corps of Artillery is 
to send its general Return to the Deputy Adju- 
tant General as soon as possible. 

G. O. Montreal^ 22nd June, ijj6. 

Parole— ^i. Luc. C. 5'. - Sorell. 

G. O. Montreal, 2'7^rd June, 1776. 

P^ro/^— St. Mark. C. 5.— Hesse. 

Those Regiments who have not already got 
up their Camp Equipage, will send for it as soon 
as possible, as most of the Transports are to drop 
down the River, and soon return to Europe. 
It is recommended to the officers to deposit their 
heavy Baggage at Montreal, Quebec, or Sorell. 



192 Hadden's Orderly Books, 

It is the Commander in Chief's express Orders 
that the Monthly Returns of the first of June 
be given in immediately by the British Regi- 
ments and Artillery to the Deputy Adjutant 
General, and also that they do prepare, and 
make their returns of the ist of July to be given 
in on that Day. 



G. O. Montreal, i^th'June, ij'j6. 

Parole— ^i. Philip. C. ^.— Beck. 

All the Surgeons of the different Regiments, 
to collect the sick of their respective Corps, and 
make out a state of their Cases, that such as 
stand in need of it, may be sent to the general 
Hospital at Montreal. 

All men sent to the general Hospital to be 
sent with their Arms, and necessaries, the Clerks 
of the Hospitals granting a receipt to the Regi- 
ments for the same : The Regiments are to pay 
into the general Hospital the Men's Pay, a 
certain sum excepted, which is to be left to 
furnish them with necessaries, which sum is to 
be hereafter regulated by the Commander in 
Chief. 

Any non-commissioned Officer or Soldier 
detected in trafficking with the Indians in Rum, 
or anything else is to be punished in the severest 
manner. 



Madden'' s Orderly Books. 193 

Brigade Orders. 2^thyune, ijj6. 

A Return is immediately to be made out and 
transmitted to Major General Phillips of such 
men as have not had the Small Pox, and the 
Surgeon of the Detachment is to be ordered to 
prepare them, to prevent as much as possible the 
ill consequences that may attend their catching 
it in the natural way. 

The clothing of such men as have not been 
properly fitted, are to be immediately completed, 
and the Detachment is to be furnished with 
such necessaries, as they may stand in want of, 
in order that they may appear perfectly clean, 
and dressed in a Soldier-like manner to which 
particular attention must be had. 

G. O. Montreal, i^th June, ijj(). 

Parole — St. Andrews. C. S. — Bristol. 

Mr. Landrief is appointed Inspector of the 
Batteaux at Montreal, and is to assist the Com- 
missary General in transporting Forage and 
Provision to the upper Country. All applica- 
tions for Batteaux at Montreal to be made to 
Mr. Landrief, and none to be taken without his 
permission. 

No officers on any pretence whatever to ask 
for, or take any Cart or Calash without paying 
for them : Any Officer or Non-commissioned 

25 



194 Hadden's Orderly Books. 

Officer detected in taking any, exclusive of pay- 
ing the price, which is one Shilling pr. League 
will be punished. 

G. 0. Chamblee, 2jthjune^ ^77^- 

Parole — St. Samuel. C. S. — Bruges, 

The ten British Regiments to furnish two 
Tents each for the use of the Light Infantry and 
Grenadiers of the 47th Regiment, which are to 
be sent to them as soon as possible. 

G. O. Chambiee, i%th 'June, 177^. 

Parole — St. Paul. C. S. — Newport. 

The causes of the deficiency of a Market, as 
alleged by the People of the Country are, that 
the Articles which they would have been in- 
clined to bring to public Sale, have been taken 
from them in their Houses : that Women in 
Canoes have been insulted, and discountenanced 
by Men bathing, with other irregularities which 
have discouraged this useful Plan. 

It is therefore Ordered, that no Person bring- 
ing Refreshments to Market be stopped, or their 
Articles interrupted on any pretence whatever. 

That the Market be held at the Church at 
Chamblee, and be open Monday, Wednesday 
and Friday from the Hours of Six to Nine in the 



Hadden's Orderly Books, 195 

morning. An officer's Guard to be mounted for 
the protection and regularity of the Market, and 
Patroles from the Bridge to be extended to One 
Mile distance to each Flank, and to the rear of 
their Cantonment to prevent Molestation or 
Forestalling. 

The Men of each Regiment who are willing to 
bathe (in which practice they should be en- 
couraged as highly beneficial to health) are to be 
assembled at a certain hour every Morning and 
Evening, un.lerthe inspection of a Commissioned 
or a Non-Commissioned Officer, and not allowed 
more than half an hour for that purpose, and no 
Man to bathe at any other time of the Day. 

An Officer and Serjeant per Brigade to attend 
as Orderly at Head Quarters, to carry all Orders 
to the different Brigades. 

G. O. Chambleey 2()th yune^ ^77^y Saturday. 

Parole — Matthew. C. S. — Crown Point. 

It being necessary for the distribution of Pro- 
visions to the Army, that assistance be given to 
the Commissary General, 

The General directs there be appointed to each 
Brigade of the Army one under Assistant Com- 
missary, who will remain always attached to the 
Brigade for the receipt and delivery of Provis- 



196 Haddens Orderly Books. 

ions, as also, when such Brigade may be far 
distant from the general Magazine, for providing 
Provisions for it. 

This under Assistant Commissary to be sub- 
ject to all Instructions from the Commissary 
General, the Deputies and Assistants, and is also 
to receive Orders for the security of Provisions 
on particular occasions from the Brigadiers 
General of the Brigade to which he is attached. 
This appointment to be allowed five Shillings 
per day, during its continuance, and the General 
allows the Brigadier General to recommend an 
Officer of each Brigade for this Service, taking 
care that he be Active and Intelligent, and as a 
further Assistance to the Army in this particular, 
the General directs that a very careful, sober, 
active, honest Non-commissioned Officer be 
recommended from each Regiment, who is to 
act as a distributor of the Provisions to his re- 
spective Regiment. 

He is to be immediately subordinate to the 
under Assistant Commissary of the Brigade in 
which his Regiment is, and to be answerable to 
him for all provisions received, and all delivered to 
the Regiment: He is to keep a most exact Account 
of the Rations, with the weight of each par- 
ticular Species, which Account he is to deliver 
in on the 24th of each Month to the under 
Assistant Commissary, to be laid before the Com- 



Hadde?i's Orderly Books. 197 

missary General, and it is to be certified by the 
Non-commissioned Officers so appointed upon 
Oath. One Shilling and Sixpence per diem is to 
be allowed to these Non-commissioned Officers. 

A Return to be given in immediately, what 
Artificers are to be had from every Regiment, 
noting the different branches of Masons, Smiths, 
Carpenters, Wheelwrights, and, particularly. Saw- 
yers. 

No Officers or others are to make demands for 
Horses or Carriages, but by an Order from 
Brigadiers General, and the Country is on no 
account to be distress'd, as the Service will suffer 
from it : All carriages to be suffered to return 
home after the Service is performed, and are not 
to be stopped on the way : One hundred men to 
be ordered from the Parishes of Contrecoeur and 
Vercherres to work on the Roads between St, 
'John s and Chamblee : They will be furnished 
with Provisions, and relieved every fortnight. 

The Regiments to be under Arms in their 
several Cantonments for two hours, and no more 
in the cool of every Morning to prepare them- 
selves for active Service : No Exercise need be 
practised, except Loading, Levelling, charging 
with Bayonets, and marching, in which it is 
meant to comprehend changing front by Divis- 
ions, and by Files ; suffering the Regiment to 
break and form upon one given point, either by 



198 HadderCs Orderly Books. 

a file from Right, Left or Centre : The Order of 
forming is to be at two deep, and the Files 18 
Inches asunder. 

All Parades of the Regiments to be with 
Arms : The men not to be kept more than one 
hour at an Evening Parade. 

A weekly State from each Brigade to be given 
in every Monday, beginning next Monday 
Se'night : The form to be taken from the Ad- 
jutant General. 



Chamblee 












1 


June, 1776. 




Rank 


and File. 






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Alterations in 


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Officers since 




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:-• 


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last Return. 




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39th 
















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G. O. Chamblee, 30M yune, 1776. 

Parole—Si. Mark. C. ^S. — Isle aux Noix. 

Mr. Rousseaux ^J is appointed 'Quarter Master 
to the Commander in Chief at Head Quarters, 
and is to be obeyed as such. 



ej. Assistant Commissary J.Rousseau was exchanged Sept. 3, 1781. 
was included in the Saratoga Convention 64.] 
and signed the Cambridge Parole. He 



[K.J. 



Haddens Orderly Books, 199 

G. O. Chamblie^ \st 'July, 1776. 

Parole— ^\.. Luke. C. 5.— Sorel. 

A List of all the Volunteers in the Army is 
immediately to be given in to the General, speci- 
fying the Regiments to which they respectively 
belong. 

Such Regiments as have not given in a list of 
their Artificers to give it in without delay. The 
Brigades to be more attentive in sending their 
Orderly Officers to Head Quarters. 

Brigadier Powel's Brigade to send an Orderly 
Officer to Head Quarters to receive 4 days' 
Orders, viz't from the 27th of June to the ist of 

July- 

By Major General Phillips. 
Brigade Orders. Chamblee, \st July, ^77^- 

Captain Carter's Company with either 
Captain Walker's or Captain Borthwick's 
Company (whichever is the strongest of the 
two) are to march immediately to Cham- 
blee, and encamp upon the ground which is 
marked out for them near the Fort. Their 
Baggage, Tents, Camp Equipage, four Light Six 
Pounders, with their Stores, and as many rounds 
as two small Ammunition Carts can carry are to 
accompany them, and are to be conveyed in five 



200 Haddens Orderly Books, 

Batteaux, which are sent for that purpose : If 
there is any overplus it must be sent by Land, 
hiring Horses and Carriages at the usual Rate. 

One of the remaining Companies is to con- 
tinue at St. Charles with the rest of the Stores 
till further Orders : The other is to canton as 
near the Artillery Transports at Santour as possi- 
ble in order to assist and direct the disembarka- 
tion of the Stores from the Ships agreeable to 
such Orders as they may receive from time to 
time, which Stores are to be embarked in Boats, 
and transported up the River either by towing or 
otherwise. 

The Howitzers (both 8 Inch and Royal) with 
the Heavy and Medium 12 Pounders, and the 
Shells and Shot belonging to them are to be dis- 
embarked and sent up to Chamblee, as soon as 
possible after the arrival of the Company at Sant- 
our : Such Batteaux or Boats as may be wanted 
exclusive of the Gondola (which will be sent 
down as soon as she is unloaded) and the Boats 
belonging to the Artillery Transports are to be 
applied for to the Commanding Officer of the 
Navy at Sorel or the Agent of the Transports. 
Those Ships that draw most Water are to be first 
unloaded in preference to the others, where the 
nature of the Stores demanded will allow of it. 

Articles which are to be ordered to Chamblee 
by the first conveyance. 



Haddens Orderly Books, 201 

A Field Officer's Tent and Marquee for Major 
Gordon. 

Six Officer's Do. complete. 

The Engineer's Instruments from the Devon- 
shire. 

A Box of Stationery from the same Ship or 
Charming Nancy. 

G. O. Chamblee, 2nd yuly, 1776. 

Parole — St. John. C* S. — Three Rivers. 

G. O. Chamblie, -^rd'July^ ^77^- 

Parole — St. Augustine. C. S. — La Prairie. 

Four Companies of the 29th Regiment are to 
remain at Montreal : The Officers and Men to 
be quartered in the Barracks : The other four 
* Companies of that Regiment to March and 
Quarter at La Chene : They will take their 
Camp Equipage with them, that they may en- 
camp when their Cantonments become disa- 
greeable. 

The Recruits of the 8th will canton above the 
29th Regiment on the Road leading up the 
River : and Sir John Johnston's Regiment higher 
up than the 8th. Lieutenant Colonel Sir John 
Johnston ^^' will command the Cantonments. 

tk. Sir John Johnson, Bart., was the at his father's residence on the Mohawk, 
only son of Sir William Johnson, by his in the state of New York, Nov. jth, 
wife Catherine Wisenberg; and wag born 1742. He was educated in England, 

26 



202 Haddens Orderly Books. 

Major French ^^ will command at Montreal 
till further Orders : he will make strict enquiry 
into the conduct of all strangers : attention should 
also be paid to the Conduct of certain Persons 
residing there, well known to all the creditable 
Inhabitants of the Town to be little better than 
Traitors to the King. 

and while on a visit to the mother terrible suffering in the woods through 
country Nov. 22, 1765, was knighted which they travelled. Sir John now 
by George III. in his father's lifetime as became a pronounced tory of the most 
a mark of favor to the father.' He was bitter type. Lady Johnson was removed 
married to Mary Watts, daughter of the to Albany and detained as a kind of 
Hon. Jolin Watts of his Majesty's Coun hostage for the peaceable conduct of her 
cil, June 30, 1773, and on the death of husband, but she nevertheless gave much 
his father, Sir William Johnson, July information to him, and to the tories, 
nth of the next year, he succeeded to both in New York and Canada, so that 
Johnson Hall and large landed estates in the Albany Council ordered her removal 
the neighborhood, in Tryon county, about from that part of the country. She 
twenty-four miles from Schenectady, on finally made her escape to New York 
the Mohawk River. He likewise sue- and joined her husband in Canada. 3 
ceeded his father as major-general in the Arrived in Canada Sir John was at 
militia of New York, his appointment once appointed a colonel in the British 
bearing date in November of that year.^ service, and actively set about raising an 
His family was so prominent, and his organization of loyalists, who either had 
influence was so great, that, upon the accompanied him from New York, or 
beginningof hostilities with Great Britain, who soon followed him. This corps was 
so much solicitude was felt as to his course, divided into two battalions, and was 
a watch was set upon him, and pledges known as the Royal Regiment of New 
exacted for his pacific conduct. It was York, and as the Queen's Loyal Ameri- 
only natural that a family that had re- cans: it was, likewise, popularly known as 
ceived so much from the crown should Johnson's Royal Greens, and it acquired a 
favor the royal cause, and Sir John most unenviable notoriety in the Mohawk 
was viewed with suspicion from the first, valley on account of its barbarity. Sir 
and all his movements were construed as John, with his regiment, formed part of 
inimical to the popular cause. Accord- St. Leger's expedition in 1777% and the 
ingly in May, 1776. sieps were taken to inglorious repulse of the British before 
apprehend him, but he received timely Fort Schuyler (or Stanwix) and their sub- 
notice of the preparations being made, sequent return, not to say flight, to 
and hastily packing up a few of his Canada, did not tend to diminish Sir 
effects, and summoning a number of his John's bitterness towards his neighbours 
tenants and neighbors who sympathized of the Mohawk valley that espoused the 
with him, he escaped with them to popular cause. Sir John's corps formed 
Canada, after enduring nineteen days a part of the force which in the latter 
el. See Appendix 19. 



Hadderi's Orderly Books. 203 

He will order to be confined all Persons whose 
behaviour may require it : and Reports are to be 
made of all extraordinaries to Head Quarters. 

All the Carpenters and Sawyers, and one good 
Smith from each Regiment, except Brigadier 
Frazer's Corps, to be sent to Chamblee so as to 
arrive on the 5th Instant. A Proportion of 



part of Sept., 1777, was sent under Gen. 
Maclean to the relief of Ticonderoga 
when menaced by an American force. 
Sir John's corps was to have proceeded 
southward and effected a junction with 
Burgoyne, but the toils of adversity so 
quickly tightened round the latter officer, 
that Sir John's force did not get beyond 
Ticonderoga, where it remained until 
that fort was abandoned, when it re- 
turned to Canada.* 

In i78o,Sir John made a predatory in- 
cursion into his native villey which he 
ravaged with fire and sworH ; and the 
Indians, that accompanied him, spared 
neither age nor sex. Sir John having 
been defeated at Fox's Mills, was forced 
to abandon his spoils, and to retreat in 
haste, though Sir Frederick Haldimand, 
the Governor General of Canada, in his 
official report to Lord George Germaine of 
this affair, says — "1 cannot finish without 
expressing to your Lordship the perfect 
satisfaction which I have from the zeal, 
spirit and activity with which Sir John 
Johnson has conducted this arduous en- 
terprise." 5 

On the 14th of March, 1782, Sir John 
was appointed "Commissioner, Superin- 
tendent General and Inspector General 
of the Six Nations of Indians and their 
Confederates, and of all the Indian Nations 
inhabiting the Province of Quebecand the 
Frontiers, '* a position he held a number 
of years, though the name of the office 
was afterwards abbreviated to " Inspector 



General and Superintendent General of 
Indian Affairs throughout America."' 
October 21st of the same year he was 
appointed a brigadier-general of provin- 
cial troops, and Capt. Scott of the 53d 
Regt., was made his major of brigade.* 
Sir John was included in the New York 
Act of Attainder, and all his estates were 
confiscated. At the close of the Revo- 
lution he settled in Canada, where he 
received grants of land from the crown, 
and where in addition to other offices held 
by him he was colonel of the six battalions 
of the militia of the eastern townships 
of Lower Canada, and a member of the 
Legislative Council.' 

Stone, in an appendix o his Life of Sir 
William Johnson, vol. 2, 529, says that 
Sir John was the last provincial grand- 
master for the upper district of the colony 
of New York. 

The following is extracted from a very 
interesting paper upon Sir John Johnson 
in the American Historical Record for 
August, 1874. from the pen of William C. 
Bryant. " The Baronet during his long 
and busy life, had no permanent and 
fixed abode, but resided at different 
points in Canada, at Montreal, Lachine, 
Kingston, &c. It was his custom to 
spend the hot months at his shooting- 
box, or country house, located at a spot 
called Mount Johnson, on a large tract 
known as the Seignory of Monnoir, in the 
county of Iberville, and which had been 
granted him by the British government. 



204 Hadden's Orderly Books, 



Tents &c to be sent equal to the number of men, 
and each Regiment is to send a careful Serjeant 
to take charge of the Men. 

These Soldiers, working as Artificers, are to 
have one Shilling British a day, and to be allowed 
Grog with their Provisions. The Serjeant from 
each Regiment to be allowed one Shilling and 



He possessed also a small countiy 

seat at Twickenham, near London, Eng- 
land, which he made his residence dur- 
ing his frequent and protracted visits to 
the old country. Not a vestige now re- 
mains of Sir John's residence at Mount 
Johnson, the estate, which was sacrificed 
for a quarter of its real value, having 
passed out of the family in 1827. His 
hospitality was proverbial. In fact the 
financial embarrassments which clouded 
his later years, and wrecked his fortune 
at last, were mainly due to his princely 
and prodigal manner of living, and the 
sacrifices he made to place his children, 
as they arrived at maturity, in positions 

of comparative independence Sir 

John died at the residence of his daugh- 
ter, Mrs. Bowers, in the city of Mont- 
real, January 4, 1830. His funeral was 
attended by a larger concourse of people 
of all classes than ever assembled in the 
Canaclas to pay respect to the memory of 
an eminent citizen. His remains were 
deposited in the family vault at Mount 
Johnson, and on one of the stones, over 
the entrance, is the simple inscription : 
•To the Memory of Sir John Johnson, 
who died on the 4th January, 1830, in 
the 89th year of his age.' 

" His family consisting of eight sons 
and three daughters, are all deceased. 
The last, an unmarried daughter, died at 
Montreal on the ist day of January, 
1868. Of the sons seven were in the 
British army, and one, the father of the 
pre3«nt baronet, served a short time in the 



Britisl^i navy. Sir John was an old man 
at the period of the last war with Eng- 
land, but it is somewhat singular that 
none of his sons were engaged in that 
struggle." 

In the historical introduction to the 
Orderly Book of Sir John Johnson, 
[Munsell's Historical Series, No. 11,] 
the trenchant pen of General J. Watts 
de Peyster has given a vigorous and 
elaborate defence of the conduct and 
character of Sir John. This was a 
veritable labor of love with General de 
Peyster, who was connected by family 
ties with Sir John Johnson, and a 
number of whose kinsmen, moreover, 
served as officers under the crown during 
our Revolutionary struggle. While not 
sharing General de Peyster's views to 
any considerable extent as to Sir John 
Johnson in particular, yet it does seem, 
in regard to loyalists in general, during 
the war for independence, that as undue 
violence is the invariable accompaniment 
of all rebellions, so that of our forefathers 
was no exception to the general rule; 
and though the bitterness of a family 
quarrel characterized both sides alike, 
yet the acts of attainder and confiscation 
with which our patriotic ancestors drove 
their relatives and former friends and 
neighbors into exile and poverty for a no 
more heinous offence than adhering to a 
government under which they had all 
grown up together, even if some of its 
acts were utterly unjustifiable, — were 
harsh to a degree far beyond the necessi- 



Haddens Orderly Books. 205 

three Pence per diem. These Detachments are 
to assemble at the Camp of Artillery at Cham- 
blee where Orders will be given to them. 

The Brigades may use Cartridges for Exercise, 
but the Ball is to be most carefully preserved 
except twenty for each Recruit, and ten for every 
other Soldier of each Regiment, which may be 
expended for firing at marks, or otherwise, at the 
orders of the Brigadier General. 

A Return to be given in from each Regiment 
to Major General Phillips on Saturday next of 
the number of Ball in Store, that Powder, Paper 
and Twine may be ordered for the Regiments to 
make into Cartridges. 

The Brigades will take care to preserve eight- 
een Rounds for Service. 

Lieutenant Harrington ^'" of the 20th Regi- 
ment is appointed Assistant Quarter Master Gen- 
tles of the case. The riper experiences those who were irj their day, as we 
of our country in our own day have think, a too law abiding people; — an 
doubtless tended to somewhat mollify unjust law being a form of oppression to 
former asperities of judgment, and to con- which a refusal to submit is justifiable 
vince many holding widely different in theory, though very difficult to put 
views, that mere difference of opinion, into practice. ['G. R. 573-593: G. S. 
however sturdily upheld, after having 641, ct f>ost : G. A. 41. 'W. 160: 
been submitted to, and settled by, the K. V. 577-582. 3E. 50: F. 818-830 : 
final arbitrament of the sword, was no H. 447, 641-648, 913. ■♦F. C. 24. 
adequate justification for wholesale pro- 5H. O. 25. *H. U. 'K. P ^F. E. 
scription and enforced banishment and 207. 'I. F. 91.] 
confiscation. It seems, likewise, as if 

the great majority of American writers, em. Henry Harrington entered the 

content with contemplating the actors British service Oct. 15, 1759, as an en- 

in our great initial struggle on their own sign in the 5th Foot, then in Germany, 

side alone, have meted out but scanty He was promoted to be a lieutenant 

justice to the motives and conduct of April 2, 1762; but at the peace of 



2o6 HadderCs Orderly Books, 



eral, and is to be obeyed as such. Captain 
Alexander Scott <^^^ of the 53d Regiment is ap- 
pointed Assistant Commissary to Brigadier Gen- 
eral Powell's Brigade. 

By Major General Phillips. 

Brigade Orders. Chamblee^ \th "July, 1776. 

First Lieutenant Dunbar ^^ is immediately to 
proceed down the River Sorel, and to inform 



1763, when the additional companies 
of his regiment were reduced, he went 
upon half-pay, and so remained till Jan. 
21, 1772, when he was commissioned a 
lieutenant in the 20th Foot', which 
regiment he accompanied to Canada in 
the spring of 1776 He was appointed 
an assistant quaster-master-general July 
3, 1776, and in this capacity he seems 
to have acted through that year, as well 
as the following year on Burgoyne's ex- 
pedition.- He became a captain in the 
62d Foot March 28, 1777, and his name 
appears in the Army Lists for the last 
time in 1786.' ['B. H. ^E. Z.] 

en. Alexander Scott belonged to the 
family of Scott of Logie. He was a 
lineal descendant in the seventh genera- 
tion, of Sir James Scott, Knt., of 
Balweiry, and was the eldest son of John 
Scott, by his wife, Margaret Wood. 
The date of his birth we cannot fix, but 
his next younger brother, William Scott, 
was born June 23, 1736. Alexander 
entered the British service as an ensign 
in the 2d Battalion of the 37th Foot 
Oct. 3, 1757; and when that battalion 
was detached and renumbered in 1758, 
his regimental designation became the 
75th Foot. He was promoted to a 
lieutenancy May 17, 1759, but at the 
peace of 1763, his regiment was dis- 



banded, and he went upon half-pay. 
He returned to active service Feb. 11, 
1767, when he was commissioned as a 
lieutenant in the 53d Foot, though 
some of the Army Lists give the date as 
Dec. 25, 1765, which is doubtless a 
mistake. He was promoted to a cap- 
taincy May 24, 1775, and accompanied 
the 53d to Canada in the spring of 
1776, on the I2th of June in which 
year he was appointed assistant com- 
missary of Powell's Brigade. He went 
on Burgoyne's expedition in 1777, but 
as his regiment was ordered back to Ti- 
conderoga Aug. loth, he escaped the 
fate of the main army. On the British 
evacuation of Ticonderoga in Nov., 1777, 
Capt. Scott returned to Canada with 
the portion of the regiment not captured 
in the American attack on that fortress 
in the preceding September. He died 
in the spring of 1778, leaving one son, 
John, who died without issue in 1801. 
Capt. Alexander Scott must not be con- 
fused with Capt. Thomas Scott, who 
was transferred from the 24th to the 
53d Foot, Oct. 8, 1777. [B. H : B. 
T: F. E. 18,95.] 

to. James Dunbar entered the Royal 
Artillery as a private in May, 1752, and 
after sixteen years of faithful service was 
rewarded with a commission, having 



Haddens Orderly Books. 207 



himself particularly by every means in his power, 
what Ordnance Stores are arrived in any part of 
the River, in Vessels, or Boats, either from 
Quebec, or Three Rivers, which are to be taken 
an Account of, and assistance applied for either 
from Major Williams', or Captain Borthwick's 
Company (if necessary) to forward them up the 
River, as soon as possible. 

He will then proceed to wherever the Hope- 
well may be, and inform Captain Hosmer that 
Major General Phillips directs a Report to be 
immediately transmitted to him, of the causes 
of the delays, which have so long retarded that 
Transport behind the Fleet, particularizing every 
step that has been taken in their progress up the 
River, from their departure from Quebec down 
to the present time. The Noncommissioned 



been promoted to be a lieut -fireworker 
in the 2d Battalion of the Royal Artil- 
lery Jan. I, 1759. He became a 2d 
lieut. Jan. 23, 1765, and a ist lieut. 
Jan. I, 1771.' He belonged to the de- 
tachment of artillery that served in 
Canada in 1776, and formed a part of 
Burgoyne's force in 1777. Aug. 13, 
1777, he was attached by order of Gen. 
Phillips, to Capt. Walker's company, 
and Aug. 4, 1777, he was appointed 
assistant commissary of horses of the 
artillery, and had charge of the brigades 
belonging to the wings of the army, and 
to the advanced corps and German re- 
serves.^ He served throughout the 
campaign and was embraced in Bur- 
goyne's surrender, his name being at- 
tached to the Cambridge Parole. An- 



burey mentions him as having charge of 
the American Capt. Van Swearingham 
of Morgan's Rifle Corps, who had been 
taken prisoner at Freeman's Yarm Sept. 
19, 1777. Lieut. Dunbar was pro- 
moted during his captivity to a capt.- 
lieutenancy, his commission bearing 
date Nov. 21, 1777'; and he was ex- 
changed Sept. 3, 1781.3 After his ex- 
change he servtrd in New York.* He 
became a captain Dec. 3, 1 781, and 
commanded successively No. 5 Com- 
pany 2d Battalion, now " 8" Battery, 
3d Brigade, and No. i Company, 3d 
Battalion, now " A " Battery, 4th 
Brigade.5 He died in New York, Aug. 
II, 1783.' f'G. U : B. H. ^'E. Z. 
3K. J. 64. ••D. P. 113. 5C. Z. 181, 
220.] 



2o8 Haddens Orderly Books. 

Officers and Privates are to disembark, and march 
to Chamblee under Lieutenant Dunbar. Cap- 
tain Hosmer will remain on board till the Ship 
joins the Fleet. 

G. O. Chamblee, \th July, 1776. 

Parole — St. Columbus. C S. — Longueil. 

The weekly State to be given in next Monday : 
there must be two Copies from each Brigade ; 
one Copy for Lieutenant General Burgoyne, and 
the other for Major General Phillips. 

Lieutenant Samuel Curry «/> of the 21st Regi- 
ment, is appointed assistant Commissary to Brig- 
adier General Gordon's Brigade. 

G. O. Chamblee, ^th July, 1776. 

Parole — Si. Paul. C. S.— Montreal. 

The Troops in the Cantonments not to be 
alarmed at the firing of Cannon, as the Artillery 
will practise with Powder at Chamblee. 

The different Corps to send in immediately to 
the Quarter Master General a Return of what 

ef>. Samuel Currie entered the British (j^uebec, he accompanied it thither. July 

military service March 14, 1766,35 a 2d 4, 1776, he was appointed assistant com- 

lieut. in the 21st Foot, or Royal North missary to Brigadier General Gordon's 

British Fuzileers, which was then in brigade, and the next year he accom- 

Americaj and he was promoted to a panied Burgoyne upon his expedition. 

1st lieutenancy Feb. 21, 1772. He re- He was killed at the battle of Freeman's 

turned home with his regiment from Farm Sept. 19, 1777. [B. H : G. V. 

America, and when, in the spring of 175 : E. Z.] 
1776, it was ordered to Canada to relieve 



HadderCs Orderly Books. 209 

Bat, Baggage, and Forage money they have re- 
ceived before they arrived in Canada. 

The Staff is to give in immediately a Return 
of the Ration, Bat, and Baggage money, that 
will become due to them for One Hundred 
Days, to the Quarter Master General for which 
a Warrant will be immediately granted. 

G. O. Chamblee, July 6///, 1776. 

Parole — St. Morris. C. S. — Quebec. 

A Guard consisting of a Noncommissioned 
Officer, and Six Privates, are to be sent tomorrow 
morning to the Portage, which Guard is to take 
care of Batteaux, Cordage, Casks, or Stores of 
every kind which may occasionally be left there. 

By Major General Phillips. 

Brigade Orders. Chamblee, 6th July, 1776. 

Major General Phillips has appointed Second 
Lieutenant Houghton '''J to be Firemaster to the 

(•y. William Houghton commenced 1790, he was transferred to the Invalid 

his long service in the Royjl Ar- Battalion of the Royal Artillery, and he 

tillery as a private, in Dec, 1745. died at Guernsey, Aug. 22, 1803.' 
He was commissioned a lleut. -fireworker The fire-master, to which position 

June 27, 1762; a 2d lieut. Jan. i, Lieut. Houghton was appointed by the 

1771; a 1st lieut. June 25, 1777; a order in the text, attended to the mak- 

capt.-lieutenant July 17, 1779; a"<l a ing up of all kinds of ammunition, 

captain Nov. 21, 1783. He served in whether for practice or service; and if 

the artillery on Burgoyne's campaigi, there was a laboratory he had charge of 

was included in the Saratoga Convention, it, and was accountable for all tools and 

and remained a prisons.- till Sept. 3, materials used therein^ ['G. U: K.. J. 

1781, when he was cxch.inged; after 64: D. P., 113. ^G. N.l 
which he served in New York. May 21, 

27 



2IO Haddens Orderly Books. 



Detachment of the Royal Artillery in Canada, 
and he is to be obeyed as such. 

The Serjeants and Corporals are for the future 
to use Carbines instead of Halberts ^^ when on 
Duty. 

G. O. Chamhlee.jth July, ijj6. 

Parole — St. Thomas. C. S. — Chamblee. 

It is the Commander in Chief's Orders that 
all the different Regiments of the Army in 
making up their Returns for each month, shall 
set down as present with their Regiment, all the 
Officers, and Noncommissioned Officers now 
present in Canada, whether on Detachment or 
Command, and also that they omit stating in 
their Monthly Returns, any of the Officers or 
Noncommissioned Officers belonging to the ad- 
ditional Companies in Great Britain or Ireland. 

Captain Arthur James Pomeroy ^"^ of the 9th 
Regiment of Dragoons is appointed to act as 
Aide de Camp to Major General Phillips. 



er. An halbert was a weapon for- 
merly carried by the sergeants of foot and 
artillery. It was a sort of spear, the 
shaft of which was about five feet long, 
generally made of ash. Its head was 
armed with a steel point, edged on both 
sides. Besides this point, which was in 
a line with the shaft, there was a cross- 
piece of iron, flat and turned down at 
one end, but not very sharp, so that it 
served equally to cut down or thrust 
with. [G. N.] 

ts. Arthur James Pomeroy entered 



the British service as a cornet of the 5th, 
or Royal Irish Dragoons, Feb. 10, 1 770, 
and was promoted to be a lieutenant May 
I9> I773> '"'"'^ capt. -lieutenant of the 
9th Dragoons, Feb. 24, 1775. ^^ ^*' 
appointed an aid to Maj. Gen. Phillips, 
then in Canada, July 7, 1776, and he 
so acted throughout that year. Oct. 5, 
1776, he became a captain in the ist 
Regt. of Horse, which was then in Ire- 
land, and he was promoted to be major 
of the 9th Dragoons Feb. 14, 1779. 
He appears in the Army Lists for the 
last time in 1784. [B. H.] 



Had den 5 Orderly Books, 



211 



Mr. Edward Merida^-^ is permitted to do duty 
as Volunteer in the Royal Regiment of Artillery 

G. O. Chainbleey 8/// July^ ^77^ — Monday. 
Parole — St. Anne. C. S. — Pointe aux Trembles. 

By Major General Phillips. 
Brigade Orders. 8th July, 1776. 

Captain Mitchelson is to detain as many Bat- 
teaux at St. Charles, as will be required for the 
Guns, and all the Artillery Stores still remaining 
there, which with the heavy Baggage of the 
Company is to be immediately sent to Chamblee 
under the care of a Guard commanded by a 
careful Noncommissioned Officer : The rest of 
the Batteaux will proceed to Santours to take in 
another loading from the Ships. 

Upon the Stores being all embarked at St. 
Charles, Major Williams' Company is to march 
to Chamblee and encamp there, 

et. Edward F. Mfirida entered the hisn ame being attached to the Cam- 
British military service as a volunteer bridge Parole. Oct. 31, 1 781, he was 
July, 7, 1776, in the detachment of the promoted to a lieutenancy in Capt. Wm. 
Royal Artillery serving in Canada, and Thomas's Independent Company of Foot, 
on the 24th of the following September which was soon after regimented into 
he was appointed an acting 2d lieut. in " a Corps of Foot " under Major Com- 
the artillery, but he was never commis- mandant Benjamin Fish. At the peace 
sioned in that corps. His first com- of 1783 Fish's Corps was disbanded, and 
mission was as ensign in the 24th Foot, Lieut. Merida went upon half-pay, and 
and bore date Nov. 27, 177b. The never again entered active service His 
next year he served with his regiment name appears in the Army Lists for the 
through Burgoyne's campaign, and was last time in 1780. [B. H. E. Z.] 
embraced in the Saratoga Convention, 



2 12 Maddens Orderly Books. 

The Surgeon is to bring the Sick up to Cham- 
blee in the Batteaux provided they can be re- 
moved without danger, and that the itchy 
Patients are perfectly recovered, otherwise he is 
to remain with them at St. Charles till they are 
so. 

The Commissary of Artillery is to be particu- 
larly attentive that the Guns, Carriages, and Stores 
are complete and in good order when landed, and 
if otherwise, that they be immediately reported 
to the Commanding Officer for their being re- 
placed or repaired. 



G. O. Chamblee, gth July, 1776. 

Parole — St. Francis. C. S Varenne. 

In making out the weekly State of Brigades, 
the Grenadiers and Light Infantry are not for 
the future to be inserted, and it must be specified 
what alterations of Recruits or otherwise have 
taken place since last Return. 

By Major General Phillips. 

Brigade Orders. Chamblee, gth July, 1776. 

The Commissary of Artillery is immediately 
to make the best of his way to ^ebec, where he 
will probably meet with two Artillery Transports 
from England, which are to be ordered to pro- 



Hadden^s Orderly Books, 213 

ceed up to Santour in the river Sorely provided 
their draught of Water will permit, otherwise, that 
they go up as high as possible, and convey their 
Stores to Chatnblee in such Boats and Batteaux as 
can be procured, applying to the Captains of 
Parishes for Canadians to navigate them under 
the direction of careful men belonging to the 
Detachment of Artillery. If time will permit 
before the Ships leave Quebec ^ the Powder is all to 
be disembarked, and left there, but no time is to 
be lost for this. 

If the Ships should be delayed in the River by 
contrary Winds, or other accidents, the same 
Steps as are above directed must be taken for 
forwarding the Stores to Chamblee without loss 
of time. 

Lieutenant Hadden will see these Orders 
strictly adhered to : and he is not to fail report- 
ing from time to time the progress he has made 
and any Extraordinaries that may occur, to the 
Commanding Officer of Artillery at Chamblee, 
as will also Mr. Commissary Schaw.^'^ 

G. O. Chattiblh, loth July, 1776. 

Parole — St. Louis. C. S. — Vercherre. 

Ensign John Rotten «^' of the 47th Regiment 

eu. Commissary Schaw was, undoubt- ev. John Rotten, or Rotten was doubt- 

edly, Alexander Schaw, who, in 1782, less a nephew of Sir Guy Carleton, whose 

was a commissary and paymaster in sister Catherine married John Rotton of 

New York under Sir Guy Carleton. Dublin'; the person referred to in the text 

[H. C.l without doubt being her son. John 



2 14 Haddetfs Orderly Books, 



is appointed Lieutenant in the room of Lieuten- 
ant French, «'^ and Volunteer Gustavus Hamil- 
^ is appointed Ensign in the room of En- 



ton 



ex 



Rotton, the subject of this sketch, was 
commissioned Jan. 28, 1775, ^^ ^" 
ensign in Sir Guy Carleton's Regiment, 
the 47th Foot, then in America, and, 
he with some other British officers, em- 
barked at Cork, in the ship Hope, to 
join his regiment. These officers landed 
at Gloucester, below Philadelphia, in the 
early part of August, ignorant apparently 
of the commencement of actual hostili- 
ties, and that their landing at that place 
would sacrifice their liberty. The Penn- 
sylvania Committee oi Safety imme- 
diately took them prisoners and sent them 
on parole to Gen. Washington, who 
ordered them to Hartford. Major 
French, in his Journal, affords us some 
glimpses of how these officers passed their 
time in captivity, by giving an account 
of some of their excursions and of one 
of their dinners with Gov. Skene, who 
was likewise a prisoner there. Ensign 
Rotton must have been very young at 
this time, as Major French seems to have 
had charge of his money matters. In 
one of his letters to his wife the testy 
major wrote as follows : — "Pray acquaint 
Mr. Rotton and Mrs. McDermott that 
as their sons have taken the conduct of 
their money affairs into their own hands, 
that I cannot take upon me to be 
accountable for anything that may 
happen in future, or that has for some 
time past. In their difficulties, when 
taken prisoners, they depended on me ; 
these over, they cast me ofT." 

These captive British officers, accord- 
ing to their own version, received much 
ill-usage, so that they represented the 
matter to Congress, and petitioned to be 
removed elsewhere. Ensign Rotton 
signed this memorial, which bore date 
March 2', 1776, and was read in 
Congress on the 7th of the following 



May j for an account of which the 
reader is referred to the sketch of Capt. 
Samuel McKay. Ensign Rotton was 
promoted to a lieutenancy July 10, 
1776, and he remained in Hartford on 
parole as late, certainly, as July 22, 1776. 
He served with his regiment throughout 
Burgoyne's campaign, and was included 
in that general's capitulation, his name 
appearing on the Cambridge Parole. 
July I, 1782, he was made a captain in 
the 4th Battalion of the 60th, or Royal 
American Regiment ; and when that 
battalion was disbanded at the peace of 
1783, he went upon half-pay, and so 
remained as long as his name was borne 
on the Army Lists, its last appearance 
being in 1839. [C. D. 112. B. H: 
C. M. 188-225: E. 148, 149, 499, 
639, 1529 : G. 452 : I. 621 .] 

eiu. Arthur French entered the 
British army as an ensign in the 47th 
Foot, Dec. 16, 1 77 1, and was promoted 
to a lieutenancy July 25, 1775. His 
name is borne on the Army Lists as a 
lieutenant in the 47th, as late as 1783, 
though from the above order it would 
seem that he must have left that regi- 
ment on or before July 10, 1776, when 
his successor was appointed. [B. H.] 

ex. Gustavus Hamilton entered the 
British army as a volunteer, and was 
commissioned as an ensign in the 47th 
Foot July 10, 1776. Upon Burgoyne's 
expedition he was, doubtless, with one 
of the companies of his regiment at 
Diamond Island at the time of the 
Saratoga Convention, as he does not 
appear to have been included in it. He 
was promoted to a lieutenancy April i, 
1780J and April 17, 1784, he exchanged 
with Lieut. Charles Baldwin on to the 
half-pay of his regiment. He returned 



Hadden^s Orderly Books, 215 



sign Rotten. George Clairges, ^y Volunteer in 
the 34th Regiment to suceeed Ensign Mc- 
Farlan ^- promoted, and George Stevens /« Vol- 
unteer in the 47th Regiment is appoint ed 
Ensign to succeed the Honorable Lord Pitt/*^ 
resigned. 



to active service July 29, 1796, when he 
was commissioned as a lieutenant in the 
30th Foot, and his name appears in the 
Army Lists for the last time in 1797- 

There was a contemporary Gustavus 
Hamilton, who was commissioned Oct. 
26, 1775, as an ensign in the 17th 
Foot, then serving in America. Nov. 
18, 1775, he exchanged into the 15th 
Foot, likewise in America, in which he 
became a lieutenant June 20, 1777. 
His name appears in the Army Lists for 
the last time in 1778. [B. H.] 

ey. George Clerges entered the British 
army as a volunteer in the 34th Foot, and, 
according to the above order he became 
an ensign in the 53d Foot July 10, 
1776; but on the first of the follow- 
ing January he exchanged into the 34th 
Foot, in which he was promoted to a 
ieutenancy Nov. 5, 1782. His regi- 
ment went to Canada in the spring ot 

1776, but whether he belonged to either 
of its two light companies that partici- 
pated in Burgoyne's campaign we have 
not ascertained. His name appears for 
the last time in the Army Lists in 
1783. [B. H.] 

t%. William McFarlane became the 
quarter-master of the 53d Foot June 
21, 1772, an ensign therein May 24, 
1775, ^^^ ^ lieutenant July 10, 1776. 
He accompanied his regiment to Canada 
in the spring of 1776, and, doubtless, 
participated in Burgoyne's campaign, 
though we find no reference to him in 

1777. Dec. 23, 1785, he exchanged 



with Lieut. Alexander Maitland into the 
half-pay of the looth Foot, and he 
remained on half-pay as long as he was 
borne on the Army Lists, his name ap- 
pearing for the last time in 1798. [B. H.] 

fa. George Stephens — we adopt the 
spelling of the Army Lists — entered the 
British service as a volunteer, and when 
Lord Pitt, afterwards the 2d Earl of 
Chatham, resigned rather than serve 
against the American Colonies, he was 
appomted an ensign in the 47th Foot, 
his commission bearing date July 10, 
1776. He served in Canada under Gen. 
Carleton in 1776, and took part in 
Burgoyne's campaign in 1777, his name 
being attached to the Cambridge Parole. 
He became a lieutenant May 17, 178a, 
and captain-lieutenant Feb. 7, 1794, 
getting a company of his own the next 
year He became a major in the army 
Sept. 25, 1803, and a captain in the 4th 
Royal Viteran Battalion Oct. 10, 1805. 
In the Army List of 18 12 he appears as 
a captain among the '' officers of the 
Royal Veteran Battalions receiving Full 
Pay," and he continues so to appear as 
long as his name is to be found in the 
Army Lists, it appearing for the last time 
in 1827. [B. H.] 

fb. The Right Hon. John Pitt, 
second Earl of Chatham, Viscount Pitt 
of Burton Pynsent, Somersetshire, and 
Baron Chatham, a Knight of the Gar- 
ter, a Privy Councillor, a General in the 
army, Colonel of the 4th Reg't of Foot, 
Governor of Gibraltar, High Steward o( 



2i6 Hacidens Orderly Books. 



G, O. Chamblee, wth July, 1776. 

Parole — St. Anthony. C. S. — Boucherville. 

His Majesty having ordered to be paid in 
England to the 21st and 31st Regiments the Bat 
and Baggage money for the Campaign, and one 
Hundred Days Forage Money ; 



Colchester, an Elder Brother of the 
Trinity House, a Governor of the Char- 
ter House, &c., &c., was the eldest son 
of William, the great Earl of Chatham, 
by Lady Hester Grenville, Baroness 
Chatham, only daughter of Richard 
Grenville, Esq., and Hester, Countess 
Temple. He was born Sept. lo, 1756, 
at a time when his father was Secretary 
of State, and in the zenitii of his glory. 
Upon William Pitt's obtaining an earl- 
dom, in 1766, his eldest son became, by 
courtesy, John, Viscount Pitt. The sub- 
ject of this sketch entered the army 
March 14, 1774, as an ensign in the 
47th Foot, and a few months later ac- 
companied Gen. Carleton as an aid-de- 
camp to Canada, where he arrived Sept. 
17th. The next year when the Amer- 
icans invaded that province he came 
very near being captured, and Col. Barre 
stated in the House of Commons that 
he had been advised that Gen. Carleton 
and Lord Pitt were within a quarter of 
an hour of falling into the hands of the 
Americans. He resigned his commission 
in the autumn of 1775, and embarked 
for England on the ship Pomona, Oct. 
2d, 1775, arriving in London on the 2d 
of November. The London Chronicle 
for Feb. 1-3, 1776, says — "An officer 
who is just arrived from America, gives 
an account, that so great a respect and 
veneration do the people of that country 
pay Lord Chatham, that upon Lord 
Pitt's first landing there, they got an 
exact description of his person, which 
was given in orders to the riflemen, 



with an intent to spare him upon all 
engagements : it was likewise given in 
constant orders, should he be taken pris- 
oner, to treat him with all imaginable 
respect, the etiquette of which was even 
settled in every particular." 

The same paper, in its issue of Feb. 
20-22, of the same year, says — " We 
hear, what ultimately decided Lord 
Chatham in favour of Lord Pitt's resig- 
nation, was the account this young 
Nobleman gave of the general respect and 
veneration paid the name of Chatham 
all over the American continent; and 
particularly the standing orders both to 
the main army and detached parties 
' that should Lord Pitt become their 
prisoner, to treat him with all imaginable 
respect.' " 

Lord Pitt succeeded to the peerage, 
as the second Earl of Chatham, soon 
after he became of age, by the death of 
his father, May 11, 1778 ; and he tiius 
came into the possession of an annual 
pension of £3,000, which was conferred 
on the first earl in 1761 for three lives. 
An additional pension of £4,000 a year 
was settled on this peerage by act of 
Parliament soon after the great Earl of 
Chatham's death in 1778, so that the 
subject of this sketch, besides the emol- 
uments of the various offices he held 
during his life, enjoyed an annual income 
of £7,000, or about $35,000. 

June 6, 1778, his lordship again en- 
tered the army, this time as a lieutenant 
in the 39th Foot, and he went to Gib- 
raltar as aid to Sir Robert Boyd. June 



HadderCs Orderly Books, 217 



The Lieutenant General, Majors General, and 
Brigadiers General with the Staff and officers of 
the Army, except such as have already received, 
may give in the abstracts for Bat and Baggage 



30, 1779, he was promoted to a cap- 
taincy in that reg't, from which he ex- 
changed into the 86th, a new reg't, on 
the 30th of the following September. 
Dec. 18, 1782, he became a capt -lieuten- 
ant in the 3d Foot Guards, which gave 
him the rank of lieut. -colonel in the 
army. On the 6th of July, 1788, his 
brother appointed him First Lord of the 
Admiralty, and he presided over the 
Admiralty until the middle of Dec, 

1794. He was sworn a Privy Council- 
lor April 3, 1789, and he was elected a 
Knight of the Garter Dec. 15th, 1790. 
At the time of his death he was the 
senior knight of that most noble order, 
with the exception of the sovereign and 
his royal brothers. He became a 
colonel in the army Oct. 12, 1793, and 
Lord Privy Seal, the fifth great officer of 
state, Dec. 17, 1794. He was com- 
missioned a major-general Feb. 26, 

1795, and he was declared Lord Presi- 
dent of the Council, the fourth great 
officer of state, Sept. 24, 1796, the Duke 
of Portland succeeding him July 30, 
1801. The colonelcy of the 4th Foot, 
or King's Own, was conferred on him 
Dec. 5, 1799, and he became a lieut.- 
general April 29, 1802. He was ap- 
pointed Master-General of the Ordnance 
in June, 1801, in which position he 
continued until the dissolution of the 
ministry, consequent on his brother's 
death in Feb., 1806. On the death of 
his mother April 3, 1803, he succeeded 
to the Barony of Chatham. In the 
Army Lists of 1806, and 1807, he ap- 
pears as Governor of Plymouth ; and 
in the Lists of 1808, to 1820, inclusive, 
as Governor of Jersey. On the 31st of 
March, 1807, he was reappointed to the 
Master Generalship of the Ordnance, 

28 



whicii he then held until May, 18 10. 
In 1809 he was entrusted with the 
military command of the unfortunate 
Walcheren expedition, the first and last 
active command he ever held. His 
lordship attained the full rank of general 
Jan. I, 1812, and he was appointed 
Governor of Gibraltar Jan. 29, 1820, on 
the death of the Duke of Kent. He 
died at his house in Charles St. Berkeley 
sq., London, Sept. 24, 1835. 

The Earl of Chatham married the 
Hon. Mary Elizabeth Townsend, second 
daughter of Thomas, first Viscount Sid- 
ney, July 9, 1783, bur a? she died May 
21, 1 82 1, leaving no issue, ana he never 
married ag.iin, the peerage became ex- 
tinct. His Lordship was the last sur- 
viving peer of the family of Pitt, which 
has been raised to that dignity in the 
four titled branches of Rivers, Camel- 
ford, Chatham, and Londonderry ; and 
at his death there were but five generals 
above him on the Army Lists. 

The Earl of Chatham owed his num- 
erous appointments and e.Yalted position 
to his distinguished birth and influential 
connection, rather than to any merit of 
his own ; and it is very clear that 
he possessed no military genius. A 
writer in the London Chronicle at the 
time of the death of the great Earl of 
Chatham and the elevation of the son to 
the peerage, thus refers to the latter, and 
we fancy with great justice : '* Those 
who have the honour of knowing him 
say, he is a very quiet character, and 
much more calculated for the exercise of 
the milder virtues, than the bustle of a 
public station." [B. H : E. U. 546 : 
L. V. 528 : A. S: F. O : K. D. 51 : 
E. 925: H. 39: H. I. 567 : H. J. 
134: J.G] 



2 1 8 HadderCs Orderly Books, 

for the campaign, as also for one Hundred Days 
Forage Money. 

The Paymasters of the several Regiments to 
attend with their abstracts on the Quarter Master 
General and Deputy Adjutant General on the 
13th Instant at 9 o'clock in the Morning. 

A ship is to sail for England in two Days ; any 
Letters that the Officers or Soldiers of the Army 
want to send, are to be sent immediately to Head 
Quarters, where they will be taken care of. 

His Excellency the Commander in Chief has 
been pleased to appoint Doctor Robert Knox f^ 
to be Physician, and the Reverend Edward Bru- 
denell.A^ to be Chaplain to the Staff. 

A Serjeant and 12 Men from the ist Brigade 
to be sent immediately to the Portage, with 2 
Days Provisions, to carry Boats to St. "Johns : 
The Serjeant is to put 3 Men in each Boat, that 
are to be joined by 3 Canadians. 

fc. Dr. Robert Knox was among name appears in the Army Lists for the 

the officer* of hospitals for the British last time in 1792.' ['B. H. ^F. D. 

forces in North America appointed in 167.] 
1776. He held the rank of "Physician" 

at the first', but Lord George Germaine fJ. It should have been stated in 

wrote to Sir Guy Carleton fiom White- the note on Rev. Edward Brudenel, ante, 

hall, March 25th, 1777, as follows : — "I page 106, that in '* A List of the Officers 

have the satisfaction to acquaint you of the Army serving in North America 

that his Majesty has been pleased to ap- under the command of His Excellency 

point Dr. Knox Inspector General of General Sir Guy Carleton, K B.," for 

the Hospitals to the Army under your the year 1783, he is found as " Chaplain 

command, of which he will receive the to the staff," page 18. It will be 

proper notice from the Secretary of remembered that at that time Sir Guy 

War."=^ Dr. Knox was transferred from Carleton's headquarters were in the city 

active service to half-pay as inspector of New York, 
general at Canada in 178 1, and his 



Hadden'^s Orderly Books. 219 

This Party is to be given always at the requi- 
sition of the Quarter Master General. 

The Serjeant's Party for the Boats to Day are 
to have Provisions for this Day and tomorrow. 



By Major General Phillips. 

Brigade Orders. Chamblee, nth July, 1776. 

One Subaltern with twenty Men and a pro- 
portion of noncommissioned Officers from the 
Park, are to form a Working Party every Day, 
to assist in Landing Stores, Mounting Guns, &c. 
The Major General's intention by this Order is 
not only to give the Artillery Men a share of 
this Fatigue with the Line, but likewise for the 
Instruction of the young Officers and men in so 
necessary a part of their Duty. 

Conductor Johns with two experienced men 
per Company are to be fixed with the Laboratory 
under the direction of Lieutenant Houghton. 

It is Major General Phillips positive Order 
that no man is suffered to straggle out of Camp, 
after retreat-beating, and that the Roll is to be 
called at uncertain hours at Night to see that 
none are absent. 

In the quick firing Motions the man who 
rams home, is on falling back, to give the word 
Fire as usual, but is on no Account to turn his 



2 20 Haddens Order Ly Books. 

head, but keep his Eyes fixed on the Muzzle of 
the Gun, so that he may be certain when the 
Gun has fired, befi^re he steps fiDrward to Spunge. 

The Gunner who fires, although he hears the 
word Fire from the man who rams, is yet not to 
put the Port-fire to the Vent, but by the Order 
of the Officer, or non Commissioned Officer, who 
is at that Gun. 

In quick-firing Practice the Gun is to be 
spunged between every firing, except now and 
then by order of the Commanding Officer, a few 
rounds may be fired without Spunging to practise 
the men for a time of Action when this may be- 
come necessary. The Officers will order Spung- 
ing again by word of Command. 

The Detachment to practice the quick-firing 
Motions with Powder on Monday next. 



By Major General Phillips. 

Brigade Orders. Chamblee, 12th July ^ ^77^- 

The Quarter Guard to consist of an Officer, 
Serjeant, two non Commissioned Officers, and 24 
Privates; to furnish eight Sentries, one at the 
Laboratory, one upon the Stores on the Beach, 
Two on the Flanks of the Encampment, Two 
upon the Park, One upon the Guard, and one 
upon the Commanding Officer in Camp. 



Haddens Orderly Books. 221 

It is expected that this Guard be very alert, 
and turn out upon all occasions ; to the General 
with Rested Arms, Officers Salute, Drums beat a 
march : The Lieutenant General the same, 
except the Drum beating only three Ruffles : 
The Majors General, the Officers do not salute, 
Two Ruffles : The Brigadiers, one Ruffle. To 
the Commanding Officer in Camp, turn out once 
a day with rested arms, at other times stand to 
their Arms. 

The Officer nor any of the men to be absent 
from the Guard, but for a certain time at Meals. 

The Picket for Duties of Fatigue to consist of 
the same number as the Guard, and are to take 
that Duty on the preceding Day to their Mount- 
ing. 

The Officer's Guard is to commence on Mon- 
day next. 

The hours of Exercise in the morning with 
the Guns, to be from Six to Eight under the 
Orders of a Captain, and all the Subalterns to 
attend. 

The Evening Parade, as usual, an hour and a 
half before retreat beating. 

When the Commanding Officers of Com- 
panies have occasion to employ any of their Men, 
it must be in those hours when there are no 
Exercises. 



2 22 H add en's Orderly Books. 

Two Second Lieutenants to attend in turn 
from ten to twelve in the Laboratory, to instruct 
themselves in that branch of the Service ; they 
are to prepare Tables, Minutes and Mem- 
orandums : as an Examination will be held be- 
fore the Campaign on the Lakes, which the 
Second Lieutenants are to prepare themselves for. 



G. 0. Chamblee, I2th Julyy 1776. 

Parole — St. Cecilia. C S. — Point aux Trembles. 

The Guard that is to mount at the little 
Portage tomorrow is to consist of a Subaltern 
Officer, a Serjeant, two Corporals, and 24 Men ; 
this Guard is to furnish 3 Men to be put into 
every Batteaux that goes from the little Portage 
to St. Johns. 

This Duty to be done by Brigadier General 
Powel's Brigade and by the Regiments of that 
Brigade alternatively, and is to be relieved every 
4 Days. 

The Offals &c. of the several Butcheries to be 
buried deep in the Ground, and not to be thrown 
into the River. 

The 100 Workmen for Captain Laws to be 
continued till further Orders from the ist 
Brigade. 



Haddens Orderly Books. 223 

Second Lieutenant William Cox/<^ of the 
Royal Regiment of Artillery is appointed Under 
Assistant Commissary of Provisions to the Brigade 
of Artillery in Canada. 

G. O. Chamblee, 13th July, 1776. 

Parole— ^i. Patrick. C. 5. — Dublin. 

G. O. Chamblee, 14th July, 1776. 

Parole — George. C.S. — Hanover. 



G. O. Chamblee, 15M July, 1776. 

Parole — Bristol. C. S. — Canada. 

The District of Montreal, and the Parishes as 
far as Les Cedres are not to furnish Carts and 
Horses, or Men for Corvees,/ except to transport 
Provisions. 



ft. William Cox entered the Royal 
Military Academy at Woolwich, as a 
gentleman cadet Jan. lo, 1770, and be- 
came a 2d lieutenant in the 1st Battalion 
ot the Royal Artillery June 17, 1772, 
which battalion was stationed in Amer- 
ica in 1773. ^' served with the 
artillery in Canada in 1776, and ac- 
companied Burgoyne in 1777; on July 
1 2th, of which year, he was appointed 
under assistant commissary of provisions 
to the brigade of artillery in Canada. 
He was included in Burgoyne's sur- 
render and signed the Cambridge parole. 
He resigned from the artillery in March, 
1778, to accept promotion in the in- 
fantry arm of the srrvice, having been 



commi.^sioned a ist lieutenant in the 
21st Foot, or Royal North British Fusi- 
liers Sept. 20, 1777. He was appointed 
adjutant of his regiment Dec. 24, 1785, 
and so continued till 1792. He became 
captain-lieutenant May 31, 1789, receiv- 
ing a company of his own in 1792. 
He appears in the Army Lists for the 
last time in 1793. 

There was another contemporary Capt. 
William Cox in the 5th Foot, Fusiliers 
who afterwards exchanged into the 85th 
Foot on half-pay. [B. H : G. U.] 

ff. Corvee is a French word, mean- 
ing in English, statute labor, husbandry 
service, an ungrateful task, drudgery, a 



224- Hadden's Orderly Books, 

The Inhabitants of St. Therese are to be em- 
ployed with their Carts and Horses only, be- 
tween that place and St. Johns, at the requistion 
of Brigadier General Frazer. 



G.O. Chamblee, \6th July, 1776. 

Parole — London. C. S. — New York. 

The Commanding Officers of Corps will take 
every opportunity to exercise the Troops in the 
use and management of Boats, in Embarking, 
Rowing, Landing, and forming with Celerity ; 
also in attacking and boarding Boats, or Armed 
Vessels, that they may be expert in those Ex- 
ercises should the Rebels be foolish enough to 
attempt opposition on either Element. 



By Major General Phillips. 

Brigade Orders. Chamblee, i6th July, ^77^- 

Two ten Inch Morters, and eight heavy 24 
Pounders with their Stores are to be sent up by 
the Gondola to Chamblee in such proportions 
as she can carry with safety. 

job. In Canada it designated the service owners, which latter furnished this labor 
which the peasants, or tenants, were to the British. Hence the peasants 
bound to render their seigneurs, or land doing this work were called corveej. 



Madden s Orderly Books. 225 

With the last Embarkation of the above men- 
tioned Artillery, Captain Borthwick will embark 
with the remainder of his Company after having 
left Lieutenant Duvernet./// with twenty men 
and a proportion of Noncommissioned Officers 
at Saintour ; Such men are to be picked to form 
this Detachment as can be trusted with the care 
of the Batteaux that are sent up ; and Orders are 
to be left for Lieutenant Hadden to proceed 
with his Detachment to Chamblee upon his 
arrival at Saintour. The Quarter Master will 
remain with the Transports till further Orders. 



G. O. Chatnblee, ijth Juiy^ "i-JJ^. 

Parole — Liverpool. C. S. — Philadelphia. 
Captain Money/'' of the 9th Regiment is ap- 



/g. Abram Duvemet became a 
gentleman cadet at the Royal Military 
Academy at Woolwich March i, 1774; 
a 2d lieut. in the Royal Artillery Jan. 
II, 1776; a 1st lieut. July 7, 1779; a 
captain-lieutenant March 22, 1785; a 
captain Nov. i, 1793; a major in the 
army May 6, '795 ; a major in the 
artillery April 18, i8oi ; a lieut. -colonel 
in the army Jan i, 1800; and a lieut.- 
colonel in the artillery Feb. 11, 1802. 
He died at Ringmer in Sussex, England, 
Oct. 23, 1806. [G. U.] 

/h. John Money was born in Nor- 
wich, England, in or about the year 
1740'. As early as 1760 he was an 
ensign in the Norfolk militia,' and he 
afterwards served as a volunteer in the 

29 



15th, or the King's Regiment of Light 
Dragoons, and as such was at the 
battle of Felinghausen, and (jther engage- 
ments in 1761.' March II, 1762, he 
was ct'mmissioned as a cornet in the 6th, 
or Enniskillen Dragoons, with which 
regiment he served until Feb. 10, 1770, 
when he was promoted to a captaincy in 
the 9th Fool.3 He accompanied his 
regiment to Canada in the spring of 
1776, and took part in the operations 
against the Americans that year under 
Sir Guy Carleton. July 17, 1776, he 
was appointed deputy-quarter-master- 
general, ♦ and the next year he accom- 
panied Burgoyne on his expedition as 
such, and had full charge of the quarter- 
master's department of that army. Capt. 
Money acted quite an important part, 



2 26 Haddens Orderly Books. 



pointed Deputy Quarter Master General, and is 
to be obeyed as such. 



according to the British Sergeant Lamb, 
in Lieut. -Col. Hill's affair with the 9th 
Regiment, against the Americans, near 
Fort Ann. Sergeant Lamb, who was in 
the 9th, gives this version of the matter 
in his Journal : — " When the tioops 
arrived at the summit of the hill they 
formed in Indian file, and kept up a well 
directed fire till all the ammunition was 
expended ; the enemy observing that the 
firing ceased, was encouraged to press 
forward with redoubled vigour, and 
endeavoured to surround them in order to 
cut off all retreat. Just at this critical 
moment a war hoop was heard, which 
resounded through the wood ; this sound, 
which was so obnoxious at that time to 
the Americans, threw them into the 
utmost consternation. The war hoop 
was sounded by captain Money, deputy- 
quarter-master-general 5 he had been 
detached by general Burgoyne early in 
the morning from Skeensborough, with 
a party of Indians, in order to join this 
detachment} when they came within 
four miles of Fort Ann, they heard the 
firing; Captain Money ordered them to 
advance as fast as possible to assist, but 
they refused to obey him, and either 
stood still or advanced very slow. Being 
anxious to join the party at all events, 
he ran forward by himself with all his 
might, and came to the bottom of the 
hill where, just as all the ammunition 
was expended, he gave the war-hoop. "° 
The real cause of the Americans retreat- 
ing was that they had expended all their 
ammunition; anl if the British had done 
the same, as Anburey asserts, neither 
knew the other's predicament, so each 
wished to get away from its antagonist. 
Capt. Money was at the battles of 
Freeman's Farm and Bemus' Heights, at 
the latter of which he was taken pris- 
oner.* He testified before a Committee 
of the House of Commons on the 27th 



of May, 1779, in regard to Burgoyne's 
unfortunate expedition ; but whether he 
had then been exchanged, or was simply 
on parole, we do not know. 7 As we 
find one of Lord Cornwallis's proclama- 
tions issued in South Carolina Sept. 15, 
1780, attested by "J. Money, Aid de 
Camp," we infer that Capt. Money 
returned to America and served on the 
Earl Cornwallis's staff.^ He became a 
major in the army Nov. 17, 1780, and 
the majorof the 9th Foot Sept. 28, 1781. 
In 1784, or early in 1785, he exchanged 
on to the half-pay of the 91st Foot, and 
he continued on half-pay, as major, from 
the Army List of 1785 to that of 
1815.3 

When the people of Belgium took up 
arms against Austria in 1789-90, Major 
Money offered his services to the patriots, 
from whom he received a commission of 
major-general ; but the resistance not 
proving successful he returned to Eng- 
land, and proposed to raise a force of 
three or four thousand men from the 
wreck of their army for the British 
service. His offer was declined, because, 
it is said. Lord Cornwallis, the com- 
mander-in-chief in India, desired that 
no more foreigners might be sent out to 
him, the Hanoverians under his com- 
mand being unfit for service. '.=^ He 
became a lieut. -colonel in the army Nov. 
18, 17903, and in 1792 he presented a 
memorial to the king earnestly recom- 
mending the establishment of a corps of 
riflemen. On the 6th of April, in the 
next year, he addressed a letter to Lord 
Amherst, then commander in chief, in 
which after stating that he had just 
returned from serving in the French 
army as marescbal dc camp, and had 
declined the rank of lieut. -general in the 
Brabant service, he endeavoured, but 
without effect, to procure a command in 
the army then raising to join Prince 



Hadde?i*s 0?'derly Books. 227 



Captain Littlejohn f is appointed Master At- 
tendant and Naval Storekeeper from the mouth 
of Sorel up to St. John's. 



Cobourg. He is said to have vainly 
solicited employment in various subse- 
quent expeditions ; and on the return of 
the British troops sent to the Helder 
under the Duke of York, whose failure 
he had confidently predicted, he proposed 
to raise a regiment of rillemen at his own 
expense, but his offer w,»s rejected. 

At this time he published " A Treatise 
on the necessity of having Sharpshooters 
in the British Service "; and the want 
of such troops having been sensibly felt 
by the forces in Holland, two regiments 
of them were shortly after organized. 
His next publication, of which only forty 
copies were printed, was ' A Military 
Description of the County of Kent '; 



use of Martello towers ; a treatise on the 
use of portable guns for the protection of 
the coast; and 'An Account of the 
Revolutionary War of 1792,' in which 
he censured the conduct of Dumouriez, 
although that distinguished general had, 
it is said, offered him the command of 
the army of Brabant.' 

He became a lieut. -general Oct. 30, 
1805, and a general June 4, 18 14.3 On 
the return of the Bourbons to France he 
received a cross of St. Louis as a token of 
gratitude from the restored monarch, 
having, as it is related in his History of 
the Revolution, risen from his bed on the 
night of the 9th of August, 1792, and 
proceeded to the Tuileries to assist in 



and hj subsequently drew up accounts of protecting Louis XVI, whom, his aid 



the military positions in various otlier 
parts of the kingdom, by which he 
appears to have mateiially increased his 
reputation ' He became a colonel in 
the army Aug. 21, 1795, and a major- 



de camp had informed him, the mob of 
St. Antoine was preparing to massacre. 
It is alleged that while he was in Paris, 
about this turbulent period, he regularly 
transmitted to Gen. Rainsford accounts 



general June 18, 1798.3 In 1799 he of every important event that occurred, 

addressed a letter to the Right Hon. and that his letters were invariably for- 

William Windham on a reorganizati in warded, through Lord Granville, to the 

of the British army, in which he showed king, whom, in one of them, he seems 

the value of irregulars as sharpshooters to have greatly offended, by stating that 

in an enclosed country. About the ministers would be either madmen or 



same time he addressed another letter to 
Mr. Windham, in which he strongly 
censured the practice of flogging, for 
which he proposed, in case of desertion, 
to substitute branding on the shoulder. 
He also published an address to the 



fools, to engage in a war with France 
under existing circumstances.' 

He was colonel of the East Norfolk 
Veomanry Cavalry at the time of his 
death, which, according to the Gentle- 
man's Magazine, took place at Trowse 



people of Norfolk and Suffolk on the Hall, Norfolk, on the 26th of March, 

threatened invasion, which produced 1817, when he was in the 78th year 

luch an effect, it is slid, that shortly of his age. The Georgian Era states 

after, three companies of riflemen were that he died at his estate called Crown 

raised in Norwich, twelve battalions of Point, near Norwich, in Norfolk, Eng- 

Tolunteers in Norfolk, and almost as land.' 

many in Suffolk. In addition to these He was eminently instrumental in 

productions he wrote a treatise on the establishing the rifle corps, but doubts 

Ji. See Appendix 20. 



228 Haddens Orderly Books. 

G. O. Chamblee, \%th July, 1776. 

Parole — Howe. C. «S. — New York. 

Some Brigades having omitted sending in 
their weekly State on Monday last, they are de- 
sired to do it punctually for the future. 

By Major General Phillips. 
G. O. Chamblee, 19th July, 1776. 

Parole — Clinton. C. S. — Virginia. 

When any Carts loaded with his Majesty's 
Stores pass from Montreal or elsewhere they are 
to be put under the charge of a careful Non- 
commissioned Officer from the different Canton- 
exist as to his qualifications for com viously been hidden in mystery, was fully 
mand ; and it is clear that he never revealed on an inspection of Gen. 
enjoyed the confidence of government. Money's papers. It appeared that Brough- 
He appears, however, to have possessed ton, having fjllen into difficulties, had 
considerable talent as a military man, resorted to highway robbery, and, un- 
and in animal courage he had few equals, fortunately for Jiimself, had stopped the 
On one occasion during a violent thunder general. "I know you, Broughton," 
storm, which deterred one who had agreed said Money, " and will not be plundered, 
to accompany him on an aeronautic excur- Go about your business, and I will never 
sion, he entered the car alone, uttering a discover you." Broughton, however, 
brutal defiance to the elements, and insisted on having the general's purse, 
ascended. After having been carried a *' Well, if you will, you must," said 
distance of thirty miles, the gas in tlie Money, producing a pistol and instantly 
balloon by some accident rapidly escaped lodging its contents in Broughton's 
and the balloon fell into the sea. body; — "There," added he, "now go 
Money, however, though up to his neck home Broughton, and keep your own 
in water, clung to the wreck until secret; I'll never discover you." The 
rescued by the crew of a vessel, who had pugilist soon after died of his wound, and 
luckily discovered his perilous situation, the secret did not transpire until after 
One other incident will serve to illustrate Gen. Money's death.' ['E. V. 97: 
the physical courage of this man. The E. M. 376. ^B. M. 84. 3B. H. 
cause of the sudden death of Broughton, ^E. Z. 5G. V. 142. *G. V 176. 
the celebrated pugilist, which had pre- 'B. N. 39. *K. 1. z8.] 



Haddens Orderly Books. 229 

ments, who are to relieve each other on the 
Road, and are to be answerable that the Stores 
are safely delivered over, for which purpose a 
List of them must be taken. 



By Major General Phillips. 
G. O. Chamblee, 20th July, 1776. 

Parole — Cornwallis. C. S. — Albany. 



By Major General Phillips. 

G. O. Chamblee, 21st July, 1776. 

Parole — Perey. C. S. — Maryland. 

Doctor Kennedy,/)" Physician to the Hospital, 
is appointed by the General, Inspector of the 



fj. Dr. Hugh Kennedy, one of the 
officers of hospitals for the British forces 
in North America, appointed in 1776, 
ranked as a " Physician," until the last 
year of the war, when he seems to have 
been promoted to "Inspector General of 
Regimental Infirmaries," as in the Army 
List of 1784 he is found on half-pay 
with this increased rank. He continued 
on half-pay for ten years, as his name 
appears in the Army Lists for the last 
time in 1793. When the Riedesels 
returned to Europe at the close of the 
war, the Kennedys accompanied them, 
tnd Madame Riedesel, in her Letters and 
Journals, gives this not very flattering 
mention of them in connection with her 
efTorts in their behalf; the general she refers 
to, being Gen. Haldimand, governor gen- 
eral of Canada. Says Madame Riedesel 



in describing her preparations for de- 
parture, — " Our physician, Doctor Ken- 
nedy, on our passage through Three 
Rivers, pressed us to arrange it in such a 
manner that his family, namely, his 
wife and three daughters, two maid -serv- 
ants and an attendant, could go with us 
to Europe. We promised him, accord- 
ingly, to speak with the general, for he 
was very skillful, and we thought it 
would be a capital idea to have such a 
man with us. The general replied to me, 
when I asked him, 'The ship is yours, 
arrange matters as you please ; but you 
do not know the pretentions of these 
people, who will make you a good deal 
of trouble.' 1 learned afterward, by 
dear experience, that he knew his man 
w>;ll." [p. 210.] 



230 Hadden's Orderly Books. 

Regimental Hospitals, and he is to be obeyed as 
such. 

The Officer commanding the Guard at St. 
Therese is not to suffer any Carts with 
Stores to pass on towards St. Johns, without 
they bring with them an Order in writing from 
either Major General Phillips, the Quarter 
Master General, or Officers authorised by 
them : all other Carts are to be unloaded at 
St. Therese and sent back to Chamblee. 



By Major General Phillips. 

G. O. Chamblee, 22nd July, 1776. 

Parole — St. George. C. S. — England. 

Mr. Richard Huntley is appointed by the 
General to be Surgeon to the Garrison of 
Montreal. 

All Recruits now at Montreal belonging to 
the Regiments in Canada to be marched forth- 
with under their respective Officers to their 
several Corps. 

The Recruits of Regiments not in Canada, 
are to be marched to the Head Quarters of the 
Army at Chamblee in Order to be incorporated 
into the weakest Corps. 

For the future Prisoners confined for Crimes 
are to receive from the Commissary no other 



Hadden^s Orderly Books. 231 

Provision than a full allowance of Bread, unless 
their Health should render any other food nec- 
essary, which must be certified under the Hand 
of a Surgeon or Apothecary of the Hospital. 

The Complaints still continue of the Inhabi- 
tants being ill treated by those who have the 
transports of Horses or Provisions, and in par- 
ticular that the Sailors use the People ill and 
plunder the Farms. It is ordered that those 
Brigades which are on the River Sorel take every 
means to prevent these Disorders. That it be 
signified to the Inhabitants to apply to Officers 
for redress, who are enjoined to give it, and to 
use every means for preventing such Disorders. 
Patroles are to be sent occasionally from the 
Cantonments on the Sorel, who are to coast the 
River, and be ready to stop any violences used 
towards the Inhabitants. 



By Major General Phillips. 

Brigade Orders. Chamblee/yuly 22 W, 1776. 

A four Gun Battery and a Battery for four 
Mortars to be constructed immediately ; for this 
purpose Fascines and Pickets are to be made and 
the Batteries to be finished by Saturday Evening. 
The Gun Battery to be constructed at about 
500 Yards from the River, taking its line of 
direction over the Bason of Chaniblee to where 



232 Hadden's Orderly Books. 

the River takes its course. The Mortar Battery 
to be so constructed that a clear Range of about 
600 Yards may be gained, and the direction may 
be either towards the River, tov^ards the Country, 
or across it, as may be most convenient. This 
work to be carried on in the Morning, and the 
Gun practice in the Evening during the Week. 
At all general Parades of the Detachment, all 
the Officers to be present, except by particular 
leave of the Commanding Officer in Camp. At 
the Evening Roll-calling, the men having re- 
ported the State of their Companies to the Com- 
manding Officer, are to take post at the head of 
their Companies, and wait the Commanding 
Officer's Orders. 

On Thursday Evening next at 6 o'clock the 
whole Detachment to be under Arms; the Com- 
missary, Clerks, Conductors, Artificers, and all 
the civil Branch to attend, when the Articles of 
War are to be read. The Major General has 
reason to believe there is a want of Attention in 
the Conductors of Stores, and great irregularities 
among the Artificers. 

Major Williams is directed to call for such 
reports, and have such roll-calling as he may 
see necessary to keep up a strict Discipline in the 
Civil Branch. 

Any misbehaviour will be punished with the 
utmost Severity. 



Haddens Orderly Books. 233 

By Major General Phillips. 
G. O. Chamblee, "July 23^, 1776. 

Parole— "^l. Anne. C. 5.— York. 

G. O. ChambUe, 2\th 'July, ijj(>. 

Parole — St. Michael. C. S. — Worcester. 

The Troops concerned in the following Dis- 
position are to hold themselves in readiness to 
march accordingly. 

The 2ist and 62nd Regiments to St. Therese 
from whence the 21st will detach two Com- 
panies to Hazelshousey and the 62nd two Com- 
panies across the Sorel opposite to St. Therese. 

Orders for the conduct of these Companies 
will be given at the time. Three Companies of 
the 34th from the 6 now at Sorel are to occupy 
Saintours, St. Denis, and St. Charles, one Com- 
pany at each place, from whence they are to 
establish a chain of small Patroles to prevent 
marauding and other irregularities committed by 
Sailors, and others, of which there are daily 
complaints. 

Two Companies from the 2nd Brigade to 
canton on the South Side of the Sorel opposite 
Belle Oeil to continue the Chain of Patroles 
towards the Parish of Chamblee. 

30 



234 HaJden^s Orderly Books. 

Besides the common Patroles all Detachments 
on the South of the Sorel will be prepared to 
push Parties into the Woods to a considerable 
distance, for the Conduct of which they will 
receive further Orders. 

Boats will be ordered for keeping proper com- 
munication between the Corps of the different 
sides of the River. 

An Officer and 25 Men from Colonel Mac- 
lean's/-^ Corps to take post at the Ferry- house at 
Longueil to prevent irregularities in forcing 
Boats and Carriages. The Quarter Masters of 
all Regiments are to be responsible that the 
empty Flour Casks are always returned to the 
Deputy Commissaries by the first opportunity. 

G. O. Cfiamblee^ July i^th^ ^77^- 

Parole — St. John. C. S. Florence. 

The 53 recruits now at St. Therese, are to be 
incorporated into the 47th and 53rd Regi- 
ments, being the Corps weakest in numbers, in 
the following proportion, viz't. The 47th Regi- 
ment 48 Recruits, and the 53rd ^w, and those 
Regiments are to send Officers to receive their 
men tomorrow morning at 8 o'clock. The 
Officer now Commanding the Recruits will 
throw them into Sizes and Lots for the impar- 
tiality of the Distribution. 

fk. See Appendix 21. 



Hadden's OrdeiHy Books. 235 

The Regiments are to repair the Bridges and 
other Communications with their respective 
Cantonments and they are afterwards to keep 
them in proper Order for the passage of Troops 
and Artillery. No assistance can be had from 
the Country for this purpose. 

The Commanding Officer of each Regiment 
will immediately make a strict search into his 
Corps in order to find out some upper Sawyers, 
which are very much wanted at present for the 
King's Service. If any are found, they are im- 
mediately to be sent to Lieutenant Twiss (Major 
General Phillips' Aide de Camp) at St. Johns. 

The Demand made by Officers for Horses and 
Calashes upon all the Roads, being more than 
the Country (can) supply without Injury to the 
King's Service, the Brigadiers commanding in 
the several Cantonments will restrain the num- 
ber of Officers making excursions from their 
Regiments except in Cases of real Business. 

The Captains of Militia are to furnish no 
Horses or Calashes to Officers except they pro- 
duce an Order from the Brigadier General, or in 
his absence the Officer Commanding a Canton- 
ment, and all Calashes or Horses are to be paid 
for at the Post where they are taken. 

The two Companies of the 21st Regiment 
which were in yesterday's Orders to hold them- 



236 HadderCs Orderly Books. 

selves in readiness, will march immediately with 
their Camp Equipage to St. John's, where they 
will receive Orders from Brigadier General 
Frazer. 



G. O. Chambleey 26th July, 1776. 

Parole — St. Thomas. C. S. — Canterbury. 

The Rebel Runaways not having dared to 
shew their Faces as Soldiers, have now taken the 
part of the vilest Assassins, and are lurking in 
small Parties to murder, if any single or unarmed 
Officer or Soldier may be passing the Roads, near 
the Woodside. 

Brigadier General Gordon was dangerously 
wounded yesterday by one of these infamous 
Skulkers, Precautions are taken to get intelli- 
gence of other Parties, and in order to be expe- 
ditious in the pursuit a Serjeant's Guard (which 
is quite sufficient to quell such an Enemy) is to 
be ready, distinct from the Picket in every Can- 
tonment. This Guard are not to take off their 
Accoutrements or Shoes in the Night, but are at 
all times to be prepared to turn out at the in- 
stant. 

The Person who commanded the Party which 
attacked General Gordon is Whitcomb of Con- 
necticut calling himself Lieutenant. He is 



Haddens Orderly Books, 237 

between 30 and 40 years of Age, to appearance 
near 6 feet high, rather thin than otherwise, 
light brown Hair tied behind, rough Face, not 
sure whether occasioned by the small Pox or not. 
He wears a kind of under Jacket without Sleeves, 
slash Pockets, leather Breeches, grey woolen or 
yarn Stockings, and Shoes. Hat flapped, a gold 
Cord tied round it. He had a Firelock, Blanket, 
Pouch and Powder Horn. 

Should he, or any of his Party, of the same 
nature, come within reach of our Men, it is 
hoped they will not honor them with Soldier's 
Deaths if they can possibly avoid it, but reserve 
them for due Punishment, which can only be 
efl^^cted by the Hangman. 

Such Regiments as are not expert in making 
Fascines are to send a proper portion of Com- 
missioned and Non Commissioned Officers to 
the Artillery Park, where that work will for 
some Days be going on. As soon as the Officers 
are instructed, the Regiments will practise under 
their Inspection some part of each Day. 

By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. 

G. O. Chamblee^ J^fy 2jth, 1776. 

Parole— ^t. Mark. C. S. — Venice. 

The Troops ordered to hold themselves in 
readiness to march in the Orders of the 24th of 



238 Hadden's Orderly Books. 

July, will take up their Quarters on Monday 
next. Where the Cantonments are not suffi- 
cient they will encamp. 

By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. 
G. O. Chamblee, July i^th, 1776. 

Parole— '^t. Cecilia. C. 5.— Milan. 

By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. 
G. O. Chamblee, July 29th, 1776. 

p^^c/^_St.Jude. C. 5.— Naples. 

The Prisoners taken on the 25th are to be 
conveyed by Water tomorrow to Sorel, under the 
Escort of an Officer, and twenty men of the ist 
Brigade, who will deliver them to the charge of 
the Commanding Officer there, and they are to 
be sent from thence on board a Transport for 
Quebec under the Escort of a Serjeant, and 12 
Men, which the Post of Sorel is to furnish. 
Two days' Provisions for the Prisoners, and 
four for the Escort, who are to return with the 
Coals from Sorel, are to be taken from hence. 
Provisions for the rest of the Passage will be 
furnished at Sorel. The Majors of Brigade, 
Orderly Officers &c are to attend for Orders 
tomorrow, and the day after upon Major 
General Phillips. 



Hadden s Orderly Books. 239 

By Major General Phillips. 

G. O. Chamblee, July 30th, 1776. 

Parole — St. Margaret. C. S. — Chester, 

The Guard lately given at St. Therese by 
Brigadier General Powel's Brigade is to be 
mounted by the Regiments now in Cantonments 
at St. Therese, but to consist only of a Serjeant, 
Corporal, and twelve Men. A Piquet of fatigue 
of 50 Men, with proper Officers, to attend every 
Day, and be assisting in loading and unloading 
Stores, and transporting Boats and Stores to St. 
John's. The Quarter Master General, and his 
Assistants, will inform the Commanding Officer 
at St. Therese of the particulars of these Duties. 

Report has been made of some Men having 
deserted from Lieutenant Colonel Maclean's 
Regiment The greatest attention is to be had 
in endeavouring to apprehend them by the Corps 
in the several Cantonments. 



G. O. Chamblee, 'July 31 J"/, 1776. Wednesday. 
Parole — Bernard. C S. — Brussels. 

G. O. ChambUe, 2na August, 1776. 

Parole — St. Anthony. C. S. — Hume. 



24.0 H addends Orderly Books, 

By Major General Phillips. 

Brigade Orders. 

The Commissary of Artillery is to go to Mont- 
real to fix upon proper Magazines and Store- 
houses to receive Powder, and such Stores as will 
be ordered there from the Transports, and a 
careful Conductor is to be placed there to take 
charge of them and see them safely lodged. 

All the Musquet Cartridges and Materials for 
making them are immediately to be sent up to 
Chamblee. 

As the Rain laying upon the surface of the 
Ground in Camp is extremely prejudicial to the 
Health of the men, drains are to be made (if 
possible) to carry it off, and if that cannot be 
easily effected. Major Williams will fix upon the 
driest Spots he can find in the neighbourhood of 
the Park, to remove any part of the Detachment 
to. A strict regularity in pitching the Tents 
must not be adhered to if by that means they are 
exposed to a damp Soil. 

The Carpenters &c of the Detachment are to 
be employed in collecting any materials to lay 
at the bottoms of the Tents, that may tend to 
keep the ground dry, and every possible means 
must be used for that end that can be devised. 



Haddens Orderly Books, 241 

By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. 
G. O. Chamblee, 3d August, 1776. 

Parole — St. Simon. C S. — Ludlow. 

By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. 
G. O. Chamblee, 4th August, 1776. 

Parole — St. Thomas. C. S. — Bedford. 

G. O. Chamblee^ August ^tli, ^77^- 

Parole — St. George. C. S. — Warwick. 

There is reason to believe there are skulking 
Parties of the Enemy still in the Woods, 

The Brigadiers will establish such Out-posts, 
and Patroles, as they may think necessary to 
preserve their respective Cantonments, and Com- 
munications with their neighbouring Corps free 
from a possibility of Insult. They will likewise 
order a proper part of the Piquet (which is to 
be formed in proportion to the strength of the 
Brigade) to be out at Nights. A Field Otficer 
of the Day is to do Duty in each Brigade, where 
there are three of that Rank present, otherwise 
that Duty is to be taken by the Captains. They 
are to visit the Out-posts, and the Patroles, to 
post the outlying Posts of the Piquet in the 
Evening, examine Prisoners and suspicious Per- 

31 



242 Hadderis Orderly Books, 

sons, and inspect all Duties within the Compass 
of their Cantonments, and report to the Brig- 
adier. The Parishes to be informed that every 
Person found out of his House after dark, unless 
employed upon the King's business will be 
taken up. 



G. O. Chamblee, August 6th, ^77^- 

Parole — St. Stephen. C. S. — Hanover. 

A Return to be given in from each Regiment 
immediately to Captain Gardner,/ Aid de 
Camp to Lieutenant General Burgoyne, of the 



_/7. Henry Farringdon Gardner, or 
Harrv Farrington Gardner, the name 
being found both ways in the Army 
Lists, entered the British army May aad, 
1761, as a cornet in the 1 6th (or the 
Queen's) regiment of (Light) Dragoons, 
of which Lt -Col. John Burgoyne, with- 
whom he participated in the Portuguese 
campaign of 1762, was commandant. 
He became a lieutenant June 8th, 1768, 
and the adjutant of his regiment on the 
20th of the next month. He was promoted 
to be captain-lieutenant and captain Nov. 
6th, 1772, and he obtained a troop of 
his own six years later He became an 
aid to Gen. Burgoyne when the latter 
was appointed to the American staff, 
and he went with his chief to Amer- 
ica in the spring of each year and re- 
turned with him in the autumn. Capt. 
Gardner accompanied Burgoyne upon 
the campaign of 1777 as far as Skenes- 
borough, whence he departed for England 
as bearer of despatches of that general's 
first successes. Sir Guy Carleton wrote 
Burgoyne from Quebec, July 24, 1777, 
as follows : — '' I received your letter of 



the 17th and the copy of that which 
you sent to the Secretary of State by 
Capt. Gardner, who arrived here the 
22d, and there being a ship held in 
readiness for him nothing prevented his 
sailing as soon as he thought proper, 
which was accordingly on the morning 
early of the 23d Ins't in one of the 
Victuallers of considerable force, and a 
remarkably fine sailer; so that he has all 
likelihood of an expeditious and safe 
passage, and certainly will be the first 
from Canada with the news of the prog- 
ress made by the Forces under your com- 
mand." The Royal George, armed 
transport, containing Capt. Gardner, ar- 
rived in England about the 22d of Au- 
gust, and thus this officer's connection 
with Burgoyne's campaign ceased. He 
became the major of the i6th Dragoons 
Sept. nth, 1781, and a lieut. -colonel in 
the army Nov. i8th, 1790. His name 
appears in the Army Lists for the last 
time in 1792. [B. H : K. 1134: H. 
G. 338 : M. G. lOI : J. L: O. 354: 
F. B. 620: J. H : J. L] 



Haddens Orderly Books. 24.3 

quantity of Ammunition in Store, specifying 
what number of Cartridges they have ready 
made up. 

G. O. Chamblee, August jth, 1776. 

Paroie — St. Jerome. C. S. — Paris. 

His Excellency General Carleton's Orders sent 
from Quebec August 4th. 

[Then follows Gen. Carleton's order of Aug. 4th, which has 
already been printed in Hadden's Journal, a«^(? page 7. Editor.'^ 

By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. 

G. O. 

The Physicians to the Army having represented 
that the following change in the Ration will be 
very essential towards the Healths of the Men, 
that half a Pound be taken off the Beef Ration, 
and a Quarter of a Pound of Rice be added in 
its place, the Commissaries will begin to deliver 
it out accordingly. 

G. O. Chamblee, August %th, 1776. 

Parole — St. Peter. C. 5.— London. 

Jacques Rois 1 

Louis de Rosier - of Yamarca. 

Joseph de Rosier ) 

Francois Poinir of Belloeil. 



244 Hadderi's Orderly Books. 

The abovenamed Prisoners having been ex- 
amined by a Commissary of PoHce, and found 
guilty of Disobedience of the Orders of their 
Captains of MiHce, and various other Offences 
proving them to be bad and dangerous Subjects, 
they are to be forthw^ith conducted to St. John's 
by a Serjeant's Guard, in order to be sent from 
thence by the first Opportunity to the Isle aux 
Noix where they are to be compelled to v/ovk. 
at the Fortifications during the Pleasure of the 
Commander in Chief. 

Aimable le Beau of St. Therese and Toussaint 
Lorrette of St. Charles having been convicted 
before the Commissary, the one of having been 
privy to the arrival of a Party of the Enemy 
without giving any Notice to the King's Troops, 
but on the contrary favouring and assisting the 
said Party, the other of having concealed a De- 
serter from the Army three Days in his House, 
changed Cloaths with him, and assisted his 
Escape, they are to be conducted at the same 
time to St. John's, in order to suffer the same 
punishment, but on account of the enormity of 
their Offences they are to be marched in Irons. 
The other Canadian Prisoners are to be released 
upon Promise of good Behaviour. These Orders 
are to be translated into French at each Canton- 
ment and circulated by the Captains of Militia. 

Every Regiment to demand of the Command- 
ing Officer of Artillery in Camp the Powder, 



Haddens Orderly Books, 245 

Ball, and Paper necessary to complete to one 
hundred Rounds a Man, which are to be directly 
made up, and are to be kept in Store by each 
Regiment with the greatest care. The Artillery 
will lend the Powder Barrels (which will be de- 
livered with Powder) to pack up Musquet Cart- 
ridges when made, but these Barrels are to be 
accounted for, or returned after the Campaign. 

The number each will hold, well put in, is 
nearly 2000 Cartridges. 

Whenever the Number of Cartridges of any 
Regiment is diminished by 15 Rounds a Man, a 
fresh demand is to be made, so as to keep the 
100 Rounds always complete. The Commanding 
Officer of each Regiment will sign the Demand, 
and the Officer who is sent with the Party, will 
give a Receipt for the Powder &c &c &c. 



By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. 

G. O. Chaniblee, August ()th, 1776. 

Parole— ^i. Christophers. C. 6".— Oxford. 

It cannot but give general Satisfaction to the 
Army to know that the whole Gang of Deserters 
from Colonel Maclean's Regiment, who sought 
to redeem their Pertidy to the Rebels, in whose 
cause they were once before engaged, by becom- 



246 H add en* 5 Orderly Books. 

ing a second time Traitors to their King, and 
their Lawful State, have been taken by the Out 
posts and are all in safe Custody, except one, who 
received too honorable a Death from the Firelock 
of one of his Guards, whom he attempted to 
murder after he was his Prisoner. It appears by 
Brigadier General Frazer's report, that the Con- 
duct of the Detachment employed in this Pursuit 
has been truly exemplary. Lieutenant General 
Burgoyne takes this occasion to express his fullest 
Approbation and Thanks to Lieutenant Nor- 
man/^ of the 20th Regiment who commanded 
it, and General Frazer will please to direct a 
Dollar to be given to each man of the Party, in 
consideration of the Activity, Perseverance, and 
Spirit with which they seconded those Principles 
in their Officer. 



G. O. Chamblee^ loth August^ ^77^- 

Parole — St. James. C. S. — Westminster. 

fm. Richard Norman began his mill- was exchanged Sept. 3, 1781, and 

tary service Feb. 22, 1771, as an ensign returned to England. At the peace of 

in the 20th Foot, which was then at 1783, when the additional companies 

Gibraltar, where it remained until 1774. were reduced, he went upon half-pay 

He was promoted to be a lieutenant Feb. from July 30, 1783, as a captain, though 

24, 1775, and he accompanied his regi- the Army Lists do not give the date of 

ment to Canada in the spring of 1776. his captain's commission. He remained 

The next year he served through Bur- upon half-pay as long as his name is 

goyne's carr.paign, and was included in borne upon the Army Lists, it appearing 

the Saratoga Convention, his name be- for the last time in 1837. [B. H : K. 

ing signed to the Cambrige Parole. He J. 64.] 



Hadciens Orderly Books, 247 

By Major General Phillips. 

Brigade Orders. Chamblee, wth August^ ^77^- 

Captain Carter will move to the hie aux Noix^ 
two heavy 12 Pounders, and four medium 12 
Pounders, with the four Six Pounders, and two 
Royal Howitzers, which last six Pieces of Artil- 
lery are to form part of the Brigade with Briga- 
dier General Frazer's Corps. 

These Guns to be posted for the Defence of 
the Island and the passage of the River at the 
Ordersof the Brigadier General. The 12 Pound- 
ers to have each one hundred Rounds of Round 
Shot, 50 Rounds of Grape Shot, with a proper 
proportion of Stores. The 6 Pounders double 
that proportion. 

The Royal Howitzers 50 Case Shot, 100 
Shells, 80 Shells to be fixed for Service, and the 
Fuzes cut, 50 for 600 yards, 30 for 300 yards, 
20 to remain empty for occasional Service. 

Half Captain Carter's Company to move to 
the Isle au Noix^ the rest to be at St. John's. 

After Brigade Orders. 

Major Williams will order a Practice with a 
Medium 12 Pounder, a Light 6 Pounder, a light 
3 Pounder, an 8 Inch Howitzer, and two Mor- 
tars at the Battery, to begin tomorrow, and to 



24-8 Hadden's Orderly Books. 

continue all the week, Morning and Evening. 
As it is possible this will be the only Practice 
before the Companies separate, it is to be carried 
on with great attention, and to be practice for 
Service and not Experiment ; and it is intended 
to make the Officers and Men perfect in the use 
and ready manageing the Artillery in the Field. 
In the course of the week an Experiment will 
be made to fire Royal Shells from 24 Pounder 
Guns ; the Mortars are to be fixed at small 
Ranges, and each Day a fixed quantity of 
Powder, by which from the different Ranges 
may be formed a mean Range of each Day's 
Practice. The latter part of the week will be 
firing of Grape Shot. 



G. O. ChambUe, August \ \th, 1776. 

Parole — St Lawrence. C. S. — Bristol. 

A Serjeant and 20 Men from the first Brigade 
to attend at the Fort tomorow Morning at 5 
o'clock, and take the Orders of Captain Laws. 
They are to have Provisions for the Day with 
them, and will be, as a Working Party, allowed 
Grog. This to continue till Orders to the con- 
trary. 

Any British Regiment having Bricklayers, are 
to send them to St. John's, directly to Major 
Gordon's chief Engineer. 



Hadden^s Orderly Books. 249 

G. O. Chamblee^ August \ith^ ^77^- 

Parole— ^t. Ours. C. 5.— Dublin. 

The 62nd Regiment will hold themselves in 
readiness to cover the Works at St. John's, and 
when General Frazer's Brigade is removed, will 
take up the most convenient part of their 
Ground ; a Detachment of the Brunswick 
Troops will encamp on the Plain lower down 
the River. The Quarter Master General will 
give them their Ground. These Corps will 
furnish Working Parties in proportion to their 
Numbers. 

A Company from each Regiment of the first 
Brigade to parade on Wednesday Morning at 7 
o'clock on the Shore opposite their Cantonments 
with their Camp Equipage and Officers requisite 
Baggage. Boats will be ready to receive them, 
and they will exercise upon the Water. The 
design of this Order is to ascertain the number 
of Boats necessary for the whole Army. The 
Companies are therefore to be chosen from such 
as are complete in Officers, and whose numbers 
of Rank and File square with those of the Regi- 
ment at large. 

By Major General Phillips. 
B. O. Chamblee, 12th August y 177^. 

Twelve light ammunition Carts are to be im- 
32 



250 Hadderi's Orderly Books. 

mediately made ; Six for three Pounders, and 
Six for Royal Howitzers. 



G. O. Chamblee, August iT^thy 1776. 

Parole— ^i. Denis. C. S. - Carlisle. 



By Major General Phillips. 

B. O. Chamblee^ August i^^thy 1776. 

The following Disposition will take place for 
the Artillery for the Campaign. 

f 12 Pounders Medium. 4 

Captain Carter's J 6 do Light. 4 

Brigade. 1 Howitzers | 8 Inch. 4 

5i do. 4 



Captain Borthwick's ( • d ^ t • u.. 

„ . r, , , 16 Pounders Lieht, 4 

Brigade attached to the ^ .& t 

RightWing of the Army. 



Captain Mitchelson's f 

Brigade attached to the < 6 Pounders Light. 4 
Left Wing of the Army. [ 

Captain Walker's Brig- f 6 Pounders Light. 4 

ade detached with Briga- < 3 do do. 4 

dierGen. Eraser's Corps. ( Howitzers 5^ Inch. 2 



Haddens Orderly Books, 251 



The heavy Artillery for the service will be 
communicated in particular to Major Williams. 

Captain Walker with his Company complete, 
to march tomorrow Se'night to join Brigadier 
General Frazer's Corps. First Lieutenant Dun- 
bar is to be added to Captain Walker's Company 
for the Campaign. 

Captain Mitchelson's Brigade to be composed 
of two Subalterns, and a Detachment of two non- 
commissioned Officers, and eight men from 
Williams', Carter's, and Captain Borthwick's 
Companies : Lieutenant Dysart,/" and the young- 
est Lieutenant of Captain Carter's Company for 
this Brigade. 

Captain Borthwick will have his own Com- 
pany with Lieutenant Barnes/" added to it for 
the Campaign for his Brigade. 



/n. Richard Dysart entered the Royal 
Artillery as a lieutenant-fireworker Nov. 
I, 1762 ; and he was promoted to be a 2d 
lieutenant Jan. 1, 1771, a 1st lieutenant 
Dec. 18, 1777, a capt. -lieutenant Dec. 
3. I779» ^""^ ^ captain Feb. 14, 1786. 
He served in the artillery during the 
Burgoyne invasion, but, as his name is 
not signed to the Cambridge Parole, wc 
have no means of ascertaining whether he 
served through that campaign. In 1779 
his name appears on the list of officers 
serving in America under the command 
of Sir Henry Clinton. March i, 1794, 
he was made a major in the army; was 
invalided for home duty Oct. 13, i', 93; 
entered the Invalid Battalion of the 
Royal Artillery Oct. 2, 1795; and died 
Feb. 5, 1797. [G. U: H. B.] 



fo. John Barnes became a gentleman 
cadet at the Royal Military ."Vcademy 
at Woolwich. August 16, 1760. 
He was comnissioned a lieutenant fire- 
worker August 5, 1761, and assigned to 
the First Battalion of the Royal Ar- 
tillery. He became a 2d lieutenant 
Jan I, 1771, and a ist lieutenant 
Sept. 8, 1774, and served in North Amer- 
ica. He subsequently went to Canada, 
and on the 8th of Sept., 1776, Sir Guy 
Carleton appointed him an assistant 
quartcr-master-general to the army there. 
He crossed Lake Champlain with Bur- 
govne's expedition in 1777, but took 
little part in it, as he belonged to the 
detachment that was left to garrison 
Ticonderoga ; and after leaving that fort- 
ress he served in Canada. He became 



252 Hadden^s Orderly Books, 

Captain Carter's Brigade to consist of his own 
Company, and Major Williams'. 

Major Williams commands the whole wher- 
ever he happens to be, but he will be par- 
ticularly attached to the Artillery of the Park. 

Whenever Detachments are made it will be 
by Brigades, Divisions, or Subdivisions of Bri- 
gades, as the Service may require, but the Officers 
and Men are to be attached as they are now 
Brigaded till furthers Orders. 

Whenever the Service of heavy Artillery re- 
quires Detachments of Officers and Men, they 
will be taken by Divisions and Subdivisions of 
Brigades, and it is to be observed that none of 
these detached Duties will be done by Roster ; 
but the Officers and Men taken in the manner 
before mentioned, as the only method by which 
the Service can be carried on with Propriety and 
Precision. 

Captains Commanding Brigades will take care 
that their Subalterns and noncommissioned Offi- 
cers are perfectly acquainted with every part 
which concerns them. 

a capt. -lieutenant July 7, 1779, and a one of its second lieut. -colonels. Hebe- 
captain Dec. I, 1782, his being No. 8 came a colonel in the army April 29, 
Company, 3d Battalion, now <' D " 1802, and in the artillery Sept. 12, 1803, 
Battery, 4th Brigade. He was promoted when he was transferred to the Invalid 
to be major Aug. 14, 1794, and lieut.- Battalion. He was commissioned a 
colonel March 6, 1795 } and on the major-general Oct. 25, 1809, and he 
formation of the 6th Battalion of the died at Bath, April 30, 1810. [B. H : 
Royal Regiment of Artillery, he was made G. U : C. Z. 225, 411 : F. E. 43 ] 



Haddens Orderly Books. 253 

Captain Walker will exercise his Company 
every Day with the 3 Pounders which have 
Shafts, in the Mounting, Dismounting, and carry- 
ing of them, and in every other particular for 
which they are intended. 

Proportion of Ammunition. 

Round. Case. Shells. 

12 Pounders Medium. 120. 80. 

6 do Light. 120. 80. 

3 do do. 220. 80. 

,^ . (8 Inch. 40- ^o- 

Howitzers | ^^ ^^^ ^o 100. 

A Proportion equal to this to form a Reserve 
which will be carried in the Radeaux with the 
heavy Artillery. 

A Proportion also equal to this to be lodged 
at St. John's as a Depot. 

Major Williams will take care that the Pro- 
portion of Laboratory, and other Stores, and 
every Particular necessary to compose the Pro- 
portion of Ammunition &c &c &c for the 
Brigades, for the Reserve, and for the Depot, is 
prepared as soon as possible. 

Two Conductors of Stores to be attached to 
Captain Carter's Brigade, and two to Captain 
Walker's Brigade, one Conductor to Captain 
Borthwick's, and one to Captain Mitchelson's 
Brigade. 



2 54 Hadden's Orderly Books. 

One ammunition Cart to be for each light 
Gun and Royal Howitzer. 

The Medium 12 Pounders and 8 Inch How- 
itzers, one Ammunition Waggon each. 

A number of entrenching Tools equal to two 
Waggon Loads to be sent with Captain Walker's 
Brigade; the remainder with the Park of Ar- 
tillery. 

Particular Orders will be given relating to 
the Powder, Musquet Shot, Musket Cartridges, 
Paper, 6cc &c &c. 

The Commissary will take care that all 
materials in his Department are taken upon the 
Lakes. 



G. O. Chamblee^ August \A^th, 1776. 

Parole — St. Denis. C «S.— Liverpool. 

Any British Regiments having Brickmakers, 
are ordered to send them forthwith to Major 
Blomefield at Major General Phillips Quarters 
at Chamblee. 



G. O. Chamblee, 15th August, 1776. 

Paroie — St. Croix. C. S. — Denmark. 



Hadderi^s Orderly Books. 255 

G. O. Chamblee, August itthy 1776. 

Parole— St. Martin. C. 6'.— Holland. 

The Commanding Officers will go round the 
Cantonments of their respective Regiments, to 
see what arrangement can be made to accommo- 
date the Inhabitants with room for their Crops 
of Corn, after their Harvest, and when Corn 
cannot be lodged in Barns, without moving the 
Troops, those Troops must encamp. 

The Commanding Officers of Regiments will 
make a Report to their Brigadier Generals. 



G. O. Chamblee, ijth August ^ ^77^- 

Parole — St. Barnabas. (\ S. — Flanders. 

The preservation of Health in all Armies and 
in all Countries, depends so obviously upon 
Cleanliness and dry Lodging, that hitherto it has 
been thought superfluous to give any particular 
Orders upcm that subject, but the Reports of the 
medicinal Gentlemen now make it necesssary to 
call upon the Commanding Officers of Corps to 
establish and enforce a diligent Inspection into 
those two essential Circumstances. 

Where the Men lie in Barns, care is to be 
taken that proper Drains are opened to carry off 
any Wet, that may penetrate, and if Damp still 



256 Hadderi's Orderly Books, 

remains, Hurdles are to be provided for the men 
to lie upon. When the men lodge in Tents, 
Hurdles are on no occasion to be omitted. 

New and convenient Necessaries are to be 
made in the Rear of every Cantonment and 
Encampment every Week, and the old ones 
filled up ; at least six Inches depth of Earth 
should also be thrown into the Necessaries in 
use every Morning. 

If after these Regulations any Man is found 
to contribute to the Filth of the Neighbourhood, 
and unwholesomeness of the Air, by neglecting 
to make use of those Necessaries he is to be 
punished severely. These Orders to be read to 
every Company repeatedly by a Noncommis- 
sioned Officer, and the necessity of them, with 
regard to Health, impressed upon them. 



By Major General Phillips. 

G. O. Chamblee, i8th August, 1776. 

Parole. — St. David. C. S. — Germany. 

It being observed that the usual and common 
Centinels of the Camp and Cantonments demand 
at night the Countersign of those, who pass 
their Posts, which if practised, the ordinary 
Communications between Regiments, and the 



Haddens Orderly Books. 257 

Intercourse of the Cantonments would be inter- 
rupted, it is directed that the Centinels upon 
Common Posts of Camp or Cantonments, upon 
Challenging, who goes there, suffer any who 
answer, A Friend, to pass. 

This does not affect Parties in Arms, who 
may become subject to an Examination and 
Alarm. The Countersign is demanded upon 
out Posts, advanced Piquets, Detached Guards, or 
Patroles, which are posted round, or in Front, 
Flanks, or Rear of the Army, to preserve Com- 
munications and prevent Surprize. 

The Centinels of such Posts are never to suffer 
any Person to pass without giving the Counter- 
sign, and are to be in every respect alert. At 
these Posts, Centinels should be frequently 
doubled, sometimes three Men, Centinels together, 
as a Security where the Enemy is suspected to 
be near, and in these situations there ought to 
be no Interruption, and therefore the demanding 
the Countersign, becomes necessary for Intelli- 
gence and Security. 

The 2ist Regiment will send 60 men to the 
Portage with Officers tomorrow morning at 5 
o'clock to assist in drawing Long Boats through 
the Rapids. Lieutenant Harrington will be 
there to inform what is to be done. 

The first Brigade to send a Non-commissioned 
Officer and 20 men with Lieutenant Harrington 

33 



258 Haddens Orderly Books, 

tomorrow morning at 5 o'clock, towards St. 
Therese, to clear the side of the River from 
Bushes. They are to carry Hand-Bills, and 
Hand Hatchets with them. 



By Major General Phillips. 
G. O. Chamblee, August 19th, 1776. 

Parole — St. Andrew. C. S. — Poland. 

By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. 

G. O. Chamblee, 20th August, ijjd. 

Parole — St. Aubins. C. S. — Gibraltar. 

The 9th Regiment to hold themselves in 
readiness to march on Thursday next to 
take up the Ground at St. Therese, lately occu- 
pied by the 62nd Regiment. A return of 
the Carts necessary for the removal to be sent to 
the Quarter Master General this Evening, that 
they may be furnished separately, and without 
interfering with the other Services. All Regi- 
ments who have the use of Batteaux for exercise 
are to endeavour to provide, in their Quarters, 
two Planks for each Batteau to be fitted with 
Cross Pieces to prevent slipping, and to serve as 
Gang-Boards, and the Men are to be practised 
every Day, to embark and disembark methodi- 



Hadden's Orderly Books. 259 

cally and expeditiously with their Knapsacks and 
Haversacks. When the embarkation is made 
the Gang-Boards are to be placed along each side, 
and as large a proportion of Men, as can sit 
without interrupting the Rowers, are to be seated 
upon them fore and aft, and are to be practised 
to give their fire broadside. 

One cross Bench at each end of the Boat, be- 
fore or behind the Rowers, as may be most con- 
venient, to be filled with Men, who are to give 
their fire fore and aft. 



By General Carleton. 

G. O. Chamblee, 21st August, 1776. 

Parole— ^t. Charles. C. *S.— Turkey. 

The 2ist Regiment is to be attached to the 
first Brigade commanded by Brigadier General 
Nesbitt. The 62nd Regiment to the 2nd Bri- 
gade commanded by Brigadier General Powel, 
and the 29th Regiment, though not at present 
fixed to any Brigade, is to hold itself in readiness 
for Employment upon the shortest notice. 

By Major General Phillips. 

Brigade Orders. 

The Subaltern's Guard to be discontinued this 
Day, and for the future the Quarter Guard is to 



26o HadderCs Orderly Books, 

consist of 2 noncommissioned Officers and 12 
Men ; four Centinels are to be posted viz't, One 
on the Laboratory, One on the Commanding 
Officer, One on the Camp Colors, and one on 
the Front of the Park Line and Guard. 

Any Wheelers, Carpenters, Turners, or Tin- 
men, as are to be found in the Detachment of 
the Royal Artillery, are to be immediately 
ordered to work with the Ordnance Artificers, 
and are to apply to Sayers for Directions. 

Captain Walker's Company is not to march 
to St. John's till Friday morning next. 



G. O. Chamblee, 22nd of August, 1776. 

Parole — St. Thomas. C. S. — America. 

A general Court Martial is to sit on Monday 
next, the 26th Listant, to try the Deserters from 
Lieutenant Colonel Maclean's Corps, and any 
other Prisoners that may be brought before it. 

Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton of the 21st 
Regiment, Majors Sutherland /}J and Bolton /;? 

ff. See Appendix 22. 1764; and major May 31, 1773. ^°^ 

more than 25 years he served in the 9th 

fq. Mason Bolton, a native of Dublin, Foot, during which term he thrice ac- 

Ireland, was commissioned as ensign in companied it to America, the last time, 

the 9th Foot, Jan. 5, 1750-51, and was after the breaking out of the American 

promoted to a lieutenancy Oct. 2, 1755. Revolution ; that regiment being des- 

He became the quarter-master of his patched to Canada in the spring of 1776. 

regiment Feb, 1 1, 1756 J capt. -lieutenant Nov. nth of that year. Major Bolton 

July 31, 1762; a captain March 23, was made the lieut. -colonel of the 8th, 



Haddens Orderly Books. 261 

and two Captains from each of the six Regiments 
at St. Therese, Belloeil and Chamblee, are to 
compose the members. 



Lieutenant Duport/'* of the 47th Regiment 
is appointed Assistant Quarter Master General. 



or King's Regiment of Foot«, then gar- 
risoning the Canadian outposts on the 
Lakes, and he made his headquarters at 
Niagara. He wrote to Gen. Haldimand 
from Niagara, under date of Sept. 30, 
1780, as follows : '* I am now not well, 
and am convinced when the cold 
weather sets in 1 shall again be confined 
with the same complaints, which will 
put it out of my power to attend to any 
business. I therefore request your Ex- 
cellency's permission to return to Canada 
as soon as possible, for here I cannot get 
that advice and many other things nec- 
essary for me in my best state of health."' 
In compliance with this request, leave of 
absence was granted him, and early in 
November of that year, he, with a num- 
ber of other officers and soldiers, took 
passage on the schooner Ontario from 
Niagara for Carleton Island, on his way 
to Quebec to embark for England. A gale 
of wind rising soon after the vessel sailed, 
caused her to founder, and all on board 
perished. 3 Serjeant Lamb, in his Me- 
moir of his own Life, p. 67, thus refers to 
this officer: "The author cherishes an 
interest for the honoured memory ot 
this gentleman, of whom the reader may 
be inclined to receive some particular 
account. Major Bolton was born in the 
city of Dublin, commenced his military 
life very young, and served with ability 
in the years 1759, 1760, 1761, and 
1762, He held the rank of captain 
in the 9th regiment of foot, for seven- 
teen years before he obtained a majority. 
Having fought under him in Canada, 



during the entire campaign of 1776, I 
had opportunities of witnessing his gal- 
lantry and worth. About the end of that 
year he *as promoted to the lieut. -col- 
onelcy of the 8th foot, at that time on 
service in Detroit and Niagara 5 and 
having taken the command accordingly, 
he was as usual, distinguished tor spirit, 
talent, and the attachment of the men. 
Soon after his being appointed Colonel, 
lamented by the army and all who knew 
him, he was unfortunately drowned in 
the lakes while coming down to Mont- 
real. Too much could not be said in 
praise of Col. Bolton, estimating him in 
his profession or in society. With all 
the intrepidity and ardour of the military 
character, he possessed the most honour- 
able mind and benevolent heart." ['B. 
H. ^T. K 475, 494. JH. O. 24.] 

fr. Robert Duport was commissioned 
Sept. 15, 1759, as an ensign in the 47th 
Foot, then serving in America. Sept. I, 
1 77 1, he was promoted to a lieutenancy ; 
Aug. 2Z, 1776, while in Canada, 
he was appointed an assistant quarter- 
master-general ; and he became the 
captain-lieutenant of the 47th, Aug. 3, 
1781. Dec. 26, 1787, he exchanged 
into the 28th Foot; and May 31st 
following, he exchanged again, this time 
into the 20th Foot. He seems to have 
got no higher than the rank of captain, 
and his name appears in the Army Lists 
for the last time in 1792. [B. H : E. 
Z.] 



262 Haddens Orderly Books. 

G. O. Chamblie, lyd August, 1776. 

Parole. — St. Philips. C. S. — Scotland. 

Lieutenant Alexander Frazer of the 9th Regi- 
ment is appointed to act as Judge Advocate at 
the General Court Martial to be held on 
Monday the 26th Instant, as yesterday given out 
in Orders. 

G. O. ChambUe^ z^th of August , 1776. 

Parole — St. Quentin. C. S. — Ireland. 

All the British Regiments are to send imme- 
diately to the Deputy Adjutant General, the 
names of their Chaplains, specifying whether 
present or absent, and if absent, whether they 
have Deputies, and their Names, and what 
allowance is made to them. 

G. O. Chamblee, 25th August, 1776. 

Parole — St. Paul. C S. — Sweden. 

G. O. Chamblee, 26th August, 1776. 

Parole — St. Catherine. C S. — Florence. 



Hadden's Orderly Books, 263 

G. O. Chamblie, i^th August, 1776. 

Parole — St. Magdalen. C. S. — Rome. 

The Surgeons of the different Regiments are 
to send to Doctor Kennedy at Chamblee, In- 
spector of the Regimental Hospitals, a List of 
their Sick, specifying their Names, Regiments, 
and Diseases. 

G. O. Chamblee, 28th August, 1776. 

Parole — St. Mary. C. S. — Spain. 

G. O. Chamblee, August 29th, 1776. 

Parole — St. Agnes. C. 6'. — Portugal. 

In the next weekly State of the Brigades, Com- 
panies which may happen to be detached are 
notwithstanding to be returned in their Battalions. 
The weekly State of the Brigades must in future 
be sent separate to the Commander in Chief, 
Lieutenant General, and Major General. 

The Order of the 8th Instant for completing 
100 rounds a Man of Musket Cartridges should 
by this time be perfected. It is therefore di- 
rected that small Barrels, or well secured Boxes 
covered with painted Canvass, be provided by 
each Regiment, to pack these Cartridges very 
carefully, and secure them against Damp. 



264 HadderCs Orderly Books. 



As the keeping the Regimental Ammunition 
in good Order is of the most essential con- 
sequence, it is hoped and expected that the 
utmost attention be observed in this particular. 

The Regiments will be reimbursed such Ex- 
pences as may be incurred on this occasion. 

Colonel Vangall of His Serene Highness the 
Prince of Hesse's Regiment is appointed to act 
as a Brigadier General. 

Major Carleton, Captain in the 20th Regi- 
ment is appointed Lieutenant Colonel to the 
29th, in the room of Lieutenant Colonel Gor- 
don, deceased. 

Captain Lieutenant Bolton Power.A of the 
20th Regiment is appointed Captain of a Com- 



fs. Thomas Bolton Power, or Bol- 
ton Power, as he was sometimes called, 
was descended in the fifth generation 
from Sir Henry Power, Knt., who was 
Master of the Horse in Ireland under 
Queen Elizabeth, and whose wife, a Miss 
Bullen, was related to her Majesty. Bol- 
ton Power's father was Thomas Power, 
captain in the Battle Axe Guards, 
and his mother was Sarah, a daughter 
of Capt. John Bolton of Co. Kilkenny. 
He was the youngest of three sons, and 
was born at Killmurray, Co. Wicklow, 
Ireland, Sept. 4, 1735. He entered the 
army as an ensign in the 20th Foot, Sept. 
26, 1757, and accompanied his regiment 
to Germany, where he participated in 
the famous jjattle of Minden, in 1759. 
He became a lieutenant Aug. 26th of that 
year j and, though a lieutenant, yet he ap- 
pears by the Army List of 1764, and 



those of the four following years, to have 
served as an ensign for that period, his 
company probably having been an ad- 
ditional one that was reduced at the peace 
of 1763, and Lieut. Bolton preferring 
active service as an ensign, to going on 
half-pay as a'lieutenant. After the 20th 
Foot left Germany, at the peace of 1763, 
it was stationed for six years at Gibraltar, 
whence it returned home in 1770. 
Lieut. Bolton was promoted to be a capt.- 
lieutenant March 2, 1776; and in the 
spring of that year he accompanied his 
regiment to Canada and served under 
Gen. Carleton. Whether he served 
with his regiment the next year under 
Burgoyne we have no means of knowing, 
as we find no mention of him during that 
period. He was connected with the 
20ih Foot until the latter part of 1785, 
or the early part of 1786, when he ex- 



Hadden's Orderly Books, 265 

pany in the same Regiment in the room of 
Major Carleton, and Lieutenant Alexander 
Frazer is appointed Captain Lieutenant in the 
room of Captain Bolton Power. 



G. O. ChambUe, August 30M, 1776. 

Parole — St. Lucia. C. S. — Naples. 

The Commander in Chief approves of the 
proceedings of the general Court Martial, 
whereby Ensign Power/^ of the 24th Regiment 
is acquitted of the Crime laid to his Charge, and 
three Soldiers of the Royal Emigrants tried on 
suspicion of intending to desert, are likewise 
acquitted. The General Court Martial is dis- 
solved. 



G. O. Chamblee, August 31st, 1776. 

Parole — St. Joseph. C. S. — Isle aux Noix. 



changed into the 95th Foot on halt-pay ; 
and he continued a half-pay captain dur- 
ing the remainder of his life, his retire- 
ment from active service being ne- 
cessitated by his eye sight becoming im- 
paired. He died at Greenwich Nov. 9, 
1801, leaving descendants. His son, Sir 
Manly Power, became a K. C. B., a 
lieut. general of the Forces, and lieut.- 
governor of Malta. [B. H : B. T : E. 
B. 1062.] 

34 



ft. James Power was commissioned 
an ensign in the Z4th Foot March 28, 
1775, and this seems to have been his 
only commission, as he appears in the 
Army Lists last in 1782, and scill as an 
ensign. He accompanied his regiment 
to Canada in the spring of 1776, and 
served under Sir Guy Carleton during 
that campaign. He was with Burgoyne 
the next year and was included in that 
officer's surrender, his name appearing on 
the Cambridge Parole. [B. H.] 



266 Haddens Orderly Books. 

G. O. Chamblee, ist September, 1776. 

Parole — St. Benedict. C. S. — Sorel. 

Ensign Joseph Stavely/" of the 9th Regiment 
is appointed a Lieutenant in the same, in the 
room of Lieutenant Alexander Frazer promoted ; 
and George Clarges late Volunteer in the 34th 
Regiment to be Ensign in the 9th Regiment in 
the room of Joseph Stavely. 

G. O. Chamblee, 2nd September, 1776. 

Parole — St. Hubert. C. S. — Montreal. 

Chamblee, 3rd September, 1776. 

[The page is left blank after the date, in the Orderly Book. 
Editor.'] 

St. John's. After Orders by 

Major General Phillips, September 5th, 
half after 6 at night. 

C. *S.— Albany. 

An Armed Boat will be advanced towards the 
Post, called Montgomery's Battery, on board of 

fu. Joseph Stevelly entered the goyne's expedition, and he was wounded 
British army as an ensign in the 9th in Lieut. -Col. Hill's attack on Fort Ann, 
Foot Jan. I, 1774. He accompanied his July 9, 1777. He was included in Bur- 
regiment to Canada in the spring of 1776, goyne's surrender, his name being al- 
and was promoted to a lieutenancy Sept. tached to the Cambridge Parole ; and it 
I in that year, though his commission appears in the Army Lists for the lait 
bore date only from Dec. 19, 1776. time in 178 1. [B. H : G. V. 175] 
He accompanied his regiment upon Bur- 



Haddens Orderly Books, 267 

which will be an Officer, should any Rebel ap- 
pear, a Gun will be fired three times from the 
armed Boat, which will be repeated from Major 
General Phillips Tent ; on firing the last signal 
Guns, the Regiments will immediately strike 
their Tents, leaving them on the Ground, and 
will form under Arms. 

The 62nd occupying the Ground between the 
two Redoubts facing towards the Wood outwards 
from the River ; the 9th Regiment will march 
3 Companies into the lower Redoubt, and will 
post the remaining part of the Regiment as a 
Flank to the 62nd, facing towards the Road of 
Chamblee, forming within the Angle of the 
Redoubt. 

The2ist Regiment will march two Companies 
into the upper Redoubt, and will post the re- 
maining four as a Flank to the 62nd Regiment, 
facing towards the Wood leading to the Isle aux 
Noix, forming within the inner Angle of the 
Redoubt. 

The Artillery will be posted close to the 
Redoubts, and on the Front and Flanks of the 
Troops, the out-Posts will maintain their sit- 
uation, should they be attacked, as long as 
possible, and then retire so as to march through 
the Intervals of the 62nd, and the two Regiments 
on the Flanks, by which means the Fronts of 
the whole will be kept clear, and the Picquets in 



268 Hadden's Orderly Books, 

Retiring will not be in Danger of being fired 
upon, as the Regiments will take care not to 
fire till the Piquets are safe. The 62nd takes 
the duty of the Night, and is to post a Captain, 
two Subalterns, and 60 Men on the left of the 
Camp, at the Entrance of the Road, leading to 
the Isle aux Noix. 

A Subaltern and 20 Men to be detached to 
relieve the Subaltern of the 21st, and a Serjeant 
and 1 2 Men to be advanced still forward to 
Montgomery's Battery. A Captain, two Sub- 
alterns, and 60 Men for the Right to be posted 
near the Rebel Battery, on the high Ground, 
who will detach a Subaltern and 20 Men to the 
Road leading to Chamblee, from which a Ser- 
jeant and 6 Men will be within hearing of what 
may happen at the Camp of Brunswicks, which 
has Orders to dispute their Post, but if forced to 
retire are to do it by their Left to St. Johns. An 
Officer and 20 men to be posted within the Line 
of Shipbuilding who will keep a constant Patrole, 
to prevent any attempt to burn or destroy the 
Craft there, and in case of Alarm this Guard to 
continue there posted. 

A Subaltern and 20 Men to be posted in each 
Redoubt, but upon being relieved upon an Alarm, 
are to join their Regiment. 

The remaining part of the 62nd to remain 
under Arms in the Centre of the Ground, be- 



Hadden*s Orderly Books. 269 



tween the two Redoubts facing to the Wood ; 
the detached Posts are considered as Posts of 
Intelligence, but are not however to retire unless 
severely pressed, and are then to do it upon the 
Posts of the Captains, who are to observe the 
Orders already mentioned. 

Lieutenant Colonel Anstruther, and Major 
Harnage.A" being Field Officers upon the Picquet 



f-v. Henry Harnage came of a very 
ancient family, which, it is said, held a 
high rank in the county of Salop, Eng- 
land, as far back as the time of Edward 
in, A. D. 1330. His grandfather was 
John Harnage, a colonel of marines, 
who was killed at the battle of Almanza, 
in Spain, in 1707, and whose fifth son 
was the father of this sketch. Hrnry 
Harnage was the only son of Henry and 
Anne (South) Harnage, and was born 
Oct. 10, 1739.' He was commissioned 
an ensign in the Fourth, or the King's 
Own Foot, June 7, 1756, and was pro- 
moted to be a lieutenant Sept. 29, 1757. 
The second battalion of the Fourth Foot, 
in which Lieut. Harnage was serving, 
was renumbered in 1758, then becoming 
the 62d Foot, and hence, subsequent 
thereto, that became the designation of 
his regiment. He served in the Caribbee 
Islands with his corps, in which he be- 
came a captain May 4, 1767, and major 
Dec. 21, 1775. He became a lieut. -col- 
onel in the army Nov. 17, 1780, and the 
lieut. -colonel of the 104th Foot, iMarch 
18, 1782. He must have left the army 
late in that, or early in the following 
year, as his name appears in the Army 
Lists for the last time in 1782.* 

Major Harnage accompanied the 62d 
to Canada in the spring of 1776, where 
he served under Gen. Carleton ; and the 
next year he took part in Burgoync's 



expedition. He was twice wounded; 
once on the 19th of September, at Free- 
man's Farm, and again, October 7th, at 
Bemus' Heights. 3 Madame Riedesel in 
speaking of the affair of Sept. 19th, thus 
writes in her Journal : — " I saw a great 
number of wounded, and what was still 
more harrowing, they even brought three 
of them into the house where I was. 
One of these was Major Harnage, the 
husband of a lady of our company; an- 
other, a lieutenant, whose wife, also, was 
of our acquaintance; and the third a 
young English officer of the name of 
Ycung. Major Harnage, with his wife, 
lived in a room next to mine. He had 
received a shot through the lower part of 
the bowels, from which he suffered ex- 
ceedingly." Again in describing Gen. 
Fraser's wound on the 7th of October, she 
alludes to Major Harnage in this wise : — 
" The ball had gone through his bowels, 
precisely as in the case of Major Harnage. 
Unfortunately, however, the general had 
eaten a hearty breakfast, by reason of 
which the intestines were distended, and 
the ball, so the surgeon said, had not 
gone, as in the case of Major Harnage, 
between the intestines, but through 
them." One would hardly suppose that 
a man shot through the bowels as Major 
Harnage is said to have been — escaping 
death, as it were, by a miracle — could 
recover so rapidly as to be on duty agaia 



270 Hadden's Orderly Books. 

of this Night, will make frequent Visitations of 
their Posts. The Carleton Armed Vessel, and 
the Armed Boats under the command of Cap- 
tain Dacres, will support on the Water the 
Operations of the Troops. The three Regiments 
will take up their Ground, tomorrow, as soon as 
the Camp Equipage of the 9th and 21st arrives. 
The 9th will encamp on the Right, the 21st on 
the Left, and the 62nd in the Centre, and will 



eighteen days after. Be that as it may, 
however, he was reported as again wounded 
in the action of Oct. yth. 

Madame Riedesel affords us another 
glimpse of this officer, for she thus 
writes ot Burgoyne's retreat on the night 
of Oct. 8th : — " The order had gone 
forth that the army should break up 
after the burial" (of Gen Fraser),"and 
the horses were already harnessed to our 
calashes. I did not wish to set out be- 
fore the troops. The wounded Major 
Harnage, although he was so ill, dragged 
himself out of bed, that he might not 
remain in the hospital, which was left 
behind protected by a flag of truce. As 
soon as he observed me in the midst of 
the danger, he had my children and 
maid servants put into the calashes, and 
intimated to me that I must immediately 
depart. As I still begged to be allowed 
to remain, he said to me, ' well, then 
your children at least must go, that I 
may save them from the slightest dan- 
ger.' He understood how to take ad- 
vantage of my weak side. I gave it up, 
seated myself inside with them, and we 
drove off at eight o'clock in the even- 
ing."-* 

Mrs. Harnage accompanied her hus- 
band on his American campaign ; and 
two of his letters, which have come 
down to us, afford gratifying testimony of 
the pleasant relations that existed be- 



tween some of Burgoyne's officers, and 
the American general having the Con- 
vention troops in charge. These letters 
addressed to Gen. Heath are taken 
from his Memoirs, and are as follows : — 

" Cambridge, October ^oth, 1 778. 
"Sir : With great pleasure I acknow- 
ledge the favour of your obliging letter ; 
and Mrs. Harnage joins me, with Capt. 
Hawker, in returning you our sincere 
thanks for your kind representation of 
us, and solicitation in our favour, to the 
Honorable Congress. With your leave, 
we shall with patience wait the result; 
and, let the Congress determine in what 
manner they please, our obligations to 
you. Sir, will be ever acknowledged. 

" Believe me. Sir, with respect 
"Your obliged humble servant, 
" Henry Harnage. 
" Maj. Gen. Heath." 

" Cambridge, yune lO, I 779. 
"Sir: Being this moment informed 
that you are about to quit Boston, I must 
beg leave, previous to your departure, to 
trouble you with these our acknowledg- 
ments, for the civility and attention you 
have been pleased to shew us ; and to 
assure you that Mrs. Harnage, Capt. 
Hawker and myself shall ever retain a 
due sense of all favours, by which you 
have kindly endeavoured to alleviate, 



Hadden^s Orderly Books. 271 

take up the Ground, so that each Regiment may 
be as conveniently situated as possible, and equally 
partake of the dry Ground. A regular Order of 
Encampment is not required but the Pitching of 
the Tents to be done so as to preserve the Men's 
Health. 



Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton will fix the 
Order of Encampment with the Commanding 
Officers of the other Corps on this Plan. 

The 2ist gives the working Parties tomorrow ; 
the 9th takes the Piquet at five in the Evening. 



and make easy, the restraints and dis- 
agreeable circumstances that unavoidably 
attended our present situation. 

'« We hope you will mention us to the 
gentleman who is to succeed to the com- 
mand in the Eastern Department. 

"Wishing you all personal happiness, I 
remain with respect, Sir, 

*' Your most obedient and 

" Obliged humble servant 
" Henry Harnage.5 
"The Hon. Maj. Gen. Heath." 

Major Harnage arrived in London 
Nov. 30, 1780, with dispatches from 
Sir Henry Clinton to Lord George Ger- 
maine, in which are the following sen- 
tences : — " Major Harnage of the 62d 
Regiment will have the Honour of de- 
livering my Dispatches. This Officer's 
Services with the Northern Army will, I 
doubt not, insure him your Lordship's 
Favour and Protection."* 

After leaving the army Lieut. -Col. 
Harnage seems to have retained some in- 
terest in military affairs as he was ap- 
pointed Inspecting Field Officer of Yeo- 
manry and Volunteers Sept. 24, 1803.' 



When a lieutenant, he married Mary 
Honour Paynter, Dec. 11, 1758; and 
by her he had two sons and seven daugh- 
ters, but only two of his daughters sur- 
vived him. Mrs. Harnage died May 27, 
1790, and her husband survived her till 
Nov. II, 1826. Lieut.-Col. Harnage't 
eldest daughter, Mary, married her cousin, 
George Blackman, who was created a 
baronet in 1821, and thereupon assumed 
the name of Harnage ; and one of their 
sons. Sir George Harnage, succeeded 
to the baronetcy Nov. 19, 1836. One 
of Lieut. -Col. Harnage's grandsons, a 
captain in the Coldstream Guards, fell 
at the battle of Waterloo.' 

The William Henry Harnage, a cap- 
tain of dragoons, whom the editor of 
Burgoyne's Orderly Book conjectures 
may have been a son of Lieut. -Col. Har- 
nage, was only a cousin's son j but on 
his death without descendants in 1820, 
Lieut. -Col. Harnage inherited the old 
family estate of Belswardyne.' ['B. R. 
»BH. 3G. v. 175, 176. *K. L. 114, 
119, 122. 5F. P. P. 184, 185. <H. 
N. 529. 7B. M. 27.] 



272 Hadderis Orderly Books, 

The 62nd may return to their Camp, except 
a Subaltern's Party on each Flank, at 7 o'clock 
in the Morning. 

Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton will send Orders 
that the two Companies of the 21st, on the other 
side the River, take the Posts and Patroles on 
that side, one of which Posts is to be a Serjeant 
and 18 Men, to be sent on board the Carleton 
armed Vessel ; these Posts to return to their 
Camp at 7 o'clock in the Morning. 

Major General Phillips will be found in his 
Tent, but in case of Alarm in the upper Re- 
doubt. 

General Orders. Septetnber 6thy 1776. 

Parole— ^t. Anthony. C, 6*.— Belleul. 

It is his Excellency the Commander in Chief's 
Orders that the 21st Regiment encamp on the 
other side the River, where the two Companies 
at present are. Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton 
will therefore make a Disposition, for the Pur- 
pose of taking up for his Camp the strongest and 
healthiest Ground. 

The several Duties and Posts on that side the 
River, are to be taken by this Regiment. 

A Captain and fifty men are to go at Gun 
firing every Evening in Batteaux along that side 



Hadden's Orderly Books, 273 

the River, and frequently to land at different 
Parts to discover if the Rebels have any small 
Parties lurking in the Woods near the River ; 
which, should there be, they are directly to be 
attacked, and if possible Prisoners to be taken. 

An Officer and 24 Men to be sent every Even- 
ing on board the Carleton, who is to give a Cor- 
poral and 6 Men for a Party in a Cutter to Patrole 
on the River, these Piquets to be withdrawn at 
seven o'clock every Morning. 

The Guards of the Camp, and Piquets of 
Security for it. Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton will 
regulate. 

The Duty at St. John's to be (during the night) 
a Captain, three Subalterns, and 80 Men from 
which is to be detached a Subaltern and 18 
Men to the Post in the Wood on the Left, and 
a Noncommissioned Officer and 6 Men at Mont- 
gomery Battery. 

A Subaltern and 18 Men at the Works upon 
the Hill on the Right, a Noncommissioned Offi- 
cer, and 6 Men advanced to the road of Chamblee. 

The Captain, Subaltern, and remaining Men 
to be posted in the Centre. Frequent Patroles 
are to be made from these Posts ; these Piquets 
will return to their Camp at 7 o'clock in the 
Morning, leaving a Serjeant and 9 Men at each 
Flank Post. The daily Guards as usual, and the 

35 



274 Had den's Orderly Books, 

Subaltern's Guard in the Redoubt will make the 
Patrole of the Shipbuilding Line between the 
Redoubts during the night. Lieutenant Colonel 
Hill Field Officer for the Night. In case of 
Alarm the 9th Regiment will march three Com- 
panies into each redoubt, a Company also to 
cover the Artillery of each Flank. The 62nd 
will form as before ordered. 

Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton to keep Twenty 
six Boats with his Regiment to be ready to move 
to the support of St. John's if ordered. 

Mr. Corbin has the charge of the Batteaux 
under the Orders of Lieutenant Twiss, Major 
General Phillips' Aid de Camp ; application for 
Boats to be made to Lieutenant Twiss. The Men 
off Duty of the Regiment which forms this Piquets 
and Guards, to give what men can be spared to 
Major Gordon for the Works, The 9th Regi- 
ment will do this tomorrow Morning at half 
after F'ive. The Regiment off Duty to make 
Fascines from 7 o'clock in the morning untill 
Twelve, but not in the Afternoon, as it must pre- 
pare for the Guards and Piquets. 

The 62nd Regiment for this Duty tomorrow; 
as soon as the Artillery are posted, according to 
Orders, Major of Brigade Bloomefield will attend 
on Lieutenant Colonel Hill to shew him the 
Disposition. 



Haddens Orderly Books, 275 

By Major General Phillips. 

Orders. St. John's, September 6th, 1776. 

The Artillery having much fatigue Duty are 
to be allowed Grog, as is the Men of each Regi- 
ment at St. Johns, who are on the working 
Parties, and cutting Piquets. The Commissary 
Mr. McLean to deliver Rum accordingly, at the 
requisition of the Commanding Officer of the 
different Corps, who will make the Demand tor 
the number of Men required. 



By Major General Phillips. 

St. Johns, September jth, 1776. 

Parole — St. Chrysostom. C. S. — La Chine. 
General Orders by his Excellency the Com- 
mander in Chief. 

The Coraces/''^ furnished from the different 
Parishes being regulated at Head Quarters with 
the Major of Militia attending for that Purpose, 
and Orders issued accordingly from thence. 

It is directed that no Officers whatever in the 
Cantonments of the Army interfere with these 
Regulations, and the Requisitions made in con- 
sequence of them from the different Parishes by 

fiu. It'n believed that "' coraces " in the text, is a clerical error for corvee*. 



276 Haddens Orderly Books. 



Major St. George Dupret ;A nor are any Officers 
to demand Horses, Carriages, Men for any service 
from any Parish, otherwise than by application 
first to, and an Order obtained from, the Lieu- 
tenant General, Major General Phillips, or the 
Quarter Master General, It is expected that this 
Order be strictly attended to. 

Signed E. Foy, D. A. G. 

Major General Phillips orders that all Officers 
or Messengers, who arrive from the upper Posts, 



fx. St. George Dupree, not Dupret, 
as H?dden has it, was major of the mili- 
tia for the city and precinct of Montreal, 
where he lived.' When, on Nov. 12th, 
1775, after the British troops had retired 
from Montreal, the inhabitants of that 
city desired to capitulate to the advanc- 
ing Americans, St. George Dupree was 
one of twelve citizens, duly elected for 
that purpose, who signed the capitulation 
entered into with Gen. Montgomery. 
Many officers of the Canadian militia 
surrendered their commissions received 
from Gen. Carleton, and took out new 
ones from the American general, but the 
militia field officers did all in their power 
to prevent this; so Gen. Wooster sent 
several of these officers, including Major 
St. George Dupree, "to the fort of 
Chambly, as a place of security and to 
put it out of their power to do us the 
injury which might justly be apprehended 
from them." This act of Gen. Wooster 
was disapproved by the commissioners 
of Congress, who, on their arrival in 
Canada, allowed the militia officers to 
return to Montreal, much to the disgust 
of Gen Wooster, as evinced in his letter 
to a committee of Congress dated Phila- 
delphia, July 5, 1776.2 April 14th, 
1777, Major St. George Dupree was ap- 



pointed a commissary *' for forwarding 
the Transports for the army and for regu- 
lating the Corvees of the Inhabitants." 
He served in this capacity during Bur- 
goyne's campaign, and though the cor- 
vees caused the British general much 
trouble and uneasiness, yet through the 
efforts of Major St. George Dupree they 
were somewhat abated, we should judge 
from the following letter from Sir Guy 
Carleton to Gen. Phillips, viz : 

" Hd. i^s. Quebec, l\th July, 1777. 

" Sir : I have received your letter 
from Tyconderoga dated the 1 8th In- 
stant. The presence of Mr. St. George 
Dupre is so necessary in Canada for col- 
lecting and forwarding the Corvees and 
for assisting the several Transports, all 
which would, without him, go into the 
greatest confusion, that his going up to 
you would be attended with much more 
detriment than use to your army. I 
shall endeavour to send you some person 
to oversee the men you have upon Cor- 
vee, but in the meantime that end 
might be answered by your appointing 
some officer of the Troops or other per- 
son that can speak French for that pur- 
pose." 3 ['J. E. =>£. 1597 : I. 12. 3F, B. 
621.] 



Maddens Orderly Books, 277 

are not suffered to pass St. John's without first 
seeing him. 

The 62nd Regiment takes the Guards and 
Piquets for this Night ; the Adjutant of this 
Regiment will inform Major Gordon, what 
Number of men can be spared for the Works to- 
morrow Morning. The 9th Regiment furnishes 
the Party for making Fascines. 

The 2ist Regiment to send out their Piquets 
as usual, and the several Duties will continue 
untill further Orders. 

The Artillery to forward these Orders to the 
9th Regiment, the gth to the 62nd, from them 
to the 2 1 St, and the 21st will send them to the 
Corps of Engineers, who will return them to 
Captain Pomeroy. 

It is Major General Phillips' Orders that there 
be an Adjutant of the Day, who will give out 
the Orders of the Day for the future ; the Ar- 
tillery send their Adjutant tomorrow. Orders at 
the lower Redoubt at five o'clock in the After- 
noon. 

Lieutenant Colonel Anstruther Field Officer 
for the Piquet this Evening. 

By Major General Phillips. 
General Orders. St. John^s, September St/i, 1776. 
Parole — St. Timothy. C. S. — Crown Point. 

The Carleton Armed Vessel will begin Exer- 



278 Hadden's Orderly Books. 

cise with her Guns tomorrow morning between 
Six and Twelve. The Soldiers are to be strictly 
enjoined not to give any Drink to the Indians, 
and any Women who shall be detected in having 
given or sold Rum to the Indians, shall be 
directly turned out of the Camp. The same 
Alertness is to be observed, as before ordered. 

The 9th Regiment will send to Major Gordon, 
the number of men which can be given for the 
Works tomorrow. The 62nd to furnish Parties 
for Fascines till noon tomorrow. 

Major Bolton Field Officer for the Night. 



G. O. September ()th, 1776. 

The Detachment of the 29th to parade at 
Evening Roll calling when Major General 
Phillips will review them. 

Morning General Orders. 
Parole — St. Valentine. C. S. — Ticonderoga, 

The Countersign will be given to Major Har- 
nage who is Field Officer for this Night. 

The Order is repeated not to give Rum to the 
Indians ; it is requested Officers will endeavour 
to prevent this, and on seeing Indians among the 
Tents will examine whether they get Liquor. 



Hadden's Orderly Books. 279 

The Duty and Piquets as usual. 

The 62nd gives a Working Party tomorrow. 

The 9th makes Fascines. 

Major General Phillips will be absent from St. 
John's untill Gun firing. 

Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton will remain in 
Camp. 

By the Commander in Chief. [Gen Carleton.] 
G. O. Chamblee, September loth, 1776. 

The different Corps may send such Baggage, 
as is not intended to cross the Lakes, to Mont- 
real without Delay. 

Let 26 Boats a Battalion be delivered to the 9th, 
2 1 St, 31st, 53rd, 62nd : they must be marked 
and numbered, and kept in Order, to proceed at 
an Hour's notice. 

Major General Redhazel will make a De- 
mand necessary to embark the left Wing. 
Brigadier General Frazer will also make a De- 
mand for the Boats necessary for his Corps, 
which shall be sent him. 

The 34th will take their Boats at Sorel, and 
proceed up the River in them to Chamblee, as 
Lieutenant Colonel St. Leger shall direct. 

fy. Major General Riedesel is, of name is Re-day-rel, with accent on th« 
course, the person alluded to in the second syllable, 
text. The proper pronunciation of hit 



28o Haddens Orderly Books, 

G. O. St. JohnSy nth September^ ^77^- 

Parole — St. Athanasius. C. S. — Esopus. 

All Children belonging to the Army that 
crosses the Lakes, or are in Distress, shall be 
taken care of at Montreal. 

The different Corps will send in a Return to 
the Adjutant General, as soon as may be, of the 
Number the Parents propose sending there, that 
suitable Accommodations may be provided for 
them. 

G. O. St. John's, 1 2th September, 1776. 

Paro/e—St. Juis. C. 5.— New York. 

Guards and Working Parties as usual. 

G. O. St. John's, 13th September, 1776* 

Paro/e— St. Jacob. C. »S.— Philadelphia. 

The Regiments when their Batteaux are de- 
livered them, are to embark Officers and Men, 
in order to make Trial whether the Number be 
sufficient or greater than is necessary, and are to 
report thereupon to Major General Phillips. 
An Evening and Morning Gun will be fired by 
the Carleton at 9 at Night, and at Daybreak in 
the Morning. 



HadderCs Orderly Books, 281 

There being reason to suspect that some of the 
Soldiers sell their Allowance of Rum to the 
Indians, it is ordered that all Rum, drawn for 
Soldiers in Camp, be mixed with Water, under 
the Inspection of an Officer before they re- 
ceive it. 



G. O. St. yo/in's, 14M September, 1776. 

Paro/e— St. Matthew. C. S. — Quebec. 

All the Batteaux are, according to former 
Orders, to be forwarded to St. John's, at which 
Place being put into the State necessary for the 
Army, will be delivered to the several Regi- 
ments, by the Quarter Master General, who will 
give notice when the Quarter Master of Corps 
may receive them. 

No Corps is on any Account to retain any 
Batteaux before the general Distribution is made, 
this order to be forwarded to St. John's from 
Regiment to Regiment as quick as possible. 



G. O. St. Jo/ins, 15M September, 1776. 

Paro/e— St. Judith. C. 5.— Bristol. 

All the Horses of the neighbouring Parishes 
being wanted for the Service of the Army, it is 
hoped that Officers will complete all their 
36 



282 Hadden's Orderly Books. 

private Business by Tuesday next, as after that 
Day no Horses, Calashes, or Carriages can be 
allowed to any Person. 

Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton is appointed to 
the Inspection of the ist Brigade during the 
Illness of Brigadier General Nesbitt. 



Orders by Major General Phillips. 

G. O. St. Johns, \tth September, 1776. 

Parole. — St. Maria. C. S. — Windsor. 

The Duty at St. John's to be directly by 
Battalions. The 29th Battalion to take the 
Guards and Piquets in their Turn. Lieutenant 
Colonel Hamilton will regulate the Duty. 

G. O. St. Johns, ijth 'September, 1776. 

Parole— '$it. Ann. C. S. — Boston. 

Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton having the 
Command of the First Brigade, during the Ill- 
ness of Brigadier General Nesbitt, need not alter 
his present Encampment, but Brigade report will 
be made to him at Husill's house, and the Regi- 
ments of other Brigades at St. John's are also to 
report to Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton. 



Maddens Orderly Books. 283 

The 29th Regiment gives the Duty for this 
Night, but the Day after tomorrow, will take a 
Part of Duty only, as will be regulated by Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Hamilton. 

The 9th and 62nd for the Works tomorrow. 



G. O. St. John's, 18M September, 1776. 

Parole — St. Christian. C. S. — Lebanon. 

The 29th Regiment are to embark on board 
the Carleton, tomorrow Morning at 7'oclock, one 
of their weakest Companies, and if there is such 
commanded by one Subaltern, they are to take 
the upper Redoubt Guard this Evening, the 
General's Guard, New work and Batteaux 
Guards tomorrow Evening, and to continue to 
take those Guards alternately, till further Orders. 
The 9th and 62nd Regiments will take the re- 
mainder of the Guards and Piquets by turns, the 
62nd for this Duty to night. The 9th and 29th 
for the Works tomorrow. 

The Captain of the Piquet, and Officer of the 
lower Redoubt Guard, will report to Lieutenant 
Colonel Hamilton at 12 o'clock ; he will always 
be found at the Mess house of the 9th Regi- 
ment. 



284 Haddens Orderly Books. 

A Garrison Court Martial tomorrow morning 
at 1 1 o'clock. 



Detail. 
9th . 

2 1 St . 

29th . 
62nd . 



C. S. A 
I. I. 

I. 

I. 

I. 



G. O. 

Major Nairn ^(^ Commanding in Montreal is 
to order an Officer of his Regiment to take 



fz. C. is an abbreviation for Captain, 
and S. for Subaltern. 

ga. [ohn Nairne became a lieutenant 
in the 63d, afterwards the 78th Foot, or 
Second Highland Battalion, (Eraser's 
Highlanders) July 16, 1757, was pro- 
moted to a captaincy April 4, 1761, and 
»erved in America. His regiment was 
reduced at the peace of 1763, and he 
went upon half-pay. When his old 
regimental commander, Major General 
Simon Fraser, raised the 71st Foot for 
service in America, Capt, Nairne received 
a commission dated Nov. 27, 1775, as a 
lieutenant in the First Battalion.' He 
probably never served under this commis- 
sion as he was then in Canada aiding to 
form the Royal Highland Emigrants, and 
the 71st was being formed in Scotland. 
Be that as it may, however, he rendered 
excellent service to the crown in the 
defence of Quebec when besieged by Gens. 
Montgomery and Benedict Arnold, and 
his loyalty was rewarded by government 



with the grant of a considerable tract of 
land.'^ His appointment as a captain in 
the First Battalion of the Royal High- 
land Emigrants dated from June 14, 

1775, and that was the date of his com- 
mission, when, three years later, the 
regiment was received into the British 
establishment, and numbered as the 84th. 
He served in Canada throughout our 
Revolutionary war, and in September, 

1776, was in command at Montreal. 3 
He became a major in the army Aug. 
29, 1777S and Sir Frederick Haldimand, 
the British commander in chief in 
Canada, ordered him to do duty as a 
major Aug. 15, 1778.'' Sir Frederick's 
high opinion of Major Nairne appears in 
a letter he wrote to Lord George Ger- 
maine, dated Oct. 14, 1778, in which 
he says : — " At the departure of Lt. Col. 
McLean " (who had gone to Europe on 
a leave of absence) " the command of 
his Battalion fell to a Capt. Nairne, a 
very old officer, and who distinguished 
himself very much at the siege of Quebec^ 



Haddens Orderly Books. 285 

charge of the Soldiers of the different Corps, as 
they are discharged the Hospital in that Place, 
until they are ordered to join their respective 
Corps or Detachments. 

This Officer is to see they are lodged in the 
Barracks, and that they attend Parades duly, and 
behave orderly : he is to have Power to draw 
upon the Paymasters of the Regiments to which 
the Soldiers belong, for their Subsistence, which 
is to be paid them, if necessary, from the time of 
their quitting the Hospital, and each Brigade is 
to send a careful Noncommissioned Officer to 
attend the General Hospital, to take care of the 
men of their Brigade there, their Arms and Ac- 
coutrements, and Necessaries, and to receive 
Orders from the Officer abovementioned. 

By Major General Phillips. 

G, O. St. John's, 19th September, 1776. 

Parole — St. Sophia C S. — Three Rivers. 

The Regiments to make fresh Necessary 
Houses, and are to fill up all the old Ones. 

on which 'ccount and to prevent the 1783. He sold out to Capt. Robert 

mortification to him of being commanded Matthews Sept. 22, 1783, and retired 

occasionally by Majors of" Frovincials I from the army.' He continued to live 

have given him the nominal rank of in Canada, and on, or about July 26,. 

Major till further orders."' Aug. 31, 1787, Lord Dorchester, then governor- 

1780, Sir Frederick Haldimand assigned general of Canada, appointed him a lieut.- 

Major Nairne .0 the command of the colonel in the British militia for the city 

corps of royalists lately commanded by and banlieu of Quebec. ? The date of his 

Major Daniel McAlpine, deceased.' He death has not been ascertained. ['B. H. 

became the major of the 53d Foot Oct. 'J. Z. 24, note. 3F. E. 44. *F. E. 107. 

4, 1780, then serving in Canada, and a 5F. H. 29. *F. E, 139. 7J. U.] 
lieutenant-colonel in the army Feb. 19, 



286 Ha del en's Orderly Books. 

The Commanding Officers to send round the 
Camp, to have all the Earth filled into any 
Holes about it, and to render the Camp as Clean 
and Healthy as possible for the Corps, which are 
to march in upon the present Camp moving. 

A certain quantity of Junk will be delivered 
to the 9th, 29th, and 62nd Regiments, which 
they are to pick and make into Oakum, and tor 
which they will be paid four Shillings Halifax 
per Hundred; when done Lieutenant Dysart of 
the Artillery is to be acquainted. 



G. O. St. John's, 20th September, 1776. 

Parole — St. Cecilia. C. S. — Virginia. 

Brigade Orders. 

Major General Phillips orders that those men, 
who are incapable of serving the Campaign be 
sent to the General Hospital at Montreal, and he 
hopes the Number will be very few ; the Sick of 
the Regimental Hospital will be left according 
to Directions which will be given. Every Man 
is to immediately join his Company, and no man 
is to be employed on any Pretence whatever, but 
those who work as Artiticers ; the Officers are to 
observe that Orders having been given relating 
to Servants, that it be strictly adhered to, and 



Hadden's Orderly Books, 287 

the Servants are to do their Duty in Action, and 
to be considered as part of the Effective. 

As little Baggage to be taken on the Lakes, as 
possible ; the Winter Clothes, Caps &c. &c. now 
working up for the Men to be very carefully 
packed and preserved, that whenever the Army 
halts, that work may go on. The remaining 
Hessian Artillery at Chamblee to march to St. 
John's on Sunday next. Captain Borthwick's 
Company with the Artillery at Chamblee to 
march on next Wednesday, the Laboratory will 
remain till further Orders. 

Fire Master and Quarter Master to fit out the 
Radeau, and armed Boats, and will receive their 
Orders from the Major General ; when thev are 
completed the Detachment will be ordered on 
Board. As every man left the Transports with 
a Rug or Blankets, the Commanding Officers of 
Companies are to examine the men to see 
they liave Blankets — those who have lost, or 
made away with any, are to have them bought 
at Montreal, and charged to their Expence; 
this Order to be most strictly observed. The 
Sea Bedding and Bolsters, are to remain in Store, 
on Board of the Ships, until ordered for Winter 
Quarters. The Companies are to take all the 
Watch Coats; a return of the Number to be 
made to the Major General. 



288 Hadden's Orderly Books. 

G. O. St. John's, 2 1 St September, 1776. 

Parole — St. Agatha. C. S. — Carolina. 

G. O. St. Johns, 22nd Septe??iber, 1776. 

Parole — St. Bridget. C. S. — Georgia. 

The 47th Regiment is to march, and to take 
up its Ground at St. John's, as soon as convenient ; 
the Brigades are reminded of the non com- 
missioned Officers, which by the Order of the 
18th Instant, are to be sent to attend the general 
Hospital at Montreal. 

G. O. St. John's, 23rd September, 1776. 

Parole — St. Lucretia. C. S. — Florida. 

Brigade Orders by Major General Phillips. 

As soon as the Quarter Master reports that the 
Radeau is ready to receive the men. Captains 
Mitchelson and Hosmer will go on board, and 
regulate how the Men may be best disposed of. 
All the Men of the Two Companies are to be 
on board, including the Additional, except 
twenty four Men from each, and forty of the 
Additional. 

The Hessian Artillery will furnish fifty men. 
There will be also two Companies of the 29th 
Regiment on board, so that the Radeau will be 



Hadderi^s Orderly Books, 289 

prepared for three Hundred men ; half of whom 
must be supposed on Deck all night. The 
Stern will be for the Officers, and the forepart 
for the Sailors. 



G. O. Chamblie. 

Frazer's Brigade will move forward, and take 
post at the River La-Colle, the 26th in the 
morning, the ist Brigade under the command of 
Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton, will occupy the 
Isle aux Noix, and the Brunswickers under the 
Command of Major General Redhazel with the 
62nd Regiment, will occupy the Post at, and 
near St. John's ; at the same time let those 
Corps, who want Boats apply to Major General 
Phillips. The Commissary General will send a 
proper Person, forthwith, to the Isle aux Noix, 
to see that Provisions are prepared for the Troops 
that advance. 

A Court consisting o^ Five Captains of the 
Artillery, and 20th Regiment to enquire into 
the Circumstances of the Fire, which happened 
to a Barn in Chamblee, and of the Robbery 
committed at the Fort last Night, is to sit to- 
morrow at the House of the Person whose Barn 
was burnt, and to report their Proceedings to the 
Deputy Adjutant General. 

37 



290 HadderCs Orderly Books, 

A List of the Officer's Names with their Rank 
in the Regiment and Army to be sent into the 
Deputy Adjutant General as soon as possible. 

Captain Lieutenant Power of the 20th Regi- 
ment having been promoted by his Majesty to a 
Company in the same Regiment in the room of 
Major Macdonald.^* 



gb. John Macdonell's manner of 
spelling his name indicates that he 
belonged to the Lochgarry branch of the 
clan Macdonald, which was the case.' 
He was commissioned Jan. 13, 1 757, as a 
captain in Eraser's Highlanders, known 
also, at different times, as the Second 
Highland Battalion, the 63d, and the 
78th Foot.^ This regiment proceeded to 
America in June, 1757, and took part 
in the capture of Louisbourg in 1758, 
and the battle on the Heights of Abraham 
in 1759, where Capt. Macdonell was 
wounded through both thighs. The 
next year the regiment participated in 
the battle of Sillery, or St. Foy, and, in 
1762, in an expedition to retake St. 
John's, Newfoundland.3 At the peace 
of 1763 Eraser's Highlanders were re- 
duced, and Capt. Macdonell went upon 
half-pay, but returned to active service 
again Dec. 23, 1771, as a captain in the 
20th Foot. He became a major in the 
army July 23, 1772, and the major of the 
First Battalion of the 71st Foot ( Eraser's 
Highlanders) Nov. 23, 1775.* 

Fraser's Highlanders bore different 
numbers during different wars. Simon 
Fraser, son of the Lord Lovat that was 
executed in 1745, was commissioned 
Jan. 5, 1757, as lieutenant-colonel com- 
mandant of Fraser's Highlanders, which 
he had been authorized to raise among 
his clansmen. This organization was 
first designated as the Second Highland 
Battalion ; then it was numbered in the 



Army List of 1758 as the 63d ; and in a 
later edition of the same work for that 
year, as the 78th Foot. Its uniform 
was the full Highland garb, and the 
regiment saw much service in America. 
At the peace of 1763 a number of the 
officers and men settled in America, th« 
remainder being returned to Scotland, as 
the regiment was then disbanded, the 
ofBcers being put upon half-pay. Up- 
wards of 300 of these men that had 
remained in America, enlisted in the 
Royal Highland Emigrants in 1775. 
Lieut. -Col. Fraser, who had been pro- 
moted to be a colonel in the army Feb. 
19, 1762, and major-general May 25, 
1772, was, on Oct. 25, 1775, commis- 
sioned colonel of the 71st Foot, a new 
regiment of two battalions, which he had 
been authorized to raise among the 
Highland clans for service in America 
during our Revolutionary war, and which 
was also known as Fraser's Highlanders. 
Gen. Fraser became a lieut. -general 
Aug. 29, 1777, and, at the peace of 1783, 
his regiment was disbanded.^ This 
officer, by some writers has been con- 
fused with his kinsman of the same 
name, who was one of Burgoyne's 
brigadiers.'' 

Major Macdonell's regiment proceeded 
to America shortly after its organization 
and bore an active pirt in many actions 
during the Revolutionary war.' Let- 
ters of service were granted in December, 
1777, to Lord Macdonald, to raise a regi- 



Hadden's Orderly Books, 291 



The Commander in Chief has been pleased to 
appoint Captain Lieutenant Farquharr/c to be 
Captain of a Company in the room of Major 
Carleton promoted, and Lieutenant Baillie.'/f^ of 



ment in the Highlands and isles, of 
which corps his lordship was offered 
the command; but he declined the 
commission though he exerted his in- 
fluence in the format'on of the corps ; 
and on his recommendation Major John 
Macdonell of Lochgarry was appointed 
lieut. -colonel commandant of the regi- 
ment, which was numbered as the 76th, 
and known as Macdonald's Highlanders.* 
John Macdonell's regimental commission 
as lieut. -colonel commandant bore date 
Dec. 25, 1777, though he had been 
brevetted lieut. -colonel on the 29th of 
the preceding August.* Upon being 
commissioned in the 76th, Lieut. -Col. 
Macionell, who was then in America 
with Eraser's Highlanders, embarked for 
England ; but he was captured on his 
passage home, and so did not serve at all 
with his corps, which went to America 
and ended its active service with Corn 
wallis' surrender, in which it was in- 
cluded. It returned to Scotland and was 
disbanded in 1784*, when Lieut-Colonel 
Macdonell went upon half-pay and never 
again returned to active service. He 
became a colonel in the army Nov. 20th, 
1782-, and died in 1789.^' ['Q. 728. 
"B. H. 'B. J. 249-261 : D L. 24. 
*M A. 223-226. 5B. J. 262 et post. 
*B. J 297, 298 : F. Y. 241 et post.'] 

gc. William Farquhar's first com- 
mission in the British army, that we are 
able to trace, is that of a lieutenant in 
the 47th Foot, Sept. 25, 1759, whicn 
regiment was then serving in America. 
As he was attached to one of the 
additional companies, reduced at the 
peace of 1763, he then went upon half- 
pay. He returned to active service 



May 3, 1765, as a lieutenant of the 56th 
Foot, then at Gibraltar. He became 
captain of a company in the 20th Foot 
May 13, 1776, and served with his 
regiment in Canada and on Burgoyne's 
expedition, receiving a wound at the 
battle of Freeman's Farm, Sept. 19, 
1777. He became a major in the army 
March 19, 1783, and his name appears 
in the Army Lists for the last time in 
1794.' ['B. H : G. V. 175.] 

gd. Alexander Baillie entered the 
British Army as an ensign in the 62d, 
afterwards the 60th, or Royal American 
Regiment of Foot, December 9th, 1756.' 
He served through the French war, and 
was present with the ibt Battalion of his 
regiment at the unsuccessful attack on 
Ticonderoga, July 8th, 1758, where he 
was wounded.* He was promoted to a 
lieutenancy July 27th, 175S ; but in 
1763, soon after the declaration of peace, 
the 3d and 4th Battalions of the 60th 
were reduced, and he went upon half-pay, 
where he remained until November 29th, 
1 77 1, when he was commissioned a ist 
lieutenant in the 21st Foot, or Royal 
North British Fuzileers, then serving in 
N-Tth Ami-rica. He became a captain 
in the 9th Foot September 23d, 1776 j 
a major in the army November i8th, 
1790; the major of his regiment February 
17th, 1794, and a lieut-colonel in the 
army March ist, 1794. His name ap- 
pears in the Army Lists for the last time 
in 1795.' 

There was another contemporary 
Alexander Baillie, who became an en- 
sign in the ist, or Royal Regiment of 
Foot, in 1756, a lieutenant in the 2d 
Battalion of that regiment, then serving 



292 Haddens Orderly Books. 

the 2 1 St Regiment is appointed Captain Lieu- 
tenant in the 9th Regiment in the room of Cap- 
tain Lieutenant Fraser, who remains in the 20th 
Regiment. 



G. O. St, Johns, 2/^th September, 1776. 

Para/e — St. Eliza. C. S. — Louisiana. 

The 31st Regiment will march tomorrow to 
St. John's, and encamp on the Ground marked 
for them by Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton. 

The Detachments which are to be left behind 
from the First and Second Brigades, will remain 
where the Regiments now are but to prepare to 
remove on Sunday next to Chamblee, and en- 
camp there, Orders for which will be given by 
Lieutenant Colonel St. Leger. The Officers of 
each Regiment commanding the Detachments 
are to meet Lieutenant Colonel St. Leger on 



in America, February 2, 1757? a"<l ^ 
captain therein Nov. 30, 1761. He 
exchanged with Capt. Hugh Mont- 
gomery into the half-pay of the 78th 
Foot, Fraser's Highlanders ; and he 
became Fort Major of Fort George (near 
Inverness) in 177S, a major in the army 
August 29, 1777, and a lieut. -colonel 
therein February 19, 1783.' He was 
gazetted a captain in Lord Strathaven's 
corps April 8, 1783=*, an infantry organi- 
zation then recently raised, but which 
saw no active service, as it was reduced 
soon after the peace of 1783, when Capt. 
Baillie went upon half-pay. He became 



the captain of an independent company of 
Invalids, at Guernsey, March 12th, 
1789, and on October 20th of the next 
year the captain of an independent com- 
pany of Invalids, at Jersey. His company 
was soon after reduced, notwithstanding 
which he was continued on full pay ; 
and from December 25th, 1790, until 
his death in 18 14, he received full pay 
without holding any command. He be- 
came a colonel in the army March t, 
1794, and at his death, twenty years 
later, he was the fourth colonel on the 
List.' ['B. H. =H. E. 176. 3H. Q^ 
338.] 



Haddens Orderly Books. 293 



Saturday next at 10 o'clock at Head Quarters at 
Chamblee. The 24th and 29th Regiments are 
not included in this Order, as they are to take 
their Effectives on the Lake. 

Lieutenant Beacrofti^^ of the 24th Regiment, 
Lieutenant Vallency^/ of the 62nd, and Lieu- 



ge. Richard Beacroft was commis- 
sioned as an ensign in the 24th Foot, then 
in Germany, May Z2, 1761, and was 
promoted to a lieutenancy Feb. 13, 1766, 
the 24th meanwhile having been trans- 
ferred to Gibraltar. He accompanied his 
regiment to Canada in the spring of 
1776, where he served that year under 
Gen. Carleton, and the next year par- 
ticipated in Burgoyne's campaign. The 
fact that he was detailed as an assistant 
engineer Sept. 24, 1776, and so acted 
during the remainder of that year, and 
the following one, is strong proof that he 
was an officer of merit. Upon Bur- 
goyne's campaign he was left as an as- 
sistant engineer at Ticonderoga, and in 
the American attack on that fort and 
Mount Independence Sept. 18, 1777, he, 
with the artificers in arms, in the Half 
Moon Battery, prevented the Americans 
from surrounding the fort. His gal- 
lantry in this affair was recognized by his 
commanding officer, Gen. Powell, and 
Oct. 8, 1777, he was promoted to a 
captaincy. When the garrison was with- 
drawn from Ticonderog.T, after Bur- 
goyne's surrender, Capt. Beacroft retired 
to Canada with the remaining British 
troops, where he served as an assistant 
engineer until June 18, 1779, when, .it 
his own request, he was allowed to re- 
turn to England. June 20, 1781, he 
was commissioned as captain of one of 
the new independent companies, some 
of which were regimented in the autumn 
of that year, as the loist Foot, his 
among the number j and his commission 



in that regiment bore date Sept. 22, 
17 8 1. The loist was disbanded in 1783, 
after the conclusion of peace, and Capt. 
Beacroft went upon half-pay, where he 
remained as long as his name appeared 
on the Army Lists ; it appearing last in 
1795. [B. H : F. H. 114: E. Z.] 

gf. George Preston Valiancy was 
commissioned Sept. 1, 1771, as a 
lieutenant in the 62d Foot, then in 
Ireland.' He accompanied his regiment 
to Canada in the spring ot 1776, and on 
the 24th of September of that year he 
was appointed an assistant engineer. The 
next year he accompanied Burgoyne's 
expedition, and May 5th, 1777, he wag 
appointed to act as an assistant quarter- 
master-general.^ He served through 
Burgoyne's campaign, and was included 
in that unfortunate officer's surrender. 
Oct. 21, 1777, he was sent by Burgoyne 
to New York with dispatches for Sir 
William Howe, stopping on his return 
at Washington's headquarters, which 
he left Nov. 12th. The American 
commander in chief must have treated 
the young British officer with much 
consideration, as Gen. Heath in writing 
to Gen. Washington from Buston, Nov. 
26, 1777, says: " Gen'l Burgoyne is 
much pleased with your Treatment of 
Lieut. Vallency which he says was 
Polite and noble."3 Valiancy's name is 
signed to the Cambridge Parole, and he 
appears to have been a witness against 
the American Colonel Henley on the 
trial of Burgoyne's famous charges by 



294- Hadden's Orderly Books. 



tenant Wintersmidt ^.^ of the Brunswicks, to- 
gether with Captain Lawe, are appointed assist- 
ant Engineers, under Major Gordon. 

Mr. George Reade, Mr. Daniel Davids 5'^ 
Gentlemen Cadets in the Royal Regiment of 
Artillery, sent out by the King's Command to 
serve in Canada, are appointed to act as 2nd 
Lieutenants in the Corps of Artillery, as is Mr. 
Merida, a Volunteer in that Corps to the same. 

Captain O'Connell^^' of the Brunswick 



court martial against that officer. He was 
commissioned as adjutant of his regi- 
ment Oct. 12, 1777, his successor having 
been commissioned April 6, 1782, 
though he was promoted to be captain- 
lieutenant and captain Aug. 18, 1778.' 
At the peace of 1783 the additional com- 
panies of the 62d Foot were reduced and 
Capt. Valiancy exchanged with the 
captain of one of them and went upon 
half-pay, where he remained until May 
31, 1787, when he was commissioned 
as a captain in the 46th Foot, with 
which regiment he served till he 
disappeared from the Army Lists, his name 
appearing last in 1 79 1.' ['3.H. ^F. E. 
49, 69. ^H. I. 66: F. P: K. M. 
193, 227.] 

gg. Lieut. Gottfried Jul Winterschmidt 
belonged to the Brunswick Grenadier 
Battalion commanded by Lieut. -Col. 
Breymann. He deserted from his bat- 
talion in 1779. [K. N. 267.] 

gh. Daniel Davids entered the Royal 
Military Academy at Woolwich, as a 
gentleman cadet, July 21, 1772. He 
was appointed a 2d lieutenant in the 
Royal Artillery Feb. 21, 1777, and a 
1st lieutenant July 7, 1779. He served 



through the Burgoyne campaign, and 
was included in the Saratoga Convention. 
He must have been exchanged the next 
year, as his name appears on the list of 
Sir Henry Clinton's Artillery Officers in 
1779. He died at Quebec Jan. 18, 
1787. [G. U : H. B.] 

gi. Capt. Laurentius O'Connel, of 
the Brunswick Guards, an Irishman, and 
a subject of Great Britain, arrived at 
Quebec Sept 21, 1776, with the second 
division of German troops sent over that 
year to re-inforce Sir Guy Carleton ; and 
as he came over to serve on Riedesel's 
staff he reported for duty at that general's 
headquarters four days later. He ac- 
companied his chief on Burgoyne's cam- 
paign in 1777, and was sent as an in- 
terpreter with Baum on his disastrous 
expedition to Bennington, where he was 
made a prisoner. In January, 1778, he 
was confined at Woburn, Mass., and in 
the middle of the following June he 
received permission from Congress to re- 
turn to Europe on parole. Riedesel took 
this opportunity to send his dispatches 
to his court, and also the German flags 
which he had clandestinely saved at the 
surrender at Saratoga. For some un- 
known reason the captain left the flags 



Haddens Orderly Books, 295 

Guards is appointed Aide de Camp to Major 
General Reidesel, and he is to be obeyed as such. 

St. Johns, z^fh. 
Parole — St. Helena & Detroit. 

St. Johris, 26M. 
Parole — St. Charlotte. C. S. — Michilimacinue. 

Chamblee, 2jth, 
St. Ruth and Oswego. 

St. Johns, 28M. 
St. Eugenia and Oswegatchie. 

Isle aux Noixy 2g th. 
P.— St. Beatrix. and C. 6'.— The Cedars. 

Isle aux Noix, 30th September. 
P. — St. Margarite. C. S. — La Galette. 

Is/e auxNoix, October ist. 
Parole — St. Charles and Windsor. 

Isle aux Noix, October 2nd. 
Parole — Ferdinand and Magdeburg. 



in Rhode Island, and they were after- a pensioned lieutenant-colonel, in Ireland, 
wards carried to Canada by Lieut.-Col. [C. N : K. 1^1.66,135,231,249,255: 
Speth. Capt. O'Connel died in 1819, as K.. N. 28, 265.] 



296 Hadden's Orderly Books, 



Isle aux Noixy October 3rd. 
Parole — Charles and Brunswick. 

Isle aux Noixy October ^th, \'Jj(). 
Parole — Charles and Brunswick. 

A Disposition being made for the Army to 
proceed in search of the Enemy, the Com- 
mander in Chief takes the occasion to thank 
Major General Phillips, and all his Department, 
for the Zeal and Activity with which the prepara- 
tions have been concluded, and likewise Captain 
Douglas.0?/ for the cheerful and great assistance 



gj. Sir Charles Douglas was a Scotch- 
man, and was lineally descended from 
one of the Earls of Morton, though 
there seems to be some confusion as to 
which one.* The Gentleman s Mag- 
azine vol. 59, part I, p. 276, says, that 
Sir Charles was originally in the Dutch 
service, and that it was not without 
some difficulty that he was able to ob- 
tain rank in the English navy. Fullom^, 
the biographer of Sir Howard Douglas, 
Sir Charles' youngest son, makes no 
mention of Sir Charles having been in 
the Dutch service, but states that at 
one time during his naval career, upon 
the recommendation of the British gov- 
ernment, he was employed in organizing 
the navy of Russia, which he succeeded 
in placing on a good footing before his 
return to England. 

He became a lieutenant in the British 
navy Dec. 4, I7S3) ^"d a commander 
Feb. 24, 1759. He was promoted to 
be a post-captain March 13, 1761, and 
was at once appointed to the command 
of the Syren of 20 guns. In this ship 
he proceeded under Lord Colville to 
Newfoundland to disperse M. de Ter- 
nay's French fleet and to recover that 



island. The Syren attended the trans- 
ports and covered the landing of Lieut. - 
Colonel Amherst and his troops, a duty 
Capt. Douglas very diligently preformed. 3 
In 1767 he assumed command of the 
Emerald frigate of 32 guns, and in her 
the next year made an expedition to the 
North Cape of Lapland to observe the 
transit of Venus.'* Towards the close of 
1770 he was commissioned to the St. 
Albans, of 64 guns, and in 1775 to the 
Isis, of 50 guns, in which latter vessel 
he proceeded, in the spring of 1776, 
with several other men of war and a 
convoy, to Canada, to relieve Sir Guy 
Carleton then beleagured at Quebec. 
FuUomS thus refers to Sir Charles' 
activity in equipping his ships for sea 
and in navigating them to their des- 
tination. " Capt. Douglas worked day 
and night to hasten the equipment of 
the ships, and the Admiralty urged him 
to even greater exertion. ' For God's 
sake, get the Isis down to Blackstakes 
the next spring-tide,' wrote Lord Sand- 
wich, the First Lord ; ' Your being ready 
to leave early in February is of the ut- 
most importance to the public service. 
I think the fate of Quebec depends upon 



Haddens Orderly Books. 297 



afforded from the Naval Department. Captain 
Pringle, Captain Dacres, and Captain Shanks 
and Stark of the Navy, and Lieutenant Twiss of 
the Corps of Engineers, deserve particular dis- 
tinction in this acknowledgment, it being to the 
indefatigable Attention of these Gentlemen that 
the surprisingly expeditious advancement of the 
important Works carried on is greatly owning. 



it.' The squadron sailed at the ap- 
pointed time, and the beginning of April 
found it on the coast oi Newfoundland, 
waiting tor the breaking up of the ice to 
make for the St. Lawrence. But Capt. 
Douglas was not content to wait long. 
There seemed no prospect of the nav- 
igation opening, and he knew that 
Quebec must be in the last extremity, 
as it had now been invested some months, 
and subjected to repeated assaults. It 
occurred to him that he might drive his 
ship through the ice, and he took advan- 
tage of a rising gale to put her before the 
wind, and run against a block twelve 
feet thick as an experiment. The shock 
had a greater etfect than he expected, 
crumbling the ice in pieces. * We now,' 
he says in his despatch to Mr. Stephens, 
'thought it an enterprise worthy of an 
English ship of the line in our King and 
Countrj's sacred cause, and an effort due 
to the gallant defence of Quebec, to make^ 
the attempt of pressing her by force of 
sail through the thick, broad, and closely 
connected fields of ice (as formidable as 
the Gulf of St. Lawrence ever exhibited), 
to which we saw no bounds.' The 
frozen tract was found to extend sixty 
leagues; but he persevered in his design, 
undeterred by gales and :;nowstorms and 
innumerable perils and accidents, and 
nine days of unwearied labour brought 
the ship to open water. Here she was 
joined by the ' Surprise ' and ' Martin,' 



which had followed in her track; and 
the little squadion entered the St. Law- 
rence under a heavy fall of snow." Sir 
Charles' arrival in the basin of (Quebec, 
the 6th of May, at once raised the siege ;* 
and he immediately became commodore 
of the British fleet in the St. Lawrence.' 
|an. 23, 1777, soon .ifter his return to 
England, he was created a baronet in 
recognition of his important service in 
relieving Quebec.^ Fullom says " His 
activity excited the .vonder of his Russian 
friends, as they weie aware that the death 
of a relative had brought him an inde- 
pendence, and he had refused the most 
tenipting offers to remain in Russia. 
Admiral Greig wrote to him from St. 
Pet-rsburg in 1777, '1 have just been 
dining with Count Panim, who inquired 
after you with professions of great esteem 
and regard. He said that he was sur- 
prised to find that you still served at 
home, after havmg declined service here, 
from the easy and affluent fortune be- 
queathed to you. I told him I did not 
imagine any change of fortune or circum- 
stances would make you decline the ser- 
vice of your native country, whenever 
your services were required.' "9 March 
18, 1777, the Stirling Castle, of 64 guns, 
was put into commission, and Sir Charles 
was appointed to command her.'" This 
ship was the slowest sailer of the fieet, 
being in the nautical parlance of that day, 
a haystack ; but her commander managed 



38 



298 



Haddens Orderly Books. 



Provisions may be drawn for the Women of 
the different Regiments, not exceeding 16 per 
Battalion or 2 per Company, but these Rations 
are to be accounted and paid for to the Pay- 
Master General in like manner for those of the 
Soldiers and others. 



to get her up so as to participate in 
Admiral Keppel's great victory over the 
French fleet ofFUshant, July 27, 1778, 
she being in the division oF Sir Robert 
Harland, Vice-Admiral of the Red." 
In the memorable courts martial of Ad- 
miral Keppel ani Vice-Admiral Sir Hugh 
Palliser, grjwing out of that naval en- 
gagement, Sir Charles was a witness." 
Soon after this action, upon Capt Brere- 
ton of the Duke, of 98 guns, being dis- 
missed for misconduct, Sir Charles was 
appointed to the command of that ship, 
and served in the channel fleet. In the 
Duke he applied his mechanical ability 
to improving the serving of guns, by 
using locks instead of matches, and to 
such good purpose that the improvement 
was universally adopted throughout the 
navy. '3 

Upon the death of Lord Rodney's 
favorite officer, Capt. Young, Sir Charles 
Douglas was recommended by the Lords 
of the Admiralty as a fit successor; and 
accordingly, in 178 1, he became first 
captain of the Formidable, the flagship of 
Lord Rodney, the commander in chief 
on the West India station. As captain 
of the fleer, an officer whose functions 
nearly correspond with those of adjutant- 
general of an army, he distinguished 
himself in the engagement with the 
Count de Grasse on the 9th and 12th of 
April, 1782; and to his advice and assist- 
ance, it is said, the commander in chief 
attributed no small share of the success 
achieved. The claim of Sir Charles' 
credit of breaking the line in th it. action 
it put forward by his son. Major General 



Sir Howard Douglas, who gives the state- 
ment of Sir Charles Dashwood, an aid de 
camp to the commanJer in chief, though 
then only a boy of 13 ypars. If that 
letter is worthy of credit Sir Charles 
Douglas is entitlei to the honor of being 
instrumental in breaking the French 
line.''' Sir Charles when pressed upon 
the subject, always replied — '' We had a 
great deal to do, Sir; and I believe you 
will alljw we did a great deal." Lord 
Rodney thus spoke of him in public dis- 
patches : — *' My own Captain, Sir Charles 
Douglas merits everything I can possibly 
say : his unremitting diligence and ac- 
tivity greatly eased me in the unavoidable 
fatigue of the day." 

The manner in which Sir Charles met 
the attempts of some to detract from 
Lord Rodney's fame by attributing an 
undue share of the credit of the victory 
to Sir Charles himself, is best shown in 
a letter to Major Gen. Munday from Sir 
Gilbert Blane, who was Lord Rodney's 
medical attendant, and accompanied him 
in the action of April 12, 1782. Sir 
Gilbert says — "Sir Charles Douglas 
always, in so far as 1 ever heard him 
speak on the subject, rejected all com- 
pliments to himself at the expense of 
Lord Rodney. This is perhaps imprinted 
on my memory the deeper from what 
occurred after dinner one day at my 
house, when one of the company com- 
plimented Sir Charles on the superior 
share he had in the great victory. Sir 
Charles answered that he would accept 
of no compliment at the expense of Lord 
Rodney; and added the words I alluded 



Hadden's Orderly Books. 299 



After G. O. 

The Commander in Chief delayed to repri- 
mand in Orders, the insolent, shameful, and un- 
grateful Clamour made at the Evening Parade of 
Tuesday last, by the 31st and 47th Regiments, in 



to, namely, ' to tell the person who told 
him so to keep his breath to cool his 
pudding." " '5 The testimony of Richard 
Cumberland on this point, as contained 
in his Memoirs, page 170, is as follows — 
" My friend. Sir Charles Douglas, captain 
of the fleet confessed to me that he him- 
self had been adverse to the experiment, 
and in discussing it with the admiral had 
stated his objections ; to these he got no 
other answer but that ' his counsel was 
not called for ; he required obedience 
only, he did not want advice.'" The 
same writer adHs in the Supplement, page 
329, this further statement — ' I must 
also beg leave to add t.lat my friend Sir 
Charles Douglas, upon his return to 
England, expressly declared to me that 
the merit of cutting the French line, 
rested entirely with his admiral, and that 
his own opinion ever went against it." 
Cumberland also relates this anecdote, 
page 170 — "sir Charles also told me 
that whilst this project was in opera- 
tion " — viz., that of forcing the enemy's 
line — •• (ihe battle then ragmg), his own 
attention being occupied by the gallant 
defence made by the Glorieux against the 
ships that were pouring their fire into 
her, upon his crying out, ' Behold, Sir 
George, the Greeks and Troj.ins con- 
tending for the body of Patroclus ! ' the 
admiral then pacing the deck in great 
agitation, finding the experiment of the 
manoeuvre, which, in the instance of 
one ship, had unavoidably miscarried, 
peevishly exclaimed, ' D — n the Greeks, 
and d — n the Trojans ! I have other 



things to think of When in a few 
minutes later, the supporting ship having 
led through the French line in a gallant 
style, turning with a smile of joy to Sir 
Charles Douglas, he cried out. ' Now my 
dear friend, I am at the service of your 
Greeks and Trojans, and the whole of 
Homer's Iliad, or as much of it as you 
please; for the enemy is in confusion, 
and our victory is secure.' " 'S 

In October, 1783, Sir Charles hoisted 
his broad pendant on board the Assist- 
ance, of 50 guns, in which ship he pro- 
ceeded to assume the chief command on 
the Nova Scotia station, but getting dis- 
gusted at some proceedings of the Ad- 
miralty and Naval Boards, he begged to 
be recalled ; '* and consequently he was 
relieved by Commodore Herbert Sawyer 
the next year.*" The Georgian Era, vol 
2, p. 506, says he was not relieved until 
1786. Sept. 24, 1787, during the pre- 
parations for war, Sir Charles was pro- 
moted to be a rear-admiral of the Blue,'' 
and about a month before his death he 
was again appointed to go to Nova Scotia 
as commander in chief. 

He died March 10, 1789. One 
account says he fell in a fit of apoplexy 
as he was entering a public meeting at 
Edinburgh, and instantly expired. His 
son's biographer, however, gives this 
relation of hi? last illness : " In the 
spring of 1789 Sir Charles Douglas was 
appointed commander in chief on a 
foreign station and hoisted his flag at 
Portsmouth, when he paid a hasty visit 
to Scotland, to bring away Howard (his 



;oo Hadaens Orderly Books, 



hopes, and in expectation that the Displeasure 
he expressed to the Commanding Officers of 
those Corps, with his Orders to communicate the 
same immediately to the Officers of Companies, 
would have produced such visible and equal 
marks of Contrition, as might have justified him 
in suffering the matter to rest thenceforward in 
Silence. His Excellepcy has been in some 
measure disappointed, and he has therefore in 
justice to both Regiments, left it in charge to 
take public notice of the difference of their be- 
haviour. 



son), and take him on board his own 
ship to sea. He arrived at Musselburg 
in the midst of the excitement caused by 
the recovery oi George III from his first 
illness, and intended to take part in the 
rejoicing, but a sudden attack of illness 
■confined him to his room. This was 
not allowed to interfere v.'ith the enjoy- 
ment of his children, and they went to a 
juvenile ball at a neighbour's, given in 
honor of the occasion. It is indicative 
■of the thoughtful kindness inherent in 
Howard that he ran over from the dance 
to see his father several times during the 
evening. He found him compbinmg of 
pain in the head, and saw that he was 
disturbed by the glare of the illumination, 
which he proposed to shut out by d irken- 
ing the window. ' God forbid that my 
window should be the first darkened on 
such a night as this ! ' said the old Ad- 
miral, showing his ruling passion of 
loyalty strong in death ; for these were 
his last words. He was seized with 
apoplexy during the night, and the morn- 
ing f;und him dead." '^ 

His first wife was a Dutch lady of 
rank who died in 1769, and who bore 
him two sons and a daughter. His second 
wife was Mrs. Jane Wood, daughter of 
John Balllie, and by her he had another 



son. Sir Charles was succeeded by his 
eldest son, William Henry, a vice admiral 
of the Blue; at whose death, in 1809, 
unmarried, the title devolved upon Sir 
Charles' son by his second wife, Howard, 
a lieutenant-general in the army, colonel 
of the 15th Foot, and governor of New 
Brunswick.' 

Sir Charles Douglas was an officer of 
much merit ; indeed. Sir Gilbert Blane 
calls him the most enlightened and 
scientific officer with whom he was ever 
acquainted. '9 Sir Charles, likewise pos- 
sessed considerable mechanical ability, 
and he was so excellent a linguist that 
he spoke six languages with great correct- 
ness A writer in the Gentleman's 
Magizine says, " Sir Charles was a very 
good, a very brave, and a very honest 
man." '6 [' B. R : D. J : D. N. 2. 
^ D. N. 3. 3 E. v. 506: A. T. 18, 
43. 4 I. B. 324. 5 D. N. 4, 5 * H. 
456. ^ H. F. 602. 8 B. R. " D. N. 
6. '° H. G. 270. " E. v. 506 : M. I. 
147. '^ M. J. 121, 228. '3 D. Y. 
277: M. J. 333: H. K. 74, 266. 
'♦ D. N.7-9 : B. Z. Z. 86 : B. Z. 
540, Article on John Clerk. '5 I. G. 
305. '6 E. V. 506: D. Y. 277. '7 X. 
234. '8 D N. ,4. 19 I. G. 231 
='° F. O. 



Hadciens Orderly Books, 301 

The 47th Regiment have not ceased through 
their Commanding Officer to acknowledge their 
offence and to testify their penitence, and in such 
terms of Decency and respect, as make due atone- 
ment, and restore them to the good opinion they 
before deserved. 

The 31st have not only been deficient in such 
representations, but the Lieutenant Colonel suf- 
fered Rum to be delivered, notwithstanding he 
had received an express prohibition upon the 
subject from the General's own mouth. 

It is a painful necessity to include other Officers 
in this regimental Censure, but it can hardly be 
supposed, if the Subject of Rum had been properly 
explained, that men could be so devoid of Duty 
and Reason as to expect indulgencies never 
granted to any Army ; absolutely impossible to 
be complied with in the present service, and 
were it otherwise, improper and prejudicial. 

The Officers are required and ordered to make 
these truths known to the men, and those who 
want recollection are to be taught to reflect on 
the numerous and unprecedented favours already 
heaped upon this Army, by the King, their 
Countrymen at Home, and their own Officers. 

The impression of just principles carefully in- 
stilled, soon becomes visible and certain, and 
Soldiers so prepared, will ever consider that 
Decency, Regularity, Subordination and respect 



302 H add en's Orderly Books, 

to their Officers, when out of Action, are the 
best and most honorable pledges they can offer 
to their Superiors for trusting to their hands, 
when they shall meet the Enemy, the Glory of 
His Majesty's Arms, and the Vindication of the 
Rights of Great Britain. 

Rum will be allowed to the Regiments to Day, 
the 31st Regiment excepted. 



Isle aux Noix, 5th October, 1776. 

Parole — William and Stade. 

The Brunswick and Hessian Troops will fur- 
nish Men for the Duties of the Island in propor- 
tion to their Numbers. 

When the Regiments move they will carry in 
each Boat, at least fourteen Days Provision for 
the Number of Men the Boats contain. They 
will therefore prepare and accommodate their 
Baggage, so as to be sure of leaving Stowage for 
that essential Article. 

All the Batteaux are to be examined imme- 
diately and such as are leaky to be reported. 

The Quarter Master General and Camp Color 
Men of the British at the Isle aux Noix to be 
ready to go forward tomorrow Morning. 



Hadden's Orderly Books. 303 

Camp at the Isle aux Noix, October 6th, 1776. 

P^ro/^— Phillip. C. 5.— Munster. 

The Troops to receive Biscuit for to Day, 
instead of Bread and the British are besides to 
receive Bread and Provisions for tomorrow. 

The Quarter Masters and Camp Color Men 
of the ist Brigade, British, are to proceed to the 
Riviere La Colle this afternoon, to take up the 
Ground that shall be given for their respective 
Regiments by Captain Harrington, Assistant 
Quarter Master General. 

The Brigade will load their Store of Provisions, 
according to the Orders of yesterday, this Even- 
ing, Bread excepted, which will be kept back 
till Morning to prevent its being damaged. 

The British will beat the General, instead of 
the Reveille at Daybreak tomorrow, and strike 
their Tents immediately. An Hour will be 
allowed for loading the Baggage, after which the 
Assembly will beat, and the Regiments embark. 

The Brunswick and Hessian Troops will take 
the whole Guards of the Island at 5 o'clock this 
Evening. 

Isle aux Noixy jth October. 
Parole — Henry and Hanover. 



304 Had den's Orderly Books, 

Riviere a la Colie^ 8th October. 
Parole — Francis and Friezland. 

Riviere a la CollCy 9th October. 
Parole — Ignatius and Julien. 

Riviere a la Collet i oth October, 
Parole — Lewis and Lorraine. 

La Colle, 1 1 th. 
Moses and Moselle. 

La Colky i2th. 
Parole — Stephen and Sweden. 

La Pointe au Per, 1 3th October. 
Peter and Prussia. 

Pointe au Per, \\th. 
Parole — Rodolph and Russia. 

Isle a la Motte, 1 5M. 
Parole — Lazarus and Lapland. 

Pointe au Sable , October i6th, 1776. 
Parole — Pius and Prague. 



Hadden*s Orderly Books, 305 



Evening G. O. 

[This is given in the Journal ante p. 30.] 

Crown Pointy ijth October^ ^77^- 

Parole — Augustus and Austria. 

It is the Commander in Chief's positive Orders 
that no Soldier or Follower of the Army do pre- 
sume to molest any of the Inhabitants at Crown 
Point, or on either side of the Lake, in their Per- 
sons or Property ; they are to be considered as 
British Subjects, who have already suffered much 
by the residence of a lawless Banditti amongst 
them. The inhabitants are well disposed to 
offer to all, whatever they can spare, and ready 
money is to be paid for it. Officers command- 
ing Regiments are to give great attention in 
explaining these Orders to the Men, as his Ex- 
cellency is determined to give directions to punish 
the transgression of them with the utmost 
Severity of Martial Law. 

Crown Point f i^t/u 
Parole — Hughes and Hesse. 

Crown Point, 19M. 
Parole — Alexander and Aleppo. 
39 



3o6 H addends Orderly Books, 

Sunday^ 20th. 
Parole — Leopold and Lyons. 

[Here follows a break in the Orders until June, 1777, but 
as the Orders in Burgoyne's Orderly Book begin June 20th, 
1777, no order printed in that volume, or in Lieut. Haddcn's 
Journal, will be printed here ; and hence there will be many 
and, frequently, long breaks in the continuity of dates here- 
after. — Editor.'] 

By Major General Phillips. 
B. O. [Crown Point, June 30th, iJJJ.^^^ 

The Regiments will strike Tents and put them 
on Board their Batteaux immediately on the 
General beating, and when the Assembly beats, 
they will embark. The Camp Guard will strike 
their Tents and join their respective Regiments 
a little before the Assembly beats. 

Captain Hosmer's division of Gun Boats con- 
sisting of those left with the Army after Captain 
Mitchelson was detached from Crown Point, is 
to assemble afloat in the Gun Boats in the middle 
of the stream between Crown Point and Chim- 
ney Point at day break in the morning, and 
move between the two wings of the Army and 
as near with the heads of the Columns as possible. 

gk. The date ot this Brigade Order By reference to Hadden's Journal it will 

is not given as it follows a General be seen that tlie British army, then at 

Order of the same place and date, which Crown Point, embarked July ist, the day 

were doubtless intended to apply to this, after the order in the text was issued. 



Haddens Orderly Books, 307 

When the Army encamps they will lay off at 
about one hundred yards advanced from the Line 
of Encampment and wait for orders. Should the 
water be too deep to anchor in the middle of the 
Channel, they are to divide in two divisions, one 
of which is to anchor on the West side at the 
head of the right wing of the Army ; the other 
on the East shore at the head of the left wing, 
but to be prepared to land the Guns immediately. 
(Signed) Wm. Phillips, 

M. G. 



Division Orders by Capt Hosmer. 

The Guns to be got down to the water side 
and the Camp struck immediately and embark'd 
after Gun fire; the Guns to be put on board at 
two in the morning, and the Boats moved to the 
station assign'd them in the Brigade Orders of 
this day. 

By Major General Phillips. 

Extract of Brigade Orders, ist July, 1777. 

Major General Phillips is sorry he is under the 
Necessity of repeati?ig what he thought would have 
been sufficiently i?n pressed upon the Officers f?iinds^ 
that Fatigues and Difficulties would certainly attend 
this Campaign, but that he expected^ and made no 



3o8 Hadderi's Orderly Books, 

doubt they would go through both with Cheerfulness, 
with Credit to themselves, and with due Obedience 
and Zeal for the King s Service. 

The Major General desires the utmost Alert- 
ness & Dispatch in all the different Movements 
of the Army, and particularly upon coming to 
fresh Ground, and in a Campaign such as this, 
that Officers act, from their own lights, and not 
tediously wait for fresh Intelligence, and new 
Orders, in Matters which should go on from 
day to day ; & it is to be observed that all Orders 
and Regulations are to be considered as Standing 
Orders, unless contradicted. He hopes no Offi- 
cer during the present critical Situation of the 
Army be ever out of Camp unless upon Duty, & 
that they will every morning, as soon as it is 
light, reconnoitre, and become perfectly ac- 
quainted with the Ground all round their own 
Camp, and also as it bears towards any other of 
the Army. 

The Major General does not wish to have it 
supposed that he is dissatisfied with the Corps he 
has the honor particularly to command, but they 
cannot but be sensible that some things have 
happened not quite to his satisfaction : he does 
assure them that when they give him Cause to 
Interest himself for their Credit and Honor, he 
will do it with indefatigable Zeal, and the most 
Cordial Friendship. 



Haddens Orderly Books, 309 

All orders to be most Carefully read to the 
men every day, and the particulars explained to 
them by an Officer. 



By Major General Phillips. 

Skeenesborough, 18 July. 

A Captain's Guard to mount with the Colors 
of the eldest Regiment tomorrow morning upon 
the Congress with the Indian Nation. 

It is Maj'r Gen'l Phillips most positive orders, 
that the Officers are in a particular manner at- 
tentive in the examination of Ammunition Carts 
upon a March, and whatever they find loaded in 
any of them, which is not a part of Artillery 
Proportion, it is to be taken out and burn'd, and 
the offender punished on the spot by the sen- 
tence of a Field Court Martial. 

The Men are to carry their Knapsacks, Haver- 
sacks and Blankets as is usual with the Troops; 
their Tents and Poles will be put into Country 
Carts appointed for that use. The General and 
his Major of Brigade will also inspect the Line 
of March, and should any Officer (which can 
scarce be imagined) be neglectful of his Duty in 
these instances, he must expect without distinc- 
tion to his Rank, to be brought to a Public ex- 
amination. 



3 1 o Had dell's Orderly Books. 

By Major General Phillips. 
Brigade Orders. Fort George, August 4th, 1777. 

Captain Carter is appointed Commissary of 
Horses to the Royal Artillery: Lieutenants Dun- 
bar and Rimington are to act as Assistant Commis- 
saries till further Orders ; Lieutenant Dunbar to 
have charge of the Brigades attached to the 
Wings of the Army and to the advanced Corps 
and German Reserve ; Lieutenant Rimington ^^ to 
have charge of the Brigades of the Park and all 
the Trains attending of it 



By Major General Phillips. 
Brigade Orders. Fort Edward, August 7th, 1777. 
Major General Phillips signifies to the Com- 



gl. Samuel Rimington, enlisted as a 
private in the Royal Artillery in January, 
1757 ; and after fourteen years service 
was commissioned as a 2d lieutenant 
March 5, 1771, in the First Battalion 
then in America. He belonged to the 
artillery detachment that served in Canada 
in 1776, and under Burgoyne in 1777. 
Aug. 4, 1777, by order ot Gen. Phillips, 
he was appointed Assistant Commissary 
of Horses to the Royal Artillery, r.nd had 
charge of the brij^ades of the Park of 
Artillciy and all the trains attached to it. 
On the march of the army after crossing 
the Hudson, he was attached to the 
artillery of the Right Division. He was 
included in the Saratoga Convention and 
remained a prisoner until Sept. 3, 1781, 
when he was exchanged ; after which he 
served in New York. During his 



captivity he was promoted to a first 
lieutenancy, his commission bearing date 
July 7, 1779. He became a captain- 
lieutenant Dec. I, 1782, and a captain 
March 24, 1791, his being No 8 Com- 
pany, 4th Battalion, now " E " Battery, 
1st Brigade. He became a major in the 
army March i, 1794; and a lieut.- 
colonel therein Jan. 1, 1798; a major 
in the artillery July 13, 1799; and a 
lieut. -colonel Nov. 12, 1800. He was 
transferred to the Invalid Battalion Feb. 
10, 1802. He became a colonel in the 
army April 25, 1808, and a major- 
general June 4, 1811; and he was 
placed on major-general's pay June 25, 
1814. He became a lieut. -general July 
19, 1821. and he died in January, 1826, 
leaving issue. [G. U: C. Z. 261: 
K. J. 64: E. Z: B. H: D. P. 113.] 



Hadde7i's Orderly Books. 3 1 1 

manding Officers of Brigades, that he h^sreason 
to suppose that the Am7nunition and Canadian Carts 
breaking down have been owing to their being 
overloaded, whereas the proportion of Ammuni- 
tion and Stores for each does not amount to more 
than 800 Weight, a calculation which they will 
very well bear ; the overplus weight must there- 
fore have been Baggage, or some other improper 
Loading; and the Commanding Officers of 
Brigades must be sensible that nothing ought to 
be loaded upon Artillery Carriages, but such 
Stores as absolutely belong to the Service : it is 
the Major General's most positive Orders that 
the Officers are in a particular manner attentive 
in the Examination of the Ammunition Carts 
upon a March, and whatever they find loaded in 
any of them, which is not a part of the Artillery 
proportion it is to be taken out, a fire to be 
made, and such Baggage or Luggage is to be 
immediately burned; and in order to prevent 
intirely any infraction of this order, the Officers 
are to make this inspection of Ammunition 
Carts very frequently in a Day's March, and 
whatever Non Commissioned Officer, Soldier, or 
Artificer, shall be detected in having put any- 
thing in an Ammunition Cart or Waggon, he is 
to be tried upon the Spot by a Field Regimental 
Court Martial, when it is not doubted but the 
most severe punishment will be inflicted ; and 



312 Hadden's Orderly Books, 

the Major General does, in the most positive 
and direct manner, make the Commissioned Offi- 
cers of Brigades and the other Officers answerable 
for strict Observance and due Obedience to this 
Order, that the King's Service may not suffer or 
be retarded from any motive of private Con- 
venience, contrary to every Custom, and every 
strict Rule of Discipline and of Service. 

The Men are to carry their Knapsacks, Haver- 
sacks, and Blankets as is usual with the Troops, 
but their Tents, Poles &c. are to be carried for 
them in Country Carts, a proportion of which is 
fixed to each Brigade. 

Orders are given to the Major of Brigade to 
visit the Artillery on their March, and to report 
whether these regulations are adhered to, and 
the Major General will himself inspect the 
Order of the March, and if he finds any disobe- 
dience to this most serious, necessary and positive 
Order, he will, if a Non Commissioned Officer, 
or Soldier, order him to be punished on the 
Spot ; if it should unfortunately happen (which 
can scarce be imagined) that an Officer should 
be in any Shape neglectful of his Duty in these 
Instances, he must expect without distinction to 
Person or Rank, to be brought to a public Ex- 
amination. 



Madden s Orderly Books. 313 

G. O. August 18M, ijjj.iP^ 

It having been a practice for Officers to order to 
be taken from the Provision Train in the Service of 
the Kifig for this Army^ the Carts and Horses for 
carrying Baggage and other purposes^ by which the 
Transport of Provisions has been destroyed, the 
Carts broken, and the Horses destroyed ; to avoid 
for the future these dangerous inconveniences for the 
Service, 9>^ it is in the most positive manner ordered, 
that no Carts or Horses are to be used but for the 
public Transports of the Army, nor are any to be 
employed without the knowledge of the Com- 
missary and assistant Commissary of Horse, and 
of the Waggon Master to the Army, and these 
Officers are on no account to suffer any of the 
Provisions and Train to be used for any other 
purpose but in the Transport of Provisions, Bat- 

gm. In Burgoyne's Orderly Book this " It having been a practice for officers 

order has, over the date, as the place to order to be taken from the Provision 

where it was issued, " Camp at Duer's Train in the service of the King," — are 

House." It also has preceding the to be found in the manuscript Burgoyne's 

body of the text as given above, — Orderly Book. The remainder of so much 

" Parole St. Louis. of the order as is contained in the printed 

Countersign, Paris. Burgoyne's Orderly Book, has been 

" Field Officer British Picquet, Lieut.- copied, without acknowledgment, from 

Colo. Hilly " A Supplement to the State of the 

The printed Burgoyne's Orderly Biiok Expedition " 
contains only as much of the above order 

as is in Italics. Of the parts in Burgoyne's gn. In " A Supplement to the State 

Orderly Book only the following words, of the Expedition," and therefore in the 

viz. — printed Burgoyne's Orderly Book, for 

"Camp at Duer's House, 1 8th Aug., 1777. the words — "these dangerous incon- 

" Parole, St. Louis. veniences for the service," — as found in 

Countersign, Paris. Hadden's Orderly Books, is printed, — 

" Field Officer British Picquet, Lieut.- " this danger and inconvenience to the 

Col'o. Hill." service." 

40 



314 Haddens Orderly Books. 

teaux, or public Stores, without the immediate 
order of his Excellency the Lieutenant General, 
the Quarter Master General, or his Assistants ; 
nor is any Officer being accidentally Commanding 
Officer at any Post, to interfere with the Provision 
Train in any other manner than to give it every 
Aid and Assistance ii^ which he ts on all occasions 
to do. 

By Major General Phillips. 

General Orders. UP August 19M, 1777. 

Major General Phillips has heard with the 
utmost astonishment, that notwithstanding his 
most serious and positive Orders of the i6th 
Instant, O^l that no Carts should be used for 
any purpose whatever, but the Transport of 
Provisions, unless by particular Orders from the 
Commander in Chief, &c. &c. as expressed in 

go. In " A Supplement to the State No order tor August 19th, is contained 

of the Expedition," and therefore in the in Bunioyne's Orderly Book, but the 

printed Burgoyne's Orderly Book, following explanation of the omission is 

the words "in his power," — follow given: — " [Orders of the 19th missing 

— " every aid and assistance," — and pre- in the MS. at Head Quarters.]" 

cede, — " which he is on all occasions to In the MS. referred to, at Head 

Jq " (2u2''fcs, two or three pages ha\e been 

torn out. 

gf. This order was probably issued 

at Fort Edward, as in the order of gq. It would seem as if this date was 

August 17th in Burgoyne's Orderly a mistake, and should read the 18th, 

Book issued at Camp at Duer's House, and refer to the next preceding order, 

this clause occurs: — "The 47th Regi- which was probably issued by Major 

mentis to march tomorrow morning to General Phillips in the temporary absence 

Fort Edward, where they will receive of the lieut.-general, as well as this order 

Orders from Major General Phillips." of the 19th. 



Haddens Orderly Books, 315 

the Order, there are this day about thirty Carts 
on the Road loaden with Baggage, said to be the 
Lieutenant General's. 

Major General Phillips being perfectly ac- 
quainted with his Excellency's Sentiments upon 
this subject, that he would on no account suffer 
his private conveniency to interfere with the 
public Transports of Provisions, to the great 
amount of it, if true, as it has been reported, is 
sure his Excellency will mark the strongest re- 
sentment at this very indecent disobedience of 
General Orders. 

The Major General orders the Commanding 
Officer at Fort George to make a most strict 
report how this could possibly have happened 
after the Orders had been given out to send the 
Name or Names of Persons, who ordered these 
Carts to take Baggage, and unless it is an Order 
of some superior to the Commanding Officer at 
Fort George he ought not to have suffered such 
a Transaction. 

The Report to be made immediately and these 
General Orders to be given out directly, as a 
strong reproof to those who have been guilty of 
this shocking neglect to the public Service ; and 
to mark that the General Officers of this Army 
do not mean to countenance such Conduct. 



3 1 6 Hadde?i*s Orderly Books. 

By Major General Phillips. 

B. O. September 7111,1777. 

By Major General Phillips there is reason to 
suppose that the Park of Artillery does not get 
the General Orders of the Day, and that even 
the Parole and Countersign is not known in the 
Camp of the Park. 

This seems to be so very uncommon a neglect 
that it must be owing to some particular cause, 
which Major Williams will point out, that it 
may be remedied. 

The dangerous consequences of a want of 
Orders are too plain to need explaining. When- 
ever the Adjutant cannot go for Orders, a Non- 
commissioned Officer should be sent to the 
Major of Brigade for them. 

By Major General Phillips. 

Brigade Orders. 

Sara Toga, September 14th, 1777. 

To all Brigades of Artillery there are certain 
proportions of Powder and Stores allotted, that 
in case any Division is detach'd, it may always 
have with it every necessary material for the 
service ; and the Waggons, Carts, and Horses 
belonging to such proportions of Stores, are to be 



Haddens Orderly Books. 317 

under the immediate care of the Conductor of 
Horses belonging to such Brigade to which they 
are allotted : the remaining Waggons and Carts 
containing Powder, Entrenching Tools, and 
other various Stores, is usually called the Reserve 
of the Park, is to be drawn up in the rear of the 
Brigade of Artillery, is to have a Conductor of 
Horses for its service, and has attached to it such 
Clerks of Stores, Conductors and Artificers as do 
not immediately belong to the Brigades. 

When all the Park division are together, they 
form one Brigade, and the Line of March should 
not be intermixed with any Carts or Waggons 
containing any other Stores than the Ammuni- 
tion : the Baggage, Powder, Entrenching Tools, 
and Waggons belonging to the several Divisions 
are to fall into the rear immediately after the 
Guns and Ammunition. 

Captain Carter's Brigade of the Artillery of 
th'j Park under Major Williams is to be formed 
into three Divisions. — 

A Right. Centre. Left. 

The right and left Divisions to consist of the i 2 
and 6 Pounders as before. The Centre Division 
to consist of the Howitzers and 24 Pounders : the 
line of the Park is to be drawn up as before, the 
two 24 Pounders being the Centre Pieces ot the 
Artillery. 



3i8 Hadden^s Orderly Books. 

Line of March by the Right. 

Right Division. \ 2 Light 6 Pounders. 
I 2 Medium 12 do. 

f I Royal Howitzer. 

I I Eight Inch do. 

Centre Division. -| 2 24. Pounders. 

I I Eight Inch Howitzer. 
[ I Royal Do. 

Left Division. f 2 Medium 1 2 Pounders. 
I 2 Light 6 Pounders. 

The Ammunition Waggons and Carts belong- 
ing to each nature of Artillery to follow im- 
mediately after their proper Guns and Howitzers. 



To follow immediately this Line of March. ~ 

Baggage Waggons of the Companies. 

Spare Carriages. 

Entrenching Tool Waggons. 

Powder Waggons. 

Conductors and Artificers Carts of the three 
Divisions. 

I Forge Cart. 

Surgeons and Mates Medicine Carts. 

Major Williams' Baggage. 



Hadden's Orderly Books, 319 

Captain Carter's do. 

Officers' do. 

Baggage of the Civil Branch. 

The Reserve Train. 

Whenever the Artillery is ordered to march 
w^ithout Baggage, there will nothing presume to 
follow the line of March but the Artillery, its 
Ammunition, spare Carriages, and Entrenching 
Tools, and Surgeons and Medicine Carts, Carts 
with Artificers Tools and Forge. 

Major Williams' and Captain Carter's Com- 
panies to furnish an equal proportion of Men for 
the Centre Division : Subalterns for the Right 
Division are Lieutenants Rimington and Cox ; 
Left Division Lieutenants York and Davids : 
Centre Division Lieutenants Houghton, Dysart 
and Collier. 

These Officers are on this day to make a 
general Survey of the Ammunition Waggons and 
Carts, to see that the Stores are all in order, and to 
instruct the Noncommissioned Officers in what 
manner they are to be got at when wanted ; the 
Arms of the Guns as well as their Boxes and 
Vents, are to be examined to see that no dirt be 
lodged, or any obstacle to their service. 

A general Exercise of the Detachment to be 
on this day at the most convenient Hour, and 



320 Hadde7i's Orderly Books, 

everything to be prepared for immediate Service 
and Action, that Major Williams may report it 
accordingly at Gun firing this Evening, in order 
that the Major General may make his report to 
the Commander in Chief. 

Whatever men may be wanting to make up 
the number of Eighteen to each piece of Artillery, 
are to be given this day by the Detachment of 
the 33rd Regiment. 

Lieutenants Dysart and Collier to immediately 
join the Park, and encamp w^ith it till further 
orders. 

Captain Bloomfield, Major of Brigade, having 
desired in the present want of Captains to do his 
Duty in the Park, the Major General allows of 
it, and he will be ordered to such parts of the 
Artillery occasionally as may most require it : 
he is therefore to make himself acquainted 
with the Right and Centre Divisions, in order 
that he may be posted to either of them when 
ordered. Captain Hosmer will have such parts 
of the Artillery as move with the Left Wing as 
usual. Captain Carter will inspect every part of 
his Brigade. Major Williams will take his Post 
and change it as he sees most for the good of the 
Service. 

The detached Brigades will take their orders 
from the Generals with whom they immediately 
serve, and report directly to the Major General. 



Hadden'^s Orderly Books. 321 

[But little of" the following Order of October ist, 1777, is 
primed in Burgoyne's Orderly Book, and the fragment given 
therein ends with the announcement "[Two leaves missing from 
the original manuscript]." The order therefore, as found in 
Lieut. Hadden's Orderly Books, is produced in full. The part 
in Italics is printed in Burgoyne's Orderly Book. — Editor.'] 



By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. 

G. O. October ist, 1777. 

In consequence of authentic Letters received by 
the Lieutenant General froju Brigadier General 
Powel at Ticonderoga, * and Captain Aubery in' of 
the \lth Regimetit commanding at Diamond Island 
in Lake George. 



gr. Thomas Aubrey belonged to a 
very ancient family, and was the second 
son of Sir Thomas Aubrey, Bart., by 
his wife, Martha, eldest daughter of 
Richard Carter, Esq , of Chilton, in 
Buckinghamshire." He entered the 
British army Oct. 26, 1762, as an ensign 
in the 9th Foot, and served in Florida. 
March 27, 1765, he was promoted to a 
lieutenancy in the 62d Foot, then at, or 
about to embark for, the Caribbee Is- 
lands, and May 17th, 1766, he ex- 
changed into the 4th, 01 King's Own. 
April 30, 1771, he became a captain in 
the 47th Foot, then in Ireland, and two 
years later, he accompanied his regiment 
to America, where he served through 
the Revolutionary war.^ He was under 
Gage in 1775, and commanded a com- 
pany of the 47th at the battle of Bunker 
Hill. 3 Sir William Howe sent the 47th 
to Canada, in the spring of 1776, to re- 
inforce Gen. Carleton, and Capt. Aubrey 

4» 



went with it, taking part in the expulsion 
of the Americans from that province. 
In 1777, he accompanied Burgoyne's 
disastrous expedition, but escaped the 
fate of the bulk of that general's army, 
as, when it crossed the Hudson, Sept. 
13th and 14th, he, with two companies 
ut' the 47th, was posted on Diamond 
Island, about the centre of Lake George, 
for the purpose of forwarding provisions 
across the lake. Sept, 24th, the Amer- 
icans attacked Capt. Aubrey's command, 
but were repulsed with loss, grejtiy to 
the captain's credit.^ After Burgoyne's 
surrender all the British posts between 
Saratoga and Canada were hastily aban- 
doned, and the troops withdrawn to the 
latter province ; in which Capt. 
Aubrey served during the remainder of 
the war. In the summer of 1778 he 
was sent by Gen. Haldimand with the 
three companies of the 4-, th regiment 
remaining in Canada, a detachment of 



32 2 Hadderfs Of^derly Books. 

The Army is informed that the Enemy having 
found means to cross the Mountains betweefi Skenes- 
borough and Lake George, and having marched 
with another Corps from Hubbertown, a sudden 
and general Attack was made in the morning of 
the 1 8th upon the carrying Place at Lake George, 
Sugar Hill, Ticonderoga, and Mount Independ- 
ence. 



Sir John Johnson's corps, together with 
a body of artificers under Lieut. Twiss, 
of the Engineers, to establish a post at 
the entrance of Lake Ontario ; of which 
post Capt. Aubrey remained in command 
for a long time. 5 Gen. Haldimand 
wrote to Lord George Germaine as 
follows : 

«' Camp at Sorci, i^tA Oct., 1778. 

«< .Vly Lord I sent Mr. Twiss 

of the Engineers with Capt. Aubrey and 
three Go's remaining of the 47tli Reg't 
in Canada, a Detachment from Sir John 
Johnson's Corps, together with a Body 
of Artificers, to establish a Post at the 
entrance of Lake Ontario, to serve the 
purposes of a safe place for the Traders 
to send their goods to, which go from 
Montreal in Boats, till the King's vessels, 
now the only craft allowed to navigate 
the Lakes, can be spared from the more 
urgent services, to transport them to 
Niagara, a secure harbor for these vessels, 
and a defence against the enterprises of 
the Rebels upon this province by that 
great avenue into it. I also sent up 
with the same party Lieut. Shanks of 
the Navy (who has been employed upon 
Lake Champlain) and is the Commis- 
sioner of the Dock Yards, for the benefit 
of his judgment with regard to the best 
places for a Harbor, and with orders to 
construct as soon as possible for that 
Lake, a number of Gun Boats which are 
useful in so many respects. I sent him 



also the Inspection and arrangement of 
the King's vessels tliere. 

" The Place pitched upon by these 
Gentlemen, after having been carefully 
examined, Cataraqui, is an Island about 
12 miles below the entrance of Lake 
Ontario, having Grande Isle on one side 
from which it is divided by a Channel of 
something less than a mile, and the 
South Continent on the other at the 
distance of one mile and a quarter from 
it. 

'' This Island had gone for some time 
by the name of Deer Island having been 
mistaken for that called by the French 
Isle aux Chevreiits which is found to be 
higher up, and the name of Carleton's 
Island is now given to this in question. 
Very favorable ground for fortifying, 
commanding a commodious and safe 
Harbor which this Island possesses at 
the upper end of it looking towards the 
Lake, induced the Gentlemen sent on 
this Service to fix upon this spot, where a 
Fort is begun, and Barracks are building 
for the Troops, and the place will be in 
a tolerable state of defence, and Habita- 
tions by the Winter, A Plan of which 
shall be transmitted to your Lordship as 
soon as possible."* 

Capt. Aubrey became a major in the 
army June 7, 1782 ; and Feb. 28th, 1788, 
he exchanged with Capt. John Irving 
of the 73d Foot on half-pay, and he re- 
mained on half-pay as a captain during 
the rest of his life.* Burgoyne's Orderly 



Maddens Orderly Books. 323 

The Enemy so far succeeded as to surprize the 
armed Boat, stationed to defend the carrying 
Place, as also the Posts on Sugar Hill and at the 
Portage, where a considerable part of four Com- 
panies of the 53rd Regiment were made Prisoners. 

A Blockhouse commanded by Lieutenant 
Lord /A*-' was the only Post on that side that had 
time to make use of their Arms, and they made 
a brave Defence till Cannon (supposed to be 
taken from the Surprize Vessel) was brought 
against them. 

After stating and lamenting so fatal a want of 
Vigilance, the Lieutenant General has to con- 
gratulate the Troops upon the Event which 
followed. 



Book errs in stating that he rose to the 
rank of" colonel in the army, as his 
highest regimental rank was that of cap- 
tain, and his highest army rank that of 
major, there being but three majors above 
him on the list at the time oi his death. ^ 
He was a lieut. colonel in the militia, 
however, having been an Inspecting Field 
Officer for the County of Bucks. ' He 
represented Wallingford in the i6tli 
Parliament, which met .Vlay i8. 1784, 
and was dissolved fune 19, 1790.' 

He died at his residence on Carmarthen 
St., London, Jan. 15, 18 143, leaving a 
daughter, Sophia Elizabeth, who, shortly 
after lr.-r father's death, married Charles 
Spencer Ricketts, Esq., of Dortjn House, 
Bucks, by whom she had issue.' Sir 
John Aubrey, Bart., who was a lord of 
the Admiralty in 1782, and a lord of the 
Treasury in 1783, and " father of the 
House of Commons " in 1826, was an 
older brother of the subject of this sketch.* 



['B. R. =B. H. 3E. J. 201. 4G. V. 
174. 5F. L.96, 121. *F. H. 26. 7A. 
N. 7, 10. 8B. R: I. X. 475.] 

(fi. Simeon Lord entered the British 
army July 14, 1762, as a lieutenant in 
the iith Foot, which was then serving 
in Germany. As he was an additional 
officer he went upon half-pay at the 
peace of 1763, but returned to active 
service April 25, 1766, as a lieutenant 
in the 53d Foot. His regiment pro- 
ceeded to Canada in the spring of 1776, 
and he took part in Burgoyne's campaign 
in 1777. According to the text he be- 
haved very creditably when the Americans 
endeavoured to break Burgoyne's com- 
munications in September, though taken 
a prisoner. He was advanced to be 
capt. -lieutenant and captain, Oct. 8, 
1777, and his name appears in the Army 
Lists for the last time in 1785. [B. H.j 



324 HadderCs Orderly Books, 

The Enemy having twice summoned Brigadier 
General Powel, and received such answers as 
became a gallant Officer intrusted with an im- 
portant Post, and having tried, during the course 
of four Days, several Attacks, and being repulsed 
in all, retreated without having done any con- 
siderable damage. 

Brigadier General Powel gives great com- 
mendations to the Regiment of Prince Frederic, 
and the other Troops stationed on Mount Inde- 
pendence. The Brigadier also mentions with 
great applause the Behaviour of Captain Taylor//^ 
of the 2ist Regiment, who commanded 100 
men in the Fort of Ticonderoga, and that he 
was well supported by Lieutenant Beacroft of 
the 24th Regiment, who with the Artificers in 
Arms, in the Half Moon Battery, prevented the 
Enemy from surrounding the Fort. On the 24th 
Instant the Rebels with the Gun Boats and Bat- 
teaux which they had surprised at the carrying 

gt. William Thomas Tayler was he accompanied his regiment to Canada 

commissioned as a lieutenant in the 71st in the spring of 1776 we have been 

Foot Oct. 18, 1761. This regiment unable to ascertain, as also what part he 

was previously the ad Battalion of the bore in Burgoyne's campaign further 

32d Foot, and was reduced at the peace than as the order in the text attests his 

of 1763, when Lieut. Tayler went upon gallantry during the American attack on 

half pay, where he remained till Oct. Ticonderoga. This attack prevented 

II, 1766 ; at which time he was com- his joining the main army, and he thus, 

missioned a 1st lieutenant in the aist, fortunately for himself, escaped its un- 

or Royal North British Fuzileers. The happy fate. May 19, 1780, he ex- 

2.1st was in North America from 1766 changed into the 92d Foot, and his 

to 1773 when it was ordered home, name appears in the Army Lists for the 

Lieut. Tayler was promoted to be capt.- last time in 1783. [B. H: G. V. 173 : 

lieutenant Feb. 26, 1773; but whether E. Z.] 



Hadde?2^s Orderly Books, 325 

Place at Lake George, attacked in two Divi- 
sions, Diamond Island, where Captain Auberry 
and a Detachment of the 47th Regiment were 
posted with some Cannon and Gun Boats : the 
Rebels were repulsed with great Loss, and pursued 
by the Gun Boats to the East Shore, where the 
principal Vessel and a Gun Boat were retaken, 
together with all the Cannon, except two which 
had burst ; the Enemy, having had time to set 
fire to the other Batteaux, retreated over the 
Mountains. 



[A considerable portion of the Order of October 3d, 1777, 
as found in Lieut. Hadden's Orderly Books, being omitted in 
Burgoyne's Orderly Book, only so much thereof from Hadden 
as is not found in Burgoyne's Orderly Book is inserted, together 
with the preceding and succeeding clauses to fix its position. 
The Italics indicate what is in Burgoyne's Orderly Book. 
Editor.'] 



[By Lieutenant General Burgoyne.] 

G. O. October 3rd, 1777. 

There is reason to be assured that other powerful 
Armies of the King are actually in co-operation 
with these Troops^ and although the present supply 



326 Haddens Orderly Books. 

of Provisions is ample ^ it is highly desirable to be 
prepared for any contifiuance in the Field that the 
King's Service may require, without the delay of 
bringing forward further Stores , for these pur- 
poses gu the ration of Bread or Flour is for the 
present fxed at one Pound. 

The Lieutenant General is confident he shall 
meet with universal and cheerful Obedience to this 
Order, and as a testimony of his Attention to the 
Spirit and good will of the Troops upon all 
occasions, and confident of his Majesty's Grace 
towards such merit, the Lieutenant General will 
take upon himself to suspend the usual Stop- 
pages during the Diminution of the ration, or 
for one Month, and the Soldier will be ac- 
counted with for his whole pay during that time, 
the Stoppages then to take place again in their 
usual Course. 

With tfie same Confidence in the King s Grace, 
the Lieutenant Gefieral fias ventured to order the 
Deputy Pay Master General to issue One Hundred 
and Sixty five Days Forage Money to the Officers 
of the Army, ff-^ 



gu. In Burgoyne's Orderly Book in- g-v. In Burgoyne's Orderly Book the 

stead of a comma after stores, there is a next to the last word of this order is this, 
semicolon ifttx purposes ; and — for these instead of the, as in the text. 
purposes — as in the text; it reads in 
Burgoyne's Orderly Book — for those pur- 
poses. 



Had den's Orderly Books. 327 



[By Lieutenant General Burgoyne. | 

G. O. Cambridge, New England. 

November 12M, 1777. 
The great number of Soldiers that have been 
permitted to flock to Town, has been productive 
of many irregularities, and gives the public a 
bad impression of the Discipline of the British 
Troops. 

During the present unsettled state of things, 
there is to be a Field Officer of the Day, who is 
to superintend the regularity of the Cantonment 
in all respects, but particularly with regard to 
the absence of men : no Soldier is to be allowed 
to go out of the Barracks without a Pass signed 
by the Field Officer of the Regiment he belongs 
to, which Passes are to be granted only from 
Eight to Three o'clock. 

The Rolls are to be called four times a Day, 
at the hours the Field Officer shall appoint, and 
a report of all Absentees is to be made to him. 



[By Lieutenant General Burgoyne.J 

G. O. November 14M, iJJJ. 

It has been reported to the Lieutenant General 
that one or two Disputes have arisen between 



328 Haddens Orderly Books. 

some Officers and the Provincials ; as this is so 
entirely derogatory to Order and good Disci- 
pline, the Lieutenant General was in hopes he 
should not have had occasion for any Complaint 
of the kind, and Officers should consider that not 
only the private reputation of every Individual 
suffers by such conduct, but that the general 
Good of the whole is endangered by the incon- 
siderate behaviour of any who break the Rules 
of Discretion. 

The Lieutenant General relies on the Com- 
manding Officers of Corps to prevent all possi- 
bility of any further Disputes, and should any 
Officer in future be guilty of any irregularities 
the strongest reprehension must be expected. 



[By Lieutenant General Burgoyne.J 
G. O. November ibth, iJJJs 

The Army is informed that all possible means 
are employed to procure Blanketting, Mittens, 
and such other necessaries as are essential to the 
Health and Comfort of the Men during the 
Winter. 

The impossibility of procuring these Articles 
at Boston, at any price, makes all EffiDrts pre- 
carious and at best tedious. 



Haddens Orderly Books. 329 

An equal diligence has been used by the 
superior Officers of the Army to obtain a more 
regular and more ample delivery of Wood, and 
every favor and preference has been refused by 
the Officers in general till Justice could be done 
to the Private Men. 

Under these circumstances where the whole 
Army are fellow sufferers, it is equally for the 
Honor and Interest of the Service that there 
should appear a general conformity of Patience 
and Fortitude ; there is the greatest reason to 
believe that the inconveniences the Army have 
suffered (which in some cases have been una- 
voidable) will happen no more. 

The Lieutenant General is willing to believe 
that some of the Men who have absented them- 
selves from their Corps, have not meant finally 
to desert, but have been induced to seek Shelter 
from the present Hardships, by offering them- 
selves to labor in the Country for a limited time. 

It will be the duty of the Officers to warn 
their men against so false a principle, and so 
deceitful an expectation, as that they will be 
permitted to return. 

The Country now abounds with examples of 
Soldiers with whom no faith has been kept in 
point of Pay, and who receive but a very scanty 
allowance of Provisions for very hard Labour. 
42 



330 H addend Orderly Books. 

Soldiers will also be led to consider that to 
abandon their Officers and Co??2rades in times of 
Di^culty and Distress is to add to the Treason^ 
and Perjury of Desertion^ the most unmanly and 
abject deficiency of Spirit. 



[By Lieutenant General Burgoyne.] 

G. O. Cambridge^ December \thy 1777. 

It is now some days since Lieutenant General 
Burgoyne had advice from Sir William Howe, 
that Transports were preparing with all possi- 
ble diligence in the Delaware, and at New 
York, to proceed to the Port of Boston, and to 
convey the Troops of this Army to Great Britain 
in conformity to the Convention. 

The Lieutenant General takes this occasion to 
give the Troops the further satisfactory Intelli- 
gence that their fellow Soldiers are continuing 
the Campaign in the Southern Quarter, with 
unremitting Spirit, and that in the midst of 
Fatigue and Danger, and sometimes scarcity. 
Desertion in that Army is almost unknown. 

He leaves to the breast of every Soldier of the 
Convention, to draw the dishonorable Compari- 
son, and to consider what Answer can be given 
to the King, and to the British Nation for the 



Haddens Orderly Books. 331 

unprecedented Disgrace into which these Troops 
are sinking. 

The numbers of unmanly Cowards, who have 
wanted Fortitude to endure some temporary in- 
convenience in common with their Officers and 
Comrades, are most justly punished in the treat- 
ment they receive in the Country : instead of 
Food, Clothing and Encouragement, they are 
confined in Prisons, suspected and despised. 

Such as have been drawn off from their Alle- 
giance by delusive hope of finding high Pay or 
Preferment in the Provincial Troops are equally 
disappointed, it being a Law of the Continental 
Congress, and it will be fully enforced by their 
Commander in Chief, to reject all Deserters. 

Let the wretches therefore, of both Classes 
above described, be left to their fate with the 
Ignominy upon their Memory their Conduct 
deserves ; but let Officers reflect how much their 
own Reputation is involved while this Evil con- 
tinues. 

The Attachment, Respect, and Confidence 
which a proper Intercourse between the Officers 
and Soldiers never fails to create and to support, 
does not seem to exist ; audit is with great Con- 
cern the Lieutenant General finds it necessary to 
insist, with the Commanding Officers of Corps 
that they establish the most precise and assiduous 
Attention in the visiting and inspecting the 



332 Haddefi's Orderly Books. 

Barracks and Messes of the Men, and in the 
Enquiries into the Manner in which the men 
pass their time when out of their sight. 

For these purposes as many Officers as can 
possibly be lodged in the Barracks without 
danger to their Health, or very unusual Incon- 
venience, must for the present constantly reside 
there, and it is expected they will cheerfully 
forego the prospect of any extension of Quarters 
in Cambridge that could interfere with their 
constant Attendance while the present exigency 
of Duty and of Honor requires it. 

The regimental inspecting Officers of Messes 
are to take care that the proper proportion of 
Garden Stuff is purchased of the proper Com- 
missary, and nowhere else, for the respective 
Messes, and in the proportion of three Days or 
more at a time, that there may be no pretence 
of Straggling from the Barracks for that purpose. 

No Passes are to be granted to private Men 
upon any Account soever, but should any par- 
ticular regimental Purposes require Messengers 
to be sent to Cambridge, a return of the number 
is be given to the Field Officer Commanding, at 
Eight o'clock every morning, and he is to order 
the whole to be assembled and marched regularly 
by a Commissioned Officer, with Non-Commis- 
sioned Officers in proportion, and the Com- 



Haddens Orderly Books. 333 



manding Officer is to be responsible for taking 
back the whole before Two in the Afternoon. 

All Officers are required to make Prisoner 
every man they meet with, absent from the 
Barracks, to whatever Regiment he may belong, 
and if they cannot conveniently do so, they are 
at least to take his name in writing, and send a 
report to his Regiment, that he may be brought 
to Punishment for disobedience of Orders. 

Any man that is seen conversing with any con- 
tinental Soldier, or drinking or otherwise keeping 
Company with any people of the Country, is to 
be treated in the same manner for disobedience 
of Orders. 

The Soldiers of the Grenadier Company of 
the 29th Regiment having represented that they 
have not been regularly accounted with since the 
24th April last, notwithstanding dutiful repre- 
sentation made to the Lieutenant commanding 
the Company, and Major, Lord Balcarres r/'^ 



giv. Alexander Lindsay, the 6th Earl 
of Balcarres, came from an old and dis- 
tinguished Scotch lineage. He was born 
Jan. i8, 1752, and was the eldest son of 
James, the 5th Earl of Balcarres in the 
peerage of Scotland, by his wife Anne, 
daughter of Sir Robert Dalrymple, of 
Castleton, Knt. ; succeeding his father in 
the earldom in 1768. He entered the 
army July 15th, 1767, as an ensign in 
the 55th Foot, then under the command 
of Lieutenant-Colonel John Lindsay, a 
warm friend of the family; and under 



his tutelage the future earl embarked in 
the Aeolus frigate for Gibraltar. He 
obtained a two years leave of absence and 
went to Germany and studied at the Uni- 
versity of Gottingen. On his return he 
purchased a company in the 42d, or 
Royal Highland Regiment, his captain's 
commission bearing date Jan. 28th, 1771 ; 
and with this corps he remained attached 
for five years, commanding the grenadiers. 
Dec. 9th, 1775, he was appointed, by 
purchase, major of the 53d Foot, then 
stationed in Ireland ; and the next spring 



334 Haddens Orderly Books, 



having upon enquiry into the fact, confirmed the 
truth of the Representation, the Pay-Master 



he accompanied his regiment to Canada, 
where on the 12th of June, 1776, Sir 
Guy Carleton appointed him to the com- 
mand of the light infantry. He aided 
in expelling the Americans from Canada 
in 1776, taking part in the battle of 
Trois Rivieres, and in 1777 he com- 
manded the light infantry in Eraser's 
Brigade on Burgoyne's Expedition. 

At the battle of Hubbardton, in which 
he bore a conspicuous part, he was slightly 
wounded in the left thigh, but he had a 
most narrow escape, as thirteen balls 
passed through his clothes, the lock of 
his fusil was shot off and the barrel 
doubled together. 

Lord Balcarres took an active part in 
the engagement at Freeman's Farm, Sept. 
19th, and at Bemus' Heights, Oct. 7th, 
where he and his command were hotly 
engaged. Lord Lindsay, in his Lives of 
the Lindsays, gives the following account 
of the earl's conduct in the latter action. 
"The army being in a most dangerous 
situation he fortified his battalion, with- 
out any orders, in a very strong manner, 
giving injunctions to his men that, in 
great probability, their lives would depend 
upon their diligence in completing that 
small work. The very day it was finished 
the army marched to attack the enemy's 
works and were most completely defeated. 
Gen Frazer at the head of six battalions 
was killed, and the rout was universal. 
In this situation did the command de- 
volve on Lord Balcarres, who having 
gained his own little work, brought his 
light infantry about, and received their 
whole army ; and although repeatedly 
stormed, and all the neighboring works 
taken, they had the good fortune to re- 
pulse them finally, and by this success 
the British army was saved on that day." 
On Gen. Fraser's receiving a mortal 
wound in this action the Earl of Balcarres 



succeeded to his brigade, and to his regi- 
mental position as lieut. -colonel of the 
24th Foot, his lordship's commission 
bearing date Oct. 8, 1777. 

He was included in Burgoyne's capitu- 
lation, and was sent to New York as an 
exchanged prisoner, but finding that a 
general exchange of the whole army was 
not perfected, as he had expected, he 
would not accept his liberty, " at the 
expense," as he expressed it in his letter 
to the authorities, "of the pleasure I feel 
in sharing the unhappy fate of the regi- 
ment I have the honor to command," 
He therefore went to Cambridge v.here 
Burgoyne's troops were then quartered. 
" My regiment," wrote Lord Balcarres at 
this time to his sisters, " is my family, — 
you can all do without me. The rebels 
give me leave to go home if I please, but 
I will not accept a favour in which all 
my officers cannot equally benefit, so I 
will remain with them." Lord Balcarres 
must have modified his views, however, 
as he arrived in London on his parole of 
honor Feb. 8, 1779, ^"^ ^^'^^'' '" ^^^^ 
year he testified before the House of 
Commons in regard to the unfortunate 
expedition in which he had borne him- 
self so gallantly. 

June I, 1780, he married his cousin 
german, Elizabeth, only daughter by a 
second marriage, and heiress, oi Charles 
Ualrymple, Esq., of North Berwick, by 
whom he acquired considerable estate. 
His lordship had already succeeded one 
Gen. Simon Fraser ; now, he was des- 
tined to succeed another. On the death 
of Lieut. Gen. Simon Fraser (son of Lord 
Lovat of '45 tragic memory) the 71st 
Regt., or Fraser's Highlanders, consisting 
of two battalions, was formed into two 
distinct regiments, the 71st, and the 2d 
71st, and Lord Balcarres was appointed 
lieutenant-colonel commandant of the 



Haddens Orderly Books, 335 



General is ordered to furnish such Sums as shall 
put that Company upon a footing with the rest 



second 71st, Feb. 13,1782. He received 
the rank of colonel in the army, and a 
special commission to command in Jersey, 
Nov. 20, 1782, and he was for one year 
charged with the correspondence and com- 
munications with the armies of /a Vendee 
and lei Chouans, in the absence of Marshal 
Conway, the governor. He was first 
elected one of the sixteen representative 
peers for Scotland for the parliament that 
met March 25, 1784; and he was re- 
elected for every parliament during the 
remainder of his life, with the exception 
of the i8th parliament from May, 1796 
to August, 1802. 

He became the colonel of the 63d Foot, 
Aug. 27, 1789, which position he held 
until his death; and he was advanced to 
the rank of major-general Oct. 12, 1793. 
He continued on the staff at Jersey until 
Oct. 20, 1794, when he was removed to 
command the forces at Jamaica, being 
also placed at the head of the civil ad- 
ministration as lieutenant-governor ; and 
he likewise had a general military super- 
intendence over the St. Domingo districts 
nearest to him. In the spring of 1795 
the earl, accompanied by his brother 
Colin, then Gen. Lindsay, embarked for 
his new government in the West Indies. 
Lord Lindsay thus sums up his kins- 
man's West India career : — "Lord B»l- 
carres' able conduct and indefatigable 
exertions in suppressing the Maroon re- 
bellion which broke out almost im- 
mediately after his arrival in Jamaica 
(exertions to which the empire owed the 
lives of every white in the island and the 
preservation of seventy millions of British 
capital), were acknowledged by a vote of 
seven hundred guineas for the purchase 
of a sword, to be presented to him in 
token of the gratitude of the colony. In 
acknowledging it he congratulated the 
Assembly that ' during their contest with 



an enemy the most ferocious that ever 
disgraced the annals of history — an army 
of savages, who had indiscriminately 
massacred every prisoner whom the fate 
of war had placed in their power — no 
barbarity, nor a single act of retaliation, 
had sullied the brightness of their arms.' 
He resigned the government in 1801, 
after having held it for nearly seven years, 
during which, waging an incessant war- 
fare against French revolutionary aggres- 
sion, and with internal difficulties to 
contend with enough to have disheartened 
any one less confident in his own re- 
sources, he saved Jamaica a second time, 
and on quitting the island, was followed 
to his home by the blessings of thousands, 
whose children still revere his memory." 
The Earl of Balcarres became a lieut.- 
general Jan. i, 1798, and a general 
Sept. 25, 1803. His West Indian 
career was his last active professional 
duty, as an accident, by which he was 
lamed for life, incapacitated him from fur- 
ther military service. He resided until 
his death, at Haigh Hall, in Lancashire, 
his wife's inheritance from the ancient 
knightly family of Bradshaigh, devoting 
himself to the improvement of that prop- 
erty, then in a lamentable state of dilap- 
idation. ' the mansion house being in 
ruins, the furniture sold, pursuant to the 
will of the last possessor, the mines of 
coal and cannel forsaken, the lands un- 
drained, and every farm house and fence 
in the last stage of decay.' He lost his 
countess Aug. 10, 1816, and he him- 
self died at Haigh Hall March 27th, 
1825, aged 73. By his wife he had 
four sons and two daughters. His eldest 
son succeeded to the earldom, and like- 
wise acquired the earldom of Crawford, 
so that the title became Earl of Craw- 
ford and Balcarres ; and soon after his 
accession he was created a British peer 



T^i^b H add en's Orderly Books. 



of the Army, and the Accounts of the Company 
are to be immediately stated for the inspection 
of Lord Balcarres who will afterwards make his 
report. 

No reprimand is given upon this Occasion, as 



by the title of Baron Wigan. 

The Earl of Balcarres was by no means 
the least distinguished of that brilliant as- 
semblage of officers that accompanied 
Burgoyne on his American campaign. 
In regard to the earl's character this is 
the testimony of his mother, written 
during his lordship's early years. "He 
has without dispute the happiest and 
most contented temper in the world, — 
at the same time bold as a lion, and 
ambitious — never letting slip an opportu- 
nity of raising his family; but when his 
efforts fail of success, his natural good 
temper reconciles him at once to the 
failure, and makes him find resources of 
pleasure at home that obliterates it from 
his mind." His brother Colin, after- 
wards General Lindsay, who also served 
in America, wrote from Philadelphia, in 
Feb., 1778, to the earl, then in captiv- 
ity, in this wise. — "You leave me no 
room to wish you anything in your pres- 
ent situation, since you must possess the 
heartfelt satisfaction of having discharged 
your duty to your country in a conspicu- 
ous and trying situation as completely as 
the most rigid virtue could exact, and I 
boast the honour to be your brother," etc. 

On more than one occasion during his 
early life Lord Balcarres had reason to be 
much displeased with the ministry which 
employed him, and he made no secret of 
it. An exclamation of Pitt's during a 
consultation at a moment of great embar- 
rassment, proves the estimation in which 
that statesman held his generous loyalty. 
"Balcarres was out of htjmour with us 
when in prosperity, but staunch when 



we were in danger — that is the man ! " 
This confidence was justified by Lord 
Balcarres going up from Scotland on 
crutches with a sliattered leg, to support 
the government in his place in parlia- 
ment during the crisis in question. The 
following anecdote, which is character- 
istic, whether true or not, is to be found 
in Stujrt's Three Years in North Amer- 
ica, vol. I, p. 462. "General Arnold, 
resided in England after the war but was 
treated at various times in a way, not 
likely to lead others to imitate his trea- 
sonable conduct. He was with the 
king one day when Lord Balcarres, who 
fought under General Burgoyne in the 
Saratoga campaign, was presented. The 
king introduced them. ' What Sire ! ' 
said the Earl, drawing up his form and 
retreating, ' the traitor Arnold V The 
consequence was a challenge from Ar- 
nold. They met, and it was arranged 
that the parties should fire by signal. 
Arnold fired, and Lord Balcarres, turn- 
ing on his heel, was walking away, when 
Arnold exclaimed, ' Why dont you fire, 
my Lord V ' Sir, said Lord Balcarres, 
looking over his shoulder, ' I leave you 
to the executioner ! ' " 

Finally, the earl sums up his own 
career in these words. " The efforts of 
my life, both in my public and private 
pursuits, have been successful ; we have 
once more reared our heads ; a hand- 
some competence has again fallen to our 
lot, — and praised be the Author of all 
good for it!" [B. R : D. K : B. H.: 

F. E. 8 : B. N : A. O., 140 et poit : 

G. Z : H. K. 134.] 



Hadden^s Orderly Books, 337 

Lieutenant Steele's //•'' wounds and ill Health tor 
a long time prevented his attention to this Duty, 
but for the future it is to be understood as a stand- 
ing Order in all such Cases, with the Payment 
as well as every other direction ot the Company 
devolves upon the senior Officer present. 

The limits of the Parole having been shown 
to the Quarter Masters of Regiments by the 
Assistant Quarter Master General, it is under- 
stood that every Officer will make himself a 
thorough Master of the Extent. 



G. O. December 2\th, iJJJ- 

It has been alleged that some Prisoners of 
War have found their way to the Barracks, and 
remain with the Troops of the Convention, if so, 
it is an unwarrantable proceeding, and conse- 
quently supposed to be without the knowledge 
of the Officers. 

e^x Thomas Steele was commissioned battle of Hubbardton July 7, 1777 ; and 
luneii 1769, as an ensign in the 29th after his captain, Lord Petersham, was 
Foot, then in America, and was pro- detached as an aid to Burgoyne, he com- 
moted to a lieutenancy Nov. 3, 1773- manded the company. He served 
His regiment returned home in 1774. throughout Burgoyne's campaign, and 
and two years later went to Canada, was included in that officer's surrender, 
He was in the grenadier company of the his name being attached to the Cam- 
29th, and hence accompanied Burgoyne bridge Parole. He appears m the Arniy 
on his expedition, as only the light com- Lists for the last time m 1784. [B- 
panics of his regiment went on that H : G. V. 174: E. Z.] 
campaign. He was wounded at the 

43 



33 8 Haddens Orderly Books. 

The strictest Enquiry therefore is to be imme- 
diately made, and if any Prisoners of War are 
with the Troops, their names are to be reported 
to the General in order to their being delivered to 
the Commissary of Prisoners, and any Prisoners 
of War having Permits to come to the Barracks, 
are to be informed that they must return before 
the expiration of their leave to the place they 
came from. 



[By Lieutenant General Burgoyne.] 

G. O. 'January loth, ijj'^J/y 

Among the Disputes and Frays, which have 
lately prevailed, the Lieutenant General observes 



gy. This order was issued by Gen. 
Burgoyne, and was occasioned by a letter 
he received from Gen. Heath, the Amer- 
ican commander at Cambridge. The 
original draft of the letter in Heath's 
handwriting, is in the collection of Dr. 
Thomas Addis Emmet, of New York, 
and reads as follows : 

" Head Quarters, Boston, 
" Jan^y <^th 1778. 
»< Sir : 

" It is with no Small Concern that I 
inform your Excellency of the abusive 
behaviour of the British Soldiery towards 
the Guards and Sentrys at Prospect Hill, 
which has for Some Time been Increasing, 
and has at length arrived to a height no 
longer to be born. Sentrys have been 
repeatedly Insulted on their Posts and at 
Some Times Beat, and Disarmed, (this 
I must Confess reflects Dishonor on 
themselves for a Sentry is never to allow 



himseJf to be Insulted or abused) Prison- 
ers have been frequently rescued from the 
Guard, and the behaviour of the Soldiery 
mutinous and Disorderly in the Extreme, 
of which there was a most Singular In- 
stance the night before last, a number of 
the Rioters are Sent on Board the Prison 
Ship. As your Excellency Informed Me 
Soon after your arrival that you would 
do all in your Power to preserve order 
among the Troops I must Call upon you 
Sir, to Exert yourself for that purpose, 
for if the Present Disorderly behaviour of 
so many of the Soldiery Continues, the 
Consequences will be Serious for the 
Guards and Sentrys shall no longer be 
Insulted — a most Scandalous Practise 
of Counterfeiting Passes has lately been 
Detected, — I must desire you would En- 
quire into the matter, or the Innocent 
will, unavoidably, sufTer Inconvenience — 
a Sentry was knocked Down the night 
before last and his Fire lock Carried off. 



Haddens Orderly Books, 339 

with infinite Concern, there are too many im- 
putable to the Indiscretion of our own Troops; 
of this, the Attacks upon the Provincial Sentries, 
and the forging of Passes, are particularly glaring. 
Upon the Principles of Rectitude and Discipline, 
our own Officers should be the first to detect and 
punish Offences of this sort, and they will more- 
over consider how greatly, by such examples, 
they would strengthen their claims whenever it 
is their part to demand redress of Injuries. 

The Lieutenant General makes known to the 
Troops that he is using every possible means to 
bring to justice the Provincial Officer who 
wounded two men of the 9th Regiment on 
Thursday last, and they may ever depend upon 
his Efforts to vindicate the Rights of British 
Soldiers, and their Allies ; but he cannot too 
often call to their reflection, that circumstances 
grow daily more critical and alarming, and the 
times require the most minute circumspection of 
conduct on their part. 

In order to give further effect to these Injunc- 

I expect that eftectual Measures will be are at some Distance. I have ordered 
taken for the return of the Firelock Im- him again to Complete them being at 
mediately. I must desire your attention anxious as your Excellency for their ad- 
into these matters. justment. 

'* I have this moment received your " I am 

favor of yesterday, I have repeatedly " Your Excellency's 

Directed the Commissary to state his " most obt. servt." 

acco'ts, he has been Endeavouring to Endorsed, " To Gen. Burgoyne relative 

Complete them, but has been Delayed on to abuses offered to the Sentries Jan'y 
account of Some Bills in the Hands of 9, 1778." 
Some of the Purchasers of Cattle who 



34-0 Haddens Orderly Books. 

tions the Lieutenant General requires an invaria- 
ble Observance of the following Orders. 

All Insults, Indecencies, or Improprieties 
offered to Officers, by any Provincials whatsoever, 
are in the present situation of things, to be 
esteemed matters of public Grievance, and not to 
be compromised or accommodated by any private 
Decisions either of resentment or apology ; they 
are therefore to be reported as soon as con- 
veniently may be, to the Adjutant General, to- 
gether with the Evidence that can prove the 
Facts. 

In order further to enforce Discipline and 
Regularity, there are to be two general Parades 
every week at which all Officers and Soldiers 
are to attend: they will be at 12 o'clock at 
noon on Sundays and Thursdays, the Weather 
permitting, otherwise on the first following fair 
da)' : these Parades are to be exclusive of the 
Roll callings, and other Parades at present estab- 
lished. 

The Lieutenant General is informed that 
Orders are given by General Heath to all Pro- 
vincial Patroles and Guards, to make Prisoners 
all Non-Commissioned Officers and Soldiers (ser- 
vants not excepted) who shall be found out of 
their own or their Master's Quarters between the 
Hours of Sunset and Sunrise. 



Hadden's Orderly Books, 34.1 



G. O. February jth, 1778. 

A Report having been made to the General by 
the Field Officer Commanding at the Barracks 
that a Soldier of the 9th Regiment has been dan- 
gerously stabbed this Evening by a man of the 
provincial Guard, William Weir and the principal 
Surgeons of the Army are ordered to examine into 
the nature of the Wounds early in the Morning, 
and make a report to the General. 

End of Orderly Books. 




APPENDIX. 



NO. 1. 



Maj. Gen. William Phillips. 

William Phillips was connected with the Royal Regiment of 
Artillery throughout his military career. Aug. ist, 1746, he 
entered the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, when a 
mere boy, as a gentleman cadet, and he was commissioned a 
lieutenant fireworker in the Artillery January 2d, 1747- He 
was quarter-master of the First Battalion April ist, 1750, his 
successor having been appointed June i, 1756. He became a 
2d lieutenant March ist, 1755, and a ist lieutenant April ist, 
1756.' Capt. Duncan tells us that Phillips when a ist lieutenant 
was appointed to the command of a company of Miners, raised 
in 1756, for duty in Minorca, but which was no longer required 
after the capitulation of Port Mahon, Instead of disbanding 
it, however, the Board of Ordnance converted it into a 
company of artillery, and added it to the regiment. Greatly 
to the indignation of the officers of a corps, whose promotion 
then, as now, was by seniority, Lieut. Phillips was transferred 
with the company, as a captain, without having passed through 
the intermediate grade of captain-lieutenant*, his captain's com- 
mission bearing date May 12th, 1756.' 



344 Appendix No. i. 

Capt. Phillips commanded the three companies of the 
Royal Artillery present at the battle of Minden, August ist, 
1759, where he gained much distinction ; Prince Ferdinand 
particularizing him in General Orders issued the day after the 
battle thanking the army for its gallantry. Subsequently, as a 
further proof of his appreciation, the prince directed a gratuity 
of one thousand crowns to be presented to him. At Warberg, 
on the 30th of July, 1760, Capt. Phillips gained great credit by 
the rapidity with which he brought the artillery into action and 
the efficiency with which he handled it. He commanded No. 
5 Company of the 1st Battalion, which, after a long and glorious 
service, became, on July ist, 1859, " 7 " Battery, 14th Brigade. 
January 1st, i860, it was rechristened and became "4" Bat- 
tery, 13th Brigade, and such it still remains." 

After the war Capt. Phillips was stationed at the regimental 
headquarters at Woolwich, and he was the first to originate a 
band in the Royal Artillery — not a permanent one, however, 
as the existing band dates only as far back as 177 1, when the 
4th Battalion was formed, and with it the nucleus of what has 
developed into one of the best military bands in the world." 
Capt. Phillips became a lieut. -colonel in the army August 15th, 
1760 ; lieut. -governor of Windsor in 1768 ; a colonel in the 
army May 25, 1772 ; and a major-general in America only, 
January 1st, 1776.3 He was likewise a member of the parlia- 
ment which met November 29th, 1774, and was dissolved July 
8th, 1780, being one of the two members from Boroughbridge.'* 

Having received an appointment on the American staff he 
embarked with Gen. Burgoyne on the man-of-war Blonde for 
Quebec, where he arrived the latter part of May, 1776. Gen. 



Appendix No. i. 345 

Phillips had command at St. John's from July to December, 
1776, when he was transferred to Montreal^; and the following 
letter from him to Gen. Riedesel, in Dr. Thomas Addis 
Emmet's collection, affords us a pleasant glimpse of some of 
the festivities that helped to while away the winter. 

" Montreal, 'January the ^th, ^111 • 
" My dear General : 

" There will be a publick Ball given on the 13th instant in 
honour of her Majesty's Birth day. It would add very con- 
siderably to the pleasure and honour of the day if you were to 
be present, — I dare not presume to expect you will take so 
long a journey but should you be enclined I shall be very 
happy — I set out on the 15th for Quebec to attend the com- 
mands of our Commander. — 

" I hope you are perfectly well and am, 

" My dear General, with most sincere respect 
and regard, 

" Your faithfuU Servant, 

" W. Phillips. 
"Major General Redesel." 

In the spring of 1777, Sir Guy Carleton appointed him 
second in command to Burgoyne, in the following appreciative 
letter. 

" Headquarters, Quebec, 
" %th Aprils 1777. 

*' Sir : My dispatches from the Secretary of State inform me 
that it is His Majesty's pleasure I should remain in Canada ; 
44 



;.\.h AppcncJix No. i. 

aiul th.u 1 sluniKI detach Lieut. -Cicn. Miir}>ovnc with a certain 
p;»rt v>f the .mm , which is .»;o particularly victailrvl that nothing 
is Irt't to MIC but (he srciiis!, these conunaiuls put int»i execution, 
aiul, in the case ot the vic.uh oi illness ot Cien. i?uiinnne, (lie 
nannns; ot his successvM. As it is tuy intention to provide 
cycrything tor this detachment with the same care and attention 
to the good ot" the service as it 1 w.is to conimaiul it niyselt", I 
shall piv>pv>se th.it \ ou .ucoiup.iny Cien. Uurgoyne, .iiid doubt 
not he will be happ\ m the thou;\h( o{ having such able 
assistance, while 1 can only exjuess my soiiow at not having 
il in my power to testity to vou, by a greater maik, the high 
sense 1 entrit.iin ot ihe /e.il .iiul activity with which vimi have 
constantly executed tiu- vMders which occasions li.i\ e rc»]uiied 
mv giving vou, as well as ot the obligations 1 am under \o you 
tor the great tiouble which you have so chceitully taken upon 
you in the maMagement ot our public wcrks, which by your 
diligence 1 have the satistactu>n ot finding in such toiward- 
ness as that the expedition uiulei Cicn. inirgoync will be able 
to proceed withv>ut delay."'' 

Gen. Hurgoyne boie testimony to Cien. Phillips' /eal in 
prc(>aiing tor the then approaching catiipaign ot 1777, in this 
wise, in a letter to Lord Cicorge Germainc. ** It is a duty in 
this place," wrote Burgoyne. *' to do some justice to the /eal 
and activity ot ^Llior Cieneral Phillips. . . \ and having men- 
tioned that most valuable otHcer, I trust it cannot be thought a 
digression to add, that it is to his judicious arrangements and 
indefatigable pains during the general superuucndency o( prep- 
aration, which Sir t.jiiy ^.'aileton entiusted to him in the 
winter and spring, that the service is indebted tor its present 
forwardness. The prevalence ot" contrary winds and other 



/Ippendix No. \ . 347 

accident* havinjr, rrndcred it imp<>**ible for any wr.cr.xviixxnx 
prepared in Knj^land for the opening; of the campaij^n, yet to 
reach the camp,"' 

A» fcccond in command to Burgoyne, in 1777, General 
Philtipf bore a prominent part ; and hi» »kill and energy a« an 
artillery officer arc illustrated by hi* locating a battery on Sugar 
Loaf Hill, dcipite the natural obstacle*, and lhu» commanding 
Fort Ticondcrfxga and forcing it» evacuation without a battle. 
" Major General Phillip*," wrote Burgoyne after the battle of 
FrecmanS Farm, September 19th, 1777, " upon fir*r hearing 
the firing found hi» way through a difficult part of the wood* to 
the Kcnc of action, and brought up with him Major William* 
and four piece» of artillery, and from that moment I »t'x>d in- 
debted to that gallant and judiciou* vicond, for ince*%ant and 
masK material iMcrvice*, particularly for restoring the action in a 
point which wa» critically pre»»ed by a great »uperiority of fire, 
and to which he led up the 20th regiment at the utmo«t personal 
hazard,"* Referring to the gU^^^my period after the battle of 
Bernu*' Heights October 7th. 1777, when the d^xjm of the 
British army seemed well nigh sealed, the Lieutenant General 
favf : — *• It if a justice to Major General Phillips, to inform 
your Lordship, that when the cri*i* of our situation at Saratoga 
arrived, he very hand4^,»<-nely offered v> hazard his pcrs^jn by 
makmg a circuit through the w^xxls, and attempt to throw him- 
self into Ticonderoga, U) defend that place, should it be the 
object of the enemy to endeavour the retaking it."* During 
the year 1777, this officer was promoted to be a major in the 
artillery, April 25ih, and a major-general in the armv, August 
2<>th.*.» 



34-8 Appendix No, \ . 

After Burgoyne's return to England, in the spring of 1778, 
the command of the convention troops devolved upon General 
Phillips, and two letters (in the editor's possession), written at 
this time, one from General Heath, the American commander, 
to Phillips, and the other from Phillips to Heath, show General 
Phillips' attention to duty, and give us glimpses of the character 
of the man. Heath's letter is as follows. 

" Head Quarters, Boston, 
" April \()th, 1778. 
" Sir : Your favour of the 17th & i8th Came safe to 
hand, and should have been sooner answered had it been 
in my Power, no one can be more Inclined to preserve good 
humour & good order than I am and I am fully satisfied with 
your Intentions to promote them also. The appointment of 
Major Brown to act as Town Major was not designed to 
give umbrage, it was rather a Temporary appointment by 
necessity, Capt. Lyman being Called upon to Joyn his Corps, 
no abuses offered to the officers will be Countenanced by me 
but will ever meet with rebuke & Punishment. However in 
Justice to Major Brown I must say that!l have ever found him 
ambitious to do his Duty, and to Deserve the character of a 
good officer. His former situation and some other Circum- 
stances may have rendered him disagreeable to the officers, and 
I shall give the matter a proper Consideration. 

" The matter Complained of in your last Letter I hope is 
redressed. It was occasioned by the arrival of a Colo. Armand, 
and a number of French officers of his Corps from the South- 
ward, one of whom I believe opened a Rendezvous at Water- 



Appendix No. i. 34.9 

town. But I Immediately broke it up and strictly forbid the 
Colo. Inlisting either German or British Troops of the Con- 
vention or Prisoners or Deserters. But the Arts and Decep- 
tions made use of by your People, by Dressing themselves in 
sailors & peasants habit and by the most solemn Protestations 
of having no Connections with the army are Constantly Im- 
posing upon the recruiting officers, totheir great Embarrassment. 
" I am Sir 

" Your Ob't Serv't 

" W. Heath. 
"M. Gen'l Phillips." 

The next letter is from Phillips to Heath, and is as follows. 
"Cambridge, i\st June^ 1778. 

" Sir : I have received your letter upon the Subject of 
Accompts, dated from Boston June 20th, 1778, Mr. Leonard 
the British Commissary from Rhode Island in delivering to me 
the certified and signed Accompts of Mr. Richardson your 
Commissary General, made no mention of any further Pay- 
ment than what is expressed in that signed Accompt and it was 
impossible for me to conceive that any further charge remained. 
But I am willing, Sir, to have it examined, and Mr. Commissary 
General Clarke shall, whenever you will please to permit it, 
meet any Person from you, in order to know what this new 
charge may be, and report it to me : And the Amount being 
finally settled, Mr. Clarke shall have Authority from me to 
receive the Ballance from you. 

"In the agreement made between you and Major General 
Pigot, or in that made by your aid-de-camp and Commissary 



350 Appendix No, i. 

General with Major Morrison, whereby a Deposit of a Sum of 
Money was left in your hands to discharge the deficiencies in 
the delivery of Provisions, it was stipulated that such Ballance 
as might remain in favour of the British Government after the 
Provisions were certified to be received, should be paid imme- 
diately into my Hands. In this case I am no other way a Prin- 
cipal than relates to receiving the Money of the Deposit, and 
as it was necessary I should Report upon it to General Pigot 
the immediate demand of Payment need not appear extraor- 
dinary. 

" The Accounts of Supplies for the Troops of the Conven- 
tion, for the last three Months, I have before informed you 
should be liquidated as soon as possible after you please to send 
them — and you may recollect, I offered some time since to send 
with your permission, an officer directly to Sir Henry Clinton 
with the Accounts to prevent delay — I apprehend you have had 
no reason to complain of the correctness or willingness of Lieu- 
tenant General Burgoyne in settling your Accounts — You may 
depend on the same punctuality on my part. 

" British Officers are and the British Government is ex- 
tremely nice and pointed in what regards private Bargains or 
publick Treaties — private Trust or Publick Faith. 
'^ I am Sir, 
" Your most obedient, humble Servant 

" W. Phillips 
'* Major General Heath." 

Some of General Phillips' correspondence with General 
Heath, however, as well as Ensign Anburey's testimony in his 
Travels, reveal the disagreeable fact that the general possessed 



Appendix No, i. 351 

a highly choleric temper. June 17, 1778, Lieutenant Richard 
Brown of the 21st Regiment, in company with two women in 
a chaise, attempted to drive past the line of American sentries ; 
and though he knew it was against positive orders, and was 
warned of the consequences of persisting, he, nevertheless, 
continued his efforts, and consequently was shot by the sentry 
on duty, and died the same night; whereupon General Phillips 
addressed General Heath this letter. 

" Cambridge^ June 17, 1778. 

"Murder and death has at length taken place. An officer 
riding out from the barracks on Prospect Hill, has been shot by 
an American centinel. I leave the horrors incident to that 
bloody disposition, which has joined itself to rebellion in these 
Colonies, to the feelings of all Europe. I do not ask for 
justice, for I believe every principle of it is fled from this 
Province. 

" I demand liberty to send an officer to Gen. Sir Henry 
Clinton, by way of the head-quarters of Gen. Washington, 
with my report of this murder. 

" W. Phillips, Maj. Gen. 

*' Maj. Gen. Heath." 

The next day, Phillips thus wrote to Heath in regard to 
the body of the deceased lieutenant :— " If it is to be allowed 
Christian burial, I would wish to deposit it in the vault ap- 
propriated for strangers, in the Protestant church at Cam- 
bridge. * * * As I am totally ignorant to whom it may 
be necessary to apply for leave to open the church, it obliges 
me to give you this trouble ; and I hope, if permission is 



352 Appendix No, i. 

granted, that it may be done so fully, as will prevent the 
sanguinary people of this country from insulting and treating 
with indignity the dead body of the unfortunate officer, who, 
in their rage, revengeful tempers, and barbarity, they have put 
to death." 

General Heath took exception to this language as reflecting 
upon the honor and dignity of the United States, and con- 
fined Phillips to the limits of his house, gardens and yard, and 
to the direct road from his quarters to the quarters of the troops 
of the convention on Prospect and Winter Hills ; " expecting 
from you," wrote Heath to him, " a parole, for propriety of 
conduct within those limits ; which if you refuse, I shall be 
under the necessity of ordering you to narrower limits, until 
I can obtain the pleasure of the Honorable the Congress 
touching the matter, to whom I shall transmit your letter, and 
crave their directions." 

General Phillips refused to sign the parole, and General 
Heath, in his Memoirs, after detailing the correspondence, thus 
gives the sequel of the affair : " The whole of the foregoing 
correspondence was published by order of Congress; and our 
General was informed that it was left for him to conduct to- 
wards the British General, as to the continuance of his arrest, 
as he might judge the honour of the United States required. 
Gen. Phillips continuing to exhibit the same temper, or it 
rather growing upon him, he was continued in his arrest, un- 
til the troops of the Convention were ordered to be removed 
to Charlotteville in Virginia. "'° 

The relations of Gen. Phillips with Gen. Heath were not 
characteristic of those of all the generals of the Convention 



Appendix No. i. 353 

troops with the American commander, as indicated by the 
following letter from the collection of Dr. Thomas Addis 
Emmet. 

"Cambridge, May v\th^ 1778. 
"Sir. 

"Major Hopkins, Dept. Quar. Mast'r General, has informed 
me, that you intended doing me the Honor of a visit at Cam- 
bridge. Give me leave to assure you that I shall be very happy 
in seeing you at my House, and beg that you will favor me 
with your Company at Dinner, on any Day which you will be 
so good as to fix. 

" I have the Honor to be with Esteem 
" Sir, 
" Your most obed't 

'' humble Serv't 

" RiEDESEL. 

" The Hon'ble 

"Maj. Gen'l Heath, 

"Boston." 

General Phillips appeared to better advantage in captivity in 
Virginia than he did in Massachusetts. Burgoyne's troops 
were quartered only a few miles from Monticello, the home 
of Thomas Jefterson, and the relations between him and 
them were highly courteous. They had not been settled 
there many months before the governor, Patrick Henry, was 
urged to have them moved to some other part of the country, 
on the plea that the provisions they consumed were necessary 
for the American troops ; and the order for removal was about 
45 



354- Appendix No. i . 

to be issued when prevented by the earnest protest of Jeffer- 
son ; which interest in their behalf called forth the warmest 
expressions of gratitude from the British and German officers. 

The hospitalities of her house were gracefully and cordially 
tendered to these unfortunate strangers by Mrs. Jefferson ; 
and her husband threw open his library to them whence they 
got books to while away the tedium of their captivity. When 
General Phillips wrote his thanks to Jeff'erson for his generous 
kindness, we find the latter replying as follows : " The great 
cause which divides our countries is not to be decided by in- 
dividual animosities. The harmony of private societies cannot 
weaken national efforts. To contribute by neighbourly inter- 
course and attention to make others happy, is the shortest 
and surest way of being happy ourselves. As these sentiments 
seem to have directed your conduct, we should be as unwise 
as illiberal, were we not to preserve the same temper of mind." 
The pleasant reciprocity of courtesies is also shown by a little 
note that has come down to us, addressed by Phillips to Jeffer- 
son, August 12, 1779. "-The British officers," says the 
writer, " intend to perform a play next Saturday at the 
Barracks. I shall be extremely happy to have the honor to 
attend you and Mrs. Jeff'erson in my Box at the Theatre should 
you or that lady be inclined to go."" 

General Phillips was allowed to go to New York and reside 
on parole, in November, 1779, nearly a year before his ex- 
change'^; and he received his last promotion, that of lieutenant- 
colonel in the Artillery, July 6th, i78o.'.3 He was finally ex- 
changed for General Lincoln, then recently captured by the 
British at Charleston ; and he wrote from New York under 



Appendix No. i. 355 

date of October 31st, 1780,10 Lord George Germaine as 
follows : " Major General de Riedesel and myself were ex- 
changed on the 25th Instant, as you will perceive, my Lord, 
by the inclosed Copies of the Certificates of our Exchanges. 
The Commander in Chief has been pleased to put me in 
Orders to serve with this Army. 

*' Sir Henry Clinton having directed me to transmit to your 
Lordship a Report of the present Transaction relative to 
Exchanges, I take great Pleasure in having the Honor of com- 
municating it to your Lordship: This Gratification arises as 
well from mv own personal Feelings individually upon this 
happy Occasion, as from the general Satisfaction a Completion 
of this humane Business must diffuse in the Minds of those of 
his Majesty's Officers who will be released from their 
Captivity. 

"Sir Henry Clinton has judged proper to direct, that the 
Troops of Convention be still considered as under my Orders ; 
and that all Reports concerning their Situation should be sent 
to me, in order to be laid before his Excellency as usual. I 
take the Liberty of inclosing a Copy of Sir Henry Clinton's 
Letter to me, containing his Commands upon this Subject : 
I shall continue to pursue their Interests and Weltare with the 
same unwearied Zeal 1 have ever done. 

"I beg Leave to repeat to you, my Lord, the high and 
grateful Sense I entertain of the many Favours conferred by 
your Lordship upon me and the Troops of Convention. The 
kind Protection and Solicitude your Lordship has constantly 
manifested, both to me personally, and to those Troops in 
generaljClaimour best Acknowledgments and warmest Thanks. 



35^ Appendix No. i. 

" I entreat you will, my Lord, represent me to the King 
under the most perfect Attachment to his Royal Person and 
Government, as one whose Heart is replete with Gratitude 
for his Majesty's most gracious Expressions of Approbation of 
my Conduct, and entirely devoted to his Majesty's Service. "'3 

It is evident that the writer of this letter shared non^ of the 
bitterness of his former chief against the British ministry. 
Indeed, the testimony of Phillips and that of Burgoyne, in 
regard to the government's treatment of the Convention 
officers, seem to be of a diametrically opposite character. 

The German Genera] Riedesel wrote from New York, 
under date of November lO, 1780, as follows: — "General 
Phillips, after his exchange, was placed in command of the 
grenadiers, the light infantry and the 42d British regiment. 
This is the ^//Vif corps of the army. He is full of joy," &c.''' 

Campbell, in his History of Virginia (p. 169) in writing of 
Phillips, says, ^' he was an accomplished and able officer, but 
proud and passionate Exasperated by a tedious cap- 
tivity, upon his exchange he had been indulged by Sir Henry 
Clinton in a desire to invade Virginia and wreak his vengeance 
on a province where he had been so long detained, (unjustly, 
as he not without some reason believed,) a prisoner of war." 
He sailed for Virginia with about 2000 men, March 20th, 1781, 
effected a junction at Portsmouth with General Benedict 
Arnold, then wearing a British uniform, March 27th, and 
being the ranking officer at once assumed command of the 
combined force. He Jeft Portsmouth, April i8th, marched 
via Burwell's Ferry to Williamsburg, thence to Barrett's 
ferry near the Chickahominy, and embarked for City Point, 



Appendix No. i. 357 

whence he was to proceed by land to Petersburg and effect a 
junction with Lord Cornwallis, who was marching northward. 
General Phillips met with no substantial resistance and easily 
carried out his plans, committing great ravages and destroying 
much property on his route. Lieut. -Colonel Simcoe in his 
Journal details these operations ; and General Phillips' orders 
show tfreat observance of drill and discipline. Colonel Simcoe 
says that, at Barrett's Ferry, " General Phillips gave out the 
strictest orders to prevent privateers, the bane and disgrace of 
the country which employs them, from preceding the fleet, 
and being found upon any rivers marauding or plundering. '"5 

Arnold, who remained with Pnillips as second in command, 
wrote to Sir Henry Clinton from Petersburg, under date of 
May 12, 1 78 1, as follows : — "I am extremely sorry to inform 
your Excellency that Major-General Phillips is reduced so low 
by a Fever, which seized him on the 2d instant, that he is 
incapable of Business, and the Physicians are not without Fears 
for his safety." On the 2d of iMay, the British army was at 
Bermuda Hundreds opposite City Point. Arnold gives a detail 
of each days's proceedings, and says, under date of May 8th, 
" Remained at Brandon. Major General Phillips being very 
ill, and unable to travel on Horseback, a Post-Chaise was pro- 
cured for him." To^vards the close of his letter Arnold 
adds : " Major-General Phillips is so weak and low, that it 
will be some considerable Time before he can go through the 
Fatigue of Business.''"^ 

We have often wondered with what feelings Phillips 
regarded Arnold on the Virginia expedition, as during the 
former's last previous active service he had been directly 



358 Appendix No. i. 

opposed to the latter ; and to Arnold, perhaps, as much as to 
any other one man, Phillips owed his captivity. Though 
American sources of information as to this feeling should be 
received u^ith very great distrust, yet the following from a 
letter written by Charles Thomson, Secretary of the Con- 
tinental Congress, to John Jay, while minister at Madrid, 
dated Philadelphia, July 11, 1781, possesses in a manner and 
to a limited extent, some probability. The writer says, in The 
Thomson Papers, to be found in the New York Historical 
Society's Publication Fund Series, vol. xi, p. 49, — " Clinton, 
flattered with the success his arms had met with in Virginia, 
and sensible how much weight the eclat of invading that state 
would give to the measures of administration in England at the 
opening of the new Parliament, sent Major General Phillips 
with large reinforcements to take the command. If we may 
credit reports, the two Generals were not very agreeable to 
each other, Arnold now saw that he lost the opportunity of 
enriching himself by plunder and the emoluments of command. 
And Phillips held in the utmost Contempt the abilities and 
character of the traitor. They continued some time together 
and advanced from Portsmouth to Petersburgh, where Phillips 
was suddenly taken ill and in two or three days expired. 
Various reports were circulated respecting his deatii, some 
attributing it to a fever, others to poison administered by 
Arnold, on whom by this event the command again devolved. 
However that might be, it is pretty certain that no good 
understanding now subsisted between Arnold & his troops. 
The officers who came with Phillips, and especially those of 
his family, bore with reluctance the command of Arnold ; and 
it is not improbable that this might have proved very advanta- 



Appendix No, i. 359 

geous to us, had not Cornwallis in that critical moment come 
up and assumed the command." 

General Phillips made his headquarters in Petersburg at the 
residence of Mrs. Boiling, called BoUingbrook, where he died 
May 13. '7 Lafayette appeared on the heights opposite 
Petersburg, May loth, and cannonaded the British quarters. 
The British General Graham, then captain-lieutenant of the 
76th Highlanders, which formed a part of Phillips' force, says 
Lafayette directed ''his fire principally against Mrs. Boland's 
house in which the general lay dangerously ill. A cannon ball 
passed through his bed chamber, but no further damage was 
done than killing a black woman, a slave of Mrs. Boland's,"'^ 
Campbell, in his History of Virginia, states that General 
Phillips' quarters were so exposed during this cannonading that 
he was removed into the cellar for safety. He lies buried in 
the old Blandford church-yard in Petersburg. 

The character of General Phillips, from the American 
stand-point, is not altogether flattering. The relations between 
him and Thomas Jefferson, we have seen, were very cordial 
and polite while the former was a prisoner, but their official 
relations, when Phillips came to invade Virginia, were of a far 
different character, as shown by a letter from Jefferson, then 
Governor of the Commonwealth, to the Virginia delegates in 
Congress, dated May loth, 1781, in which he charged Phillips 
with " rudeness i" and, from his personal knowledge, styled 
the British general '' the proudest man of the proudest nation 
on earth." Governor Jefferson concluded his letter in regard 
to Phillips with this sentence: — "I would further observe to 
you, that this gentleman's letters to the Baron Steuben first, 
and afterwards to the Marquis Fayette, have been in a style so 



360 Appendix No. i. 

intolerably insolent and haughty, that both these gentlemen 
have been obliged to inform him that if he thinks proper to 
address them again in the same spirit, all intercourse shall 
be discontinued. '"9 

In pleasant contrast with the above is the following incident 
told by Gen. (then Captain-Lieutenant) Graham, in regard to 
General Phillips during his Virginia expedition. " While a 
British column," says Graham, " was crossing a road which ran 
into the main one, two carriages, each with four horses and out- 
riders, happened to come in contact with it ; a gentleman 
jumped out of the leading carriage, and, mounting an outrider's 
horse, dashed into the woods ; a shot or two were fired after 
him by the troops, but he escaped. A lady remained in the 
carriage, seemingly much agitated. The carriages were detained 
until the arrival of the General. When the General came up 
he immediately recognized the lady, having become acquainted 
with her when detained as a prisoner of war on parole in this 
part of the country. On asking her who the gentleman was, 
she replied : ' He is my husband ; we are just married.' The 
General said : ' It was foolish in him to run the risk he did by 
trying to escape, for it was not possible that he could long do so.' 
' And if you get him,' she said, 'what will be done to him V 
* Madam,' said the General, 'he shall be sent immediately back 
to you, that you may enjoy the honeymoon.' As soon as the 
column had passed, the carriages were allowed to proceed, not 
a horse being touched, although our artillery horses had not 
recovered from the effects of the sea-voyage."'^ 

Whatever may be the American view of General Phillips' 
character, the British estimate of it is very high. 



Appendix No. 2. 361 



Captain Duncan, in his History of the Royal Artillery, calls 
him " as brave and honourable a soldier as ever served in the 
regiment;" and thus concludes in regard to him : — " From the 
glorious day at Minden his professional career of more than one 
and twenty years had been one of credit to his corps, honour 
to himself, and usefulness to his country. He had been thir- 
teen years in the Regiment before the battle of Minden, so 
that his total service when he died, exceeded thirty-four years. 
He was beloved by all who served with him, and was a model 
for artillerymen to imitate, in gallantry, ability, and progress" 
['G. U. ^C. Z. 207-214. 3B. H. "A. M. sF. C. 128. 
6F. B. 470. 7B. N. app. 16. ^B. N. app. 48. ^B. N. app. 
54. -F. P. P. 166, 169, 175, 176, 177 : H. J. 194. "K. B. 
50,53: G. O. 154-162: L. 33. "K. N. 201. '3H. N. 
530. '^K. N. 208. '5L. B. 129-146. '^H. O. 6oi. '^B. V. 
8F. Y. 247. '9G. O. 221.] 



NO. 2. 

Capt. Thomas Blomefield. 

Thomas Blomefield was born at Milton, in Kent, June 16, 
1744'; and was the only son of the Rev. Thomas Blomefield, 
A. M., rector, as well as patron, of Hartley and Chalk, both in 
Kent, and chaplain to the Earl of Dorset, by his second wife, 
Mary, daughter of John Matthews, and widow of William 
Branch. ^.3 Being originally intended for the navy, young 
Blomefield was sent to sea in the Cambridge, commanded by 
46 



362 Appendix No. 2. 

his father's intimate friend, Sir Piercy Brett ; but the boy's own 
inclination was towards the army, so his father procured his ad- 
mission to the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, 3 which 
he entered as a gentleman cadet Feb. 9, 1758/ His conduct 
and abilities there soon attracted the notice of the celebrated 
Muller, then professor of Artillery and Fortification, who ever 
after entertained for him a strong friendship and regard. 3 In the 
unusually short period of less than eleven months he obtained 
a commission in the 1st Battalion of the Royal Artillery as a 
lieutenant fire-worker, Jan. i, 1759; "^.^ and soon after, when 
only fifteen years old, he was appointed to the command of a 
bomb-vessel at the bombardment of Havre de Grace under 
Admiral Rodnev. Subsequently in the same year he joined the 
fleet in Quiberon Bay under Sir Edward Hawke, engaged in 
blockading the French force under M. de Conflans.3 He was 
promoted to a 2d lieutenancy in the Artillery Aug. i, 1762; s 
went the same year to the West Indies with Admiral Rodney, 
and was at the capture of Martinique and the Havannah ; and 
subsequently of Pensacola and Mobile. 3 May 28, 1766, he 
became a 1st lieut. in the 2d Battalion, ^ and in 1771 he was 
fortunate enough to be introduced to the notice ot Gen. Con- 
way, then Master General of the Ordnance, who appointed him 
one of his aids, and received him into his family upon terms of 
parental kindness. ^ Jan. 29. 1773, he was advanced to a cap- 
tain-lieutenancy in the 3d Battalion,^ and upon Lord Towns- 
hend's succeeding to be Master General, Blomefield became 
an aid to that nobleman. In the spring of 1776 he em- 
barked with his company for Canada, though his position as 
aid-de-camp would, according to the established usages of the 
army, have exempted him from the necessity of leaving Eng- 



Appendix No. 2. 363 

land. June 3d, 1776, immediately upon his arrival in Canada, 
he was appointed major of brii;ade to Vlajor General Phillips.*" 

In a letter written about this time by him to a near relative 
at home, he says : — " General Phillips took the earliest oppor- 
tunity after my arrival of appointing me Major of Brigade, a 
post exceedingly eligible in my situation, as it puts it in my 
power to render mvself useful, though at the expense of my 
ease, which in my case I do not in the least regret ; for had that 
been my object, I might have possibly remained at home. I 
am happily attached to a very genteel, intelligent, active man, 
and as every detail of the service passes through my inspection, 
and my duty is my first and sole object in coming over, I am 
rather to be envied than not ; for however captivating a town 
life may be to many, I declare 1 fee! greater pleasure in the 
bustle of a camp than in the dull round in which I should have 
been involved ; and which nothing but the society of those I 
esteem could give a relish to." Upon his arrival in Canada he 
was etnployed in constructing floating batteries which he had 
planned before he left England. When the army went into 
winter quarters he returned to England, bearing with him to 
Lord Townshend, the Master General of the Ordnance, a 
most flattering letter from Gen. Phillips, in which the writer 
referred to the " great advantage derived from his " [Capt. 
Blcmefield's] '* knowledge in his profession," and expressed 
the hope that his Lordship would permit the captain to return 
to Canada in the spring. " I think," wrote Gen. Phillips, 
** his own honour is concerned in his doing so, but a still more 
material reason may be given, that the King's service will 
suffer by his absence. "3 

Early in the spring of 1777 Capt. Blomefield again sailed to 
Canada, taking with him a gun and carriage calculated for the 



364 Appendix No, 2. 

double purpose of land and water service, and which he had 
constructed during the winter at the particular desire of 
Sir Guy Carleton and Gen. Burgoyne.3 He joined Bur- 
goyne's army at Ticonderoga July 23, ^ and took an active part 
in the campaign, acting as major of brigade to Gen. Phillips 
until that officer issued his order of Sept. 14, 1777, of which the 
following is an extract : — " Capt. Blomefield, Major of Brigade, 
having desired in the present want of Captains to do his Duty 
in the Park, the Major General allows of it, and he will be 
ordered to such parts of the Artillery occasionally as may most 
require it : he is therefore to make himself acquainted with the 
Right and Centre Divisions in order that he may be posted to 
either of them when ordered."^ At the battle of Bemus' 
Heights, Oct. 7, Capt. BlomefieKl was wounded, and Sergeant 
Lamb in his Jturnal of the American War thus writes : 
"Captain Blomefield of the artillery, received a wound which 
was very remarkable, a shot passing through both cheeks, 
without hurting the inside of his mouth. "9 Notwithstanding 
Sergeant Lamb sometimes acted as an assistant to the surgeons, 
Madame Riedesel's account of Capt. Blomefield's wound is 
much the most probable. She says in her Letters and Journals, 
page 132, — "One day I undertook the care of Major 
Plumpfield " [Blomefield], " adjutant of General Phillips, 
through both of whose cheeks a small musket ball had passed, 
shattering his teeth and grazing his tongue. He could hold 
nothing whatever in his mouth. The matter from the wound 
almost choked him, and he was unable to take any other 
nourishment, except a little broth, or something liquid. We 
had Rhine wine. I gave him a bottle of it, in hopes that the 
acidity of the wine would cleanse his wound. He kept some 



Appendix No, 2« 365 

continually in his mouth ; and that alone acted so beneficially 
that he became cured, and I again acquired one more 
friend." He was included in the Saratoga Convention and 
signed the Cambridge Parole. In the spring of 1779 he 
returned to England and resumed his duties as aid-de-camp to 
Lord Townshend, who, in the following year, appointed him 
Inspector of Artillery and of the Brass Foundery,^ his com- 
mission bearing date March 5, 1780.'* This position he held 
during the remainder of his life, and to his efforts and ability 
are due many and great improvements wrought in the construc- 
tion of ordnance. 3 

He became a captain in the Royal Artillery Jan, 19, 1780 ; 
and until 1785, his was No. 8 Company, ist Battalion, now 
"A" Battery, nth Brigade; after that he was transferred to 
No. 3 Company, ist Battalion, now " 7 " Battery, 2d Bri- 
gade.'" He became a major in the army March 19, 1783, in 
the artillery Sept 25, 1793, a lieut-colonel Dec 5, 1793,3 
colonel in the army Jan. 26, 1797, in the artillery Nov. 12, 
1800, and a major general Sept, 25, 1803. On the formation 
of the 9th Battalion of the Royal Artillery Gen. Blomefield 
was appointed its colonel commandant, his commission bearing 
date June i, i8o6.5.^ His last and most important service was 
at the siege of Copenhagen in 1803, the command of the 
artillery destined for that service, having been conferred on him 
July 28ih in that year. For his share of the complete success 
that crowned that expedition he received the thanks of both 
Houses of Parliament and a baronetcy ; his creation as a baro- 
net dating from Nov. 3, 1807." Burke, however, says the 
date of his creation as a baronet was Nov. 14, 1807. He 
attained the rank of lieut. -general July 25, 1810 \^ and he 



366 Appendix Nc\ 2. 

died after an illness of only three days at Shooter's Hill, in 
Kent, Aug. 24, 1822, in the 79th year of his age. 3 By his wife, 
Elizabeth, whom he married July 27, 1788, and who was the 
second daughter of the Right Hon. Sir John Eardley Wilmot, 
Knt-, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, he left an only son, 
who succeeded him in the baronetcy.' 

Capt. Duncan's History of the Royal Artillery contains this 
summing up of the character of Sir Thomas Blomefield : " He 
was a good mathematician, an excellent chemist, and most 
laborious in experiments in gunnery. His private character is 
thus described by one who knew him intimately : — ' There 
was no display of his merits shown in his manner ; all his 
duties and improvements were silently and unassumingly 
carried on, with a natural reserve and undeviating correctness, 
so that it was only the close observer who could duly appre- 
ciate his value. His being generally and greatly esteemed 
arose as much from his being the perfect gentleman as from the 
ingenuous turn of his mind, for there was no glare or obtrusive 
view, but rather a strong desire to improve the service with as 
little parade as possible\"" ['I Y. 834. 'B R. 3E P. 370 
*G U. 5B. H. «F. E. 4. 7B N. 67. «E. Z. ^G. V. 180 
'^C Z. 177, 174. ''D A. 158-167.] 



Appendix No, 3. 367 



NO. 3. 

Lord Viscount Peterfham, 
The third Earl of Harrington. 
Lord Petersham, achieved a brilliant career. Among the 
dignities, honors and offices he held at the time of his death, 
were the following : — third Earl of Harrington, Viscount 
Petersham and Baron Harrington; a Knight Grand Cross of 
the Illustrious Guelphic Order ; a Knight Grand Cross of 
the Bath ; a Privy Councillor of England and Ireland ; a 
General in the army ; Colonel of the First Regiment of Life 
Guards ; Captain, Governor and Constable of Windsor 
Castle ; a member of the Consolidated Board of General 
Officers ; a Commissioner of the Royal Military College', 
&c., &c. 

Charles Stanhope sprung from a distinguished line. He 
was a kinsman of the celebrated Philip Dormer Stanhope, 3d 
Earl of Chesterfield, having been descended from a half-brother 
of the first earl. His grandfather, the first Earl of Harrington, 
was a general in the army, and held many important civil and 
military positions, having been entrusted with several embassies 
to different courts, and having been Lord President of the 
Council. His father was likewise a general in the armv, and 
both father and grandfather were colonels of the 2d Troop of 
Horse Grenadier Guards. He was the eldest son of William 
Stanhope, 2d Earl of Harrington, by his wife, Caroline Fitzroy, 
eldest daughter of the 2d Duke of Grafton, and was born 



368 Appendix No. 3. 

March 17, 1753. On his mother's side he was the eleventh 
in lineal descent from George, Duke of Clarence, brother of 
King Edward TV.^ 3 

Like several of his ancestors the subject of this sketch en- 
tered the military profession. At the age of sixteen he became 
an ensign in the Second, or Coldstream Foot Guards, his com- 
mission bearing date Nov. 13, 1769, his rank in the army 
being that of a lieutenant. He was promoted to a captaincy in 
the 29th Foot July 26, 1773'*, but did not join that organization 
until its return from America at the close of that year, when 
he was appointed to the light company. 

In 1774 Lord Petersham was returned to Parliament just 
before its dissolution, on a vacancy for the borough of Thet- 
ford.' In December, 1776, a new writ was ordered for 
Westminster upon the elevation of Lord Percy to the Duke- 
dom of Northumberland, and Lord Petersham was elected to 
the vacancy, and continued to represent Westminster till his 
own elevation to the upper house in 1779, upon the death of 
his father. 5 

Early in 1776 his lordship exchanged the light company for 
the grenadiers of the 29th', and in February of that year the 
regiment embarked at Chatham for Quebec, Lord Petersham 
with the grenadiers being on board the man of war Isis, 
which, however, did not sail from Spithead till the nth of 
March. The Isis arrived in the bason of Quebec May 6th, 
and was the first troop ship to reach Canada from England 
that year. Upon the day of its arrival the grenadiers of the 
29th landed, and, with the troops of the garrison and the ma- 
rines of the ships of war, advanced against the Americans on 



Appendix No. 3. 369 

the Heights of Abraham and compelled them to abandon the 
investment of Qiiebec. Lord Petersham served through 1776 
in Canada, and the next year under Burgoyne ; acting from 
July 12, 1777, as a supernumery aid-de-camp to that unfortunate 
general. He was included in the surrender at Saratoga, but 
escaped captivity, as he was entrusted with despatches to Lord 
George Germaine, authorized under the articles of capitulation. 
He arrived in London, Dec. 24, r777^ and testified before the 
Committee of the House of Commons in 1779, in regard to 
Burgoyne's disastrous campaign. 7 Jan. 16, 1778, he purchased 
a captaincy in the 3d Foot Guards, which gave him the rank 
of a lieut. -colonel in the army.'. * 

By the death of his father, April I, 1779, he became Earl 
of Harrington, and on the 23d of the following May, he mar- 
ried Jane, daughter and co-heir of Sir John Fleming, Bart,, of 
BroViipton Park. 

The next year, letters of service were issued to raise a 
number of new regiments, one of which, the 85th, was given 
to his lordship', who soon completed it to upwards of looo 
men^ and, accompanied by his countess, shortly after embarked 
for Jamaica' with it as lieut. -colonel commanding, his com- 
mission bearing date Aug 30, 1779." On his arrival at 
Jamaica the Earl of Harrington was made an acting brigadier, 
with the command of the flank companies of all the regiments', 
though the London Chronicle tells us that his commission as a 
brigadier-general was not signed till Sept. 5, 1781.9 The 
tropical climate of the West Indies wrought great havoc in the 
85th, and, within a few months after its arrival at Jamaica, 
nine-tenths of the regiment died or became unfit for duty.'° 

47 



370 Appendix No. 3. 

The remainder, after drafting such of the men as were fit 
for service into other regiments, was ordered home and 
embarked on board the ill fated Ville de Paris, though 
fortunately its commander and a number of officers did not 
accompany it. The earl's health having become impaired, he, 
with his countess, returned to England, where he arrived June 
19, 1781." 

Nov. 20, 1782, he was appointed an aid-de-camp to the 
king, which gave him the rank of colonel in the army ; 
and March 12, 1783, he became the colonel of the 65th Foot, 
which regiment he accompanied to Ireland ; but when it was 
ordered to America in 1785 his lordship obtained his majesty's 
permission to return to England/ Jan. 28, 1788, he became 
the colonel of the 29th Foot^, then just returned from America. 
In the summer of 1792, a camp was formed on Bagshot Heath, 
and the first of the two brigades into which the infantrv was 
divided, was commanded by Lord Harrington.' Dec. 5, 1792, 
the king evinced a further proof of his regard for his lordship 
by appointing him colonel of the 1st Regiment of Life Guards, 
and he became a major-general Oct. 12, 1793.* During the 
campaigns of the Duke of York in Flanders, the Earl of Har- 
rington was sent on a private mission to the duke, and 
remained with him for a short time.' He became a lieut.- 
general Jan. i, 1798'; and he was employed as second in 
command of the London Staff, his Royal Highness, Field 
Marshal, the Duke of Gloucester, being first. Oct. 24, 1798, 
he was appointed a privy councilior'% and Sept. ] 2, 1803, a 
general in the army.'' In the latter part of 1805 he was 
employed as Ambassador Extraordinary to the Emperor of 
Germany, and, early in the next year, to the King of Prussia." 



Appendix No. 3. 37 



Later in 1806 he was sent to Ireland as commander-in-chief 
of the forces in that part of the empire, of which his grand- 
father had twice been viceroy, viz. in 1747, and 1749. March 
17, 18 1 2, his lordship was appointed governor of Windsor 
Castle on the death of the Earl of Cardigan ; and he was the 
same year succeeded in the chief command in Ireland by the 
Earl of Hopetoun. At the coronation of George IV, in 1821, 
the Earl of Harrington was the bearer of the Great Standard of 
England. His Lordship died at Brighton Sept. 14th, 1829, 
aged 76 years, and he was buried at Elvaston, the family seat 
in Derbyshire, where a monument by Canova has been erected 
to his memory. 

By his countess, who was a conspicuous ladv in court 
circles, being a great favorite of Queen Charlotte, and who 
died Feb. 3, 1824, the Earl of Harrington had eight sons and 
three daughters. His eldest son succeeded to the earldom and 
obtained the rank of major-general in the army. Several of his 
other sons likewise entered the military service and obtained 
high rank. 

That the Earl of Harrington was an accomplished soldier 
there can be no question. His •skill as a tactician was great, 
and. when he was with the 65th, General Sir David Dundas, 
then adjutant-general of the army in Ireland, wishing to bring 
forward the system of tactics afterwards adopted in the army, the 
Earl of Harrington, who approved highly of it, at once tried it in 
his regiment, and sodemonstrated its utility that it wasintroduced 
into other regiments, and finally in June, 1792, it was, by his 
majesty's orders, directed to be implicitly fallowed by every 
regiment in the service.' 



372 Appendix No. 3. 

Unlike many officers of hio;h social rank in the British army, 
his lordship seemed to cultivate the acquaintance, and to enjoy 
the fellowship of those under his command. Anburey, who 
served for a while in the grenadier company of the 29th, which, 
he writes " I am proud in saying is commanded by Lord Peter- 
sham," thus refers to the Earl of Harrington in the Dedication 
of his Travels : — " Having had the honor to serve under your 
Lordship, it was my fortune, in common with all who were in 
the same situation, to become attached to your Lordship by 
personal obligations. **-•'= Examples of bravery, though 
none can be more conspicuous than those your Lordship 
shewed, abound in every class of a British army : more rare, 
though not less worthy of imitation, is the sort of attachment 
your Lordship has always shewn to your corps. It has been 
your praise, my Lord, when out of the field, to forego the 
pleasures which high rank, fortune, youth and accomplishments 
opened to your view, and to brave the severity of climate, 
through tedious winters, in mere military fellowship. In 
retired quarters, you found the care of your men to be at once 
the true preparation for your country's service, and a most 
gratifying enjoyment to your own benevolence : while on their 
parts, they considered their leader as their best friend and bene- 
factor." ['E.T. 365: L. S. 24-27: T. 121. ^B. R. ^VI.H. 
2bi. *B. H. ^A. N. 150. ^H. H.614. 'B. N. 48. «H. L. 
187. 9H. P. 234. '°H. H. 624. "H. O. 585. '^F O.] 



Appendix No. 4. 373 



NO. 4. 

Sir William Howe. 

Sir William Howe was the fourth son of Emanuel Scrope, 2d 
Viscount Howe, by his wife, Mary Sophia Charlotte, eldest 
daughter, according to Burke, of the Hanoverian Baron Kil- 
mansegge, Master of the Horse to George I, as Elector of Han- 
over. Sir William's mother, it is said, was an illegitimate 
daughter of George I, by his mistress, the Hanoverian Baroness 
Kilmansegge, and consequently first cousin once removed of 
George HI -, a fact which doubtless explained the reason of 
much promotion that merit, certainly, did not warrant. Sir, 
William's eldest brother was George Augustus, 3d Viscount 
Howe, who fell so bravely at Ticonderoga, July 6, 1758, 
while commanding a brigade ; and his next older brother was 
Richard, Admiral Lord Howe, 4th Viscount, who won such a 
signal naval victory over the French. 

Sir William was born Aug. 10, 1729, and was educated at 
Eton ; but being intended for a military life he was taken from 
that seminary very young and was presented with his first com- 
mission by the Duke of Cumberland, who gave him a cor:ietcy 
in his own regiment of light dragoons, in which he was promoted 
to a lieutenancy Sept 21, 1747- This regiment was disbanded 
in 1749, shortly after the conclusion of the treaty of Aix la 
Chapelle, but he was promoted on June ist, 1750, to a cap- 
taincy in the 20th Foot ; and on the 4th of January, i 756, to be 



37+ Appendix No. \, 

majoi in the 6oth Fdoi, which regiment was afterwaicis renum- 
bered as the 58th. f Jc became the Hcut-coloncl of his regi- 
ment Dec. 17, 1757, and a colonel in America only, Jan. 27, 
1758. He served in the expedition against Louisbourg in 1758 ; 
and in 1759 he commanded the light infantry under Wolfe at 
the capture of Quebec. In (761 he was one of the brigadiers 
in the expedition against Bellcisle on the coast of France, and 
in 1762 he was the adjutant-general of the army operating 
against Havana. He became a colonel in the army Feb. 19, 
1762; the colonel of the 46th Foot, Nov. 21, 1764; lieut- 
govcrnor of the Isle of Wight in 1768 ; and a major-general 
May 25, 1772. 

Embarking at Portsmouth, Gen, Howe, together with Gens. 
Clinton and Burgoyne, left England for Boston, April 20, 
1775, in the Cerberus frigate of 28 guns, arriving at his desti- 
nation May 251 li. The Cerberus became somewhat celebrated 
for its treight^of unsuccessful generals ; and among the nume- 
rous squibs hit of} upon it, this was one of the n)ost clever : — 

" Behold the Cerberus the Atlantic plough, 

" Her precious cargo, Burgoyne, Clinton, Howe, 

" Bow, wow, wow." 

Gen. Howe became the colonel of the 23d Foot, or Royal 
Welch Fuzileers, May 11, 1775, and the next month he com- 
manded the British troops in their memorable assault on Bun- 
ker Hill, where he displayed more personal bravery than sol- 
dierly skill. He succeeded Gen. Gage in the chief command 
of the troops in America in Oct., 1775. " The evacuation of 
Boston," he tells us, " was the first material occurrence after 
my appointment to the command of his Majesty's forces in 
North America. On the 9th of Nov., 1775, I received the 



Appendix No. 4. 375 

Secretary of State's order dated the 5th of September, to 
abandon that town before winter, and to move the army to 
New York, or to some other place to the southward ; my own 
reasons, indeed, against opening the campaign from IJoston, 
had hctn in the meantime generally set forth in a letter to his 
lordship of the 9th of October. The late arrival of the order 
and the deficiency of transport tonnage, rendered the removal 
of the troops impracticable till the lyih of March following, 
when I embarked with abcjut 6000 rank and file fit for duty, 
and about 900 sick." Gen. Howe became a general in 
America only, Jan, i, 1776, and a little later in that year he and 
bis brother Richird, Lord Viscount Howe, were appointed 
commissioners " for restoring peace to his Majesty's Colonics 
and Plantations in America," For gaining the battle of Long 
Island he received many encomiums from his Majesty, together 
with the order of the Bath, Lord George Germaine wrote to 
him under date of Oct. 18, 1776, in these flattering terms ; — 
" Those who in the early part of your life, from an observation 
of the inborn courage and active spirit which you manifested in 
inferior stations, were led to form favourable conjectures rel- 
ative to your future exploits, will, uith me, be happy to find 
their expectations so fully answered, and will be agreeably sur- 
prised to see you making such hasty advances towards mil- 
itary excellence, by thus uniting to the fire of youth all the 
wisdom and conduct of the most experienced commander." 
Subsequently, on the same day, Lord George again addressed 
him. *' It is impossible," wrote Lord Germaine, '* that any 
person who has daily attended to your military conduct, and 
found it from your entrance into the army invariably directed 
by an unintermitted ambition to serve your King and country, 



1"]b Appendix No. \. 

can imagine that )'our meritorious behaviour has been unnoticed 
by his Majesty, or that his gracious approbation has not been 
frequently communicated to you by his mmisters in their re- 
spective despatches. 

" His Majesty, however, being desirous that the high sense 
which he has of your successful endeavours to serve him should 
be of still greater notoriety, has thought proper to afford you a 
more publick testimony of his Royal favour, and has, therefore, 
out of his special regard for merit wherever it is found, been 
graciously^pleased to nominate you to be one of the Knights 
Companions of the most honourable Order of the Bath." 

Sir William Howe became a lieut. -general in the army Aug. 
29, 1777, and a little later he was put upon a Board of Com- 
missioners " to treat, consult and agree upon the means of 
quieting the disorders" then existing in certain of the American 
colonies. His operations in America are too well known to 
need rehearsal here. His failure to co-operate with Burgoyne 
interests us most. Gen. Howe says : " In my letter to the 
Secretary of State of the 2d of April, 1777, I enclosed a copy 
of a confidential letter which I wrote on the 5th of the same 
month spontaneously to Sir Guy Carleton ; I say spontane- 
ously, because I had not at that time received any official in- 
formation concerning the plan of the northern expedition, 
which I conceived was to take place that year. It may be 
recollected, that the substance of this letter was, that I should 
probably be in Pennsylvania at the time when the northern 
army would be ready to enter the province of New York ; 
that little assistance was to be expected from me to facilitate 
their approach, as a want of sufficient strength in my own army 



Appendix No. 4. 377 

would probably not admit of my detaching a corps to act up 
Hudson's ,River in the beginning of the campaign. On the 5th 
of June I received a copy of the Secretary of State's letter to 
Sir Guy Carleton, dated the 26th of March, 1777, wherein he 
communicates to him the plan of the northern expedition, and 
adds, ' that he will write to Sir Wiliam Howe by the first 
packet.' I must observe, that this copy of a letter to Sir Guy 
Carleton, though transmitted to me, was not accompanied with 
any instructions whatsoever ; and that the letter intended to 
have been written to me by the first packet, and which was 
probably to have contained some instructions, was never sent." 
The reason these instructions were never sent, is brought to 
light in Lord E. Fitzmaurice's Life of Lord Shelburne. A 
memorandum made by Lord Shelburne in regard to that disas- 
trous blunder, says, — " 'The inconsistent orders given to Gener- 
als Howe and Burgoyne could not be accounted for except in a 
way which it must be difficult for any person who is not con- 
versant with the negligence of office to comprehend. It might 
appear incredible, if his own secretary and the most respectable 
persons in office had not assured me of the fact, and what cor- 
roborates it is that it can be accounted for in no other way. It 
requires as much experience in business to comprehend the very 
trifling causes which have produced the greatest events as it 
does strength of reason to develope the very deepest designs.'' 
The memorandum proceeds to state that Lord George Ger- 
maine, * having among other peculiarities a particular aversion to 
be put out of his way on any occasion, had arranged to call 
at his office on his way to the country in order to sign the 
despatches ; but as those addressed to Howe had not been ' fair 
copied' and he was not disposed to be balked of his projected 
48 



37^ Appe7idix No. 4. 

visit into Kent, they were not signed then and were forgotten 
on his return to town,' " 

Sir William Howe was relieved as commander-in-chief in 
America the latter part of May, 1778, by Sir Henry Clinton, 
and on the 24th of that month he embarked at Philadelphia in 
the frigate Andromeda, for England, where he arrived July ist 
following. A few days preceding his departure a superb en- 
tertainment called the Mischian%a (Italian for medley) was 
given in his honor, by some of the officers of the army. Its 
like was never seen in America before or since, and the unfor- 
tunate Major Andre, then a captain in the 7th, or Royal Fuzi- 
leers has left a very full and graphic description of this mixed 
entertainment in a letter written at Philadelphia to a friend in 
London, and dated May 23, 1778. This letter was published 
in the Gentleman s Magazine io^ August, 1778, vol. 48, p. 
353, and his correspondent was probably Miss Seward, Judge 
Jones, the tory historian of New York during the Revolutionary 
War, and Mr. E. F. DeLancey, the editor of that interesting 
work, likewise afford much insight to those brilliant festivities. 
Judge Jones characterizes the affair as a '' triumphal raree show, 
a raree show laughed at by one-half of the army, ridiculed by 
the inhabitants, damned by the loyalists, and made a mockery 
vof, by the rebels." 

Sir William Howe won no laurels in America. His victories 
-were few, and the results reaped from them were small. His 
behavior at Bunker Hill evinced much personal gallantry, but 
he had no military genius, and he loved his ease. Judge Jones, 
the loyalist, denounced his inactivity at Boston in these terms: 
" Nothing seemed to engross his attention but the faro table, 



Appendix No» 4. 379 

the play house, the dancing assembly and Mrs. Loring," the 
wife of Joshua Loring, whom the judge avers the general ap- 
pointed a commissary of prisoners in return for his liberality in 
the use of his beautiful wife. The judge later on, sums up Sir 
William and Mrs. Loring, by referring " to the celebrated Mrs. 
Loring, who as Cleopatra of old, lost Mark Antony the world, 
so did this illustrious courtesan lose Sir William Howe the 
honour, the laurels, and the glory of putting an end to one of 
the most obstinate rebellions that ever existed." 

Sir William was graciously received by the king on his return 
to England, and the newspapers of the day inform us of his 
having conferences of several hours in length with his majesty, 
and of his receiving other marks of royal favor. Sir William 
was elected a member of parliament for Nottingham, to succeed 
his brother, who was killed at Ticonderoga. on a new writ 
ordered Nov. 28th, 1758; and he was re-elected for three 
succeeding parliaments, serving till July 8, 1780. On his 
return from America he defended his conduct in the House of 
Commons; and in 1780 was published "The Narrative of 
Lieut. -General Sir William Howe, in a Committee of the 
House of Commons, on the 29th of April, 1779, relative to his 
conduct during his late command of the King's troops in North 
America; to which are added some observations upon a pamph- 
let entitled Letters to a Nobleman ;" which ran through two 
editions during that year. April 23, 1782, Sir William was 
appointed lieut. -general of the Ordnance, a position he held 
until Nov ., 1804 ; and he was sworn of the Privy Council, June 
21, 1782. He became the colonel of the 19th Light Dragoons 
April 21, 1786; a general in the army Oct. 12, 1793; and 
governor of Berwick in 1795, from which he was removed to 



380 Appendix No. 4. 

the government of Plymouth in 1808. Admiral, Lord 
Viscount Howe, Sir William's older brother, died August 5, 
1799, when the Irish honors of Viscount Howe and Baron 
Clenawly, with a baronetcy, reverted to Sir William as 5th 
Viscount Howe. After a long severe illness, often attended 
with the most excruciating pain, Sir William, or Lord Howe, 
as he should now be called, died at his house at Twicken- 
ham, on the I2th of July, 1814, in the 85th year of his 
age. He married Frances, daughter of the Right Hon, William 
Conolly, of Castletown, County Kildare, Ireland, by the Lady 
Anne Wentworth, eldest daughter of William, 3d Earl of 
Strafford, by whom he had no issue; and the titles of Viscount 
Howe and Baron Clenawly, consequently, became extinct. 
Doubtless Sir William Howe's left-handed connection with 
royalty through his grandmother's frailty, rather than any merit 
of his own, was the secret of his rapid getting on in the world ; 
and every American owes a debt of gratitude to his military 
incompetence. [B. H: E. K. 93: D. D. 85 : B. R : G. 
H. 68 : G. R. 716, 252, 253, 351, 722: G. S. 86, 423 : 
H. J. 8, 14, 16, 19, 319 : K. C. 13, 66 : B. iM. xx : G. L. 3, 
15 : F. O : A. S: A, N. 176 : A. P. 176, 227, 330, 395 : 
A. R. 28, 32: J. nil.] 



Appendix No. 5. 381 



NO. 5. 

Captain Edward Foy. 

Edward Foy enlisted as a private in the Royal Regiment of 
Artillery in July, 1750 ; and his connection with that corps 
was severed only by death. He became a gentleman cadet 
in the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich in March, 1754; 
a lieutenant fireworker in the artillery March ist, 1755; a 
second lieutenant May 12th, 1756; a first lieutenant April 2d, 
1757 ; and a captain-lieutenant January ist, 1759.' He served 
with distinction at the battle of Minden, August ist, 1759, 
where, though only a capt.-lieut. his command consisted of 
four light 12 pounders, three light 6 pounders, and two how- 
itzers. In the General Orders issued by Prince Ferdinand the 
day after the battle, thanking the army for its gallantry, Capt. 
Foy was particularized ; and subsequently a gratuity of 500 
crowns was presented to him. He became a captain February 
2d, 1764, and took command of No. 4 Company, 3d Battalion, 
now "4" Battery, 3d Brigade, and served at Minorca.' He 
was bridge master of the Royal Artillery from 1 761 to 1770.' 

When the Earl of Dunmore assumed the governorship of 
New York, in 1770, Capt. Foy accompanied him as private 
secretary. A desire for pelf seemed to actuate these officials, 
and some illustrations will best indicate the reciprocity of 
service between them in a common object. The royal gov- 
ernor, for example, made a grant of 51,000 acres of land in 



382 Appendix No. 5. 

the neighborhood of Lake Champlain to 51 associates, of whom 
Foy was one; and within four days thereafter the whole 51 
had conveyed their interests to Lord Dunmore.3 Again upon 
the earl's arrival at New York he appointed Goldsbrow 
Banyar, Register of the Prerogative Court, " upon terms," as 
Gov. Tryon wrote to the Lords of the Committee of the Privy 
Council, " beneficial to Capt. Foy, who came out as Private 
Secretary to that nobleman."'' 

The advent of these two worthies, Lord Dunmore 
and Capt. Foy, to Virginia, is thus not flatteringly related 
by Burk in his History of Virginia. "Lord Dunmore, 
was removed from the government of New York to 
that of Virginia. From his conduct subsequent to this ap- 
pointment, it would seem that this removal was not entirely 
agreeable to him. Instead of hastening to his new govern- 
ment, which longed to behold a man of whom fame had spoken 
in flattering terms, he lingered for several months amidst the 
pleasures and amusements of that gay and wealthy city, and 
prepared the minds of the Virginians for that jealousy and 
dislike, which afterwards were changed into the extremest 
disgust and abhorrence. He arrived in 1772, having previously 
sent on his lady and family under the care of his private secre- 
tary, Capt. Edward Foy. Foy had distinguished himself at 
the battle of Minden, and was one of the three captains, whom 
Prince Ferdinand had praised for their gallantry on that day. 
In the present agitation of the public mind, when incidents 
otherwise trifling and apparently uninteresting, would become 
from their connection with government, important, it was re- 
garded as matter of speculation, that an officer of reputation 
should abandon his government of New Hampshire, to which 



Appendix No. 5. 383 

he had been appointed, for the obscure situation of clerk in 
Virginia ; and there were not wanting many, who asserted 
that the military talents of Foy were to be employed in carrying 
into effect those measures of coercion devised by the British 
parliament. Other circumstances served to strengthen those 
suspicions. To render the situation of Foy more comfortable, 
new fees were created, unknown to the constitution of the 
colony, and a salary of £500 per annum created without the 
cognizance of the assembly and directly contrary to established 
laws and usages. The opinions of the favourite too, on the 
subject of colonial claims, were highly offensive ; opinions 
which, notwithstanding his supposed station of private adviser 
to his lordship, and the obvious impolicy of the procedure, 
he used no pains to conceal. Such was the situation of affairs 
when the governor thought proper to summon an assembly. 
The first proceedings of this body, after the customary formali- 
ties, evinced their determined dislike and opposition. An attack 
was made on the governor, in the person of his secretary, and 
a list of the fees created for the benefit of clerks, demanded in 
words strong and explicit. In canvassing these measures little 
ceremony was used ; the conduct of the governor was pro- 
nounced illegal, and a committee was immediately appointed 
to lay before him the sense of the house, which on this occasion 
was almost unanimous. The governor's answer was mild and 
conciliatory. The fees complained of, he understood to have 
been established by his predecessors, and ought, he said, to be 
ascribed to his short residence in the country, which had not 
yet enabled him to acquire that knowledge of the laws and con- 
stitution so necessary for a just and able administration. He 
concluded by declaring that the fees should be withdrawn."* 
Burk must be in error jn supposing that Foy's declining the 



384 Appendix No. 5. 

lieut. -governorship of New Hampshire awakened any suspicion 
on the part of the Virginians, as he was not gazetted as lieut. - 
governor of New Hampshire until July, 1774, nearly two 
years after his arrival in Virginia, and four years after he had 
become Lord Dunmore's secretary.^ After the commence- 
ment of actual hostilities in New England between the colonies 
and the mother country, great distrust arose between the 
Virginians and their royal governor ; and at last, about two 
o'clock in the morning of June 8th, 1775, the earl with his 
countess, family, private secretary, and some domestics, left 
Williamsburg and went on board the man of war Fowey 
lying at Yorktown, much to the indignation of the inhabitants 
of the state. Several strong communications passed between 
the earl and the House of Burgesses, in one of which presented 
by the latter — " They disclaimed the idea of insinuating that 
the governor would designedly misrepresent facts ; yet it was 
much to be feared that he had too easily given credit to some 
designing persons, who, to the great injury of the community, 
possessed much too large a share of his confidence." " This 
attaches," says Burk in a foot note, "to Captain Foy, his 
secretary, who was governor de facto — an Englishman of 
violent passions and hostile prejudices against us. "^ Capt. Foy 
proceeded to Boston in the Fowey, and, a little later, returned 
to England.^ 

He accompanied the Brunswick troops from Germany to 
England, and thence to Quebec, where he arrived June ist, 
1776, having gone to Canada as commissary of the troops 
there. 9 His service as commissary was very brief, however, 
as he was appointed deputy adjutant-general to the army in 



Appendix No. 5. 385 

Canada June 3, i 776'°; and, soon after, commissary of musters, 
which latter position he resigned when promoted to adjutant- 
general, June 6, 1777, on Lieut. -Col. Maclean's becoming a 
brigadier." Gen. Burgoyne wished to have Foy join him 
upon his expedition, but Sir Guy Carleton, who had asked to be 
relieved of his command and was preparing to return to 
England, could not then spare his adjutant-general, and so 
wrote Burgoyne August i6th, 1777." 

Capt. Foy felt that the important position of adjutant-general 
should be filled by an officer of higher army rank than he 
held, and as he had failed, though aided by Sir Guy Carleton, 
in securing the desired rank, he resigned the office and accepted 
the position of barrack master general, Oct. 11, 1777. '3 In the 
latter part of that year he visited England for the last time. 
The armed ship Genoa Galley, on which he took passage from 
Quebec, was attacked by an American privateer, but young 
Edward Pellew, then a midshipman, afterwards Lord Exmouth 
and Vice-Admiral of England, who was a fellow passenger, 
assumed command of the crew and beat off the assailant.''* He 
landed at Lyme, in Dorsetshire, Dec. 14, 1777, and arrived at 
London, three days later, with Sir Guy Carleton's dispatches, 
where he had a long interview with his majesty at St. James, 
being introduced by his old friend, the Earl of Dunmore'Sj and 
he sailed from Spithead, in his majesty's ship Montreal, on his 
return, April 28, 1778,'^ arriving at Quebec on the 26th of the 
following June.'' 

Capt. Foy was appointed secretary of the Governor General 
of Canada, July ist, 1778'^; and he died April 27th of the 
next year. '9 The following general order informs us how the 
last sad rites were performed for this officer, whom Gen. 
Haldimand pronounced an ' able and faithful secretary.' 

49 



386 Appendix No. 5. 

"Head Quarters, Quebec, 2^th Aprils ^779- 
Parole^ St. Francis. C. S. Vercheres. 

A Detachment with arms from the Troops in Garrison in the 
following proportions, to attend Capt. Foy's funeral to morrow 
afternoon, and to parade at half an hour after four o'clock. 

Capt. Sub. Sergt. Drum. Privatej. 

Royal Artillery i i i8 

34th Regiment 1 23 2 50 

Anhalt Zerbit i 2 2 32 



Total I. 4. 6. 4. 100. 

All the rest of the officers and soldiers are desired to attend 
at the same hour."^° 

Capt. Foy married Miss Harriet Van Horn'', and she 
accompanied the Baroness Riedesel to Canada in the spring of 
1777, where both ladies went to join their husbands. The 
Baroness, in her Journal, however, gives anything but a 
flattering description of her travelling companion." Mrs. Foy 
returned to England in the October following her husband's 
death'3, and remained a widow until May 2d, 1783, when she 
married Colonel Thomas Carleton ; for a sketch of whom see 
ante, page ig. ['G. U. =C. Z. 208, 212, 214, 222, 224. 
3M. 271. -^I. R. 323. SB. P. 368-370. ^D. U. 335. 7B. Q. 
29, 39. «B. Q. 57. 9K. M. 34, 36, 39. -E. Z. "F. E. 
377. '^F. B. 664. '3F. H. 5 : F. E. 87. '"I. T. 42. 'sh. H. 
590, 598. •«;. M. '7j. N. '8F. E. 100. '9F. H. 102. 
~F. E. 120. '"C. U. 291 note. "K. L, 50-52, 62, 72, 73. 



Appendix No, 6. 387 



NO. 6. 

Lieut.-General John Burgoyne. 

There were two kinsmen named John Burgoyne, in the 
British army, at the beginning of our Revolutionary struggle ; 
one was colonel of the i6th, and the other was lieutenant- 
colonel of the 14th [Light] Dragoons. The latter was a great- 
grandson of Sir John Burgoyne, the third baronet, of Sutton, 
Bedfordshire, through Roger, his eldest son, and eventually 
succeeded to the baronetcy ;" while the former, who is the 
subject of this sketch, was a grandson of the third baronet, 
through John, his second son.' 

John Burgoyne, who surrendered at Saratoga, in 1777, was 
born February 4, 1722-23, and was baptized the next day at 
St, Margaret's Church, Westminster, as the [eldest] son of 
John Burgoyne, by his wife, Anna Maria, daughter of Charles 
Burnestone, of Hackney, in Middlesex.* His father, accord- 
ing to Miss Warburton, a niece of Lady Charlotte Burgoyne, 

a. This officer was born September 1777; the colonel of" the 23d [Light] 
20, 1739, and began his military career Dragoons, then stationed in the East 
May 26, 1759, as a lieutenant in the 7th Indies, September 24, 178 I j and a major- 
Foot, or Royal Fuzileers. He was pro general in the army, November 20, 
moted to be a captain in the 85th Foot, 1782. He married Charlotte, the eldest 
March 4, 1761 ; the major of the 52d daughter of General Johnston, of Over- 
Foot, February 13, 1762; the lieutenant- stone, near Northampton, July 13, 1772; 
colonel of the 58th Foot, December 19, and he succeeded his father as seventh 
1764; the lieutenant-colonel of the 14th baronet in 1781. He died in the East 
Dragoons, July 15, 1773; a major-gene- Indies, in 1785, leaving issue. [B. H : 
ral in the East Indies only. May 9, B. R : V. 158 : IX. 316, 317.] 
J 777 ; a colonel in the army August 29, 



388 Appendix No. 6. 

the general's wife, was at one time a captain in the army, 
and " was one of those many fine gentlemen about town 
who contrive to run through their means, and finish their 
days in the King's Bench. His mother was a co-heiress, 
and brought a good fortune, which, however, her husband 
dissipated ; " and " she was exceedingly beautiful. "3 

The gossip of Burgoyne's own day assigned his paternity to 
Lord Bingley,* and the majority of writers since have adopted 
that version. The Baronetages, however, and Fonblanque, 
Burgoyne's latest biographer, do not question his legitimacy ; 
and the latter scouts the idea " that a piece of idle gossip 
originally traceable to a no higher source than the loose tongue 
of a jealous woman, should have given rise to the belief that 
General Burgoyne was of illegitimate birth." 3 

As, therefore, different views exist in regard to the paternity 
of so prominent a figure in American history as General Bur- 
goyne, the subject is surely important enough for some con- 
sideration. 

There being no question about General Burgoyne's having 
been born in wedlock, it is certain that, in the eye of the law^ 
he was the son of the husband of his mother. 

Let us now consider the other aspect of the case. Miss 
"Warburton, before referred to, says — " It happened that when 
your father " (General Burgoyne) " was christened, Lord 
Bingley was one of the sponsors ; upon which Lady Bingley 

b. Horace Walpole, in writing to the is a natural son of Lord Bingley, who put 

Rev. William Mason, under date of him into the entail of the estate, but 

October 5, 1777, says : " You ask the when young Lane came of age, the en- 

Jiistory of Burgoyne the Pompous. He tail was cut off," etc. [M. P. 494.] 



Appendix No. b. 389 

raised a story to poor Mrs. Burgoyne's disadvantage, which, at 
a late period, in some minds, gained a footing, in consequence 
of Lord Bingley bequeathing your father a handsome legacy as 
his godson/' ^ 

It is only reasonable to infer that, if Lady Bingley started 
such a siory, she probably had some ground for suspicion j and 
it is but natural that she should have taken some, even if not 
a very tender, interest in the supposed illegitimate offspring of a 
man who should have been true to her. It must likewise be 
acknowledged that certain bequests in that nobleman's will give 
some color to the scandal. 

Robert Benson, who had been M. P. for the city of York, 
and commissioner, chancellor, and under treasurer of the ex- 
chequer, was created Baron Bingley, July 21, 1713, and was 
subsequently ambassador to the court of Spain. He died April 
9, 1 73 1, leaving a wife, and one legitimate daughter, named 
Harriet. The title then became extinct for lack of male issue. 
His will dated June 27, 1729, with a codicil dated March 9, 
1729-30, was proved April 13, 1731. After bequeathing his 
house in Queen street, Westminster, to his wife, he left ^7,000 
to trustees for the use of his illegitimate daughter, Mary 
Johnson, then at the boarding school of Elizabeth Lewis, at 
Stoke Newington, Middlesex, who was to take the name of 
Benson after his death, and whom he particularly recommended 
to the protection of his dear daughter Harriet. His next be- 
quest was to Anna Maria, wife of John Burgoyne, of Park 
Prospect, Westminster, Esq., to whom he gave £400 per 
annum, his house in Park Prospect, and his house called 
*' The Nunnery " at Cheshunt, Herts, with all its plate, jewels, 



390 Appendix No. 6. 

and other contents, for her separate use for life, forgiving her 
husband what he owed him. The residue of his estate, except 
small annuities to two or three widows, was to be invested in 
lands in Yorkshire, to the use of his daughter Harriet, and the 
heirs of her body ; with remainder to said Mary Johnson, and 
her heirs male, then to his godson John Burgoyne, son of said 
John and Anna Maria, who, if the estate came to him, was to 
take the name of ' Robert Benson ' j then to his godson Robert, 
son of his cousin Samuel Benson, then to other godsons in suc- 
cession, and finally to his right heirs.' His legitimate daughter 
married, and had a son that took the residuary interest in his 
grandfather's estate, thus cutting off the entails. ^.^ 

The devises to Mrs. Burgoyne and her son, in Lord Bingley's 
will, were certainly very remarkable; and, with their surround- 
ings, were hardly of a character to allay suspicion already aroused. 
So ample a provision for Mrs. Burgoyne, following immediately 
after a generous provision for a daughter, his lordship irankly 
admitted to be illegitimate, and his including Mrs. Burgoyne's 
son in the entail of the residuum of his estate immediately after 
his avowed illegitimate daughter, who in turn directly followed 
his legitimate daughter, and his placing young Burgoyne in the 
entail before other godsons who were Lord Bingley's acknowl- 
edged kinsmen, and one of whom was named after him, all 
raise a suspicion that there must have been some strong, though 
hidden reason for such an unusual disposition of property. If 
it is assumed that John Burgoyne's being Lord Bingley's godson 
was the sole reason for his lordship's partiality to him, then the 
questions naturally arise, why did he prefer him to other godsons 
that were acknowledged kinsmen, and why did such partiality 
extend to the boy's beautiful mother ? The morals of the age 



Appendix No. 6. 391 

were extremely lax, and it was no uncommon thing for men to 
provide for the objects of their illicit affection and the offspring 
of such ; and Burgoyne did the same thing himself. The beau- 
tiful young wife of a dissipated army captain in debt to a liber- 
tine of high rank, might easily enough have become the prey 
of such a creditor of such a husband ; and as Mrs. Burgoyne 
was a wife^ the purpose and object of the provision, if irregular, 
could not be openly avowed. The gossip of the day, however, 
interpreted its meaning. Though, in the eye of the law, young 
Burgoyne was the son of his mother's husband, yet Lord Bing- 
ley's will, coupled with the scandal circulated in his lordship's 
lifetime, at least raises a suspicion in the mind that the question 
of Burgoyne's paternity may belong to that numerous class of 
cases where the mere presumption of law does not alvays cor- 
respond with the grim matter of fact. 

Burgoyne was educated at Westminster, and having entered 
the army at an early age, succeeded to a troop in the 13th 
Dragoons in 1744. While at school he formed an intimacy 
with Lord Strange, the eldest son of the eleventh Earl of Derbv , 
and in this way became acquainted with Lady Charlotte Stanley, 
a sister of Lord Strange ; and about the year 1 743, when his regi- 
ment was quartered at Preston, he eloped with her. Though the 
earl's family at first resented the marriage, they soon became re- 
conciled, and the match proved a happy one. The Earl of Derby 
allowed his daughter .£300 a year during her life, and at his death 
left her a legacy of £25,000.* As Burgoyne had no fortune, and 
his pay was inadequate for the support of a wife even with her 
father's allowance, he retired from the army in 1747, and took 
up his abode on the continent for the space of seven years. 
His reinstatement in the army, which, Fonblanque says, was " a 



392 Appendix No. 6. 

rare, if not an unprecedented step," was doubtless " due to the 
interest of the Derby family, who in common with two or three 
other great Whig houses, exercised an all powerful influence in 
the state iiiuler the hrst two (icorges." 

Burgoyne was commissioned as captain in tlie i ith Dr.igoons, 
June 14, 1756 ; served under tlie Duke of Marlborough in the 
attack upon Cherbourg in 175S; and, later in the same year, 
was present at the unfortunate attack on St. Malo. On his 
return to England he was appointed captain-lieutenant in the 
Coldstream, or 2d Foot Guards, which gave him the army rank 
of lieut. -colonel, his commission hearing date May 10, 1758. 
In the next year, when George the Second deterniined to raise 
two regiments of light horse, Burgoyne was selected for the 
formation, and promoted to the command of the i6th Dragoons, 
as lieut. -colonel commandant, under date of Aug. 4, 1759.' 
The king gave him repeated proofs of his approbation, and 
George the Third, after his accession, used to take particular 
pleasure in reviewing *' Burgoyne's Light Horse," as the corps 
was commonly called. He was present at both attacks on 
Belle Isle in 1761, and returned home in the latter part of that 
year. 3 

He was elected to represent the borough of Midhurst in 
the Twelfth Parliament, the first session of which began Nov. 
25, 1762 ; and he represented that borough until the dissolu- 
tion ot that parlian\ent, March 12, 1768, when he was elected 
for Preston, which constituency he uninterruptedly represented 
until his death. ^ 

Early in 1762 England declared war against Spain, and soon 
after that event Burgoyne's regiment received orders to hold 



Appendix No, 6. -593 

itself in readiness for foreign service. Burgoyne 'embarked 
for the Tagus, with his h'ght horse, early in May, with the 
local rank of brigadier-general, and, on his arrival in Portugal, 
he was placed in co'iimaiu' of a brig;<de of 3,000 men, nearly 
two-thirds of whom were Portuguese, requiring much discipline 
to bring them up to anything like a soldierly standard. August 
27th of that year, he gained great credit for himself by making 
a brilliant dash into Valcntia d'Alcantara with his light horse, 
after a forced night march, and capturing the town, together 
with a Spanish major-general, several officers of less rank, a 
number of prisoners, three stands of col')rs, and a large quan- 
tity of arms. This exploit gave him great eclat at home and 
abroad, and the Po-^tuguese king showed his appreciation of it 
by presenting him with a diamond ring. The war ended early 
in 1763, and, toward the end of thar vear, Burgoyne embarked 
with his regiment for England, whither his reD'jtarion as a dash- 
ing soldier had preceded him, 3 

He became a colonel in the army Oct. 8, 1762, and the 
colonel of the i6th Dragoons March 18, 1763, his regiment 
soon after being designated as " the Queen's " Light Dragoons,' 

During the long period of tranquility that intervened between 
the peace of Paris and the beginning of the American Revolu- 
tion, there was no opportunity for winning laurels, so Burgoyne 
applied himself to parliamentary duties and professional studies, 
using his pen in the direction of the latter. Fonblanque draws 
this flattering picture of him at this time : — *' In 1768 the king 
conferred another mark of favour on Burgoyne, by appointing 
him to the government of Fort William, North Britain, an 
honourable and lucrative post then rarely held by an officer under 
50 



394- Appendix No, 6. 

the rank of general, and which, together with the emoluments 
of his other military appointments and the fortune to which 
his wife had about this time succeeded, afforded him the means 
of indulging his refined tastes and his love of society, not only 
of the fashionable and the gay by whom he was feted, but of 
all who were eminent in literature and art, and among whom 
he was equally welcomed. 

"With a handsome person, a, manner the charm of which 
I either man nor woman could, it was said, easily resist, a genial 
kindly nature which drew all hearts towards him, a ready wit, 
a cultivated mind, and the prestige derived from his reputation 
as a soldier, a speaker, and a poet — many a man more highly 
favoured by fortune, might have envied Burgoyne his position. 

" He was a favourite at court. The Derby family, who 
liad at one time resented his alliance with a member of their 
house, had learnt to love him, and vied in showing him kind- 
ness and in advancing his interests ; high military authorities 
consulted him ; eminent politicians courted his support, and 
liteiary men were pleased to call him one of themselves. 

" Burgoyne's youth had not been free from cares and 
anxiety ; his later years were darkened by a great sorrow \ 
but at this period he basked in the full sunshine of life. Happy 
in his home, universally popular in society, successful in liis 
profession, rising into prominence in Parliament, all surround- 
ing circumstances justified him in indulging in the hope of 
eminence in public life and of gratified ambition in time to 
come." 

Burgoyne took an active part in parliament at this period, 
especially in matters pertaining to India. 9 He had incurred the 



Appendix No, 6. 395 

displeasure of Junius, and hence obtained a place in that famous 
writer's letters. '° He became a major-general in the army May 
25, 1 772,' and he was now awaiting an opportunity to distin- 
guish himself further in his chosen profession, of which he was 
enthusiastically fond. 

When it was determined to send reinforcements to America, 
in the spring of 1775, before actual hostilities had commenced, 
Burgoyne, Clinton and Howe were the three generals selected 
tor service there. They accordingly embarked in the Cer- 
berus frigate, of 28 guns, April 20, 1775, and arrived at 
Boston on the 25th of the following May." Burgoyne, from 
the heights in Boston, witnessed the disastrous affair of the 
British at Bunker Hill, but bore no active part in it. Much 
has been written of the faultiness of the British plan of attack 
in tliat action. It would seem from Gen. Burgoyne's letter to 
his wife's nephew, Lord Stanley, dated Boston, June 25, 1775, 
that the plan was approved, if not advised, by Burgoyne, in con- 
sultation with the other British generals then in Boston. That 
letter can be found in tlie American Archives, 4th aeries, vol. 
2, 1094. After spending the summer and most of the autumn 
in America, Burgovne returned to England in November, for 
the winter. 

Jan. 1st, 1776, he was appointed a lieut. -general in America 
only, 7 and, on the 31st of March following, he, with Gen. 
Phillips and a number of other officers, embarked on the Blonde 
frigate, for Quebec, whither he sailed four days later, accom- 
panied by a fleet of transports having large reinforcements on 
board for Gen. Carleton." Burgoyne took part in the opera- 
tions of that year for expelling the Americans from Canada, and 



396 Appendix No, 6. 

re-embarked, Nov. 9th, in the man of war Isis for England. ^3 
During his absence this year Lady Charlotte Burgoyne died, 
for she was languishing of a decline when he sailed for Amer- 
ica, and her death occurred at Kensington Palace, June 7.** 
By her Burgoyne had one child, a daughter, named Charlotte 
Elizabeth, who died March 7, 1764, in the tenth year of 
her age. '5 

Burgoyne was received with great favor at court, and the 
newspapers of the time contain many indications of the royal 
partiality for him, in such notices as the following, taken from 
the London Chronicle of Jan. 7-9, 1777 : — " Yesterday morn- 
ing his Majesty took an airing on horseback in Hyde-park up- 
wards of an hour, attended by Gen. Burgoyne." 

It was determined that this officer should command the 
famous northern expedition of 1777 ; and, April 3d, he accord- 
ingly embarked on the Apollo frigate for America, with his 
two aids-de-camp, and arrived at Quebec, May 6th.'* The 
prestige of Gen. Burgoyne at the opening of this campaign, is 
well illustrated by a passage from the London Chronicle of 
April 15-17, 1777- Says that paper, — " We hear that Gen, 
Burgoyne, before his departure, was offered a red ribbon (Knight 
of the Bath) but could not be prevailed with to accept it, before 
his conduct was favoured with the approbation of his country ; 
that if he proved successful, he had no objection to any mark 
vof distinction his Prince pleased to honour him with ; but to 
receive unmerited honours he considered a reproach, and would 
prove a disagreeable monitor of his undeservmg." 

That paper, a year later, gives this remarkable incident in its 
issue of May 26—28, 1778: — "Before Mr. Burgoyne went out 



Appe?7dix No. 6. 397 

to take upon him the command of the Northern army, he had 
the most sanguine expectation of being the chief instrument of 
subduing the rebels; insomuch that, in a conversation with 
some gentlemen at Arthur's, he said he hoped to bring Amer- 
ica to a proper sense of duty before he returned. Mr. Fox 
being present, made the following prophetic observation : ' Bur- 
goyne, be not over sanguine in your expectations ; I believe 
when next you return to England you will be a prisoner on 
your parole.' " 

It is not proposed to give the details of Burgoyrve's campaign 
here. Hadden has done that, and, in the Editor's Explanatory 
Chapter, some considerations of the causes of Burgoyne's failure 
have been presented. Neither are we going at length into the 
much mooted point whether Burgoyne so far violated the pro- 
visions of the convention at Saratoga as to justify congress in 
detaining him and his army prisoners of war; but it is difficult 
to see how the British general could reconcile some of his 
conduct with a high sense of honor, or a sound, healthy con- 
science. Soon after the conclusion of the convention much 
inquiry arose as to what had become of Burgoyne's ordnance 
and public property ; and, on the 19th of November, Congress 
ordered that Gen. Gates' return of ordnance, etc., taken from 
the enemy, be referred to a committee ; which committee, three 
davs subsequently, reported, — >' That there is no mention, in the 
said return, of standards, military chest, medicine or tents." * * 
Whereupon Congress " Resolved, That the president imme- 
diately send an express to Gen. Gates, and desire answers to 
the following questions, viz. 

" What is become of the standards belonging to the respective 
regiments in Gen. Burgoyne's army ? * * * 



398 Appendix No, 6. 

" Was there any destruction, waste, removal or conceal- 
ment of the arms, tents, colours, treasure or other military 
stores, belonging to Gen. Burgoyne's army, from the time the 
first proposal was made, on the 13th of October, to the time 
of the surrender ?" '^ 

Gen. Gates, in his letter to the President of Congress, dated 
Dec. 3d, in reply to the above resolutions, among other things, 
wrote : — 

" Respecting the standards, General Burgoyne declared 
upon his honor, that the colors of the regiments were left in 
Canada.'"8 

Max Von Eelking, in his Memoirs, Journal and Letters of 
Riedesel, vol. i, p. 187, relates how the German general col- 
lected his troops together on the 17th of October, 1777, when 
the convention was completed, and informed them of their fate. 
Then the biographer, on page 188, proceeds as follows : — 
" General Riedesel's next care was to save the colors. He, 
therefore, had them taken down from the flag staffs, and gave 
them to his wife, who had them sewed up by a faithful soldier 
who was a tailor. Henceforth he slept upon them and fortu- 
nately saved them." On page 28, of vol. 2, of the same work, 
the writer says, — " Captain O'Connell " [of Gen. Riedesel's 
stafF] "asked permission of Riedesel to return to Europe and 
arrange some pressing family affairs. * * * j^, o^^ middle 
of June," 1778, "he received permission from congress to 
return to Europe on parole. Riedesel took this opportunity to 
send by him his dispatches to his court, also the flags which he 
had saved. These flags the captain left in Rhode Island. 
They were afterwards carried to Canada by Lieutenant-Colonel 



Appendix No. 6. 399 

Specht." Lieut. -Col. Speth, of the Regiment Riedesel, is un- 
doubtedly meant, as there was no Lieut. -Col. Specht ; Colonel 
Specht, of the Regiment Specht, usually being spoken of as gene- 
ral, as he was a brigadier, and never as lieut. -colonel, as he was 
a full colonel. Madame Riedesel, in her Letters and Journals, 
p. 143, tells the story of the concealment of the German flags 
in this wise — " We lived," she writes, " very happily and con- 
tented in Cambridge, and were, therefore, well pleased at the 
idea of remaining there during the captivity of our troops. As 
winter approached, however, we were ordered to Virginia. 
Now I was forced to consider how I should safely carry the 
colors of our German regiments still further, as we had made 
the Americans at Saratoga believe that they were burnt up — a cir- 
cumstance which they at first took in bad part, though, after- 
wards, they tacitly overlooked it. But it was only the staves 
that had been burned, the colors having been thus far concealed. 
Now, my husband confided to me this secret, and entrusted me 
with their still further concealment. I, therefore, shut myself in 
with a right honorable tailor, who helped me make a mattress 
in which we sewed every one of them. Captain O'Connell, 
under pretense of some errand, was sent to New York, and 
passed the mattress off as his bed. He sent it to Halifax, where 
we again found it on our passage from New York to Canada, 
and where — in order to ward off all suspicion^in case our ship 
should be taken — I transferred it into my cabin, and slept, 
during the whole o{ the remaining voyage to Canada, upon 
these honorable badges." There seems to be a little confusion 
of time between Madame Riedesel's statementjand that of her 
husband's biographer, as Cape. O'Connell returned to Europe 
in June, 1778, embarking from New York ; while the con- 



4-00 Appendix No. 6. 

vention troops did not go to Virginia until late in the autumn of 
that year. The exact date, however, is not important, as both 
agree as to the main facts of the concealment and clandestine 
removal of the German flags. General Burgoyne's statement 
to the contrary, notwithstanding, it is clear that the German 
colors were not left in Canada. 

How was it with the English flags .? Gen, Burgoyne 
himself says, on page xvi of the Appendix to the State of 
the Expedition, in reference to the retreat of the Americans 
from Ticonderoga and the British advance under Gen. 
Eraser, — " This movement was very discernible, as were 
the British colours, which the Brigadier had fixed upon 
the fort of Ticonderoga." Had the British flags been 
left in Canada as stated by Burgoyne after his surrender, how 
could they have been at Ticonderoga ? If it be said.hoA^everjthat 
these need not necessarily have been the regimental flags, and 
hence Burgoyne's statement is not conclusive proof of their 
presence, let us examine a little further. In the " Historical 
Record of The Ninth, or The East-Norfolk Regiment of Foot, 
containing an Account of the formation of the regiment in 1685, 
and of its subsequent services, compiled by Richard Cannon, 
Esq., Adjutant General's Oflice, Horse Guards, London, 1 848," 
published under General Orders from the British Army Head- 
quarters, dated Jan. ist, 1836, and '' By Command of his late 
Majesty, William the IVth, and under the patronage of her 
Majesty, the Queen," these sentences in regard to the Saratoga 
affair, occur : — "Lieut. -Colonel Hill of the Ninth, being anxious 
to preserve the colours of the regiment, took them off the 
staves, and concealed them in his baggage, which he was per- 



Appendix No, 6. 401 

mitted to retain. The American government violated the con- 
ditions of the convention, and detained the troops until 1781, 
when the Ninth proceeded to England, and Lieut, -Colonel Hill 
producing the colours presented them to King George III, who 
rewarded his faithful services with the appointment of aide de 
camp to His Majesty, and the rank of colonel in the army." It 
matters not whether Wilkinson was correct, in writing of 
the convention thirty-five years afterwards, and after he had 
quarrelled with, and twice challenged, and once fought a duel 
with Gen. Gates," where he says, — '' Burgoyne made his own 
convention, and saved his accoutrements, military chest and 
colors, all of which were retained, notwithstanding Gen. Gates's 
letter to Congress, * * which was unworthy of a soldier." '9 
The truth, even, of Wilkinson's statement, does not help Bur- 
goyne's veracity. But Wilkinson's assertion that the colors 
were not included in the convention, is incompatible with 
Madame Riedesei's statement that " we had made the Ameri- 
cans at Saratoga believe that they were burnt up — a circum- 
stance which they at first took in bad part ;" and is also in 
striking contrast with the British and German officers' belief 
on that subject as indicated by their studious concealment of 
the flags, and by Burgoyne's denial that they were with the 
army at all. Had Burgoyne's officers believed that their colors 

c. For correspondence between Colo- Wilkinson tells us about in his Memoirs, 

nel, afterwards General Kosciusko. Gen. vol. i, page 388, where he challenged 

Gates' second, and John Carter, Gen. Gates Feb. 23, 1778; as then, the duel 

Wilkinson's second, in tiie duel fought did not take place. Surely the word of 

by Gates and Wilkinson on Friday ^fter- a man who has twice challenged, and 

noon, Sept. 4, 1778, copied from the once fought another, can possess but 

New Tork Packer, see the Boston Evening little weight in regard to that other 

Post and General Adi/ertiser for Oct. 17, person; and Wilkinson's word, as shown 

1778. The duel above referred to, is an by his Memoirs, is, at best, entitled ta 

entirely different affair from the one none too much weight. 

51 



402 Appendix No. 6. 

were not embraced in the terms of the convention, they would 
have flung them to the breeze and proudly marched out under 
them, as an indication of how much of their honor they had 
preserved, especially when they supposed that they were about 
to embark for England ; for soldiers lay down their lives for 
their flags, the loss, surrender, or concealment of which, save 
in rare instances, is synonymous with defeat and humiliation. 
Wilkinson's statement in this respect, as likewise in many others, 
it seems to us, is utterly unreliable. 

It is not surprising, perhaps, that British writers assert that 
the Americans shamefully,and without cause, broke the Saratoga 
convention. It is to be regretted, however, that some Amer- 
ican writers have joined in such attacks on the national honor 
without having first duly weighed all the considerations bearing 
on the question, among which is this standard business. Had 
proof of Gen. Riedesel's dealing with the German colors, and 
the authorized statement of Lieut. -Col. Hill's concealment of 
the colors of the 9th Regiment, been made in 1777, much 
clamor would have been saved, and many letters like the follow- 
ing, sent from New York, then in possession of the British, 
dated Jan. 29, 1778, and printed in the London Chronicle of 
March 14-17, 1778, would never have been written. " Among 
other detestable pretexts," says the letter, " fabricated by the 
rebels to justify the detention of Lieut. -Gen. Burgoyne and 
the troops under his command, the equivocal, revolted Yankees 
pretend a discovery of several stands ot colours, belonging to 
British regiments, secreted by him, which they think a violation 
of the treaty concluded between him and Gen. Gates. By 
such assertions, which have no foundation in truth, they mask 
their perfidy." 



Appendix No, 6. 



403 



Burgoyne was certainly very zealous for the comfort of his 
men after the surrender, and his prosecution of the American 
Colonel Henley, before a court martial, for alleged cruelty and 
oppression, shows his earnestness in that behalf. 

Early in 1778, Burgoyne obtained permission to return to 
England on his parole, basing his application on the plea of ill 
health** and a desire to vindicate himself from blame on account 
of his surrender. He embarked at Newport, Rhode Island, on 
the Grampus sloop of war," and landed at Portsmouth, England, 
May 13, 1778. How different the return, from the setting out ! 
No ardent volunteers thirsting for fame, accompanied him now.'° 
No rumors of real or imaginary red ribbons being conferred 
upon him. now filled the air. No newspapers now chronicled 
any royal favors being bestowed upon him — not even a solitary 
morning airing with his majesty, — but on the contrary, they 
announced that the kino; refused even to o-ive him an audience. 



d. Gen. Glover, the American officer 
in charge of Burgoyne and his tioops on 
the march from Saratoga, to Cambridge 
after the surrender, wrote to Gen. 
Gates from Marblchead, Nov. i6, 1776, 
as follows : — '"After a troublesome journey 
of I 3 days (some part of which time was 
very stormy — this with the badness of 
the roads was almost too much for Gen'l 
Burgoync's shatter'd constitution) we ar- 
rived safe in Canbridge. fD. R.] 

c. Fonblanque, page 333, says : — "Bur- 
goyne embarked at Rhode Island in the 
Juno frigate, Captain Hew Dalrymple, in 
the middle of April," etc. On the other 
hand, however, ' A Diary of the Revo- 
lution kept at Newport,' in 1778, says — 
" April 7. Arrived a flag from Providence 
with Gen. Burgoyne and two provincial 
officers who arc in town 

"April 14. Sailed Gen. Burgoyne on 



board the Grampus, in company with a 
fleet for England." ' The London Chron- 
icle for May 12-14, I778» vol. 43, page 
464, in a news-letter from Portsmouth, 
dated May 13, says: — " This morning 
arrived the Grampus sloop of war from 
Rhode Island, from which ship Gen. 
Burgoyne landed about twelve o'clock." 
See also The Remembrancer for 1 778, 
vol. 6, 207. 

The ship that first bore Burgoyne to 
America in 1775, ^"'^ '^^ *'^'P ''^^^ '•'^•^ 
took him away from there, in 1778, both 
came to disastrous ends during the Amer- 
ican Revolution. The Cerberus was burnt 
by the British to prevent its falling into 
the hands of the enemy ; and the Gram- 
pus, a worn out 70 gun ship which had 
been cut down to 26 guns, and subse- 
quently turned into a storeship, foundered 
at Newfoundland. » ['F. W. 38. 'H. 
M. 251.] 



404 Appendix No. 6. 

When he clamored for investigation, all sorts of subterfuges 
were resorted to for denying him justice ; and it was even at- 
tempted to stifle his voice in the House of Commons, on the 
plea that, as a paroled prisoner, he could not occupy his seat in 
parliament. Fox's prophetic saying had, indeed, been verified; 
and the prisoner on parole now found how hollow were official 
professions of friendship. If the government, however, turned 
the cold shoulder to him, the opposition now took him up, and 
his sturdy advocacy of his own cause at last obtained for him a 
hearing, and a practical vindication. In 1780 was published 
" A State of the Expedition from Canada, as laid before the 
House of Commons by Lieutenant-General Burgoyne, and 
verified by evidence ; with a collection of authentic documents, 
and an addition of many circumstances which were prevented 
from appearing before the House by the prorogation of Parlia- 
ment. Written and collected by himself, and dedicated to the 
officers of the army he commanded." 

Though Burgoyne, on his return to England, ceased to hold high 
military command, he at once assumed prominent political import- 
ance. He boldly and pertinaciously demanded an investigation 
and a court martial. He did not hesitate to assail the ministry and 
to charge his defeat as a sacrifice to their incompetency. He 
ever assumed the part of injured innocence j and the opposition, 
many ot the people, and, indeed, some of the parliamentary 
friends of the ministry, regarded him as a victim of unjust per- 
secution. Many of our American writers, with an inflation of 
language that may be denominated spread eagle grandiloquence, 
have incorrectly assumed that our national independence was 
solely due to the bravery and devotion of our revolutionary 
ancestors. Without detracting at all from their self sacrificing 



Appendix No. 6. 405 

patriotism, such a view would seem to be very far from the 
truth, for we owe our nationality quite as much to the 
wretched incompetency of Britian's ministers, as to the unflmch- 
ing valor of our revolutionary patriots. It was one of this class 
of ministers that thought it necessary to hound Burgoyne mto 
well nigh military martyrdom, to conceal his own miserable 
short-comings. Lord George Sackville, whose name was after- 
wards changed to Germaine, the British Secretary of State for 
War during the earlier years of our struggle for independence, 
has almost as strong claims upon our gratitude (though not upon 
our hearts), for what he stupidly failed to do, as have some 
of our staunchest patriots for what they actually accomplished. 
He commanded the British horse at the famous battle of 
Minden,in 1759, where he .acted the craven and disobeyed 
Prince Ferdinand's order to charge the enemy at a critical 
moment, for which George II summarily dismissed him from 
all his offices. The sentence of the court martial, to which he 
appealed, was, that he be cashiered ; though the influence of the 
house of Dorset, to which he belonged, mitigated the sentence, 
so that he was " declared incapacitated from military employ- 
ment," and not, as usually expressed, from any employment 
under the crown, civil or military. By this saving clause a 
man ignominiously incapable of drawing his sword in his 
country's behalf, could, to the disgrace of a great nation, serve 
as her war minister. No greater solecism could have been 
committed; and one can easily understand how any blunder 
could have been perpetrated by such a minister, even to neglect- 
ing to send dispatches, the most important, like those to Howe, 
commanding him to co-operate with Burgoyne.3 At last, after 
a protracted correspondence with the government, Burgoyne, 



4o6 Appendix No, 6. 

to use his own words, felt himself " compelled to lay at his 
Majesty's feet the appointment to the American staff, the 
Queen's Regiment of Light Dragoons, and the government of 
Fort William, the services of more than thirty years, and the 
reward with which I acknowledged them to have been over- 
paid by his Majesty and his Royal grandfather. The only com- 
mission I still humbly request his Majesty's permission to re- 
serve is that of Lieutenant-General in the army for the purpose 
of being amenable to a court martial, and of properly fulfilling 
my parole to Congress."^' His resignation was accepted Oct. 
15, 1779, and in a speech in the House of Commons, Dec. 17, 
1781, Burgoyne said, *' it was rather singular, that of all officers 
of the convention army he was, at present, the only one who 
remained unexchanged ; not even a surgeon's mate of that 
army was now a prisoner ; to be still one, was reserved only for 
the general of that army. The prisoners at the Cedars had sur- 
rendered under a capitulation, which the Congress had constantly 
refused to sign, though he would not say that this refusal was 
founded in justice. To offer these men, therefore, in exchange 
for him, was offering nothing, because Congress would not 
listen to any proposal about them. The order from Congress 
for him to return to America, had been long known to him ; 
but if he had not spoken of it before, it was because he would 
have preferred death in a dungeon in America, to any favour 
that he should be obliged to solicit from Ministry ; for when 
they would not do him justice, he could not have expected 
favours." Lord George Germaine replied " that when he had 
said that the Hon. General had been released, he thought 
he had been speaking on very good grounds, for in a letter from 
Sir Henry Clinton he had been informed that a proper number 



Appendix No. 6. 4.07 

of men had been offered for the General's release ; and among 
others, the Cedars prisoners ; and that he made no doubt but 
Congress would accede to his proposal ; and therefore he took 
it for granted that by this time the General was released. As 
to the Cedars prisoners, he really did not remember to have heard 
of them before as offered to exchange for the Hon. Lieuten- 
ant General." " Whether Lord George Germaine was entirely 
frank in his remarks, and especially as to the prisoners taken at 
the Cedars, is not free from doubt. Holding such views as 
Burgoyne did in regard to his exchange, it must have been as 
welcome to him, coming as it did at last, as it was probably 
unwelcome to the government. 

Though the exact date of Burgoyne's exchange has not bean 
ascertained, yet at the time of making the speech just alluded 
to, it had unquestionably taken place as Lord George Germaine 
supposed. As two movements for the exchange of Burgoyne 
were on foot at the same time and have been confused together, 
mention of both becomes necessary. 

Henry Laurens of South Carolina, formerly president of Con- 
gress, was captured in October, 1 780, when on his way to 
Europe as minister to the Netherlands. " Among his papers," 
when captured, says Bancroft, '* was found the unauthorized 
project for a treaty, concerted as we have seen between Neuf- 
ville and William Lee. To Lord Stormont the ' transaction 
appeared to be the act of individuals,' and the Earl of Hills- 
borough owned ' that the states-general had no knowledge of 
the treaty, which had never been signed except by private 
persons.' But the resolution was instantly taken to use the 
Laurens papers so as to 'give the properest direction to the 



4o8 Appendix No. 6. 

war.' After an examination at the admiralty before the three 
secretaries of state, Laurens was escorted through the streets 
of London by a large guard, and confined as a state's prisoner 
in the tower, where he was debarred from all intercourse, and 
from the use of pen and paper, so as to produce upon the public 
mind a strange and startling sensation." ^3 

April 5th, 1 78 1, the president of Congress wrote to Gen. 
Washington as follows : — " I have the honor of transmitting to 
your Excellency the enclosed resolve of the 3d instant, direct- 
ing the recall of Lieutenant-General Burgoyne, and all other 
officers, prisoners of war, now absent on their paroles from 
America, to return immediately. 

" It is proper to inform your Excellency, that this resolution 
is adopted in consequence of information, that the late Presi- 
dent Laurens is confined in the Tower of London, as a state 
criminal, under pretext of his being guilty of treasonable prac- 
tices. Should this resolution embarrass or impede any measures 
your Excellency may have adopted relative or preparatory to a 
general exchange of prisoners, it is taken for granted that you 
will please to represent the same to Congress, previously to any 
proceedings for carrying the resolve into execution." Wash- 
ington sent this reply to the president of Congress. 

" New Windsor, 16 Jpril^ 1781. 
" Sir. Previous to the receipt of your letter, I had directed 
the commissary of prisoners to renew a proposal, which was 
sometime since made to the enemy, for exchanging General 
Burgoyne, and a balance of private prisoners due to us, for 
the residue of our officers on Long Island^ and as many of 



Appendix No, 6. 4.09 

the southern officers as would make up the difference. My 
motives for this proposal were these. General Burgoyne is 
said to be in ill health ; his death would deprive us in exchanges 
of the value of one thousand and forty private men, or officers 
equivalent, according to the tariff which has been settled. I 
thought it advisable not to risk so considerable a loss, when his 
exchange would give relief to a number of our officers in cap- 
tivity, and disembarrass the public of the inconvenience of 
maintaining them there. 

" The moment I received your letter I wrote to Mr. Skinner," 
(the commissary general of prisoners) "countermanding his in- 
structions. I believe the countermand will arrive before he has 
done anything in the matter ; but if it does not, I am persuaded 
the enemy will again reject the proposal. As soon as I hear 
from him, if things are situated as I expect, I will execute 
immediately the order for the recall of General Burgoyne. To 
the best of my recollection, all the officers in Europe on 
parole have been exchanged. I have the honor to be, &c." '* 

Notice of the above requisition of Congress was accordingly 
sent to Sir Henry Clinton with the request that the necessary 
steps might be taken for a speedy compliance with it ; but 
Washington's letter wrought a change in the views of Congress, 
hence, on April 23d, it rescinded its former vote ; and General 
Clinton was then requested to countermand the order if it had 
already been transmitted to England. "* 

Congress, and especially Laurens' brother Carolinians, were 

desirous of effecting the release of their late president, and on 

June 14, 1 78 1, that body voted, by 26 to 6, on motion of Mr. 

Matthews of South Carolina, seconded by Mr. Sharpe of North 

52 



410 ylppe?7dix No, 6. 

Carolina, " That the minister plenipotentiary of these United 
States at the court of Versailles, be authorized and empowered 
to offer lieutenant-general Buigoyne in exchange for the hon. 
Henry Laurens." 's 

In August, 1781, Edmund Burke wrote from London to 
Dr. Franklin in France, as follows: ''I have lately been in- 
formed with great certainty, and with no less surprise, that the 
congress have made an application for the return of my friend 
General Burgoyne to captivity in America, at a time when the 
exchange of almost all the rest of the convention officers has 
been completed. It is true that this requisition has been for 
the present withdrawn : but then it may be renewed at every 
instant ; and no arrangement has been made or proposed, which 
may prevent a thing, on all accounts so very disagreeable, as 
to see the most opposite interests conspiring in the persecution 
of a man, formed, by the unparalleled candour and moderation 
of his mind, to unite the most discordant parties in his favour. 

" I own this proceeding of the congress fills me with aston- 
ishment. I am persuaded that some unusually artful manage- 
ment, or very unexampled delusion, has operated to produce an 
effect which cannot be accounted for on any of the ordinary 
principles of nature or of policy. 

" I shall not enter into the particulars of the convention 
under which this claim is made, nor into the construction of it, 
nor the execution. I am not, perhaps, capable of doing justice 
to the merits of the cause ; and if I were, I am not disposed to 
put them upon any ground of argument, because (whatever 
others might and possibly ought to do) I am not pleading a 



Appendix No, 6. 4.11 

point of strict right, but appealing to your known principles of 
honour and generosity, with the freedom and privileges of an 
old friendship; and as I suppose you perfectly acquainted with 
the whole history of the extraordinary treatment General Bur- 
goyne has met with, I am resolved not to show so much dis- 
trust in so sound a memory and so good a judgment as yours, as 
to attempt to refresh the one or to lead the other. 

"I am ready to admit that General Burgoyne has been, and 
(as far as what is left him will suffer) is a very affectionate and 
a very jealous servant of the crown ; and that in America he 
acted as an officer of the king (so long as fortune favoured him) 
with great abilities, and distinguished fidelity, activity, and 
spirit. You, my dear sir, who have made such astonishing 
exertions in the cause which you espouse, and are so deeply 
read in human nature and in human morals, know better 
than anybody, that men will and that sometimes they are bound 
to take, very different views and measures of their duty from 
local and from professional situation; and that we may all have 
equal merit in extremely different lines of conduct. You know 
that others may deserve the whole of your admiration in a 
cause, in which your judgment leads you to oppose them. 
But whatever may be your opinions on the origin of this fatal 
war, I assure you, General Burgoyne has the merit of never 
having driven it on with violence, or fostered or kept it alive by 
any evil arts, or aggravated its natural mischiefs by unnecessary 
rigour ; but has behaved on all occasions with that temper 
which becomes a threat military character, which loves nothing 
so well in the profession, as the means it so frequently fur- 
nishes of splendid acts of generosity and humanity. 



4-12 Appendix No. 6. 

" You have heard of the sacrifices he has made to his nice 
sense of honour, on this side of the water; — sacrifices far 
beyond the just demands of the principle to which they were 
made. This has been no advantage to the country where he 
was piqued to it. Shall America, too, call for sacrifices that 
are still more severe, and of full as little advantage to those who 
demand them ?""^ 



Franklin sent Burke this reply. 

" Passy, 15 October^ 1781. 
*' Sir, I received but a (&w days ago your very friendly 
letter of August last, on the subject of General Burgoyne. 

" Since the foolish part of mankind will make wars from 
time to time, with each other, not having sense enough other- 
wise to settle their differences, it certainly becomes the wiser 
part, who cannot prevent these wars, to alleviate as much as 
possible the calamities attending them. Mr. Burke always stood 
high in my esteem ; but his affectionate concern for his friend 
renders him still more aimiable, and makes the honor he does 
me of admitting me of the number, still more precious. 

" I do not think the Congress have any wish to persecute 
General Burgoyne. I never heard, till I received your letter, 
that they had recalled him ; if they have made such a resolu- 
tion, it must be, I suppose, a conditional one, to take place in 
case their offer of exchanging him for Mr. Laurens should not 
be accepted; a resolution intended merely to enforce that offer. 

"I have just received an authentic copy of the resolve con- 
taining that offer ; and authorizing me to make it. As I have 
no communication with your ministers, I send it enclosed to 



Appendix No. 6. 413 

you. If you can find any means of negotiating this business, 

I am sure the restoring another worthy man to his family and 

friends will be an addition to your pleasure. With great and 

invariable respect and affection, I am, Sir, your most obedient 

and most humble servant. 

B. P'ranklin."»7 

The ignorance of Congress of the feelings the British ministry 
entertained towards Burgoyne as exhibited by offering him in 
exchange for Laurens, is clearly shown by the following ex- 
tracts from two of Edmund Burke's letters to Mons. Bour- 
dieu, written in Dec, 1781. "I confess," wrote Burke, "I 
was extremely surprised at the proposal of that specific ex- 
change by congress, as a means of obtaining the release of Mr. 
Laurens. Had I attempted to act on that plan, before the 
late event in America," (the surrender of Lord Cornwallis), 
" I should infallibly have double-locked the gates of the Tower 
on that gentleman. The ministers have long wished with as 
much earnestness to send General Burgoyne into captivity, as 
the congress could desire to free their late worthy president 
from his present restraint ; and they would have the more 
obstinately persevered in their strictness with regard to him, in 
order to double their triumph, by making congress itself their 
instrument in imprisoning the man they meant to free, and con- 
fininf^ the man these ministers meant to confine. I suppose 
Mr. Laurens knows that the ministers had ordered General 
Burgoyne into captivity previously to any requisition whatso- 
ever ; and that General Burgoyne, from a sense of that un- 
paralleled indignity, had thrown up all his valuable military 
employments."'^ Again Burke wrote a fortnight later: — 
" On the whole of this transaction as it stands, I am obliged to 



414- Appendix No. 6. 

suppose that a negative is put upon the exchange, and that 1 
am charged and defied to produce any instance of ill-treatment 
which Mr. Laurens has received. Notwithstanding the change 
in the circumstances of public affairs, ministers seem to me to 
adhere, with as much obstinacy as ever, to their betraying and 
ruining those who have had the indiscretion or the misfortune of 
acting under them, and who are not willing to sacrifice their 
honour, by bearing with a degenerate patience the blame of their 
mismanagements. Their unwillingness to consent to this ex- 
change, I must fairly say, does not arise from any particular 
animosity to Mr. Laurens, whom, (since they despair of an- 
swering any purpose in their politics, by making him an object 
of judicial proceeding,) they do not wish, I believe, any longer 
to persecute. There are two causes for it, as I apprehended, — 
the first, their implacable enmity to General Burgoyne, for his 
having discountenanced the delusions by which they proposed 
to carry on the American war, the principal of which consisted 
in the representation of the numbers and zeal of those who ad- 
hered to the royal cause, in opposition to the republican 
governments which have been newly set up, and the smallness 
of the numbers and pusillanimity of character of those who 
supported those governments. General Burgoyne, in the inquiry 
to which he forced them to submit in the House of Commons, 
has done more than anybody towards detecting these im~ 
postures, among all those who have not been paid for still pre- 
tending a belief in them. The next, is in the desire of keeping 
open this exchange in favour of some general officer, who may 
choose to merit their countenance and protection by a prudent 
silence upon those delicate topics. This is the true spirit of the 
transaction so far as it relates to General Burgoyne."''^* 



Appendix No. 6. 4.15 

In acknowledging Franklin's letter of Oct. 15th, in the latter 
part of December, 1 781, Burke used this language ; — '' I am to 
tell you then, that I was honoured with yours of the 15th of 
October ; but it did not come to my hands till more than a 
month after it was written, I only waited to communicate 
the contents to the gentlemen concerned, and then opened my 
treaty with the ministers. I was not so fortunate as, in reason, 
I ou^ht to have expected. All men are not of the description, 
or of the sentiments, which you have mentioned in your letter. 
The animosity against General Burgoyne continues. Mr. 
Laurens is still in the Tower. I hope the former will find a 
better resource in the magnanimity of a generous enemy, than 
in the justice of those under whose direction he was brought 
into a situation which makes such a resource necessary. * * * 
The reason alleged for refusing that exchange voted by 
Congress was, that they had apprehended General Burgoyne 
was already exchanged for a thousand soldiers. It was to no 
purpose that I pleaded the utter impossibility of that fact. 
Congress had made a vote in favour of iMr. Laurens, and they 
would never act in a manner repugnant to their own honour, 
as well as so cruelly and treacherously by their late president, 
as to falsify their own vote for his release. At that time they 
had no officer of rank in their hands. It was, in confirmation 
of this idea, represented that no such exchange for soldiers had 
taken place, months after the vote, when Sir Henry Clinton 
was off the Chesapeake. As to the exchange for soldiers, the 
Cedres were always includeo in the men. It was represented 

to them, that had always made the offer when General 

Burgoyne was concerned ; because they knew these prisoners 
had always been refused in account, and were sensible that they 



4-16 Appendix No. 6. 

had taken effectual means that no such exchange should ever 
be made." 3° 

Notwithstanding Lord George Germaine's reply to Burgoyne 
in parliament, Burke undoubtedly struck the true reason for the 
British ministry's willingness to exchange Burgoyne for his 
equivalent in privates, provided the American prisoners taken 
at the Cedars were included in the number ; for, as Congress 
had refused since 1776 to receive those prisoners in exchange, 
the mini.-try, not desiring at heart to effect Burgoyne's release, 
confidently relied upon Congress remaining steadfast to the end 
in the course it had adhered to for more than five years. For 
an account of thie affair at the Cedars the reader is referred to 
the sketch of Major George Forster, ante page 99, note. Not- 
withstanding Burke's scouting the idea that Congress, having 
once offered Burgoyne for Laurens, would not consent to the 
former's exchange until the latter was liberated, the reason 
alleged by Lord George Germaine for refusing the Burgoyne- 
Laurens exchange, viz., the apprehension of the ministers that 
Burgoyne had already been exchanged, had a foundation in 
fact, as shown by the following letter from Gen. Washington 
to the president of Congress, and the congressional action 
thereon. 

" Head Quarters, Dobbs's Ferry, 8 August^ 1781. 

"Sir, I do myself the honor to inform Congress, through 
your Excellency, that, at a late meeting between the American 
and British commissaries of prisoners, it has been proposed by 
the latter to go into a full exchange of Lieutenant-General 
Burgoyne and all the remaining officers of convention (by 



Appendix No. 6. 4.17 

corrposition where rank will not apply) for the remainder of 
our officers in this quarter, and after them for those taken at 
the southward. One of the terms insisted upon is, that the 
prisoners surrendered by the capitulation of the Cedars, to the 
amount of four hundred and forty-three, shall be allowed. 

*' I have not thought myself at liberty to accede to these 
proposals without the concurrence of Congress, for the follow- 
ing reasons; that I imagine our minister at the court of 
Versailles has been already directed to propose the exchange 
of Lieutenant- General Burgoyne for the Honorable Mr. 
Laurens ; that I do not know whether it would be agreeable 
to Congress to release the whole of the convention officers, 
before they have obtained a settlement for the subsistence of 
those troops ; and lastly because the refusal of the ratification 
of the convention of the Cedars has never been repealed. 

" I would beg leave to remark on the two last, that the ex- 
change of our full colonels can never be obtained but by com- 
position, and that it is better to effect this by a composition for 
inferior officers tl)an for men, because the enemy gain no re- 
inforcement by such a mode. To relieve the full colonels in 
this quarter only, who, all but one, have been prisoners since 
1777, would take seven hundred privates. Should the security 
for the convention debt still be urged, I would answer, that 
we may perhaps deceive ourselves in supposing that the balance 
upon a general settlement, for the subsistence of all prisoners 
since the commencement of the war, will be much in our 
favor. I am inclined to think we shall find it the contrary, 
and owing to this, namely, that the British have constantly 
kept their accounts with accuracy and have vouchers ready to 

53 



41 8 Appendix No. 6. 

support them. We, on the other hand, shall be found very 
deficient on that score ; indeed, I fear almost totally so, except 
in the instance of the convention troops and prisoners of war 
latterly. 

'' Congress will judge of the expediency of repealing their 
act respecting the convention of the Cedars upon the present 
occasion. Mr, Skinner, the commissary-general of prisoners, 
will have the honor of delivering this to your Excellency. I 
shall be obliged by an answer to the several points contained 
in it, at his return, that I may instruct him accordingly. 
" I have the honor to be, &c." 3' 

Washington's letter was referred to a committee of Congress, 
and the Journals of that body for August 2ist, ijSr, contain 
the following entry. " The report of a committee, consisting 
of Mr. Boudinot, Mr. Varnum, Mr. Sherman, to whom was re- 
ferred a letter of the Sth, from general Washington, was taken 
into consideration} wherein the committee state, 'that at a 
meeting of the commissaries of prisoners for both parties, at 
Germantown, in the month of June, 1778, a demand was 
made by the American commissary for payment of a number 
of Canadian officers, taken at St. John's and Chamblee, and 
sent into the British lines in 1776. The British commissary 
at the same time demanding an allowance for 440 American 
prisoners taken at the Cedars, and returned on parole : that it 
was then agreed between the said commissaries that both these 
demands should rest, one against the other, till the British com- 
missary should obtain a certificate ; ' whereupon, 

" Resolved^ That the commander in chief be, and he is 
hereby authorized, to go into a full exchange of lieutenant- 



Appendix No. 6. 419 

general Burgoyne, and all the remaining officers of the conven- 
tion of Saratoga, with the enemy, in such manner as to him 
shall appear most conducive to the general interests of the 
United States. 

*' Resolved^ That the prisoners taken by the enemy at the 
Cedars, may be considered as subjects of exchange, notwith- 
standing any former resolutions of Congress to the contrary ; 
and that the commander in chief be, and hereby is instructed 
to charge in the intended exchange, the several officers taken 
in Canada, and whose ranks were disputed by the enemy and 
engaged by their commissary to be settled and adjusted in 
manner aforesaid, according to the ranks mentioned in their 
paroles, unless the enemy produce sufficient proof of a different 
rank." 

The following day, August 22d, Congress further 

" Resolved^ That in case general Burgoyne shall have been 
exchanged for the hon. Henry Laurens, credit shall be given 
for the officers which may be received for him in the general 
exchange, authorized by the resolution of the 2ist."3^ 

It was under the congressional authority of August 21, 
1 78 1, that Burgoyne was exchanged, though the exact date of 
the exchange is not known. From Burgoyne's speech in the 
House of Commons, Dec. 17, 1 781, before alluded to, and the 
reason given to Burke, in the same month, by the British 
ministry, for refusing Burgoyne for Laurens, viz., the belief 
that Burgoyne had already been exchanged, — it is not unlikely 
that the enmity of the North administration to Burgoyne caused 
it to withhold from him formal notice of his exchange. Lord 
North resigned March 20, 1782, and two days later his ministry 



4-20 Appendix No. 6. 

was succeeded by the Rockingham administration, which con- 
tained a number of Burgoyne'; friends, Burke among the 
number ; and then certainly, even if not earlier, his exchange 
became known to him ; and on the i6th of the next month 
he was appointed commander-in-chief of the forces in Ireland, 
as well as a privy councillor there, which positions he held 
until Jan., 1784.3- 33 

The Earl Fitzwilliam and Sir Richard Bourke, the editors 
of Edmund Burke's works (Rivington's edition, 1852), are 
certainly in error where they say in a note on page 466 of vol. 

I J "To the exertions of Mr. Burke in this matter, may be 

attributed the exchange of General Burgoyne for Mr. Henry 
Laurens," &c. On August 2d, 1782, Sir Guy Carleton and 
Admiral Digby, the British military and naval commanders 
then in New York, wrote a letter to Gen. Washington, in 
which were these sentences. *' With respect to Mr. Laurens, 
we are to acquaint you, that he has been enlarged and dis- 
charged trom all engagements without any conditions what- 
ever ; after which he declared of his own accord, that he 
considered Lord Cornwallis as freed from his parole. Upon 
this point we are to desire your Excellency's sentiments, or 
those of Congress." 3t This caused Washington to write to 
the secietary of war under date of August 18, 1782, as 
follows : — '' 1 have had the pleasure of receiving your private 
letter ot the I2th instant. I cannot but think the conduct re- 
specting the release of Lord Cornwallis very extraordinary. 
Is it reasonable that Mr. Laurens should be at full liberty, and 
acting as a commissioner in Europe, while Lord Cornwallis, 
for whose liberation he pledged his own honor, and consequently 
as a public man that of the States, is held bound by his parole .? 



Appendix No. 6. 4.21 

Either disavow the propriety of Mr. Laurens's conduct, and 
let him be remanded by the British ministry, or set Lord 
Cornwallis at equal liberty. I am placed in a very delicate 
situation. Sir Guy Carleton has given me official information 
of the transaction, and has called for a confirmation of Mr. 
Laurens's act. I have referred the matter to the proper place, 
and 1 can obtain no answer. In my letters to General Carleton 
I am obliged to be for the present silent, but I certainly must 
expect to hear from him again. Do, my good Sir, endeavour 
to obtain a decision upon this matter." The letter from Sir 
Guy Carleton and Admiral Digby to General Washington was 
referred by Congress to a committee, who " proposed and re- 
ported, that the General should be directed to empower his 
commissioners " [for negotiating a cartel] " to release Earl 
Cornwallis from his parole in return for the indulgence granted 
to Mr. Laurens ; but Mr. Rutledge, one of the committee, in- 
veighed against this with so much warmth and indignation, 
that it was rejected with a loud and general No from all parts 
of the House" 35 

Events on the other side of the Atlantic had already oc- 
curred, of which, however. Congress seem to have been 
ignorant when it passed its vote in August, just alluded to. Dr. 
Franklin wrote from Passy, in France, June 28, 1781, to 
Robert R. Livingston, as follows : " In mine of the 25th 
instant, I omitted mentioning, that, at the repeated, earnest 
instances of Mr. Laurens, who had given such expectations to 
the ministry in England, when his parole or securities were 
discharged, as that he could not think himself at liberty to act 
in public affairs, till the parole of Lord Cornwallis was ab- 
solved by me in exchange, I sent to that general the paper, of 



42 2 Appendix No, 6. 

which the enclosed is a copy ; and I see by the English papers, 
that his Lordship, imnnediately on the receipt of it, appeared at 
court, and has taken his seat in the House of Peers, which he 
did not before think was warrantable. My authority for doing 
this appeared questionable to myself; but Mr. Laurens judged 
it deducible from that respecting General Burgoyne, and, by 
his letters to me, seemed so unhappy, till it was done, that I 
ventured it, with a clause, however, as you will see, reserving 
to Congress the approbation or disallowance of it." The 
following is the paper alluded to in the letter. 

*' The discharge of Lord Cornwallis from his Parole. 

*'The Congress having, by a resolution of the J4th of June 
last, empowered me to offer an exchange of General Bur- 
goyne for the Honorable Henry Laurens, then a prisoner in the 
Tower of London, and whose liberty they much desire to 
obtain, which exchange, though proposed by me, according to 
the said resolution, had not been accepted or executed, when 
advice was received, that General Burgoyne was exchanged in 
virtue of another agreement; and Mr. Laurens thereupon 
having proposed another lieutenant-general, viz., Lord Corn- 
wallis, as an exchange for himself, promising, that, if set at 
liberty, he would do his utmost to obtain a confirmation of that 
proposal ; and Mr. Laurens being soon after discharged, and 
having since urged me earnestly, in several letters, to join with 
him in absolving the parole of that general, which appears to 
be a thing just and equitable in itself; and for the honor there- 
fore of our country, I do hereby, as far as in my power lies, in 
virtue of the above resolution, or otherwise, absolve and dis- 



appendix No. 6. 423 

charge the parole of Lord Cornwallis, given by him in Virginia ; 
setting him at entire liberty to act in his civil or military capacity, 
until the pleasure of Congress shall be known, to whom is 
reserved the confirmation or disapprobation of this discharge, in 
case they have made, or shall intend to make, a different dis- 
position. 

*' Given at Passy, this 9th day of June, 1782. 

" B. Franklin, 
" Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States 
of America to the Court of France. "^^ 

We cannot find that Congress ever took any action upon 
Franklin's discharge of Cornwallis ; and non-repudiation was 
accepted as a confirmation, especially as the fast approaching 
steps towards peace divested the matter of all interest and im- 
portance. 

Before leaving this matter of Burgoyne's exchange, which 
has been gone into thus fully from its having been so obscure 
and confused, it may not be amiss to allude to the subsistence 
of prisoners, referred to in some of the communications. Gen. 
Washington used this language in a letter to Sir Guy Carleton. 

" Head Quarters, 2 October^ 1782. 
" Sir. 

" Your Excellency will have been informed by your com- 
missioners, of the causes which obstructed their proceeding 
upon business at the late meeting at Tappan. The com- 
missioners on the part of the United States laid before 
those appointed by your Excellency and Admiral Digby, 



424 Appendix No. 6. 

a remonstrance, on the subject of the immense expense arising 
from the support of so great a number of British prisoners as 
we now have in our possession, without any present compensa- 
tion or proper security for the payment hereafter. This remon- 
strance your commissioners did not think themselves at liberty 
to accept. I am, therefore, under the necessity of furnishing 
your Excellency with a copy of it, and of assuring you, agreea- 
bly to my instructions, from the honorable the Congress of the 
United States, ' that, if this, like former representations, should 
produce no effect, it will be high time to take measures, how- 
ever disagreeable, for diminishing a burthen which is become 
intolerable.' 

*' I have the honor to be," &c. 

Carleton's reply, dated New York, Oct. 25, 1782, was, in 
part, as follows : " I am much at a loss how to answer the 
declarations of Congress communicated to me by your Excel- 
lency's letter of the 2d instant, nor do I fully comprehend their 
import. I understand, that the practice has been for nations 
at war to provide at the conclusion of a peace for the liquidation 
of all demands, made reciprocally for the maintenance of 
prisoners ; at which time the whole has either been compen- 
diously settled, or further time given to collect an account of 
expenses of maintenance from all parts where they have been 
incurred ; but we. Sir, on our part can have no objection to 
appoint commissaries at this period for the purpose of liquida- 
tion, if Congress earnestly desire that such liquidation shall be 
so prematurely made, but it has not been usual I think since the 
barbarous ages to use any menaces, however obscure, towards 
prisoners, and still less to practice towards them any barbarity." 3? 



Appendix No, 6. 4.25 

It seems from the foregoing, that, at the time of the Revolu- 
tion, prisoners were either bound to provide for themselves, or 
their government for them, and that the United States were for 
having prompt settlements for subsistence, which is what was 
referred to in regard to Burgoyne. 

The notoriety Burgoyne attained in the political world is 
well illustrated by an extract from a letter from Birmingham, 
dated Aug. 17, 1778, printed in the London Chronicle for Aug. 
15-18, in that year. The letter proceeds as follows : "On 
Monday last," (Aug. 10, 1778) "in the afternoon, arrived here 
from Bath, on his way to his seat in Lancashire, attended by 
two servants only, Lieutenant-general Burgoyne. His arrival 
was no sooner known, than the bells began ringing, and a great 
number of people assembled before the Swan inn where the 
General had stopped ; after some little refreshment, he pro- 
ceeded to New-Hall-Street, to view Clay's Paper Manufactory 
there ; by which time the spectators were become very numer- 
ous, both in the street, and at the windows of the houses there- 
in, who all discovered an uncommon propensity to see this 
unfortunate commander, whose conduct in America, had been 
the subject of universal conversation in the political world. 
The General after viewing the manufactory, came to the door, 
and was received with loud acclamations, which he politely re- 
turned by bowing ; then getting into his carriage, he pursued 
his journey to Soho, (where he spent a considerable time) amidst 
reiterated shouts of the populace, who seemed happy in the in- 
dulgence of their curiosity." 

On the 7th of June, 1782, Burgoyne was commissioned 
colonel of tl e 4th, or Kings's Own Regiment of Foot ;' and 
54 



4-26 Appendix No, 6. 

in April of the next year he was notified of his appointment as 
colonel of the 8th Dragoons ; but as the colonel of that regiment 
did not die as expected, Burgoyne's succession did not in fact 
occur.3 During the eight years of life remaining to him, after 
resigning as commander in-chief of the forces in Ireland, Bur- 
goyne constantly attended at the House of Commons, and upon 
the impeachment of Warren Hastings, was put upon the com- 
mittee of managers. 3.9 

In the summer of 1792, he was seized with a sudden attack 
of gout which soon terminated his life, as he died at his house 
in Hertford Street, London, Aug. 4th of that year. 3^ In ac- 
cordance with his request his remains were privately buried in 
the cloisters of Westminister Abbey beside those of his wife 
and daughter.^ 

Some years after his wife's death Gen. Burgoyne formed a 
connection with Miss Susan Caulfield, a professional singer of 
some repute, who lived with him during the remainder of his 
life ; and by her he had four children, all born out of wed- 
lock, of whom the late Field Marshal Sir John Burgoyne was 
the eldest. In Gen. Burgoyne's will, made in Dublin while 
he was commander-in-chief in Ireland, he acknowledged his 
children and made provision for their future by leaving the in- 
terest of £4,000 to their mother for life, the principal to be 
equally divided among the children at her death. The eldest 
son, John, was baptized in the parish church of St. Anne's, 
Soho, on the 15th of August, 1782, under the names of John 
Fox Burgoyne ; Charles James Fox, the celebrated statesman, 
and his father's intimate friend, acting as sponsor for him on 
the occasion. As at Gen. Burgoyne's death the proceeds of 



Appendix No, 6. 4.27 

his property barely sufficed to defray the debts he left behind 
him, his intentions in regard to his family proved unavailing ; 
and their lot must have been one of penury had it not been 
for the interposition of Lord Derby, Burgoyne's wife's nephew, 
who removed the children from the custody of the mother and 
took upon himself their entire maintenance and education. 
The children were removed by Lord Derby to "the Oaks/" 
near Epsom, a place which had formerly belonged to Burgoyne 
and which had been sold by him to Lord Derby, after the loss 
of all his appointments in 1778. A fete given by Gen. Bur- 
goyne in June, 1774, at " the Oaks," on the occasion of the 
marriage of this very Lord Derby with Lady Betty Hamil- 
ton, only daughter of the Duke of Hamilton and Bran- 
don, was the origin of his drama of " The Maid of the Oaks." 
This Lord Derby was Edward, twelfth Earl of Dei by, w'ho 
succeeded his grandfather to the earldom in 1776, and who is 
chiefly known to posterity as a distinguished patron of the turf 
and the founder of the two great races at Epsom, which bear 
respectively the names of his title, and place of residence. Six 
weeks after the death of his wife, in 1797, with whom he lived 
unhappily, and from whom he had separated, he married Miss 
Farren, the celebrated actress, with whom he became deeply 
enamored during the life of his wife. Burgoyne's descendants 
have filled many high and honorable positions in both the British 
army and navy, and several of them are still living.39 

Burgoyne possessed considerable literary taste, and his dra- 
matic and poetic works were collected in 1808, and printed in 
two volumes. The most popular of his dramatic compositions 
was his comedy of The Heiress, written at Knowsley in 1785, 
and performed at Drury Lane in 1786. It was acted for 



4-2 8 Appendix No. 7. 

thirty nights during its first season, ran through ten editions in 
one year, was translated into four foreign languages, and acted 
upon the French and German stage. -i" 

Burgoyne's life was essentially a disappointed one. His 
greatest military effort ended in disaster, and unlike that other 
British commander that lost an army in America, the Mar- 
quis Cornwallis, no opportunity to efface the recollection of 
defeat in the brilliancy of his after career, was ever afforded 
him. Though his lawful wife was a daughter of one of the 
most noble and influential families in England, yet no child of 
hers survived him, and the offspring of his mistress, alone per- 
petuates his name. The very splendor of the careers of some 
of his descendants must at times have keenly reminded them of 
the blemish on their lineage. Strangely made up must have 
been that man, who, a father of illegitimate children, denying 
lawful wedlock to their mother, could deliberately insert in his 
will, as did Burgoyne, such words as these: — '* It has been a 
comfort to me to hope that my sensualities have never injured 
nor interrupted the peace of others." 

No memorial now marks his grave, and the precise spot is 
unknown. 3 ['B. R. ^VI. S. 450. 3B. K. ^M. S. 331 et 
post. sM. S. 413. «E. V. 82. ^B. H. ^k. M. ^I. V. 
'°G. T. Nos. 33 and 34. "K. C. 13, 66. '^H. F. 318, 334. 
'3j. H. '"H. F. 551. '5M. S 404,422. ^m. G. 388: J. I. 
'7C. E. E. 407, 412. '^E. W. W. 46. '^M. T. 303, 304. 
^H. G. 166. ^'H. L. 444, 445 : B. K. 386. "H. P. 582. 
»3A. L. 433. """M. P. P. 15. ^sc. F. F. 99. "6B Y Y. 
467. '7D. K. K. 84. ^8B_ X. T. 478. ^9B. T. T. 481. 
3°B. T. T. 483. 3'M. P. P. 125. 3«c. F. F. 135. 33A. U. 



Appendix No. 7. 4.29 

345. 34M. P. P. 540. 35M. p. P. 333, 334, note. 380. K. 
K. 346, 327. "M. P. P. 352, 541. ''D. Z. Z. 771. »M. 
X. 2-5. ""B. K : B. L.] 



NO. 7. 
Sir Guy Carleton, 
Afterwards Lord Dorchester. 
The family of Carleton is very old. Guy Carleton was 
the third son of Christopher Carleton, of Newry, County 
Down, Ireland, by his wife, Catherine, daughter of Henry 
Ball, and was born at Strabane, Ireland, Sept. 3, 1724.* 
He began his military career in the Guards at an early age, and 
was promoted to a lieutenancy in the First Foot Guards July 
22, 1751, and to a captain-lieutenancy therein June 18, 1757 5 
which last promotion gave him the rank of lieutenant-colonel 
in the army.' In the campaign in Germany in 1757, he acted 
as aid to the Duke of Cumberland3 ^ and in 1 758 he embarked 
with Gen. Amherst for the siege of Louisbourg, where his 
active exertions obtained him considerable credit.'* On the 
24th of August, 1758, he was made the lieut. -colonel of the 
72d Foot.^* The next year, when Gen. Wolfe was officering 
his expedition against Quebec, he selected Lieut. -Colonel 
Carleton for his quarter master general ; but as this officer had 
given offence to the king, the appointment was secured only 
through the persistence of the Earl of Chatham, then Mr. 
Pitt. The anecdote is told at length in Beatson's Naval and 



43 o Appendix No, 7. 

Military Memoirs, vol. in, 226, note 142. At the same time 
Lieut. -Colonel Carleton was likewise appointed a colonel in 
America only.^ On Wolfe's expedition he rendered important 
services and was singled out as a proper officer to be detached 
with an adequate force to secure a post on the western point 
of the Isle d'Orleans, a service which he effectually performed. 
Sometime after he was again detached to dislodge the P'rench 
from Point au Trempe, twenty miles, distant from Quebec, 
where he was equally successful^ ; and at the battle on the 
Heights of Abraham, Sept. 13, 1759, he was wounded, re- 
ceiving a ball in the head, which, it was feared, had fractured 
his skull. ^ He took part in the battle of St. Foy, April 28, 
1760, and continued to serve in Canada for some time under 
Gen. Murray. 7 

On the expedition against Belle Isle, on the coast of France, 
he acted as one of the brigadier generals ; and Gen. Hodgson, 
who commanded, gave him flattering mention in the official 
dispatches.'* Feb. 19, 1762, he became a colonel in the army'' ; 
and he soon after embarked for the siege of Havannah, in 
which expedition he acted as the quarter master general of the 
British force under the Earl of Albemarle.^ On the loth of 
the following June he was detached from the camp into the 
woods between Coximar and the Moro, with a body of light 
infantry and grenadiers, and on the iith he carried the Spanish 
redoubt upon Moro Hill, estublishing a post there. His 
success cost him a wound, for which, however, the brilliant 
reputation and the ample share of prize money he gained were 
doubtless sufficient compensation.'* In 1763, he was com- 
missioned as the colonel of the 93d Foot, but soon after the 
peace of that year his regiment was reduced and he went upon 



Appendix No, 7. 431 

half-pay. '^ Sept. 24, 1766, he was made the lieut. -governor 
of Quebec, and when it was determined that the governor, 
Lieut -Gen. James Murray, should not return, Lieut. -Gov. 
Carleton was promoted to be governor, Oct. 26, I768-''" 9 
Oct. 3, 1766, he received the local rank of brigadier in North 
America ; April 2, 1772, he became the colonel of the 47th 
Foot ; and on the 25th of the following May a major-general." 

During the agitations in America preceding the actual out- 
break of the Revolutionary war, the British ministry called on 
Gen. Carleton for advice,'° and a writer in the Annual Register 
states that " it is supposed that it was upon his suggestion they 
brought forward the celebrated Quebec bill. During the agita- 
tion of this measure in the House of Commons, he was ex- 
amined at the bar, and his evidence satisfying both sides of the 
House of the expediency of the measure, it tended, of course, 
to accelerate its adoption. "^ Upon the passage of the Quebec 
Act, Gen. Carleton at once repaired to his province, arriving at 
Quebec, Sept. 18, 1774, in the ship Canadian, with his wife 
and children." He was received with great rejoicing, and several 
addresses of congratulation were presented to him.'* After 
the Americans surprised Ticonderoga and Crown Point he 
formed a plan for the recovery of those posts, but, for want of 
British troops and the cordial co-operation of the Canadians, his 
design failed. When, later in 1775, Gen. Montgomery in- 
vaded Canada, Gen. Carleton's energies were taxed to the 
utmost. For the defence of his whole province he had but a 
handful of British regulars ; while the fidelity of the British in- 
habitants was anything but assured. •♦ He attempted to relieve 
St. John's but was defeated in the attempt. When Montreal 
fell into the hands of the Americans he escaped capture only by 



4-32 Appendix No. 7. 

fleeing down the river at night in a birch bark canoe accom- 
panied by the boatmen and his aids-de-camp. '^ His unceasing 
activity in rousing the inhabitants, and his unshaken resolution, 
alone preserved the capital ; and the baffled Americans, after 
losing their brave commander, lingered through the winter in 
Canada, only to be driven out of the province the following 
spring upon the arrival of reinforcements from England. "*■ '* 
Gen. Carleton's humane treatment of American prisoners did 
much to mitigate the horrors of war ; and had all the British 
commanders in America adopted his wise moderation, the 
achievement of American independence would have been a 
much more difficult undertaking than it was. 

Jan. I, 1776, when the military appointments for America 
incident to the war were made, Gen. Carleton was commis- 
sioned a general in America only.* His services in defending 
his province, and especially its capital, obtained recognition by 
his being appointed a Knight of the Bath, July 6, 1776.' 
Upon the defeat of Benedict Arnold's flotilla on Lake Cham- 
plain in Oct., 1776, Carleton occupied Crown Point, which 
the Americans had abandoned : deterred, however, by the late- 
ness of the season he did not push on to Ticonderoga, but 
returned to Canada Nov. 3d. 

Though the appointment of Burgoyne to the command of 
the force destined to invade New York in 1777, was not in 
terms a supersession, yet Sir Guy Carleton felt that it was 
practically so — at least such an exhibition of lack of confidence 
as demanded his asking to be relieved of further command in 
Canada.4- 's Sir Guy's letter to Gen. Phillips, printed in the 
sketch of that officer, shows how little his sense of injury in- 
terfered with his duty in regard to the expedition, as he wrote 



Appendix No, 7. 433 

to Phillips, *' it is my intention to provide everything for this 
detachment with the same care and attention to the good of 
the service as if J was to command it myself."'^ His real 
feelings find expression in the following letter from him to 
Burgoyne. 

" Head Quarters, Quebec, 

"i9/Z» July, 1777. 
''Sir : I received your letter of the nth Instant in which 
you submit the expediency to me of supplying from Canada a 
garrison for Tyconderoga. 

" I cannot think it has been left in my power to send any 
more troops out of the province, and I am persuaded on read- 
ing Lord George Germaine's letter to me of the 20th of March 
last, marked separate, you must be of the same opinion. He 
not only orders those I am to send and those I am to keep, 
but points out where the latter are to be posted, and you must 
observe the Isle aux Noix is the most advanced on your side. 

" As to the grand division of the Troops his Lordship leaves 
no room for our reasoning ; but issues orders, and I might with 
as great propriety have disregarded the whole as part of his letter : 
Whatever I may think of His Lordship as an officer, or a states- 
man, I must respect his office, and as Secretary of State sig- 
nifying to me the King's pleasure he must be obeyed. 

" I am but barely authorized to send you the additional com- 
panies, but as Lord Barrington tells me the men were tocompleat 
the corps, and the officers to return home before winter, I shall 
avail myself of that opening and send all those belonging to the 
corps you took with you. 
55 



434- Appendix No, 7. 

" I am very ready to acknowledge that I think the whole of 
our Minister's measures, civil and military, very strange ; in- 
deed, to me they appear incomprehensible, unless they turn 
upon private enmity and resentment. I was so convinced of 
this that I lost no time in entreating the King's permission to 
resign and return home, in hopes that wiser measures might be 
pursued by his Lordship after my departure; I will only add 
on this head that part of the Troops his Lordship stations so 
ably are mere paper. "'^ 

Sir Guy's expressions to Lord George Germaine direct, were 
far more emphatic than those behind his back, as testified by 
the following letter from him to that nobleman. 

" Quebec, iK^th June, 1778. 

" My Lord : I formerly observed that under the disadvan- 
tages your Lordship's displeasure and censure had placed me, 
prudence required I should afford as little opportunity as pos- 
sible to all who might desire and find the times favorable for 
exciting disorder, to the great detriment of the King's service: 
for these and other reasons I did not call together the Legisla- 
tive Council before the 23d of March. * * * 

'' Thus on my departure, as on my arrival, I found it neces- 
sary to exert some acts of severity : the last I hope, will be at- 
tended with consequences as favourable to the tranquillity of the 
province as the former, for from that event not the least appear- 
ance of a cabal of this sort, till \ our Lordship's arrangements 
and new system of politics brought them forth ; with my re- 
moval, I trust, those measures will change, and tho. the 
distinguished character of my successor may be of no consid- 



Appendix No. 7. 4.35 

eration with your Lordship, the tranquillity of the people, the 
security of this important province, the dignity and dominion of 
the crown, will, I now hope, appear worthy of some attention; 
but should all these still give place to private resentment or 
private favor, if the power of the crown within the province 
must be trampled down to exalt the sway of the inferior ser- 
vants and scribblers, and while callous to the merits of old and 
faithful servants, all places disposed of like private property to 
friends and followers, no matter how unqualified, or whom they 
thrust out, or to such who loud in their own praise and abuse 
of better men, tho. in both equally unjust ; if unconcerned 
for the interest of the King, our master, his authority must be 
here destroyed that the rapine and dirt of office may find no 
restraint, I will venture to prognosticate that instead of subor- 
dination, tranquillity and obedience, your Lordship will soon 
perceive faction and sedition among both troops and people, 
and this great province run headlong into the same disorders 
our neighbors have experienced, with no less detriment to the 
interests of Great Britain. 

" To prevent those evils I early wished to retire from before 
your Lordship's high displeasure, lest the King's service and 
public tranquility entrusted to my hands, should be destroyed 
thereby ; I have long and impatiently looked out for the arrival 
of a successor, happy at last to learn his near approach, that 
into hands less obnoxious to your Lordship I may resign the 
important command with which 1 have been honored. Thus 
for the King's service as willingly I lay them down, as for his 
service I took them up — the most essential, and, in truth, the 
only service in my power to render urider your Lordship's ad- 
ministration," '^ 



43 6 Appendix No. 7. 

Sir Guy's successor. Gen. Haldimand, was not immediately 
appointed, and it was not until July 29, 1778, that Gen. Carle- 
ton, with his family, sailed in the frigate Montreal, for England ; 
and he did not arrive in London till the 13th of the following 
September. The disastrous result of Burgoyne's campaign 
created a revulsion of feeling in Sir Guy's favor, and his caution 
about advancing on Ticonderoga in the autumn of 1776, which 
had before been condemned, was then understood and appre- 
ciated. Hence on his return to England he was honored by 
the nobility : the Quebec merchants in London gave him, 
together with General Maclean and Chief Justice Livius of 
Quebec, who were present with him, an elegant entertainment 
at the London Tavern, Oct, 1st, as a mark of their respect ; 
and the king received him with the most gracious condescension, 
and appointed him Governor of Charlemont, in Ireland, a sine- 
cure position. Indeed, when, on Sept. 16th, Sir Guy Carleton 
was first presented at court, after his return, his majesty was 
pleased to compliment him, at Burgoyne's expense, in these 
significant terms: " Sir, I am perfectly satisfied with the whole 
of your conduct during your government in Canada, and should 
feel the most undescribable felicity had I to thank your judg- 
ment for the preservation of an army that hath been unhappily 
lost through a neglect of those precautions it suggested."'" 

Sir Guy Carleton became a lieut. -general in the army A.ug. 
29, 1777 j^ and he was subsequently appointed at the head of a 
commission for examining the Public Accounts. "'' 

Early in March, 1782, Sir Henry Clinton was superseded 
by Sir Guy Carleton, as commander-in chief in America, with 
headquarters at New York. As the fighting was now over, 



Appendix No. 7. 437 

however, Sir Guy could only distinguish himself by reforming 
abuses ; and many supernumerary officers were discharged, 
whereby a large amount was saved to the royal treasury. 
After the treaty of peace was concluded Sir Guy earned for 
himself the gratitude of those who had remained loyal to the 
British crown and were forced to abandon their homes, by his 
firmness and sense of justice in protecting their interests as far 
as possible. For a most interesting sketch of this important 
period by one of the loyalists themselves, see Jones's History 
of New York during the Revolutionary War. 

In consideration of his eminent services during the American 
war, Sir Guy Carleton was elevated to the peerage Aug. 21, 1786, 
as Baron Dorchester, of Dorchester, Oxfordshire, having pre- 
viously obtained a pension of £1000 per annum for his own life 
and the lives of his wife and two eldest sons." April 11, 1786, 
he was again appointed Governor of Quebec, Nova Scotia and 
New Brunswick, and he continued in that government till 
1796,' save a single year's absence. ="3 

He became the colonel of the 15th, or King's Regiment of 
Light Dragoons, July 16, 1790; a general in the army, Oct. 
12, 1793; the colonel of the 27th Dragoons, March 18, 1801 ; 
and the colonel of the 4th, or Queen's Own Dragoons, Aug. 
14, 1802, with which latter corps he remained connected until 
his death. ^ 

After his return from America he lived a very retired life, 
chiefly residing in the country ; first at Kempshot, near Basing- 
stoke, in Hants, and afterwards at his seat in Berkshire, near 
Maidenhead, where he died suddenly Nov. 10, i8o8/.' 



43 8 Appendix No, 7. 

His lordship, though then without a title, married at the 
bishop of London's Palace, at Fulham, on May 22, 1772, Lady 
Maria, third daughter of Thomas Howard, second Earl of 
Effingham, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Peter Beckford, 
Esq., of Jamaica ; and by her ladyship, who was born Aug. 
30, 1753, and hence twenty-nine years his junior, he had a 
large family of children, several of whom died in his lifetime/ 
His third son, Christopher, and his fourth son, George, were 
lieut. -colonels in the army, the latter of whom was killed at 
Bergen-op-Zoom in 18 14. Lord Dorchester was succeeded in 
the barony by the son of his third son ; and on the second 
baron's death, in 1826, the barony passed to Guy, a son of the 
first Lord Dorchester's fourth son.^^ 

The Georgian Era, vol. 2, p. 71, gives this appreciative 
estimate of Sir Guy : — " As a soldier, Lord Dorchester appears 
to have deservedly obtained a high reputation for courage and 
skill Misfortune animated him to redoubled exertion; he 
always made the utmost of his resources ; and had the valuable 
quality of adapting small means to the achievement of great 
results." ['C. D. 112-117. ^B. H. 3A. P. 226, note 142. 
■^A. E. 162. 5B, W. 189. ^J. Z. 42. 71. F. 82. ^A. p. 
395, note 193. 9r. O. 277. '°C. 189. "J. B. '^C. 791. 
'3F. Z. 97: F. 1 1 78. '"F. 456. 'SB. N. App. 17. '^F. B. 
470. "^¥. B. 609-611. '^F. D. 192-199. '9H. J. 258, 262. 
»°H. J. 270, 274, 278, 323. ^'H. N. 42. "B. R. '3K. 
U. 288.] 



Appendix No, 8. 4.39 



NO. 8. 
Gen. David Waterbury. 

David Waterbury, 3d, or David Waterbury, Jr., as he signed 
himself later in life, was a son of John, and Susanna Waterbury, 
and was born Feb. 12, 1722, at Stamford, Connecticut, where 
his father had long been settled and had taken a prominent 
part in town affairs.' David followed in the footsteps of his 
ancestors and early developed an interest in public matters. In 
1747 he was a lieutenant in the state militia, and in October 
1750, he was appointed the captain of the first company, or 
train band, in Stamford. He took an active part in the French 
and Indian War in which he saw much service, as he was con- 
nected with Connecticut regiments throughout six campaigns. 
His commissions at this time were as follows : — March, 1755, 1st 
lieutenant Fourth Company, Second Regiment ; March, 1756, 
captain 5th Company, 4th Regiment ; February, 1757, captain 
6th Company of the only regiment Connecticut sent into service 
that year, and which consisted of fourteen companies of 100 
men each, Israel Putnam being captain of the 4th Company ; 
March, 1758, captain 4th Company, 4th Regiment; March, 
1759, major 3d Regiment ; March, 1760, major 3d Regiment, 
the Connecticut regiments being raised for a campaign not ex- 
ceeding one year." He was under Sir William Johnson at 
Dieskau's defeat in 1755, and he was present at Abercromby's 
unsuccessful attack on Ticonderoga in 1758, besides taking 
part in many less important operations. 3- •♦ 



440 Appendix No, 8. 

He likewise served his town in various civil capacities. In 
1747 he was a member of the School Committee,s and he was 
a representative in the General Assembly during seven sessions 
between 1769 and 1776, the elections being held semi-annually. 
He was one of the selectmen of Stamford in 1754, and again 
in 1771, and for seven years thereafter.'' 

At the session of the General Assembly of Connecticut in 
March, 1775, he was commissioned as lieut. -colonel of the gth 
Regiment ; and the next month, when a quarter of the state 
militia was ordered forthwith to be enlisted, equipped and as- 
sembled for the safety of tlie colony, he was appointed colonel 
of the^5th Regiment. 7 Col, Waterbury at once put his com- 
mand in condition to take the field, and June 15th, 1775, 
reported it at Stamford ready for orders. Four days later, 
New York, alarmed for its safety, called for Wooster's and 
Waterbury's Connecticut troops to march within five miles of 
that city, and thither they immediately repaired.^ Being 
ordered to the Northern Department, Col. Waterbury with a 
° thousand men marched from the camp at Harlem for Albany, 
July 21 St. 9 Continuing northward he and his command 
reached Ticonderoga the middle of August, and, on the 28th 
of that month, embarked with Gen. Montgomery on the 
Canadian expedition. '° Col. Waterbury was present at the 
siege of St. John's, and at the surrender of Montreal ; at 
which latter place he remained until the expiration of his term ; 
he and his regiment being discharged about Dec. i, 1775." 
During its brief service Col. Waterbury's regiment, in common 
with the other troops under Montgomery, sufi^ered much from 
sickness ; no less than 173 of the 5th Connecticut having been 



Appendix No. 8. 441 

discharged for disability from July 25th to Sept. 20th ; and on 
the I 2th of Sept., it had but 500 men fit for duty." 

Dec. nth, 1775, Col. Waterbury, who had previously been 
a member of the Committee of Safety of his town, was re- 
appointed,^ and he seems to have rendered active service in 
that capacity, and as a committee of the Legislature, for the 
defence of the colony. '3 Jan. 12th, 1776, Gov. Trumbull, of 
Connecticut, issued a proclamation for raising two regiments 
of 750 men each, to be commanded by Cols. Waterbury and 
Ward, and to serve in New York under Gen. Lee, it then 
being thought that New York city was in imminent danger of 
being attacked.'* Col. Waterbury speedily proceeded to that 
city and was employed in disarming the disaffected in the 
neighboring county of Westchester. He was evidently not 
favorably impressed with the loyalty of the New Yorkers, as 
Joseph Cheesman made an affidavit on the 2d of March, 1776, 
that " being on board of a boat in Peck's Slip, he heard 
Colonel Waterbury say that he had for sometime thought that 
things would not go well unless the City of New York was 
crushed down, and that it must be done by their people before 
things would go well. '"5 

April 29th, 1776, Gov. Trumbull recommended Col. 
Waterbury to Gen. Washington in these flattering terms : — 
" David Waterbury, Jun. of Stamford, Esquire, Colonel of a 
regiment from this Colony in the Northern Department the 
last year, and at the taking of St. John's and Montreal, and 
lately in service at New York, with Major General Lee ; at 
all times behaved with bravery and honour. When you have 
a vacancy in the Army answerable to his rank do heartily re- 
commend him to your kind notice and regard.'"^ 
56 



44-2 Appendix No. 8. 

This recommendation elicited the following letter from Gen. 
Washington to Col. Waterbury : — 

" New York, May 13, 1776. 
" Sir : Governour Trumbull has been pleased to mention 
you to me as a proper person to succeed to the command of 
the regiment lately General Arnold's. If you incline to 
engage in the service again, I should be obliged to you for 
signifying as much, in order that I may lay the matter before 
Congress for their approbation. 

" I am, sir, with great respect, your most obedient servant 

" George Washington. "'' 

Col. Waterbury, though apparently flattered by the good 
opinion of the commander-in-chief, felt, nevertheless, that he 
had been overlooked too long, as he would now be ranked by 
men who had been his juniors. His answer will perhaps afford 
a better insight into the man's education and character, than any 
thing of his that has come down to us, and hence it is here 
inserted in full, and is as follows : 

" Hartford, May 20, 1776. 

'" Dear Sir : After my best wishes to your Excellency, 
■graving God may preserve you through the many dangers and 
difficulties that attend the calling you are now engaged in ; 
hoping your Excellency and the Army under your command, 
may be the means, under God, to the saving of our land from 
ruin: I received your Excellency's favour of the 13th instant, 
and can answer the request : that is, I should take it as an 
honour done to me to be an officer under your command ; but 



Appendix No. 8. 44.; 



as I am well assured that your Excellency delights to see 
justice done to every officer and soldier in your Army, your 
Excellency must know that I have not had justice done me. 
I never had a Continental commission offered me, although it 
is said, since I returned home, that I refused one while in 
Canada. I never had the offer, although I took such an 
active part in the Northern expedition last fall. There were 
but four small companies that went down with the Generals, 
besides me and my regiment. When we first took the ground 
at St, John's, never man laboured through an expedition with 
more fatigue and hardship than I did ; and now to take rank 
under those that were but Lieutenant Colonels at that time, 
and others that were Colonels that ranked under me, I should 
think it would look as though I had done something that was 
not to my honour, in being set back. If your Excellency sees 
cause to lay the case before the honourable Congress, and they 
see cause to give me my proper rank, I shall cheerfully accept 
your Excellency's offer, and ever make it the height of my 
ambition to render my services acceptable to your Excellency 
and my bleeding country ; and if not, and your Excellency is 
attacked, I shall come to your assistance as a volunteer, upon 
the shortest notice. And am with every sentiment of respect 
and regard^ your Excellency's most obedient, humble servant, 

" David Watkrbury, Jun. 

"P. S. My being at Hartford instead of being at Stamford 
is the reason of my not answering your Excellency's favour 
sooner.'"^ 

Here the correspondence seems to have ended, and Colonel 
Waterbury never received a continental commission. At the 



444- Appendix No. 8. 

May Session, 1776, the General Assembly of Connecticut n 
view of the alarming movements of the British troops, voted 
to raise two regiments, and appointed David Waterbury, Jr. 
to be colonel of one of them to be stationed at or near New 
London. '9 Gov. Trumbull called the General Assembly 
together again on the 14th of June to take into consideration 
the requisitions of Congress of the ist and 3d of June, for re- 
inforcements to the armies at New York and in Canada. It 
accordingly met and cheerfully granted the reinforcements re- 
quired. That for the Northern Department consisted of two 
regiments, and Col. Waterbury was appointed a brigadier 
general for that Department.^" This force was promptly 
raised, and arrived at New York July 5th and 6th, at Saratoga 
July i2th,andtwo or three days later at Skenesborough, where 
a dock yard had been established, in which a fleet was being 
constructed for Lake Champlain ; and to the command of that 
post Gen. Waterbury was assigned.'^' There he remained the 
rest of the summer of 1776, actively engaged in pushing the 
flotilla to completion, as indicated by the voluminous corres- 
pondence carried on between him and Gen. Gates to be found 
in the American Archives, 5th series, vols. I and 2. Under date 
of August 22d, he wrote to Gen. Gates as follows : — " You 
may rely upon my diligence in forwarding the galleys as fast 
as possible. The business has been much retarded by so many 
of the carpenters being sick, and the misfortune I met with in 
hurting my leg, which for some days has rendered me incapable 
of attending upon the business; but my leg is growing better 
fast and shall endeavour to forward the business with all 
possible despatch."" Four days later he added this postcript to 
a letter to the same correspondent: — " I have now got so well 



Appendix No. 8. 4.45 

of my lameness that I am able to go among the workmen."'' 
Oct. 6th, Gen. Waterbury joined the fleet which was under 
the command of Gen. Benedict Arnold'^, and was made second 
in command, the third being Col. Wigglesworth, who, Arnold 
says, "is a good seaman, appears to be much of a gentleman, 
and has, as far as I can learn, an unimpeached good character. "'5 
The opinion entertained of Waterbury is shown by a letter 
from Gates to Schuyler, dated Aug. i8, in which the writer 
says : 

" I expect General Waterbury by Saturday night with the 
row galleys. As he is an able seaman and a brave officer, I 
intend he shall join General Arnold with the rest of the 
squadron the instant they can be armed and equipped. As 
General Arnold and he are upon the best terms, I am satisfied 
no dispute about command or want of confidence in each other 
will retard the public service.*^ 

Oct. II, 1776, the battle of Valcour Bay was fought 
between the American and British fleets, the latter under the 
command of Capt. Thomas Pringle, though Sir Guy Carleton 
was likewise aboard, the fleet, and, in a measure, shared the 
responsibility of command. 1 he Congress was Arnold's flag- 
ship, and Gen. Waterbury was on the Washington. The 
American fleet was so badly crippled that it was obliged to 
retreat to Crown Point ; and to this end it eluded British 
vigilance, passed unobserved through the opposing squadron 
the night after the battle, and started up the lake. The next 
day and the next night the British pursued, and captured or 
destroyed the large majority of the American vessels, the 
Washington, with Gen. Waterbury, being captured. Gen. 
Wilkinson, who in his youthful days was an aid to Gates when 



446 Appe?2dix No. 8. 

in command of the Northern Department, seems not to have 

meted out to Gen. Waterbiiry that justice, which he himself 

so bitterly complained in his Memoirs, of not receiving in the 

war of 1 812 ; and his injustice to a meritorious officer abridges, 

on the divine principle that '^ with what judgment ye judge, ye 

shall be judged ; and with what measure ye mete, it shall be 

measured to you again," the sympathy which his readers 

might, perhaps, otherwise feel for him. Wilkinson, who, it 

will be remembered, was not in the action at all, and whose 

Memoirs were written nearly forty years after, says: — 

" General Waterbury in the Washington galley, had been 

ordered to keep abreast of the Congress, and to cooperate with 

his battery, which was of equal weight ; but he suffered a 

schooner to run under his stern, and struck to her without 

firing a gun. By this dastardly act Arnold was exposed to the 

broadsides of the schooner, the battery of the captured galley, 

and the bow chasers of the ship and other schooners," etc. "7 

The inexcusable lack of accuracy in Wilkinson's statement 

and his reprehensible disposition to cast unmerited blame upon 

an unfortunate but gallant officer, is proved by the views and 

reports of those who had the best opportunity of knowing the 

truth of what they affirmed. Gen. Arnold in his report to 

Gen. Gates of the affair in Valcour Bay, Oct. nth, and which 

was written from Schuyler's Island Oct. 12th, during the 

retreat, says : — " The Congress and Washington have suffered 

greatly ; the latter lost her First Lieutenant killed. Captain and 

Master wounded. The New York lost all her officers except 

the Captain. The Philadelphia was hulled in so many places 

that she sunk about one hour after the engagement was over. 

The whole killedand wounded amounted toabout sixty. * * * 



Appendix No, 8. 44.7 



We suffered much for want of seamen and gunners. I was 
obliged myself to point most of the guns on board the Congress, 
which I believe did good execution. The Congress received 
seven shot between wind and water ; was hulled a dozen times ; 
had her mainmast wounded in two places, and her yard in one. 
The Washington was hulled a number of times ; her main- 
mast shot through, and must have a new one. On consulting 
with General Waterbury and Colonel Wigglesworth, it was 
thought prudent to retreat to Crown Point ; every vessel's 
ammunition being nearly three-fourths spent, and the enemy 
greatly superiour to us in ships and men. At seven o'clock 
Colonel Wigglesworth, in the Trumbull, got under way ; 
the gondolas and small vessels followed ; and the Congress and 
Washington brought up the rear. The enemy did not attempt 
to molest us. Most of the fleet is this minute come to an 
anchor. The wind is small to the southward. The enemy's 
fleet is under way to leeward, and beating up. As soon as our 
leaks are stopped, the whole fleet will make the utmost de- 
spatch to Crown Point, where I beg you will send ammunition, 
and your further orders for us. On the whole 1 think we 
have had a very fortunate escape, and have great reason to 
return our humble and hearty thanks to Almighty God for 
preserving and delivering so many of us from our more than 
savage enemies. "^^ Gen. Arnold in his report to Gen. 
Schuyler after the retreat was concluded, wrote as follows : — 

" TicoNDEROGA, October i^th^ ^11^- 
" Dear General : I make no doubt before this you have 
received a copy of my letter to General Gates of the I2th 
instant, dated at Schuyler's Island, advising of an action 



44-8 Appendix No. 8. . 

between our fleet and the enemy the preceding day ; in which 
we lost a schooner and a gondola. We remained no longer 
at Schuyler's Island then to stop our leaks, and mend the sails 
of the Washington. At two o'clock P. m., the 12th, weighed 
anchor with a fresh breeze to the southward. The enemy's 
fleet at the same time got under way ; our gondolas made very 
little way ahead. In the evening the wind moderated, and we 
made such progress that at six o'clock next morning we were 
about off" WiJlsborough, twenty-eight miles from Crown Point. 
The enemy's fleet were very little way above Schuyler's Island j 
the wind breezed up to the southward, so that we gained very 
little by beating or rowing, at the same time the enemy took a 
fresh breeze from the north-east, and by the time we had 
reached Split-Rock, were alongside of us. The Washington 
and Congress were in the rear, the rest of our fleet were ahead 
except two gondolas sunk at Schuyler's Island. The Wash- 
ington was in such a shattered condition, and had so many 
killed and wounded she struck to the enemy after receiving a 
few broadsides. * * Of our whole fleet we have saved only 
two galleys, two small schooners, one gondola, and one sloop. 
General Waterbury with one hundred and ten prisoners, were 
returned by Carleton last night. "'9 

Nowhere has Arnold a word of censure for Waterbury, and 
he was not a man to withhold it, had it been deserved. Gen. 
Schuyler, who was close by the scene of action, and whose 
duty it was to know whereof he spoke, thus wrote to Gov. 
Trumbull within a week of the Lake Champlain affair: — 
"• General Waterbury, who is prisoner on his parole, is on 
his way from Albany to Connecticut. I have advised him to 
go directly from Albany to you. He is capable of giving you 



Appendix No. 8. 4.49 

that information you requested in your last favour to me. He 
is not only a brave and good officer, but a candid and honest 
man, uninfluenced by any unbecoming prejudices. He will 
also acquaint you with the state of our affairs at Ticonderoga."3° 
Finally, Gen. Waterbury's own account addressed to John 
Hancock, President of the Continental Congress, entirely 
disposes of Wilkinson's injustice, were anything more needed. 
It as follows : — 

Stamford, October 24, 1776. 
" Honoured Sir : I have now returned home on parole. 
Your Honour has undoubtedly heard of my misfortune of 
being taken prisoner on the 13th instant, on Lake Champlain. 
I shall give your Honour a short sketch of our engagement, 
which is as follows : 

"On Friday morning, of the nth instant, our alarm-guns 
were fired, that the enemy's fleet was off Cumberland-Head. 
I immediately went on board of General Arnold, and told him 
that I gave it as my opinion that the fleet ought immediately to 
come to s;ul,and fight them on a retreat in main Lake, as they 
were so much superiour to us in number and strength, and we 
being in such a disadvantageous harbour to fight a number so 
much superiour, and the enemy being able with their small 
boats to surround us on every side, as I knew they could, we lying 
between an island and the main. But General Arnold was of 
the opinion that it was best to draw the fleet in a line where 
we lay, in the bay of Valcour. The fleet very soon came up 
with us, and surrounded us, when a very hot engagement 
ensued from ten o'clock in the morning till towards sunset, 
when the enemy withdrew. We immediately held council, ta 
57 



45 o Appendix No. 8. 

secure a retreat through their fleet, to get to Crown Point, 
which was done with so much secrecy that we went through 
them entirely undiscovered. The enemy finding next morning 
that we had retreated, immediately pursued us. The wind 
being against us, and my vessel so torn to pieces that it was 
almost impossible to keep her above water; my sails was so 
shot, that carrying sail split them from foot to head, and I was 
obliged to come to anchor at twelve o'clock, to mend my sails. 
When we had completed that, we made sail, just at evening. 
The enemy still pursued all night. I found next morning that 
they gained upon us very fast, and that they would very soon 
overtake me. The rest of the fleet all being much ahead of 
me, I sent my boat on board of General Arnold, to get liberty 
to put my wounded in the boat, and send them forward, and 
run my vessel on shore, and blow her up. I received for 
answer, by no means to run her ashore, but to push forward 
to Split Rock, where he would draw the fleet in a line, and 
engage them again ; but when I came to Split Rock, the 
whole fleet was making their escape as fast as they could, and 
left me in the rear, to fall into the enemy's hands. But before 
I struck to them, the ship of eighteen twelve-pounders, and a 
schooner of fourteen six-pounders, had surrounded me, which 
obliged me to strike, and I thought it prudent to surrender 
myself prisoner of war. As soon as I was taken. General 
Arnold, with four gondolas, run ashore, and blew up the 
vessels ahead of me. One thing I have omitted in the former 
part of my letter, that is, the Royal Savage run ashore on the 
Point of Valcour, in the first of the engagement, and was 
lost. * * * Sir, I would have waited on the Congress 
in person, had it not been that my parole confined me to 



Appendix No. 8. ' 4.51 

Connecticut. But I hope that I shall not be neglected in 
being exchanged, if any opportunity there be. "3' 

Sir Guy Carleton's treatment of Gen. Waterbury and the 
other prisoners taken on Lake Cham plain, affords a good 
insight into that officer's character. Col. J. Trumbull, in 
Reminiscences of his own Times, page 36, writes as follows : 
** On this occasion Sir Guy Carleton, who commanded the 
hostile fleet and army, behaved with a degree of humanity, as 
well as policy, which, if it had been generally employed by 
other royal commanders, might have exposed to great hazard 
the success of America. As soon as the action was over, 
Sir Guy gave orders to the Surgeons of his own troops, to treat 
the wounded prisoners with the same care as they did his own 
men. He then ordered that all the other prisoners should be 
immediately brought on board his own ship, the Royal 
Charlotte, where he first treated them to a drink of grog, and 
then spoke kindly to them, praised the bravery of their conduct, 
regretted that it had not been displayed in the service of their 
lawful sovereign, and offered to send them home to their 
friends, on their giving their parole that they would not again 
bear arms against Great Britain until they should be exchanged. 
He then invited Gen. Waterbury to go below with him to his 
cabin, and requested to see his commission : the moment he 
saw that it was signed by the Governor of Connecticut (my 
father), he held out his hand and said, ' General Waterbury, I 
am happy to take you by the hand, now that I see that you 
are not serving under a commission and orders of the Rebel 
Congress, but of Gov. Trumbull, You are acting under a 
legitimate and lawful authority. He is responsible for the 



452 Appendix No. 8. 

abuse he has made of that authority. That which is a high 
crime in him, is but an error in you ; it was your duty to 
obey him, your legitimate superiour.' A few days after this 
defeat, a number of row-boats approached our advanced post, 
and there lay upon their oars with a flag of truce. I was 
ordered to go down and learn their object. I found Capt, 
Craig (afterwards Sir James Craig, and governor of Canada), 
with Gen. Waterbury and the other prisoners who had been 
taken in the recent action, dismissed, as Sir Guy had promised, 
upon parole. The usual civilities passed between Sir James 
and me, and 1 received the prisoners ; all were warm in their 
acknowledgement of the kindness with which they had been 
treated, and which appeared to me to have made a very 
dangerous impression. I therefore placed the boats containing 
the prisoners under the guns of a battery, and gave orders that 
no one should be permitted to land, and no intercourse take 
place with the troops on shore until orders should be received 
from Gen. Gates. I hurried to make my report to him, and 
suggested the danger of permitting these men to have any in- 
tercourse with our troops; accordingly they were ordered to 
proceed immediately to Skenesborough, on their way home, 
and they went forward that night, without being permitted to 
land." 

No accounts have been found of Gen. Waterbury's partici- 
pating in any subsequent engagements during the war, though 
he rendered more or less military service. He commanded a 
brigade under Gen. Washington in the summer of 1781, and 
the latest mention of him, so far as found, is in an order issued 
by Washington Aug. 5th, lySi^^, though he was in camp near 



Appendix No. 8. ^c^t^ 

Stamford as late as Aug. 24th in that year, 33 After the Revo- 
lution he spent the remainder of his days in his native town, 
where he cultivated a farm. He seems to have been held in 
honor by his fellow townsmen, whom he represented in the 
general assembly in 1783, 1794 and 1795. He died June 29, 
1801, leaving a widow and two children surviving him.3-» Gen. 
Waterbury rendered much faithful service during our struggle 
for liberty, and seems to have earned the confidence of all with 
whom he came in contact, so that Gen. Schuyler's estimate of 
him was undoubtedly just, when he said, in writing to Gen. 
Gates from Albany, under date of Aug, 20th, 1776 — "I am 
extremely happy that General Waterbury is to join General 
Arnold. I know him to be a good man, as well as a good 
officer." 35 ['G. M. 417. =C. G. 556: C. H. 346, 473, 
601 : C. I. 98, 226, 355. 3A. H. 206-211, 298. iC. H. 
336, 473 : C. I. 240, 355, 363, 542. sG. M, 347. ^G. M. 
467, 471. ''¥. S. 163-168. ^G, M, 223, 9F, S. 45. '°F, S. 
49 : E. 135, 467, 469. "F. S. 136. -E. 738, 797. •3F. S. 
197. "''F. 1 154. '5^.274,342. '^F. 1133. '^f^- 43^- '^G. 
looi. '9F. S. 207. "°I. 28 : F. S. 221, 223. ="'1. 41, 237, 340. 
"I. 1 114. ^31.1154. ^-tj. 633. »5j. 186, '«!, 1218, "7M. 

T. 91. ^^J. 1038. '9j. 1079. 30J. 1,25. 3'J. 1224. 3»N. 
314. 33G. M. 230. 34G. M. 423, 467, 468. 35l. 1083.] 



454- Appendix No. 9. 



NO. 9. 

Brig. General Simon Fraser. 

Simon Eraser's early years are clouded in obscurity. Jesse, 
and some other writers, fall into the palpable error of confound- 
ing him with Simon Fraser, the son of Lord Lovat.' " Simon 
Frazer," says Dr. O'Callaghan, in Burgoyne's Orderly Book, 
page 184 " was the youngest son, it is said, of Hugh Frazer of 
Balnain. His mother was daughter of the Frazer of Forgers." 
Fonblanque, in his life of Burgoyne, page 241, note, says that 
Simon Praser was a younger son of Alexander Fraser of 
Balnain and Glendo, of the Ferraline branch of the Lovat 
family by a daughter of Angus Mackintosh of Killachy, from 
whom the celebrated Sir James Mackintosh was directly de- 
scended. Sir James Mackintosh in writing about his ancestry, 
says — " My father. Captain John Mackintosh, was the repre- 
sentative of a family which had for about two centuries possessed 
a small estate called Kellachie, which I inherited from him, and 
which I was obliged to sell. He had served four and twenty 
years in the army, into which he entered very young. He was 
very severely wounded at Felinghaiisen in the seven years war ; 
and his last place of service was Gibraltar, where he was during 
the whole siege. My mother was Marjory, the daughter of 
Mr. Alexander Macgillivray, by Anne Fraser, sister of Briga- 
dier General Fraser, who was killed in General Burgoyne's 
army in 1777; aunt to Dr. Fraser, physician in London j and to 
Mrs. Fraser Tytler, wife of Lord Woodhouselee, now (1805) a 
judge of the Court of Session in Scotland." " These contra- 



Appendix No. 9. 455 

dictory accounts contain all we know of the parentage of this 
distinguished officer. 

Fonblanque says that Simon Fraser was born in 1729, and 
entered the army at an early age. His entrance into the British 
military service probably dates subsequently to the issue of the 
Army List of 1754, as no subaltern of that name appears in that 
List. It is very difficult, and perhaps impossible, to determine 
the date of his first commission, as no less than eight Simon 
Frasers appear in the Army List of 1757, six of whom belonged 
to Fraser's Highlanders, as the Second Highland Battalion, 
afterwards the 78ih Foot, was called. In that organization, 
besides the lieutenant-colonel commandant and a captain, there 
were four subalterns of that name, the latter ranking as follows, 
viz : — an ensign appointed Jan. 9, 1757, and three lieutenants 
appointed respectively Jan. 5, Jan. 30, and Feb. 8, all in 1757. 
Then, of the same name, there was an ensign in the 50th Foot 
dating from Jan. i, 1756, and a lieutenant in the 6oth, or Royal 
American Regiment of Foot, dating from Jan. 31, 1756. 

We think we can positively trace the commissions of the 
subject of this sketch as follows : — in the 78th Foot, lieutenant 
Jan. 5, 1757, captain-lieutenant Sept. 27, 1758, captain April 
22, 1759 ; major in the army March 15, 1761 ; in the 24th Foot, 
major Feb. 8, 1762, and lieut. -colonel July 14, 1768.2 June 10, 
1776, less than a fortnight after his arrival in Canada, Gen. 
Carleton appointed him to act as a brigadier till the king's pleasure 
could be known^, an appointment which in due time received 
the royal confirmation. 5 His last commission was that of a 
colonel in the army, his appointment being gazetted July 22, 
1777.^ He served with his regiment in the expedition against 



4- 5 6 Appendix No, 9. 

Louisbourg, and accompanied Gen. Wolfe to Quebec, He 
did garrison duty at Gibraltar for a few years, and then was 
stationed in Ireland^, whence he embarked with the 24th on 
the 5th of April, 1776, arriving at Quebec on the 28th of the 
following May. Gen. Fraser assisted in driving the Americans 
out of Canada. He commanded the British in the affair at 
Three Rivers, and, in 1777, he participated in Burgoyne's cam- 
paign, which he did not live to finish. 7 

Few letters from the pen of this gallant officer have come 
down to us, and the following, therefore, is inserted for the light 
it sheds on his education and character. It is addressed on the 
outside — " To Major General Gates or officer commanding the 
Forces near Half Moon," — and is sealed with an impression in 
sealing wax of his coat of arms. It is as follows, viz : — 

" ']th September^ ^111' 
" Sir. It has been represented to me, by several deserters 
from your army that Mr. Simon Fraser, a prisoner taken at 
Bennington, is treated with an uncommon degree of severity. 
If this report is true I am persuaded it must be owing to some 
misrepresentation. This person is an Inhabitant on Hoosac 
Creek, and is the Father of nine children ; he joined us at F. 
Edward "with other Loyalists, and I got him placed in a Civil 
employment from which he could draw some temporary in- 
come ; he imagined the detachment under the late Lieut. -Col. 
Baume would have passed near his house, he went along with 
it, and as it did not go within many miles of his habitation was 
taken in the action, I am told without arms. Now, Sir, I can 
appeal to your humanity, if a person answering this description 
is an object of resentment, or if he deserves to be distinguished 



Appendix No, C), 4.57 

by particular ill treatment, and if upon enquiry, you will find 
his case to be, as thus stated, I hope you will have the good- 
ness to give directions for his enlargement, and putting him on 
the same footing with other prisoners of war. I send five 
guineas by the Drummer Major of the 24th Regiment for the 
use of Mr. Fraser, and must request the favor of some gentle- 
man in your family to forward it to him. 
" I have the honor to be Sir 

" Your most obed't humble Servant 

'' Sim. Fraser 

" B. General."* 

October 7, 1777, General Fraser was shot and mortally 
wounded at Bemus' Heights by Morgan's riflemen pursuant to 
special instructions, it is said, from Colonel Morgan himself.' 
The particulars of his death and burial are thus related by 
Madame Riedesel in her Journal :— " Suddenly, however, on 
the 7th of October, my husband, with the whole general stafF, 
decamped. Our misfortunes may be said to date from this 
moment. I had just sat down with mv husband at his quarters 
to breakfast. General Frazer, and, I believe, Generals Bur- 
goyne and Phillips, also, were to have dined with me on 
the same day. I observed considerable movement among the 
troops. My husband thereupon informed me, that there was 
to be a reconnoissance, which, however, did not surprise me, 
as this often happened. On my way homeward, I met many 
savages in their war-dress, armed with guns. To my question 
where they we.e going, they cried out to me, ' War ! war ! ' 
which meant that they were going to fight. This completely 
overwhelmed me, and I had scarcely got back to my quarters, 
58 



458 Appendix No, 9. 

when I heard skirmishing, and firing, which by degrees, became 
constantly heavier, until, finally, the noises became frightful. 
It was a terrible cannonade, and I was more dead than alive. 
About three o'clock in the afternoon, in place of the guests 
who were to have dined with me, they brought in to me, upon 
a litter, poor General Frazer (one of my expected guests), 
mortally wounded. Our dining table, which was already 
spread, was taken away, and in its place they fixed up a bed for 
the general. I sat in a corner of the room trembling and 
quaking. The noises grew continually louder. The thought 
that they might bring in my husband in the same manner was 
to me dreadful, and tormented me incessantly. The general 
said to the surgeon, ' Do not conceal anything from me. Must 
I die \ ' The ball had gone through his bowels precisely as in 
the case of Major Harnage. Unfortunately, however, the 
general had eaten a hearty breakfast, by reason of which the 
intestines were distended, and the ball, so the surgeon said, 
had not gone, as in the case of Major Harnage, between the 
intestines, but through them. I heard him often, amidst his 
groans, exclaim, ' Oh, fatal ambition ! Poor General Bur- 
goyne ! My poor wife ! ' Prayers were read to him. He 
then sent a message to General Burgoyne, begging that he 
would have him buried the following day at six o'clock in the 
evening, on the top of a hill, which was a sort of a redoubt. 
I knew no longer which way to turn. The whole entry and 
the other rooms were filled with the sick, who were suffering 
with the camp-sickness, a kind of dysentery. Finally, toward 
evening, I saw my husband coming, upon which I forgot all 
my sufferings, and thanked God that he had spared him to me. 
He ate in great haste with me and his adjutant, behind the 
house. We had been told that we had gained an advantage over 



Appendix No, 9. 459 

the enemy, but the sorrowful and down-cast faces which I beheld, 
bore witness to the contrary, and before my husband again 
went away, he drew me one side and told me everything might 
go very badly, and that I must keep myself in constant readiness 
for departure, but by no means to give any one the least inkling 
of what I was doing. I therefore pretended that I wished to 
move into my new house the next morning, and had every- 
thing packed up. My lady Ackland occupied a tent not far 
from our house. In this she slept, but during the day was in 
the camp. Suddenly one came to tell her that her husband 
was mortally wounded, and had been taken prisoner. At this 
she became very wretched. We comforted her by saying that 
it was only a slight wound, but as no one could nurse him as 
well as herself, we counseled her to go at once to him, to do 
which she could certainly obtain permission. She loved him 
very much, although he was a plain, rough man, and was 
almost daily intoxicated ; with this exception, however, he was 
an excellent officer. She was the loveliest of women. I spent 
the night in this manner — at one time comforting her, and at 
another looking after my children, whom I had put to bed. 
As for myself, I could not go to sleep, as I had General Frazer 
and all the other gentlemen in my room, and was constantly 
afraid that my children would wake up and cry, and thus dis- 
turb the poor dying man, who often sent to beg my pardon tor 
making me so much trouble. About three o'clock in the 
morning, they told me that he could not last much longer. I had 
desired to be apprised of the approach of this moment. I, ac- 
cordingly, wrapped up the children in the bed coverings, and 
went with them into the entry. Early in the morning, at 
eight o'clock, he expired. After they had washed the corpse. 



460 Appendix No. 9. 

they wrapped it in a sheet and laid it on a bedstead. We then 
again came into the room, and had this sad sight before us the 
whole day. At every instant, also, wounded officers of my 
acquaintance arrived, and the cannonade again began. A re- 
treat was spoken of, but there was not the least movement 
made toward it. About four o'clock in the afternoon, I saw 
the new house which had been built for me, in flames: the 
enemy, therefore, were not far from us. We learned that 
General Burgoyne intended to fulfill the last wish of General 
Frazer, and to have him buried at six o'clock, in the place 
designated by him. This occasioned an unnecessary delay, to 
which a part of the misfortunes of the army was owing. Pre- 
cisely at six o'clock the corpse was brought out, and we saw 
the entire body of generals with their retinues on the hill assist- 
ing at the obsequies. The English chaplain, Mr. Brudenel, 
performed the funeral services. The cannon balls flew con- 
tinually around and over the party. The American general, 
Gates, afterward said, that if he had known that- it was a burial 
he would not have allowed any firing in that direction." 

Lieutenant-Colonel (afterwards Major-General) Kingston, in 
his evidence before a committee of the House of Commons in 
referring to the burial of General Fraser, said, — " I never saw 
so affecting a sight." General Burgoyne spoke of it in this 
graphic manner — " About sun-set the corpse of General Fraser 
was brought up the hill, attended only by the officers who had 
lived in his family. To arrive at the redoubt, it passed within 
view of the greatest part of both armies. General Phillips, 
General Riedesel, and myself, who were standing together, 
were struck with the humility of the procession : They who 



Appendix No. 9. 



461 



were ignorant that privacy had been requested, might construe 
it neglect. We could neither endure that reflection, nor indeed 
restrain our natural propensity to pay our last attention to his 
remains. The circumstances that ensued cannot be better 
described than they have been by different witnesses. The 
incessant cannonade during the solemnity ; the steady attitude 
and unaltered voice with which the chaplain officiated, though 
frequently covered with dust, which the shot threw up on all 
sides of him ; the mute but expressive mixture of sensibility 
and indignation upon every countenance ; these objects will 
remain to the last of life upon the minds of every man who was 
present. The growing duskiness added to the scenery, and the 
whole marked a character of that juncture that would make one 
of the finest subjects for the pencil of a master that the field 
ever exhibited — To the canvas and to the faithful page of a more 
important historian, gallant friend ! I consign thy memory. 
There may thy talents, thy manly virtues, their progress and 
their period, find due distinction ; and long may they survive ; — 
long after the frail record of my pen shall be forgotten." '° 

Early in the autumn of 1769, Gen. Fraser was married to 
Mrs. ■ Grant" of Percy Street, London," who survived him. 



a. The following notice of a novel 
trial, in which this lady was a party, is ex- 
tracted from the London Chronicle for 
July 4-6, 1780, vol. 48, page lo : 
" Yesterday" (July 3 1780)," was tried 
before the Right Hon. Earl Mans- 
field and a special jury, a cause wherein 
Mr. Schreiber, a merchant, was plaintiff, 
and Mrs Frazer, widow of the late Gen. 
Frarer, was defendant. The action was 
brought for damages on a breach of prom- 
ise of marriage. Mr. Dunning opened 
for the plaintiff, and brought witnesses to 



prove the promises. The first, and prin- 
cipal, was the plaintiff's son ; who de- 
posed, that the Lady had acknowl- 
edged to him her having consented to 
marry his father. A man servant de- 
posed, that his mistress had engaged him 
to go abroad with her to Germany, ia 
case of the marriage taking place. Mr. 
Christie was brought to prove that the 
plaintiff bought a house in Portland Place, 
at the price of £4100, and on account of 
the marriage not taking place, had sold 
it again for £3600. A Horse-dealer 



4-62 



Appendix No. 9. 



From the testimony that has come down to us Gen. Fraser can 
hardly be too highly extolled as a soldier. He commanded the 
light brigade on Burgoyne's campaign, and thus was ever in 
the advance, rendering throughout the most efficient services. 
He defeated the Americans at Three Rivers, and at Hubbardton ; 
and had his views been followed at Bennington the stupid 
blunder of employing heavy German dismounted dragoons on 
an expedition requiring rapidity of movement and celerity of 
action, would never have been committed." His successor in the 
commaiid of the light infantry, and his intimate friend, the Earl 
of Balcarres, thus spoke of him : — " General Fraser's temper 



proved he had bought 4 horses at 35 
guineas each, and sold them again all 4 
at 74 guineas. A Coach-maker proved 
he had bought two carriages for £200 : 
A Taylor proved making a suit of livery, 
on account of the promised marriage. 

Mr. Solicitor General pleaded, that his 
client had no objection to the person, 
character, or fortune of the plaintiff, who 
is certainly a very respectable wealthy 
merchant, and in every respect a very 
advantageous match for her; that in the 
course of the treaty, she began to think 
Mr. Schreiber's temper and hers might 
not agree; in that case, the match would 
render both parties extremely unhappy, 
for which reason she thought best to 
retract, though evidently to her own loss 
and disadvantage, his fortune being far 
superior to hers. He further observed, 
that no attempt had been made to prove 
his client a woman of fortune ; therefore 
it was much below the plaintiff to want 
to take from her small pittance, and add 
to his own great abundance. Here he 
was stopped by Mr. Dunning, who ad- 
duced proof that the Lady's fortune here, 
in the East Indies, and America, amounted 
to £24,000, or upwards. 

Mr. Solicitor General replied, that the 



fortune in England might be ascertained, 
but that abroad could not ; but with re- 
gard to fortune, his client had suffered 
most by breaking off the match, for she 
was to have her own fortune at her own 
disposal, £300 a year pin money, 
£10,000 settled upon her, and the house 
at Forty Hill, or at her option £5000 in- 
stead of it, in all £15,000 in case of her 
survival. 

Lord Mansfield, in summing up the 
evidence, observed, that the promise of 
marriage was proved ; that certainly each 
party, engaged to marry, has a right to 
retract at any time previous to the cere- 
mony, and even before the Priest, if they 
apprehended unhappiness to be the event ; 
but it was under this circumstance that 
the party retracting, if able, should make 
good the damages sustained by the other 
through the treaty — the plaintiff had 
proved some damages — it was for the 
jury to assess the quantum. The jury, 
after a consultation of a few minutes, 
gave a verdict of £600 damages, with 
costs." 

This lady was married at Edinburgh, 
April 16, 1781, to an advocate named 
George Buchan Hepburn. [D. X. 194]. 



Appendix No. 9. 463 

was warm, open and communicative, but reserved in matters 
of confidence." '3 Burgoyne never named him but to praise. 
In his official report to Lord George Germaine, dated Slcenes- 
borough July ii, 1777, the lieutenant-general, in referring to 
the affair at Hubbardton, says : "I have only to add that the 
exertions of Brigadier Fraser on this day were but a continuance 
of that uniform intelligence, activity and bravery, which dis- 
tinguish his character on all occasions, and entitle him to be 
recommended in the most particular manner to his Majesty's 
favour." In his report, dated Albany, Oct. 20, 1777, he paid 
this tribute to the deceased brigadier : — " The British officers 
have bled profusely and most honourably, but the extensive 
merits which marked the public and private character of Briga- 
dier-General Fraser will long remain upon the memory of this 
army, and make his loss a subject of particular regret." 
Finally in the State of the Expedition, page 1 18, when reviewing 
the evidence produced before the committee of the House of 
Commons, General Burgoyne uses this language : — " And here 
I shall finally rest the support I have been so anxious to derive 
from that grave which has been ransacked by my adversaries 
for evidence against me. As a soldier I avow a pride in having 
possessed Brigadier Fraser's esteem. As a defendant I am 
sensible I have dwelt upon it to a fault. The precedent of a 
Chief in Command suffering the comments of an inferior to be 
a test of his actions, requires an apology to my profession. It 
lies in the eminence of my friend's character. ['G. P. 128 : 
L. I. 76. =H. V. 13. 3B. H. "E. Z. 5B. N. App. 32. 
«M. G. 222. 7B. M. 184. «D. R. 9E. Y. 162. '°B. N. 
82, 125. "M. C. 222. '^B. N. 76. 'bB. N. 29.] 



464- Appendix No, 10. 



NO. 10. 

Brig. Gen. Henry Watson Powell. 

Henry Watson Powell was commissioned a lieutenant in the 
46th Foot March lo, 1753. He was promoted to a captaincy 
in the 2d Battalion of the nth Foot Sept. 2, 1756, but upon 
that battalion's being detached from the iith and renumbered 
in 1758, his regimental number became the 64th.' He served 
in the expedition against the French West India Islands' in 
1759, and went with his regiment to America in 1768. June 2, 

1770, he became the major of the 38th Foot, and July 23, 

1 77 1, the lieut. -colonel of the 53d Foot, which was then 
stationed at Minorca.' He accompanied his corps to Canada in 
the spring of 1776, and on June loth, of that year, a few days 
after his arrival. Sir Guy Carleton appointed him a brigadier- 
general and assigned him to the 2d Brigade, which consisted of 
the 34th, 53d, and 20th Regiments. When Gen. Gordon's 
brigade was broken up after the death of that officer, Aug. 
2ist, 1776, the 62d was added to Powell's brigade, and in No- 
vember of that year, upon Gen. Nesbit's death. Gen. Powell 
was transferred to the command of the ist Brigade, consist- 
ing of the 9th, 47th, 31st, and 21st Regiments, save that the 53d 
was substituted for the 21st. 3 Gen. Powell served under Gen. 
Carleton in 1776, and the next year he accompanied Burgoyne. 
In organizing the troops for Burgoyne's expedition in 1777, 
Gen. Powell was assigned to the 2d Brigade, consisting of 
the 20th, 2ist, and 62d Regiments. The 62d was left at 
Ticonderoga, however, with Prince Frederick's (German) Regi- 



Appendix No. lo. 4.65 

ment and a portion of Capt. Borthwick's companv of the 
Royal Artillery, July 5th, when the Americans evacuated that 
fort ; and August loth, Gen. Powell was sent back to assume 
command at that post, his regiment, the 53d, being likewise 
ordered to relieve the 62d. Though he successfully repelled 
the American Col. Brown's attack on Ticonderoga, and for 
four days maintained a gallant defence, the Americans re- 
treating Sept. 22d, yet, inasmuch as a considerable part of four 
companies of the 53d were surprised and captured in the old 
French lines and at the outposts by the American advance and 
a number of American prisoners were recaptured, the affair 
was not one of unmixed satisfaction to either side/ 

When the toils of adversity began to tighten round Bur- 
goyne in October, Gen. Powell was sorely puzzled as to his 
duty ; for though he was out of Sir Guy Carleton's military 
jurisdiction, yet that officer was accessible, while Burgoyne, 
his own proper commander, was not. The following letter, 
therefore, written by Sir Guy to Gen. Powell after Burgoyne's 
surrender, though in ignorance of that event, throws some light 
upon the awkwardness of Powell's situation. The letter reads 
as follows — 

" Quebec 

'' The 20th October, 1777. 

*' Sir. I have this moment received your letter of the i6th 
instant wherein you demand orders from me for your guidance 
in your present emergency. It is impossible that I should give 
orders to you, not alone because the post you are in has been 
taken out of my command, but the distance is too great for my 
being able to judge of the situation of General Burgoyne or of 
59 



466 Appendix No. 10. 

the exigencies of the place you are at which must depend upon 
the other, as if you were subject to my commands ignorant as 
I am of the strength or weakness of your post I should under 
all the other circumstances think it best for his Majesty's ser- 
vice to suffer you to act by your own jadgment, so you will 
therefore easily see the greater necessity there is as matters are, 
for my leaving you to pursue such steps as shall be suggested 
to you by your own prudence and reason. I can only recom- 
mend to you not to balance between two opposite measures 
whereby you may be disabled from following the one or the 
other with advantage, but that either you prepare with vigour 
to put the place in such a situation as to be able to make the 
longest and most resolute defence, or that vou prepare in time to 
abandon it with all the stores while your retreat may be certain. 
Your own sense will tell you that this latter would be a most 
pernicious measure if there be still hopes of General Burgoyne 
coming to your post. 

" I am Sir, &c."5 

Though Sir Guy did not feel at liberty to issue orders to 
Gen. Powell, yet he immediately despatched Gen. Maclean 
with the 31st Regiment, the Royal Highland Emigrants, and a 
detachment of artillery with four guns, to take post and en- 
trench at Chimney Point, near Crown Point, in order to keep 
up communication with Ticonderoga. Two or three weeks 
later Gen. Powell abandoned Ticonderoga and withdrew to 
Canada. After a short tarry at St. John's, he was posted at 
Montreal where he commanded during the winter of 1777-8.* 
Then he was stationed at St. John's, and a letter of his, written 
there Sept. 22. 1780, to Col. Van Schaick, is to be found in 



Appendix No. lo. 4.67 

Stone's Life of Brant, vol. 2, page 130. In the autumn of 
1780, after Lieut. -Colonel Bolton's unfortunate loss on Lake 
Ontario, we find him in command of the upper posts, with his 
headquarters at Niagara. 7 By Gen. Haldimand's order of Oct. 
2ist, 1782, Brig. Gen. Maclean was assigned to the command 
of the upper posts, and Gen. Powell was appointed command- 
ant of Quebec.^ How long he remained at Quebec has not 
been ascertained, but, in 1780, he bought a fine estate on the 
St. Louis road, about a mile from Quebec, to which he 
gave the name of Powell Place, and which he did not dis- 
pose of until 1796, when he sold it to Francis Lehoullier. 
This place was subsequently known as Spencer Wood ; but it 
has since been divided, the larger portion being still known as 
Spencer Wood and serving as the residence of the lieut.- 
governor, while the smaller portion, consisting of about forty 
acres, and known as Spencer Grange, belongs to, and is the 
residence of J. M. Le Moine, Esq., President of the Literary 
and Historical Society of Quebec.^ 

Gen. Powell became a colonel in the army Feb. 19, 1779 ; 
a major-general Nov. 20, 1782 ; the colonel of the 69th Foot 
April 16, 1792; the colonel of the ifth Foot June 20th, 1794, 
[not April 20th, as printed in Burgoyne's Orderly Book]; a 
lieut. -general May 3, 1796; and a general Jan. i, 1801. He 
died at an advanced age at Lyme, England, July 14, 1814.'° 
['B. H. -B. M. 10. 3E. Z: F. E. 7, 38,55. *E. Z. 
5F. C. 89. «F. C. 91, 98, 130: F. E. 85, 89. 7F. K. 494. 
8F. E. 208. 9G. X : G. Y. 76-79. '"E. K. 190.] 



468 Appendix No, 1 1 . 



NO. 11. 

Brig. Gen. James Hamilton. 

There were so many James Hamiltons in the British army 
that it is difficult, if not impossible, to trace the early rank of 
the officer referred to in the text. There was a Capt. James 
Hamilton in the 82d Foot, dating from Nov. 13, 1755, with 
army rank from Oct. 30, 1751. Then there was a Capt. 
James Hamilton in the loth Foot, dating from April 27, 1756 ; 
and besides these there were two Capts. James Hamilton in 
the 34th Foot, one dating from Aug. 25, 1756, with army 
rank from Feb. 28, 1755, and the other from Aug. 30, 1756. 
The annotator of Burgoyne's Orderly Book supposes the next 
to the last mentioned officer to have been the lieutenant-colonel 
of the 2 1 St Foot on Burgoyne's campaign. Presuming that 
supposition to be well founded, it will be proper to remark that 
the 34th formed part of the garrison at Fort St. Philip when 
besieged by the French in June, 1756 : it participated in the 
expedition to St. Malo on the coast of France, in 1758 ; and 
in 1760 it served in the expedition against Belleisle, likewise 
on the coast of France. 

Whatever uncertainty there may be about the subordinate 
rank of the officer referred to in the text, there is none at all 
about that above the grade of captain. He was appointed 
major commandant of the 113th, or Royal Highland Volun- 
teers, Oct. 17, 1761, a new organization then just formed; 
and when it was disbanded at the peace of 1763, he went upon 



Appendix No, ri. 469 

half-pay. He became a lieutenant-colonel in the army May 
25, 1772, and he returned to active service, March ii, 1774, 
as the lieutenant-colonel of the 21st, or Royal North British 
Fuzileers. 

Early in the spring of 1776 he accompanied his regiment to 
Canada to reinforce Gen. Carleton, and he participated in the 
operations of that general during that year against the Amer- 
icans. Sept. 15, 1776, Lieut.-Colonel Hamilton was ordered 
to assume command of Brig.-Gen. Nesbit's, or the First Brigade, 
during the sickness of that officer, and upon Gen, Nesbit's 
death, he was appointed a brigadier by order dated Nov. 5, 
1776, and assigned to the Second Brigade, consisting of the 34th, 
53d, 62d, and 20th Regiments, save that the 21st was substi- 
tuted for the 53d In organizing the troops, in 1777, for Bur- 
goyne's campaign, Gen. Hamilton was assigned to the First 
Brigade, consisting of the 9th, 47th, and 53d Regiments; but 
Aug. loth, the 53d under Gen. Powell, was sent to Ticonderoga 
to relieve the 62d and Gen. Hamilton, who had been left there 
since its capture, and the 1st and 2d Brigades were consolidated 
together, the 47th being detached, six of its battalion companies 
forming a guard for the batteaux, and the other three battalion 
companies doing garrison duty on the islands in Lake George, 
so that Gen, Hamilton's brigade consisted of the 9th, 20th, 
2ist, and 62d Regiments, with Capt. Jones's brigade of guns. 
At Freeman's farm, " Brig.-Gen. Hamilton," in the words of 
Gen. Burgoyne, " was the whole time engaged and acquitted 
himself with great honor, activity and good conduct." At 
Bemus' Heights, Oct. 7th, the guard of the camp upon the 
heights was left to the commands of Brig.-Gens. Hamilton and 
Specht, so he was not as actively engaged as at Freeman's 



47 o Appendix No, 1 1 . 

Farm. After the exchange of Gen. Phillips, Gen. Hamilton 
was the commanding officer of the convention troops ; and 
when in July, 1781, those troops were ordered to be removed 
from Fredericktown, in Maryland, to Yorktown and Lancaster, 
and the officers to be separated from the soldiers and quartered 
at East Windsor, Connecticut, Anburey says, — '*■ Brigadier- 
General Hamilton expressed great displeasure at this separation, 
which is directly against the terms of the convention ; but after 
Congress have broke the most essential point, it is vain to re- 
monstrate against such proceedings. We are now in their 
power, and they act with us as best suits their plan. The 
general gave out in orders, that if it was the desire of the troops, 
he would protest to Congress against the separation ; at the 
same time adding, he well knew it would be in vain. He 
strongly recommended the soldiers to behave in every respect 
the same as if their officers were present, and though separated, 
they should remember that subordination was due to the non- 
commissioned officers, who still had authority over them. The 
general lamented he was unable to furnish supplies of cloathing 
and other necessaries ; therefore directed officers who had the 
payment of companies, to settle the men's accounts, and give 
them their balance to provide themselves, which most o\ them 
will be enabled to do, as the generality have £20 or £30 to 
receive." 

Gen. Hamilton was exchanged Sept. 3, 1781, and returned 
to England. He became a colonel in the army Nov. 17, 1 780 ; 
a major-general Sept. 28, 1787 ; the colonel of the 15th Foot 
Aug. 22, 1792 ; the colonel of the 21st Foot June 20th, 1794 ; 
a lieut. -general Jan. 26, 1797, and a general April 29, 1802. 
He died at his house at Murdustown, July 27, 1803. In a 



Appendix No. 12. 4.71 

notice of his death in the Gentlemaris Magazine, he is called 
Gen. James Inglis Hamilton, but in the Army Lists his name is 
given simply as James Hamilton, and so he signed himself on 
the Cambridge parole.' ["B. H : O, 436: P. 318, 502: B. 
M. 22 : E. C. 791 : K. J. 64 : B. N. App. 49 : F. E. 7, 

38, 55-] 



NO. 13. 

Capt. Boucherville. 

Dr. O'Callaghan, in a note to Burgoyne's Orderly Book, 
following Bibiiud's Le Pantheon Canadien^ seems to think 
that the Capt. Boucherville engaged in Burgoyne's expedition, 
was Rene Antoine de Boucherville, or, as the Abbe Tanguay, 
and the author of the Histolre des Grandes Fatnilles Fran^aises du 
Canada^ more properly call him, as we think, Rene Amable 
de Boucherville. This latter personage was the fourth Seigneur 
de Boucherville, and was the son of Francois Pierre de Bouch- 
erville, third Seigneur de Boucherville, and of Louise Marqruerite 
Raimbault de St. Blain, his wife, and was born at Cadarakui, 
formerly Fort Frontenac, and now Kingston, in the province of 
Ontario, Feb. 12, 1735. 

The third Seigneur's services during the French regime, were 
rewarded with the government of Detroit and the cross of the 
Order of St. Louis ; and lie likewise wrote a book entitled 
Relation des aventures de M. de Boucherville a son retour des 
Sioux en 1728 et '29, suivie d' observation sur les rnoeurs des Sau- 
vages. 



472 Appendix No, 12. 

The fourth Seigneur, like his father, married into the family 
of Raimbault de St. Blain, his wedding with the Mademoiselle 
Madeleine taking place at Montreal, June 6, 1770; and ten 
children were the fruit of the union., six of whom died young. 
He became a member of the Legislative Council of Quebec, and 
likewise held the office of Grand Foyer, or Inspector of Roads. 
He died at Boucherville, near Montreal, Sept. 2d, 1812, and 
his widow survived till August 18, 1825, when she died, aged 
72. One of his sisters was the last wife of La Come St. Luc. 

Bibaud says the fourth Seigneur signalized himself in the first 
American war (the Revolution). The author of the Histoire 
des Grandes Families Franfaises du Canada stales that he quitted 
his hearth-stone to march to the frontier, and thus had the 
honor of contributing to a victory which should have sealed 
the union of the Canadians and the English ; and Dr. 
O'Callaghan writes that he distinguished himself at the siege 
of St. John's. The proof of the Seigneur de Boucherville's 
part in our struggle for independence seems to us by no 
means clear. It is certain that a Canadian officer named 
Boucherville was taken prisoner at St. John's, as an enclosure 
in a letter from Gen. Carleton (to Lord George Germaine 
probably), dated Nov. 5, 1775, a copy of which is in the pos- 
session of the Abbe Verreau, of Montreal, gives a list of Cana- 
dian officers and gentlemen taken prisoners at St. John's, and 
in it is the name of an officer named Boucherville. The 
Bouchervilles were very numerous in Canada, and if the Seig- 
neur de Boucherville engaged in the war, then there was more 
than one captain of that name that participated in it, as Lorimier, 
in the memoir of his service during the American war, in re- 
ferring to the affair at the Cedars, speaks of un Capt. des 



endix No, 13. 47; 



App 

Milices^ Pitre de Boucherville. Whatever the name of the 
Captain Boucherville that accompanied Burgoyne, may have 
been, his company was from the district of Quebec ; and May 
19th, 1777, it was ordered to march with all possible expedi- 
tion to Montreal, there to receive further orders as to its par- 
ticipation in Burgoyne's campaign ; while the following extract 
from a letter written by Sir Guy Carleton to Major-Gen. 
Phillips from Quebec, Nov. 20, 1776, affords some insight into 
its term of service and standard of discipline. •■' If Mr. Monin," 
says the letter, " can raise a compleat company for the ensuing 
campaign I shall approve of its being employed, and if Mr. 
McKay and Mr. Boucherville can do the same it will be agree- 
able to me, and vou mav give such directions for the forwarding 
of them as you shall think necessary, but it must be explained 
to the men that they are engaged for a whole vear, and longer 
if Exigency require it, and that they must be subject to order 
and discipline in like manner as the Regular Troops." [B. 
M: F. T. 307-312: A. X. 38-40: L. O : H. S. 251, 281, 
285: F. B. 270, 271, 473, 498.] 



NO. 13. 

Capt. Alexander Fraser. 

It is said that Alexander Fraser was a nephew of Brig. -Gen. 

Simon Fraser, who was killed at Bemus' Height^, Oct. 7, 

1777. He was commissioned as a lieutenant in the 9th Foot, 

Oct. 25, 1766. He then appeared in the 9th Foot for the 

60 



474- Appendix No. 13. 

first time, but it is impossible to state when he entered the 
British army, owing to the numerous bearers of his name on 
the Army Lists at that period, there being on the half-pay of 
the 78th, or Eraser's Highlanders, three lieutenants and two 
ensigns, named Alexander Fraser, one of whom was, doubtless, 
the subject of this sketch. The Army Lists inform us that he 
was promoted to be capt, -lieutenant of the 9th, May 13, 1776', 
but he was gazetted as capt. -lieutenant of the 20th% and the 
orders printed hereafter, likewise indicate his transfer to that 
regiment. He was transferred to the 34th Foot Nov. 11, 
1776. He was detached from his regimental organization in 
1776 and 1777, and served with the Indians, having been ap- 
pointed Assistant Superintendent of Indian Affairs in Canada.^ 
In 1776 a company of sharpshooters was raised for Capt. 
Fraser, which figured prominently the next year on Burgoyne's 
campaign. In speaking of the battle of Bennington, Gen, 
Burgoyne thus wrote : — '' The number of the British was 
small ; but it was the select light corps of the army, composed 
of chosen men from all the regiments, and commanded by 
Capt. Fraser, one of the most distinguished officers in his line 
of service that ever I met with."^ The order organizing this 
company was as follows : 

" Chambly, bth Sept.^ 1776. 
" The regiments which compose the Brigades of Brig. 
Gen. Nesbit and Powel are each to select one Sergeant one 
Corporal and eight private men. The non comm'd officers to 
be intelligent men. The privates to be taken one man from 
each company. The commanding officers are to take care 
that the capts. give a man of good character, sober, active, 



Appendix No. 13. 475 

robust, healthy. The men are to be provided with a very 
good Firelock and to be in every Respect proper to Form a 
Bodv of Marksmen to be attached to Brig. Gen'l Fraser's 
Corps under the command of Capt. Fraser of the 20th Reg't 
and such Subalterns as the Brigadier General shall appoint 
from his corps. 

" Each reg't to furnish one Tent for the non commissioned 
officers, and two for the private men, with proper camp 
necessaries. 

" An officer from Captain Fraser will go round the Regi- 
ments to receive these different Detachments who are to be 
furnished with Provisions for two Days from their Respective 
Regiments. "5 

May 13th, 1777, Sir Guy Carleton ordered Capt. Fraser to 
report to Gen. Burgoyne " in order to receive his commands 
relative to the assembling the Indians, and such other direc- 
tions as he shall think proper to give you in regard to that 
department."* Anburey, in his Travels, gives us this glimpse 
of Capt. Fraser and some of his Indian subordinates. Writing 
from Montreal under date of May 26, 1777, Anburey says — 
" A few days since I was invited to dine with Captain Frazer, 
who is superintendent over the Indians, and who gave us a dinner 
entirely of wild-meats. Most of the dishes were only to set 
off the table, there being such things there as very few of the 
company could partake of. * * Just as the cloth was removed, 
there came into the room a great number of Indians, (and 
amongst them one very old) who not having much ceremony, 
and seeing the bottles and glasses on the table, would drink 
with us, and began to be extremely troublesome, when Capt. 



476 Appendix No, 13. 

Frazer interfered, and to shew you the controul he has over 
them, the instant he spoke, they quitted the room, but not 
without a present, for I did not understand the Indian language, 
but as I thought, and as he afterwards told us he was obliged 
to order his servant to give them a bottle of rum. * * We had 
scarcely drank five glasses, after Captain Frazer had finished 
his narration, when the Indians returned, upon a pretence of 
business to him, which was no other than that of procuring 
more rum, which Captain Frazer refusing them, they grew ex- 
tremely troublesome, and what, with the liquor they had already 
drank, were much beyond any controul, for they paid no at- 
tention to Captain Frazer, who, finding he could not pacify, 
or any way get rid of them, made us an apology, and the com- 
pany broke up." 

Capt. Phraser served throughout Burgoyne's campaign, but, 
doubtless, returned to Canada, just on the eve of Burgoyne's 
surrender, with the Provincial and Canadian corps, as he served 
in Canada during the remainder of the Revolutionary war, 
and mention of him as Judge Advocate of Courts Martial there, 
has more than once been found. ? 

He became a major in the army Nov. i8, 1790, and a lieut.- 
colonel March i, 1794. He was appointed the lieut. -colonel 
of the 45th Foot Sept. i, 1795, and he appears in the Army 
Lists for the last time in 1797.' ['B. H. =M. G. 165. ^Y . B. 
278: F. C. 133. "B. N. 13. sF. E. 40. ^F. B. 482. ^F. E. 
39. 100.] 



Appendix No. 14.. 477 

NO. 14. 

Lieut. Colonel John Peters, 
Queen's Loyal Rangers. 
John Peters was born at Hebron, Connecticut, in 1740^, and 
was the son of John Peters, " who was an inveterate Re- 
publican and a confirmed Rebel,"— in the words of the Rev. 
Samuel Peters, the author of the History of Connecticut, and 
a brother of the elder Peters, and hence an uncle of the subject 
of this sketch. John Peters, referred to in the text, was a 
cousin, likewise, of the John S. Peters who was governor of 
Connecticut. He graduated at Yale College in the class of 
1759, became a lawyer, and, in 1766, removed with his 
family from Hebron to Gloucester County, New York, or the 
Hampshire Grants, afterwards a part of Vermont, where he 
erected some mills and cultivated his lands. He held various 
civil offices at his new place of abode.' He was commissioned 
a justice of the peace March 16, 1770, and county clerk, 
and clerk of the Court of Common Pleas on the next day. 
March 5, 1772, he was re-commissioned as county clerk, and 
Apr-il 10, 1772, he became one of the assistant justices of the 
Inferior court of Common Pleas." On the 28th of the same 
month of April he became the colonel of a regiment of militia, 
and Oct. 26, 1774', he was re-commissioned as a justice of 
the peace anJ was also appointed a judge of the Interior 
Court of Common Pleas.' In 1774 he represented Gloucester 
County as a member of the provincial congress, but he never 
believed in independence, and while on his way to congress he 



^7 8 Appendix No. 14.. 

told his uncle, Samuel Peters, " that Independence was the 
view of many people, especially of the Dissenting Ministers and 
Smuggling Merchants ; but if he should find the Congr^s 
inclined that way he would leave them and return home;" 
and he subsequently wrote his uncle from Philadelphia, " that 
Independence was the sole aim of Congress, and to cover 
their design had enjoined an oath of secrecy upon each member, 
which he had refused and was then about to return home." 
In a memorial to the Lords of the Treasury he wrote of this 
period as follows — "that in the year 1772 (he) was appoint'd 
by the Governor of New York, Colonel of the Militia, a Judge 
of the Court of Quarter Sessions and Common Pleas, Surrogate 
and Register of the County of Gloucester, in the Province of 
New York, in which offices he continued to serve his Majesty 
till 1776, when after being often Mobbed and once imprisoned 
by the Malcontents he quitted his Family, Property, and Offices 
and fled to Canada to avoid Personal Danger and to Support 
the British Cause against its Enemies."' 

He was in Canada as early as June 30, 1776, as shown by 
the following letter from one of Sir Guy Carleton's stafF to 
Major French : — 

Chambly, 30//;' y««^, 1776- 
'* Sir: This will be delivered to you by a Mr. John Peters 
and a Joseph Skinner, who have just left the Rebels, the first 
having been among them some time, as he says, only to seek 
an opportunity of escaping into a place of safety, from the 
persecution of the Emissaries of the Congress, as he is at this 
time a Colonel of Militia in the province of New York and a 
friend of government, and he has never held any Commission 



Appendix No. 14.. 479 

or employment under the Rebels ; he says he is acquainted 
with a Mr. Finlay, a Mr. Hay, Merchants at Montreal, and 
Mr. Ferries, an Innkeeper, and President of the seminary, 
people who all know the truth of his assertions : The 
General has therefore allowed the said Peters and Skinner, 
who has been a Surgeon's mate amongst the Rebels, but had 
served against his inclination, to go to Montreal, and have it 
in command to acquaint you that they may reside there, at 
Liberty, provided their behaviour is conformable to their pro- 
fessions, and that upon inquiry you find the gentlemen whom 
Peters names, confirm the story in any degree. "3 

Peters himself says that he went as a volunteer with Gen. 
Carleton on Lake Champlain in the autumn of 1776.' In 1777 
he was promised a lieutenant-colonel's commission when he 
should have raised two-thirds of a battalion*, and under such 
promise he assumed command of a skeleton battalion called 
the Queen's Loyal Rangers, in the hope of recruiting it suffic- 
iently to entitle him to demand the redemption of the promise. 
Instead of strengthening his corps by the accession of loyalists 
at Bennington where he was sent with Baum, it was very 
badly cut up and depleted there. A monthly return of the 
Queen's Loyal Rangers commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel 
John Peters, Zadock Wright, Major, Justus Sherwood, 
Jeremiah French, David McFall, captains,— made Aug. 7, 
1777, shows 262 men. After this return Simeon Covil, 
Andrew Palmitier, Francis Hogeland and James Pennock, 
captains, with above 190 men, many of whom, however, 
according to Lieutenant-Colonel Peters, were not mustered for 
lack of time, joined the regiment and were in the battle of 
Bennington. After the battle the monthly return of Oct. 2d, 



480 Appendix No, 14. 

1777, was 154 remaining of the 452 j consequently 298 men 
were killed, wounded and made prisoners, or deserted. Gen. 
Burgoyne thanked Peters for his bravery and good conduct on 
his return to Saratoga, and he served throughout the campaign, 
taking part in its various actions ; and, according to Burgoyne, 
he "•' behaved with great spirit and zeal upon all occasions." On 
the night before the Saratoga Convention was signed, Peters 
and the other Provincial officers, who were serving without 
commissions, were granted permission to withdraw from 
Burgoyne's army and attempt, if possible, their escape into 
Canada, which was accomplished in safety. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Peters, in his memorial to the Lords of 
the Treasury, which has before been referred to, proceeds in 
this wise: — "Your iMemorialist on his return to Canada, 
from the disastrous events at Bennington and Saratoga, was 
allowed nine Shillings per diem on the Subsistence List by 
Sir Guy Carleton, till an Official return should be made by 
General Burgoyne, and the said Subsistence Money since con- 
tinued was to be considered as part pay on the Commission of 
Lieut. Colonel of the Queen's Loyal Rangers. 

" Your Memorialist at a Board of Commissioners appointed 
by Gen. Haldimand in 1780, was allowed his Pay as Lieut.- 
Col°. Commandant of the Queen's Loyal Rangers, to October 
24th, 1777, except Bat and forrage, and Warrant Money, which 
was not allowed by the Commissioners in Consequence of 
Gen. Haldimand's instructions, although General Burgoyne 
(in General Orders) had promised the same pay to the Loyal 
Provincials as the King's Troops received. 



Appendix No. 14. 4-81 

'* Your Memorialist continued to serve and Inlist Men as 
Lieut -Colonel Commandant of the Queen's Loyal Rangers, 
from his first appointment in 1777 till November I2th, 1778, 
when General Haldimand was pleased (in General Orders) to 
appoint Lieut. Colonel John Peters (of the Queen's Loyal 
Rangers) ' as Capt. of Invalids,' and since that time Gen. 
Haldimand as your Memorialist is informed has returned 
' Lieutenant Col°. John Peters' for reasons unknown to your 
Memorialist to the Secretary of States Office as Cap', in Major 
Edward Jessup's Corps, and not as Lieu'. Colonel of the 
Queen's Loyal Rangers. 

" Your Memorialist therefore prays your Lordship to take 
his Case into consideration, and to give him that Justice which 
his Services and Commission as Lieutenant Colonel Com- 
mandant of the Queen's Loyal Rangers merrit— humblv con- 
ceiving that the Justice of the British Nation will place him on 
the List of half-Pay as Lieu'. Colonel and not as Captain only 
in Major Edward Jessups Corps, and that if his Excellency 
General Haldimand had meant in his Return to degrade your 
Memorialist, his Excellency would first have taken care by a 
Court-martial to have had him Cashiered.'" 

By an " Abstract of Sub'" claimed by the several Corps of 
Loyalists for the Campaign 1777 under Lieut. Gen" Burgoyne 
and likewise private claims for prov'^ furnished to his army as 
adjudged by a Board of Officers assembled at St. John's in 
February 1781," <£664.ii.52 was allotted " To John Peters, 
Esq., Sub'" for the Corps under his Command per acc't."s 
By a warrant, evidently ante-dated Quebec, July 19, 1779, 
issued by order of Gen. Haldimand for the payment of 
61 



4-82 Appendix No. 14.. 

£1634.8.10, " being the allowance made for the present relief 
of several Corps of Royalists belonging to Gen. Burgoyne's 
Army, and sundry other persons who have taken refuge in this 
province from the Rebellious Colonies between the 25tii June 
and 24th August 1779, inc.," £299.7.8, was paid to "Mr. 
Peters' Party," consisting of 61 men ; and of this amount £30 
each, was paid to John Peters, Zadock Wright, Justus Sher- 
wood and Francis Hogal.^ 

Gen. Haldimand, clearly, did not have a high opinion of 
Peters' military talents, as he wrote to Lord George Germaine 
from Quebec, 13th Sept., 1779, as follows: "The case of 
Colonel Peters shall also be inquired into. I believe him an 
honest man, and a good subject, but he was not reported to 
me, nor have I found him the able Partizan he is represented 
to your Lordship."7 This opinion may account for Haldi- 
mand's appointing Major Edward Jessup to the command, 
when, in the latter part of 1781, he formed a new corps out of 
former loyalists corps in Canada, an act of which Lt.-Col. 
Peters, as we have seen, strongly complained. In the list of 
the officers of that corps, with the dates of their commissions, 
under the head of " Invalids," appears the name of " Lieut.- 
Col. John Peters as Captain i8th Nov., 1781."^ 

Hard, indeed, was the lot of the loyalists in the Revolution 
after the war was over, and Lieut. -Colonel Peters' experience 
is a fair illustration of the treatment they received. His prop- 
erty in Gloucester County was confiscated by the Americans, 
as he was included in the New York Bill of Attainder. Unable 
to obtain even the pay due him for his military services, much 
less his promised commission from the English officials, through 



Appendix No. 15. 483 

an agent in London, Lieut. -Colonel Peters left his family -.t 
Cape Breton, where he had settled after the war, and went 
himself to England in 1785, but met with no better success. 
He remained there about three years vainly urging his claims 
for compensation for the losses of his estate before the " Com- 
missioners of American Claims," and for his seven years back 
pay as lieutenant-colonel of the Loyal Rangers. Burgoyne 
never having given the Provincial officers their commissions, 
the pay office declined to pay till the commissions were pro- 
duced ; thus the unfortunate men were defrauded. He never 
returned to America, but died at Paddington, London, of gout 
in the head and stomach, while still pressing his claim. He 
left a wife and eight children. 9 ['G. R. 686-692. 'F. N. 
App. 769. 3F. B. 47. tB. N. 102, App. 20. ^¥. G. 94. 
«F. F. 150-154. 7F. H. 134. «F. E. i8r. ^K V. V., 183.] 



NO. 15. 

HUBBARDTON AND CoL. HaLE. 

The seventy Americans captured by the stratagem of the 
British officer with fifteen men, can, we think, refer only to 
Col. Nathan Hale and a part of the Second New Hampshire 
Regiment ; for no considerable number of the Americans sur- 
rendered in a body on the retreat from Hubbardton, other than 
he and a portion of his battalion. 

Col. Nathan Hale, the youngest son of Moses Hale, by his 
wife, Elizabeth Wheeler, was born in Hampstead, N. H., 



484 Appendix No. 15. 

Sv>pt. 23, 1 743 ; removed with his father to Rindge about 1 760 ; 
married Abigail, daughter of Col. John and Joanna [Boynton] 
Grout, of Lunenburg, Mass., Jan. 28, 1766 ; was the first con- 
stable of Rindge at its organization in 1768 ; was moderator of 
the annual town meetings in 1773, 1774 and 1775; was cap- 
tain of a company of minute men in 1774. ; marched his com- 
pany to Cambridge on the alarm of the battle of Lexington in 
April, 1775 ; was commissioned major of the 3d New Hamp- 
shire Regiment June 2, 1775, lieut. -colonel of the 2d New 
Hampshire Nov. 8, 1776, and colonel April 2, 1777. He was 
at Bunker Hill in 1775, and served under Washington, in 
1776, in New York and New Jersey. He was with St. Clair, 
in 1777, at Ticonderoga until its evacuation, and he was taken 
prisoner at Hubbardton.' 

Col. Hale was a most unfortunate officer, as his conduct in 
two actions was questioned. In the first he was fully vin- 
dicated ; but he died under a cloud, a prisoner, after having 
been arrested for treason, and without having been brought to 
trial, — no opportunity having been afi^orded him to clear himself 
of the charges against him. March 29th, 1 777, the New Hamp- 
shire legislature raised a committee " to make Enquiry into the 
character of Colonel Nathan Hale as to his behaviour in the 
late action at Trenton, and to report thereon." The journal of 
the New Hampshire House of Representatives for Tuesday, 
April 1st, 1777, contains this record : " The Com'tee appointed 
to make enquiry into the character of Col°. Nathan Hale as to 
his behaviour in the late action at Trentown (Princetown) and 
elsewhere made report : 

" That nothing appears to your Com'tee against the char- 



Appendix No. 15. 485 

acter of the said Col°. Hale as an officer in the engagement 
at Trentown or elsewhere. 

"■ Signed 

" N. Oilman, Ch'". 

" Which report being read, Voted That the same be not re- 
ceived, but that it be Dismist." 

The next day, April 2d, 1777, the legislature, " Voted, 
That Col°. Nathan Hale be & hereby is appointed Colonel of 
the Continental Battalion lately commanded by Col°. Enoch 
Poor, who is advanced."" 

Hadden's version confirms Ethan Allen's statement, that 
Hale surrendered to " an inconsiderable number of the enemy " ; 
for Allen, in writing of the affair at Hubbardton, says : — "It 
was by this time dangerous for those of both parties who were 
not prepared for the world to come ; but Col. Hale being 
apprised of the danger, never brought his regiment to the 
charge, but left Warner and Francis to stand the blowing of 
it, and fled, but luckily fell in with an inconsiderable number of 
the enemy, and to his eternal shame, surrendered himself a 
prisoner. "3 A letter, evidently written by a member of Col. 
Cilley's New Hampshire Regiment (which was on the retreat 
from Ticonderoga, but not in the engagement at Hubbardton), 
dated Moses' Creek, July 17th, 1777, and indorsed, " Letter 
from Cogan to Gen'l John Stark," &c., to be found in vol. 8, 
of the New Hampshire State Papers, page 640, gives a very 
graphic account of the disorder and confusion attending the 
retreat from Ticonderoga. Although his regiment was not in the 
action, Cogan writes as if he had been ; and undoubtedly many, 



486 Appendix No. 15. 

who had straggled from their regiments, were with the rear- 
guard. The letter is as follows : — 

" Moses Creek, July 17, 1777. 
" Dear Colonel. 

"Our situation puts me in mind of what I have heard you 
often say of Ticonderoga. Such a Retreat was never heard of 
since the Creation of the world, I was ordered about five of 
the Clock in the afternoon to diaw forty-eight Rounds pr man : 
afterwards, nine days allowance of provision which I compleated 
about 2 of the clock in the morning, and about the time I got 
home the Tents were struck, and all was ordered to retreat ; 
but it was day light before we got below your old house ; such 
order surprised both officers & soldiers ; then they wished for 
General Sullivan to the Northern army again ; they left all 
the Continental cloathing there ; in short every article that 
belonged to the army ; which if properly conducted might be 
easily saved. Surely we were fifty thousand times better off 
than General Sullivan was in Canada last year ; our men was 
in high spirits, and determined to a man to stick by the lines 
till they lost their lives, rather than quit so advantageous a 
Post ; Drove us a long two or three & thirty miles that day, 
till the Rear Guard got to Bowman's Camp ; the men being 
so fatigued were obliged to stay, and were attacked in the morn- 
ing by the Regulars, who travell'd all Night, and just got up 
by the time we were beginning to march in a disorderly manner j 
our men being in confusion, and made no great of a Battle. 
But some behaved & some did not. Col°. Reed acted his part 
very well. Col". Hale they said did not. Col°. Hale is either 
kill'd or taken. Little Dwyer behaved like a lusty fellow & 



Appendix No. 15. 4-^7 

died in the Bed of Honour ; as nearly as I could conjecture, 

we had odds of a thousand that attacked them ; our main body 

was within six miles of us, the Indians took & killed a vast 

number of our men on their Retreats ; then was hurried at an 

unmerciful rate thro' the woods at the rate of thirty-five miles a 

day, oblidg'd to kill oxen belonging to the Inhabitants wherever 

we got them ; before they were half-skinned every soldier was 

oblidged to lake a bit & half Roast it over the fire, then before 

half done was oblidged to March,— it is thought we went lOO 

miles for fear of seeing a Regular (I mean out of the way) 

there never was a field officer consulted, whether we should 

retreat or not, which makes them very uneasy ; so that the 

blame of our Retreat must fall on our Commanders ; never 

was soldiers in such a condition without cloaths, victuals or 

drink & constantly wet. Caleb* and I are just as our mothers 

bore us without the second shirt, the second pair of shoes, 

stockings or coats, — but however its all in the Continent^j/.f 

Caleb does vastly better than he ever did with you. Col°. 

Cilley is very fond of us. Indeed, I suppose we are pretty 

diligent for the most part. Give my compliments to Peggy, 

Arch & Jenny & Martha. 

" I am Respects Yours, &c., 

" N. B. The officers lost their Bnggage, writings & all. The 
Rear Guard were mostly Invalids, and our Gen" took away 
the main Body, and even refused to send assistance when the 
Cols, begged him to do it." 

"Indorsed — * Letter from Cogan to Gen' John Stark,' &c." 

* " Caleb was the eldest son of Gen. John Stark. — Ed. 
I «« This word is mutilated. 



488 Appendix No. 15. 

Gen. Stark in writing to the New Hampshire Committee of 
Safety from Charlestown, No. 4, July 30th, 1777, thus refers 
to the preceding letter : " As you informed me when I saw you 
last, that you had not received any account from any Gentle- 
man in the army since the desertion of Ticonderoga, I likewise 
inclose you a Copy of a letter I received from Mr. Coggan 
and by the best information is as near the truth as any you may 
receive. I have shewed it to Col°. Bellows and a number of 
other officers that was present, and they say they could all 
sign it."" 

Col. Hale left Ticonderoga for his home in Rindge, July 20, 
1777, on a limited parole, not to serve again until exchanged. 
A letter from Gen. Lincoln, dated Bennington, Aug. 25, 1777, 
to the " Council of New Hampshire " contains these sentences : 
" On the 24th I received an order from Gen. Gates in the 
words following : ' Gen. Gates desires Gen. Lincoln will send 
a letter to the State of New Hampshire to have Colonel Hale 
immediately apprehended, and brought prisoner to Albany, to 
answer an accusation of high treason exhibited against him.' 
I must. Gentlemen, intreat your aid in this matter and that 
Colonel Hale may be sent to Albany agreeable to the above 
request." In compliance with this request the Committee of 
Safety ordered the arrest of Col. Hale, Sept. 4th. s No trial or 
examination seems to have been had, so far as we can ascertain, 
and Col. Hale remained at Rindge till June 14, 1779, when, 
not having been exchanged, he returned within the enemy's 
lines, pursuant to his parole ; and he remained a prisoner till 

his death at New Utrecht, Long Island, Sept. 23, 1780.' 
If Col. Hale was arrested for his conduct at Hubbardton, the 

charge of cowardice, rather than treason, would seem to have 



Appendix No, 15. 489 

been the most proper one. The preceding is all we have been 
able to find derogatory to Col. Hale, except the mere repetition 
of later writers ; and an unfortunate uncertainty hangs over 
him. 

Col. Hale has zealous defenders in Mr. Ezra S. Stearns, in 
his History of Rindge, N. H., pages 148 to 155, and in the Hon. 
Winslow C. Watson, in his History of Essex County, N. Y., 
pages 183 to 185, and also in an article in The American 
Historical Record for 1873, P^g^s 455 to 460. We should 
infer that neither of these gentlemen had seen the papers printed 
in vol. 8, of the New Hampshire State Papers, as neither refer 
to Cogan's, or Coggan's, letter, reinforced by the one from Stark, 
or to the fact that Col. Hale was ordered under arrest by 
Gen. Gates ; both treating Ethan Allen's charge against Hale 
as the only tangible one to their knowledge. 

Mr. Watson has neglected to give his authority for the state- 
ment that Col. Hale, on his retreat, " was intercepted by a 
British column ;'" and we have been able to find none for it. 
If we understand the testimony of the Earl of Balcarres, and of 
the Earl of Harrington, then Lord Petersham*, both British partic- 
ipants in the battle, there was no pursuit beyond Hubbardton. 
According to Anburey, there could have been no pursuit after 
the battle, at least by anything worthy the name of a column ; 
and he, at that time, was serving as a volunteer in Lord Peter- 
sham's company — the grenadiers of the 29th. This author 
speaks of the grenadiers pursuing into the woods a party of 
Americans that had fired upon them, and to whom they gave 
no quarter ; but this was a part of the battle, more or less of 
which took place in the woods ; and he says, alluding to the 
62 



49 o Appendix No. 15. 

Americans, " even after the action was over, there were lurking 
parties hovering about the woods." Anburey further says : 
" When General Fraser had posted the corps in an advanta- 
geous state of defence, and made some log works, as he ex- 
pected we should be attacked, his next thoughts were, how to 
refresh the men after the fatigues of the day, provisions being 
unable to be forwarded, on account of the country's being very 
hilly ; a detachment was sent to shoot some bullocks that were 
running in the woods, these were distributed in ratios to the 
men, which they eat, dressed upon wood ashes, without either 
bread or salt." "> Gen. Phaser's expectation of being attacked 
seems to have been one reason why no pursuit was made ; and 
the fatigue of his men, who were without provisions, was un- 
doubtedly another. The cattle party, or a portion of it, referred 
to in the above extract, was, doubtless, the very one that 
Hadden speaks of as capturing Hale. We think it is clear from 
Anburey, and indeed from the necessities of the case, that the 
cattle party was sent out very soon after the engagement ; but 
whether it was or not, may not be important, as we do not 
know when Hale was captured, or how soon the fatigue of his 
men lulled them into a sufficient sense of security to allow 
them to lag upon the road, or to halt to rest. 

In weighing the evidence upon this matter of Col. Hale's con- 
duct at Hubbardton, too much stress must not be laid upon the 
mere fact of personal presence or absence of the writers at or 
from the battlefield ; for of those present in the action but very 
few, comparatively, could speak of their own personal knowledge 
anv more positively than if they had been a hundred miles 
away. Whoever has been in action knows, from experience, 
how very limited, at best, is the range of one's observation; and 



Appendix No. 15. 491 

when coupled with the utter occupation of mind and thought 
with what is passing close at hand, even that narrow possible 
rano-e of vision becomes contracted indeed. Contemporaries 
enjoying opportunities of converse with those present who 
saw whereof they affirmed, are far more full and valuable upon 
a given point, than those who, though present, attempt to 
describe of their own knowledge what they did not see, for 
they had no personal knowledge ; and, if these latter describe 
at all, they must necessarily relate from hearsay, and hence, 
are on no better footing than persons not present, who enjoyed 
opportunities of gleaning from those who were both present 
and happened to see the particular point in hand. The two 
British officers, Hadden and Anburey, furnish good illustrations 
of this. Hadden was an artillery officer, and, there being no 
artillery at Hubbardton, of course was not present in that engage- 
ment, though he had ample opportunities of conversing with the 
British officers of Eraser's Brigade, when it rejoined the main 
army. Anburey, as we have seen, was a volunteer in the 
grenadiers of the 29th Foot, which took an active part in the 
action at Hubbardton. Hadden tells us that a British officer 
with fifteen men, by a ruse, captured seventy rebels, as he terms 
the Americans ; and this is in accord with Ethan Allen's state- 
ment. Anburey says, vol. I, p. 335 : " After the action was 
over, a Colonel with the remains of his regiment, to the amount 
of 230, came and surrendered himself prisoners." These 
are the only two accounts of just how Hale was captured, that 
have come down to us ; and there can be no question that the 
version of the relator not in the action, is more reliable than 
that of the one that was there present. No other author than 
Anburey, puts the number of prisoners taken with Hale at more 



4-92 Appendix No, 15. 

than 100. Burgoyne says the whole number of prisoners cap 
tured at Hubbardton was only 210 ; and Capt. Enos Stone of 
Col. Francis' regiment, the iith Massachusetts, who was him- 
self a prisoner, gives it at 219^; and we know there were many 
captured from other regiments than Hale's, If Hale volun- 
tarily sought the British and surrendered himself and the 
remnant of his command, as Anburey would lead us to infer, 
then it is no wonder that he was ordered to be arrested for 
treason. No one besides Anburey, that we can discover, 
however, imputes any such conduct to Hale ; and though 
this writer was present in the action and is reliable on many 
points, his statement in regard to Hale is not from the proba- 
bilities of the case, coupled with what facts are fully established, 
nearly as worthy of credit as are the statements of Hadden and 
Allen. 

We believe that Hadden's version of the manner of Hale's 
capture, corroborated as it is, in a measure, by Ethan Allen, an 
American contemporary, is practically correct ; but, while it is 
clear that Hale won no laurels at Hubbardton, yet, whether 
he is justly open to Allen's fierce denunciation on account 
of his capture, admits of very great doubt. Ethan Allen was 
constitutionally rash — indeed, utterly reckless — and his preju- 
dices would be roused against, and his charity entirely withheld 
from, the victim of such a ruse as was practised upon Hale ; so 
that no combination of adverse circumstances would serve in 
his mind to extenuate Hale, or to soften his judgment. This 
trait in Allen's character operated most injuriously against the 
American cause in Canada, and resulted in his own capture 
with a handful of men, before Montreal, in 1775. This dan- 
gerous characteristic was well known to the men who knew 
Allen best, for " the Committee of the several townships on 



Appendix No. 15. 493 

the west side of the range of Green Mountains," when assenn- 
bled at Dorset in July, 1775, declined to nominate him to 
command the regiment of Green Mountain Boys; the vote 
standing 41 for Seth Warner, to 5 for Allen, though the latter's 
zeal and activity in raising the corps had entitled him to believe 
that he would be selected for the first position, and Warner for 
the second, instead of being ignored entirely, 9 Gen. Schuyler, 
in writing to the president of Congress from Ticonderoga, 
Oct. 5, 1775, after Allen's fiasco before Montreal, gives this 
unflattering estimate of Allen : " I am very apprehensive of dis- 
af^reeable consequences arising from Mr. Allen's imprudence. 
I always dreaded his impatience of subordination ; and it was 
not until after a solemn promise, made in the presence of several 
officers, that he would demean himself properly, that I would 
permit him to attend the Army ; nor would I have consented 
then, had not his solicitations been backed by several officers,"'" 
An unfortunate uncertainty exists as to the exact part Hale 
acted at Hubbardton. Cogan's allusion in his letter, to Hale's 
conduct, is too general to be very strong or authoritative ; and 
it is by no means clear that the officers, whom Stark says con- 
firmed his statements, meant to refer at all to the single hearsay 
remark about Hale, but only to the general disorder, confusion 
and hardship of the retreat from Ticonderoga, which made up 
the substance of the letter. Had the charge of treason, upon 
a sober consideration, had any foundation, even in cowardice, 
some light, certainly, it would seem, would have been afforded 
us by a trial or examination ; but only a dead blank greets us. 
Had Hale behaved unquestionably bad, as Allen asserts, surely 
the evidence could not have been suppressed to posterity ; 
and yet, where one would expect a flood of light, only an uncer- 



494- ~ Appendix No. 15. 

tain glimmer is given us. It is as confusing as it is surprising, 
that where a question was raised, or could have been raised, in 
regard to the conduct of one of the only three colonels at Hub- 
bardton, so little authentic information in regard to it is to be 
found. The newspapers of the day", — Warner, the immediate 
commander at Hubbardton", — St. Clair, who commanded ail the 
retreating troops from Ticonderoga, — the only three American 
participants in the action leaving journals or diaries that have 
come down to us — all preserve an utter silence as to any mis- 
behaviour on the part of Hale; while some of them reflect 
upon others they deemed blameable. The Continental 'Journal 
for July 24, 1777, and the Boston Gazette for July 28, 1777, 
contain the following extract in regard to Hubbardton, from a 
letter from Albany dated July 14, 1777, viz : — " Never did nor 
can troops behave better than ours on this occasion. We how- 
ever lost some brave officers, among whom is Col. Francis 
from Massachusetts. This gentleman behaved like a hero ; 
and so did the rest of the officers in general." Gen. Schuyler 
wrote to Col. Warner from Fort Edward, July 15th, 1777, as 
follows — " I am favored with yours of yesterday. * * 
Thank the troops in my name for behaving so well as you say 
they did at Hubbard Town."'^ Warner certainly must have 
known whether Hale and his regiment behaved well or ill ; and 

it. Capt. Moses Greenleaf of Col. and Francis' regiments were in Brig. 

Ebenezer Francis' regiment, the nth Gen. Patterson's brigade. How it hap- 

Massachusetts, says that on July 6th, pened that Hale's regiment took the 

1777, 'hat being the day after the night place of Brewer's, and why Gen. Patter- 

Ticonderoga was evacuated, " our Bri- son was not in command of his brigade 

gade March'd in the rear this day." Ac- that day, especially when it was perform- 

cording to Gen. St. Clair's order of ing so important a duty as covering a 

Jurie 13, 1777, brigading the troops, retreat, we have not been able to ascer- 

Hale was in Brig. Gen. DeRoche Fer- tain. [E. X : H. U.] 
moy's brigade ; and Warner's, Brewer's 



Appendix No. 15. 495 

had either behaved badly, truth would not have permitted him to 
make such a report to his superior officer as would have elicited 
the above reply from Schuyler. 

Agam, if Hale misbehaved as grossly as Allen asserts, it is 
truly extraordinary that we have been informed of the unusual 
display of emotion on the part of Warner when Francis' regi- 
ment broke, but that no expression of disappointment or disap- 
proval has come down to us when Hale retired ; for it must be 
remembered that all three of the American regiments were, 
sooner or later, forced to retire ; Warner's being the last. Chip- 
man, who knew Warner personally, says: " Warner was dis- 
tinguished for his cool courage, and perfect self possession, on 
all occasions. But in one instance, was he ever known to be 
agitated for a moment, or deprived of self possession, by any 
disastrous occurrence, however sudden and unexpected. In 
the battle at Hubbardton, Francis' regiment gave way, owing, 
as it afterwards appeared, to the loss of their Colonel, Warner 
had repulsed the enemy, who had rallied and renewed the 
charge, but were again brouiht to a stand by a deadly fire from 
his Green Mountain Boys. At this anxious and exciting 
moment, Warner saw Francis' regiment retreating and the 
battle lost. This was too much even for the nerve of War- 
ner. He dropped down upon a log by which he stood and 
poured out a torrent of execrations upon the flying troops ; 
but he instantly rose, and in a most collected manner, ordered 
his regiment to Manchester. "'3 

Another strange circumstance connected with this affair, if 
Hale justly deserves Allen's censure, is that Gen. St. Clair 
who commanded at Ticonderoga, and therefore was in the 



49 6 Appendix No. 15. 

general command of all the troops on the retreat, criticises 
Warner, first, for halting at Hubbardton over night, and 
secondly, having halted there, for not resuming his march earlier 
the next morning. He also reflects severely upon Colonels 
Bellovi's and Alcott for not obeying his orders to reinforce Col. 
Warner."* Nowhere, however, does St. Clair throw out so 
much as an insinuation against Col. Hale ; but, on the contrary, 
he indulges in a general praise of the troops at Hubbardton 
that would include Hale and his regiment. In writing to Gen. 
Schuyler, July 8th, St. Clair says of those troops, — " they 
made a very obstinate defence, and I have good reason to think, 
killed and wounded a great number of the enemy." Again he 
says of them, in a letter to Gov. Bowdoin, dated July 9th, — 
"they defended themselves very well, and though obliged to 
retreat, killed and wounded a great many of the enemy." 
Finally, in writing to Washington July 17th, he says, — "they 
sustained the attack with great bravery, but were finally obliged 
to give way. "'5 

Neither Capt. Moses Greenleaf, nor Capt. Enos Stone, 
both of Col. Francis' regiment, the latter of whom was taken 
prisoner at Hubbardton, nor Ebenezer Fletcher, a fifer in 
Capt. Carr's company in Col. Hale's regiment, who was also 
taken prisoner there, make any disparaging allusion to Col. Hale 
in their several journals or diaries. Belknap, the historian of 
New Hampshire, who lived during the Revolution, and in 
his own words [vol. 2, page 332, note] had "an intimate ac- 
quaintance with many persons, of all ranks, who were instru- 
mental of conducting the American revolution, through all its 
stages," and was favored with " a perusal of many of their 
confidential letters" [vol. 2, page 411], must have known the 



Appendix No, 15. 497 

truth, whatever it was, about so prominent a person as the 
colonel of one of the Continental battalions from New Hamp 
shire, and though he speaks of Hubbardton and Hale's capture, 
yet he writes nothing about any misconduct, 

Stearns, in his History of Rindge, page i 50, in writing of Col. 
Hale, says with much force,—'' While visiting his family on 
parole he was received with kindness and honor by his neigh- 
bours and acquaintances. He was not only a participant in 
the town-meetings held during the continuance of his parole, 
but on two occasions he was appointed on important commit- 
tees. Without the concurring testimony of tradition, this 
fact is convincing evidence that his townsmen saw nothing in 
his conduct to question or condemn. It is not to be presumed 
that in a town-meeting they would have recognized with favor 
any citizen who had been guilty of unbecoming conduct in 
presence of the enemy, except through ignorance, and this they 
could not plead, since Lieut. James Crumbie, an officer in 
Hale's regiment, and present at the battle of Hubbardston, 
had been at home several months before these meetings were 
held ; and many others had returned from a service in which 
they were associated with the men in Hale's battalion, and 
could not have failed in a knowledge of his misconduct, if such 
had been current in the regiment." Stearns likewise says on 
page i54,_-As soon as Col. Hale was apprized of these 
charges, he firmly invited the most rigid examination of his 
conduct, and made an instant appeal to General Washington 
for an exchange and an opportunity of vindicating his character 
before a court martial, affirming in the language of presump- 
tive innocence, his ability to successfully defend himself against 
any charges that could be made against him. His early death 
63 



49 8 Appendix No. 15. 

arrested all proceedings in answer to his appeal. It should not 
be forgotten that, dying within the enemy's lines, he never had 
an opportunity of vindicating his conduct before his country- 
men or a military tribunal, or to refute an ex parte charge con- 
cerning which his lips were sealed. The animus of the attack 
upon Col. Hale is not clearly discerned through the accumu- 
lating mist of a century ; but no evidence appears except his 
own conjecture in his appeal to Washington, that it originated 
in the jealousy of his inferior officers. It is certain that the 
accusation, whatever may have been its source, has never been 
sustained by the production, or even promise, of evidence," &c. 
It is to be regretted that the exact terms of Hale's applica- 
tion to Washington have not been given, so that each might 
judge for himself of their significance. As the order for Hale's 
arrest for treason was made September 4, I777» and he re- 
mained at Rindge until June 14, 1779 — more than a year and 
nine months after the date of the order for arrest, it would seem 
as if there must have been time enough for a trial, had there 
been any charges in the mind of Washington sufficiently grave 
to warrant one. If a paroled prisoner could have been arrested 
for treason, he could equally well have been tried for it, and 
the fact that Hale was not tried, shows to our mind that the 
charges must have been withdrawn as baseless, almost as soon 
as made. In those jealous and suspicious times, a man, who, 
it was believed, could have been cashiered for treason or other 
misconduct, would not have been continued along for two 
years in the service as a colonel ; for Congress would have 
grudged his pay, and ambitious subordinates would have 
desired the vacancy for the sake of securing promotion. Hale's 
not having been tried, appears to us a very significant and 



Appendix No, 15. 499 

favorable circumstance for him, apart from the uncertainty it 
leaves behind. A court of inquiry, which he probably sought, 
seems not to have been thought by his superiors, necessary 
enough to pay for the inconvenience it would occasion to con- 
vene it ; so the uncertainty remains undispelled. The fact 
that Col. Hale was at home in Rindge for two years after the 
battle of Hubbardton, blunts, in a measure, the point of some of 
Mr. Stearns' argument. 

The following, it seems to us, is the most probable explana- 
tion of Hale's conduct. The British invested Ticonderoga 
July 3d, and, of course, the men were on active duty and were 
under more or less strain from that date. July 5th, the British 
were discovered on Sugar Loaf Hill, or Mount Defiance — 
" the Mountain which overlooks Ti," as Capt. Greenleaf ex- 
presses it, — and at 9 o'clock that evening the troops were 
informed of the proposed evacuation. The " night was em- 
ployed in packing up stores and preparing for a retreat " — a 
most demoralizing occupation, as every soldier knows. The 
rear guard left Ticonderoga at 2 o'clock in the morning, and 
Mount Independence at 4"", and the retreat commenced in 
utter demoralization and confusion. '7 Anburey, in speaking of 
the British pursuit, says, " we marched * * in a very hot 
and sultry day, over a continued succession of steep and woody 
hills " -, and Capt. Greenleaf says, — " after as fatigueing March 
as I ever knew we arrived at a Town Call'd Hubbarton 22 
Miles from the Mount.*' It should be borne in mind that 
these retreating soldiers, with their arms, accoutrements, knap- 
sacks, canteens and haversacks, were in no pedestrian attire. 
That night the tired, retreating Americans bivouacked in the 
woods ; but the night was disturbed, for, as Greenleaf says, 



500 Appendix No. 15. 

" the Indians took off a Gentry which Alarm'd our party which 
were here " ; and Hale's regiment was with the rear guard, and 
therefore there. The morning of the fight, according to Green- 
leaf, they had heard that the British had captured Skenesborough 
and all their baggage, so it would appear that there was no 
element lacking to depress the morale of the troops ; and that 
then was the time for their enemies to strike them a blow. 
At that very moment the British improved their opportunity 
and took the Americans by surprise. Anburey says, " At 
three in the morning our march was renewed, and about five 
we came up with the enemy, who were busily employed in 
cooking their provisions." 

The exact time of the beginning of the action is variously 
fixed, Anburey says, five; Capt, Stone, seven^; Capt. Green- 
leaf, a little after seven ; Ebenezer Fletcher, "just as the sun 
rose," which, early in July, must have been about twenty 
minutes before five ; while Hadden gives it, at two, which is 
palpably wrong, he probably having confused the hour of the 
British beginning their march that morning, with the time of 
their beginning the attack ; and two is an hour earlier even, 
than Anburey says the British marched. The Americans all 
admit that they were taken by surprise. Capt. Stone says, 
*' the Inemy came upon us without warning." Ebenezer 
Fletcher, of Hale's regiment, gives this account of the action 
until his regiment was driven back.'^ " The morning after our 
retreat," he says, " orders came very early for the troops to 
refresh and be ready for marching. Some were eating, some 
were cooking, and all in a very unfit posture for battle. Just 
as the sun rose, there was a cry, ' the enemy are upon us.' Look- 



Appendix No. 15. 501 

ing round I saw the enemy in line of battle. Orders came to 
lay down our packs and be ready for action. The fire instantly 
began. We were but few in number compared to the 
enemy. At the commencement of the battle, many of our 
party retreated back into the woods. Capt. Carr came up and 
says, ' My lads advance, we shall beat them yet.' A few of 
us followed him in view of the enemy. Every man was trying 
to secure himself behind girdled trees, which were standing on 
the place of action. I made shelter for myself and discharged 
mv piece. Having loaded again and taken aim, my piece 
missed fire. I brought the same a second time to my face ; 
but before I had time to discharge it, I received a musket ball 
in the small of my back, and fell with my gun cocked. My 
uncle, Daniel Foster, standing but little distance from me, I 
made out to crawl to him and spoke to him. He and another 
man lifted me and carried me back some distance and laid me 
down behind a large tree, where was another man crying out 
most bitterly with a grievous wound. By this time I had bled 
so freely, I was very weak and faint. I observed the enemy 
were like to gain the ground. Our men began to retreat and 
the enemy to advance. Having no friend to aflFord me any 
relief, every one taking care of himself, all things looked very 
shocking to me -, to remain where I was and fall into the hands 
of the enemy, especially in the conditional was in, expecting 
to receive no mercy, it came into my mind to conceal myself 
if possible. I made use of my hands and knees, as well as I 
could, and crawled about two rods among some small brush, 
and got under a log. Here I lay concealed from the enemy, 
who came instantly to the place I lay wounded at. What 
became of my distressed partner I know not. The enemy 



502 Appendix No. 15. 

pursued our men in great haste. Some of them came 
over the log where I lay. Some came so near I could almost 
touch them, I was not discovered by the enemy till the battle 
was over." Fletcher goes on to describe how he was dis- 
covered by the British and conducted to their camp. " Here," 
he says, " I found a number of my brother soldiers in the same 
situation as myself." Although there is no positive statement 
to that effect, yet all the surrounding circumstances point to 
the extreme probability, if not almost actual certainty, that 
Hale's was the outlying and most exposed regiment, and was 
in rear of Warner's and Francis' regiments, and so subject to 
the enemy's first attack. 

The accounts of all the participants above given, clearly 
show that Warner's troops were taken by surprise, and St. 
Clair so states. We have no means of knowing in exactly 
what state Warner's regiment was when the enemy struck it, 
as we have found no account by a member of that organization. 
Francis' regiment had just been formed ; but Hale's regiment 
was not formed, and the advancing enemy first struck this latter 
regiment unformed, and, of course, in confusion, and hence 
easily hurled it back ; while Warner and Francis being formed 
and acting more in unison, were better able to resist. It is im- 
possible to conceive exactly what Allen meant, by saying, 
" Col. Hale being apprized of the danger, never brought his 
regiment to the charge but left Warner and Francis to stand 
the blowing of it, and fled." If he meant that Hale did not 
form and fight in regimental formation at all, it was undoubtedly 
true ; but the reason is apparent, and had the British attacked 
but a few minutes earlier, according to Greenleaf, they would 
have tound Francis' regiment likewise unformed. From a 



Appendix No, 15. 503 

military stand-point, one would suppose that the commander of 
the rear guard was to blame for not having pickets thrown far 
enough out in his rear to have apprised him of the enemy's 
advance in sufficient time to have formed his command to meet 
them, and thus avoid a surprise ; and St. Clair certainly blamed 
Warner, and did not mention Hale. 

A quick, sharp, decisive action, beginning with a surprise 
and ending with a rout, scattered the weary, retreating Amer- 
icans, and hopelessly demoralized them. Francis' regiment 
was " overpowered by numbers," and broken to pieces ; and 
Capt. Greenleaf brought off, of his company, only a wounded 
sergeant and six men with him, a number of his company being 
taken prisoners. Warner with less than one hundred and fifty 
of hi's regiment, made his way to Manchester. Such a suc- 
cession of demoralizing events begets a condition of mind 
favorable to becoming a victim of stratagem, and a few 
determined men, exhilarated by success just in proportion as 
the other side was depressed by defeat, could effect vastly more 
than could be accomplished under other circumstances. The 
mountains were steep and woody, and afforded precisely the 
position for such a ruse as Hadden describes. The combina- 
tion of adverse circumstances had thickened round Hale darkly 
enough to lead a discriminating student, to go with great caution 
in weighing the justice of Ethan Allen's harsh judgment of 
Hale's conduct. When Hale's band of about a hundred men, 
therefore, came straggling on, as, under the circumstances, it is 
not very strange it should, in no condition to form rapidly, and 
unexpectedly encountered what by the nature of the position 
and the arrangement of the British party seemed to be a sub- 



504- Appendix No. 15. 

stantial force intercepting it, and was summoned to surrender, 
Hale doubtless complied, with the idea of sparing the live> of 
his men ; for, had the force been what he undoubtedly believed 
it to be, it could easily have enforced its demand. The ruse 
is not an uncommon one in war, and, under favoring circum- 
stances, sometimes succeeds. Had not the conditions favored 
in Hale's case, the British officer would not have had the 
temerity to make the attempt. 

Such, in our opinion, was the probable conduct, with its ex- 
planation, of Col. Nathan Hale at Hubhardton. That his 
superiors did not deem him very censurable, would seem to be 
shown by his not having been court martialed, and by no more 
reflections upon his behaviour having come down to us. It 
could hardly be expected that the victim of so unfortunate a 
capture, would escape unfavorable comment altogether. Who- 
ever recalls the retreat from Bull Run, in the early days of the 
late Rebellion, will, we fancy, understand what Hadden meant, 
when, in speaking of the American troops after the defeat at 
Hubhardton, he, unlike Ethan Alien, referred to Hale's capture, 
not in words of contempt, but only, " as a proof of what may be 
done against beaten battalions while their fears are strong upon 
them." ['I. M. 83-99: D. I. 45. ^I. O. O. 526, 527, 529. 
3B. 106. "I. O. O. 651. 5l. o. O. 672. «B. N. 27, 48. 
'0.330,340. ^I. K. 301-303. 'M. L. 6. '°E. 951. "C. 
Q. Q: C. Q. -L. A. '^C. A. 80. '^k. W. 423, 427, 
432, 436. 'sK. W. 423, 426, 432. '^£. X. '^C, R : B. B. 
•8D. I.] 



Appendix No. 16. 505 



NO. 16. 

Governor Philip Skene. 

For a number of years preceding our Revolutionary struggle 
there were three officers named Philip Skene in the British 
army. During the war that effected the conquest of Canada, 
one of them was a captain in the 26th Foot-," another, the 
subject of this sketch, held the same rank in the 27th Foot; 
while the third appears in the Army List of 1765, as a lieu- 
tenant on the half-pay of the 72d Foot, where he continues 
so to appear down to and including the List of 1774.* 

The Philip Skene referred to in the text, was a grandson of 
John Skene of Halyards, in Fifeshire, Scotland, who married 
Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Wallace, of Craigie, in 
Ayrshire, the nearest collateral descendant of the celebrated 
but unfortunate William Wallace. Philip Skene entered the 
army in 1739, but as the only set of British Army Lists acces- 
sible to the annotator, that in the Astor Library, does not ex- 
tend back of the year 1754, it is, of course, impossible to give 
the dates of his commissions prior to those held at that date. 
Besides many actions of inferior note, he was at the taking and 

a. This officer became a captain in a colonel in the army Feb. 19, I779> and 

the 26th Foot June 19, i75i,mjjorof a major-general Nov. zo, 1782. His 

the 5zd Foot Dec. 19, 1764, lieutenant- name appears in the Army Lists for the 

colonel of the 69th Foot April 20, 1771, last time in 1792. [B. H.] 

64 



5o6 Appendix No. i6. 

destroying of Carthagena and Portobello, at the battle of Cul- 
loden, and afterwards at Fontenoy, Lafeldt, etc. , under his Royal 
Highness, the Duke of Cumberland ; and he was more than 
once wounded.* He was commissioned a lieutenant in the ist, 
or Royal Regiment of Foot, August i6, 1750, and he was pro- 
moted to a captaincy February 2, 1757, in the 27th, or Innis- 
killing Foot, then in America ; ' and which regiment formed 
part of the force under Lord Loudoun that year. He was at 
Gen. Abercrombie's unfortunate attack on Ticonderoga July 
8, 1758, where he was wounded. 3 The next year he was at 
the capture of that fortress by Gen. Amherst, by whom he was 
appointed major of brigade, July 31, 1759"*; and on the loth of 
the next October he was detailed to serve in that capacitv to 
the troops left under the command of Brigadier Ruggles at 
Crown Point. 5 His service in that locality colored his 
whole after-life, as it opened up to his knowledge a country 
where he subsequently concluded to settle. In 1762, Capt. 
Skene went upon the expedition against Martinico and Havana 
under Lord Albermarle, he being one of the first to enter the 
breach at the storming of More Castle; and on the capture of 
Havana he was appointed its town major.* Philip Skene 
never attained a higher rank in the army than a captaincy', and 
his title of major was, doubtless, obtained from his having been 
brigade major and town major ; but his title of colonel is not 
so easily accounted for, though it was, probably, purely com- 
plimentary. When his regiment was ordered to Ireland Capt. 
Skene exchanged with Capt. Henry Cowan of the 1 0th Foot, 
in order to remain in America, his commission in this latter 
regiment bearing date May 26, 1768. He did not remain 
either in the loih, or in the army, long after that, however. 



Appendix No. 16. 507 

as he sold out Dec. 4, 1769,10 Lieut. Lawrence Parsons of the 

lOth, and retired from the military service altoo^ether.* 

■ t^ 

Dr. Fitch, in writing of Sicene's land operations, says : — 
" It being now evident that the war was soon to terminate, his 
enterprising spirit seems to have induced him to seek some 
surer path to distinction and wealth than would be afforded him 
in the army on the return of peace. The idea of being the 
founder and leading man of a considerable settlement at the 
head of this most important lake " (Champlain) " occurred to 
him, and on consulting with Gen. Amherst upon this subject, 
his commander strongly encouraged him in this project. He 
therefore resolved to embark in it without delay, and in the 
year 1761, at his own expense, moved thirty families to the 
mouth of Wood Creek, and supplied them with provisions for 
their subsistence. But in the autumn of this year he left them 
for a time, in order to accompany the expedition against Mar- 
tinique and Havana, that now drew off all the surplus troops 
from our land. Deprived of his fostering care, the settlers be- 
came discouraged with their lonely situation, so far in the 
wilderness, and most of them abandoned the place. When 
Col. Skene returned from the West Lidies in 1763, he found 
that of his infant colony, only fifteen persons were remaining. 
But the project in which he had embarked had now become 
too favorite a one with him to be abandoned. He accordingly 
with twenty-four other persons, Nov. 12th, 1763, petitioned 
for a grant of 25,000 acres at the mouth of Wood Creek, 
stating that he believed he could, if duly encouraged by the 
government, settle a hundred families within three years, upon 
the lands applied for. March 13th, 1765, the patent was issued, 
and the tract thus granted was incorporated into a township, 



5o8 Appendix No. i6. 

named Skenesborough. * * In addition to this tract Skene 
obtained, July 6th, 177 1, a further grant of 9,000 acres, known 
as ' Skene's little patent,' adjoining the north side of the great 
patent." 

Skene, whom Dr, Fitch characterizes as " a man of intelli- 
gence, wealth and enterprise, beyond any other person that was 
in the country foi several years," sedulously devoted himself 
to the settlement and improvement of his township and the 
devolopement of the resources of the surrounding district. He 
burned lime, quarried stone, and reared buildings of a character 
far more substantial than any other private individual in the prov- 
ince aspired to possess in those days. He erected and operated a 
forge, and built and run saw mills. He constructed and navi- 
gated vessels on the lake north of him, and laid out and opened 
roads to communicate with the settlement south of him. ^ 

In the collisions between the Yorkers and the Green Moun- 
tain Boys, Skene does not seem to have been conspicuous; yet 
on the 24th of August, 1774, Governor Tryon, by advice of 
his Majesty's Council, directed Philip Skene, J. Munro, 
Patrick Smith, and John McComb, Justices of the Peace for the 
County of Albany, to try Cockran and fourteen other armed 
men for violently assaulting and dispossessing Donald Mc- 
Intyre and other complainants, of lands granted by New York, 
and improved by them near Argyle.^ 

The expedition, which resulted in the capture of Ticon- 
deroga by Ethan Allen, and Crown Point by Seth Warner, in 
May, 1775, soon after the opening of hostilities between the 
American colonies and the mother country, also included the 

b. The name was changed, in 1788, to Whitehall, its present appellation. 



Appendix No. i6. 509 

capture of Skenesborough. This part of the plan was entrusted 
to Capt. Samuel Herriclc, of the Hampshire Grants, who, on 
the 9th of May, with thirty men, proceeded to Skenesborough 
and took Skene, the younger, his aunt, two sisters, and a man 
named Brook, prisoners, and seized a schooner and several 
batteaux, with which they hastened to Ticonderoga. Skene, 
the elder, had been in England where he had been appointed 
* Lieutenant Governor of Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and 
surveyor of his Majesty's woods and forests bordering on Lake 
Champlain,'*^ and where he had married a lady with a fortune 
of £40,000 ; but he sailed from London for Quebec, in the 
ship Sally,9 in May, 1775. Learning from a vessel which was 
spoken on the banks of Newfoundland, of the loss of Ticon- 
deroga, the vessel's course was changed so that he landed at 
Philadelphia, June 7th. '° 

The several votes of Congress in regard to Skene seem to 
elevate him into an importance he scarcely merited. June 8th, 
" the Congress being informed that a major Skene, with some 
other officers, who arrived last evening, in a vessel from London, 

c. Early in April, 1775, some of the ernment,' had reference to a project 
counties (Cumberland, Gloucester, etc.) which had been formed by Col. Allen 
in New Hampshire, aroused against the William Giliiland, and others, in con- 
New York government by the West- junction with Col. Philip Skene, to e«- 
minster massacre, held a convention and tablish a royal colony, which was to em- 
passed a vote of grievances, * with an brace the grants of New Hampshire west 
humble petition to be taken out of so of Connecticut River, and the country 
oppressive a jurisdiction, and cither an- north of the Mohawk and west to Lake 
nexed to some other government or Ontario, and to reach north to the forty- 
erected and incorporated into a new one, fifth degree of latitude, of which colony 
as may appear to the said inhabitants, to Col. Skene was to have been the royal 
the royal wisdom and clemency, and till governor. What the precise character 
luch time as his Majesty shall settle this and extent of his authority was, or what 
controversy.' It is probable that the con- was really in contemplation by him, or 
templated prayer in the proposed petition by the king's government, is not known, 
to the king, in the alternative of 'being [F. N, 244.] 
erected and incorporated into a new gov- 



5IO Appendix No. i6. 

were, with their papers, in the custody of the troops of this 
city ; that the said Skene has lately been appointed governor 
of the forts of Ticonderoga, and Crown-Point ; that one of the 
officers with him, is a lieutenant in the regulars, now in the 
province of Quebec ; and moreover, that the said Skene had 
declared, that he has authority to raise a regiment in America ; 
from all this, apprehending that the said Skene is a dangerous 
partisan of administration, and that his papers may contain in- 
telligence of ministerial designs against America, very important 
to be known : 

" Resolved^ That a committee be appointed to examine the 
papers of the said Skene and lieutenant, in their presence : 

" That the committee consist of Mr. J. Adams, Mr. Deane, 
and Mr. Mifflin : 

" That the said committee be upon honour to conceal what- 
ever, of a private nature, may come to their knowledge by such 
examination ; and that they communicate, to this Congress, 
what they shall discover relative to the present dispute between 
Great-Britain and America." 

Two days later the committee having reported. Gov. Skene 
was released from confinement and permitted to go at large 
anywhere within eight miles of Philadelphia, between Delaware 
and Schuylkill, on his parole of honor not to pass those limits, 
and that he would hold no correspondence with any person 
whatsoever, on any political subject. June 27th it was resolved 
that Gov. Skene be sent under a guard to Weathersfield, or 
Middletown, in Connecticut, there to be confined on his parole 
not to go out of the bounds prescribed to him by Gov. Trum- 
bull. July 5th, " it appearing that governor Philip Skene and 



Appendix No. i6. 511 

Mr. Lundy have designs inimical to America : Ordered, That it 
be recommended to the delegates of the colony of Pennsylvania, 
to have the order of Congress of the 27th of June last, respect- 
ing the sending governor Skene to Connecticut, immediately 
carried into execution." So Skene was despatched to Connec- 
ticut under a guard of nineteen men." July 24, 1775, Jonathan 
Trumbull, Jr., wrote to his brother Joseph, — "Gov. Skene 
has been very surly and turbulent, and is very much displeased 
with his destination in the town of Hartford — swore, before he 
left Philadelphia, that he would never come here — at least he 
would not come alive. Mr. Ross, one of the Pennsylvania 
Delegates, told him they did not pretend to have power over 
his soul — but that if he disengaged soul and body, his body 
should go where it was ordered." " 

From Hartford Gov. Skene and his son, together with Major 
French, were taken for better security, on an order of the 
Connecticut Assembly, to West Hartford, where they boarded 
for about a year at their own expense in the family of Widow 
Hooker, Gov. Skene having his family with him. They were 
often insulted by the inhabitants as enemies of the colony, and 
Skene narrowly escaped being tarred and feathered by his 
neighbors at West Hartford, for what they deemed his un- 
patriotic and insulting demeanour.''* William Pitkin wrote 
from Hartford to Gov, Trumbull, under date of July 10, 1776, 
as follows : — " 1 have since the first of this month, kept a guard 
at my powder-mill, at the expense of seven shillings per night. 
I was urged into the measure by a great number of gentlemen 
that live forty or fifty miles distant. Threats have leaked out 
from Skene, and other inimical monsters, that it should be de- 
stroyed, if art or money could effect it." '3 



512 Appendix No, i6. 

The Americans were so nervous and distrustful in those days 
that little things often excited undue alarm. On May nth, 1776, 
Gov. Skene's negro servant was elected governor for the negroes, 
it then being the custom, as it had been for years previous, and 
continued to be for some time after the war closed, for the 
negroes of Connecticut, in imitation of their masters, to elect one 
of their number for their governor, who was uniformly treated 
with great attention and respect by them, and who never failed 
to be addressed by his colored brethren as, Governor. This 
occurrence so alarmed the citizens of Hartford, that Gov. Skene 
was at once suspected of having been concerned in his negro's 
election with some design upon the peace of the state ; where- 
upon a committee was appointed to investigate the matter. "♦ 
Though the captive governor was not inculpated by the com- 
mittee, yet the nerves of the good citizens of Hartford were 
doubtless greatly soothed, when, on the 23d of that month, Gov. 
Skene was committed to gaol by the Committee of Prisoners, 
for refusing to sign a parole. '^ 

An extract from a letter written at Cambridge, Nov. 9, 1775, 
and found in The Remembrancer^ vol. I, p. 176, says — "Gen. 
Washington sent a flag into Boston a day or two before Gen. 
Gage left it, offering an exchange of prisoners, viz Major 
French for Col. Parker, Lieut. Knight (of the navy) for Capt. 
Scott, and his Excellency Governor Skene for Corporal Cruise. 
The two first were accepted, but the last was rejected with 
scorn." Skene was finally exchanged for James Lovell, and 
arrived in New York, Oct. 7, 1776, a free man once more."^ 
After serving under Sir William Howe for a short time he 
went to England, but returned to America in the spring of 
1777 and proceeded to Canada, whence he accompanied Bur- 



Appendix No. 16. 513 

goyne on his expedition where he was taken prisoner, being 
included in the Saratoga surrender.* 

If not always a judicious adviser, Skene was, at least, a brave 
officer, and during Burgoyne's campaign he had two horses 
shot under him.' The kind of advice Skene has the credit of 
having given Burgoyne, is indicated by a couple of extracts from 
writers with pronounced tory sympathies. Judge Jones, in vol. 
I, page 202, of his History of New York during the Revolutionary 
War, uses this language. " This is his " [Burgoyne's] " excuse 
for taking the fatiguing, toilsome, harassing route he did, instead 
of what he acknowledges to be 'the more commodious and easy 
one by way of Fort George.' Had he fairly and openly told the 
truth, he would have declared that the route he pursued was by 
the advice of Colonel Skene, the proprietor of Skenesborough, 
and whose estate there, by clearing out the Wood Creek, and 
making a firm substantial road from thence to Fort Edward, 
with strong bridges over all the creeks, and causeways through 
the swamps and morasses, had Great Britain succeeded in the 
contest, would have been rendered more valuable by several 
thousand pounds." Dr. Gordon, in the 2d vol., page 571, of 
his History of the American Revolution, in writing of Burgoyne's 
retreat after the battle of Bemus' Heights, says : — " It is be- 
lieved, that gen. Burgoyne, when upon the point of retreating, 
said to major Skeen to this purport — 'You have been the 
occasion of getting me into this difficulty, now advise me how 
to get out of it,' — referring to the advice the major gave in 
relation to the Bennington expedition : and that the major 
answered — ' Scatter your baggage, stores and every thing else 
that can be spared, at proper distances ; and the militia will be 

65 



514 Appendix No. 16. 

so engaged in collecting and securing the same, that the troops 
will have an opportunity of getting clear ofF.' " 

Lieut. Hadden, evidently, had no high opinion of the value 
of Skene's services, and he undoubtedly represented the pre- 
vailing sentiment in Burgoyne's army. It is clear that Skene 
did not comprehend the deep rooted hostility of the Americans 
to the British government, as he was fatally deceived by 
superficial pretensions of loyalty that cost Col. Baum his de- 
tachment and his life, at Bennington. " A letter from 
Philadelphia dated June 13, 1775," and printed in the Penn- 
sylvania Gazette for August 2d in that year, to be found in 
The Remembrancer, vol. i, page 130, " reports that Major 
Skeene (who was made prisoner upon his landing at Philadelphia 
from England on his way to Crown Point, of which he was 
appointed Governor) saw from a window, the militia of that 
city exercise before the Congress, and that he was so as- 
tonished at their excellent discipline and formidable appearance, 
that in spite of his prejudice he could not forbear exclaiming 
in the following words — ' Well, if the Angel Gabriel had de- 
scended from Heaven, and reported to me what I now behold, 
I could scarcely have believed it.' " 

Skene seems to have had a most unfortunate experience with 
the Americans. The following advertisement is extracted 
from the Boston Gazette for Monday, November 10, 1777. 

" Springfield, November 7, 1777. 

'■'■ Whereas Colonel Skeen is well known to be a notorious 

Enemy to our Country's Liberties, and has broke his Faith 

of Capitulation, and gone directly contrary to General Gates's 

positive Orders to him in particular, when attempting to go to 



Appendix No. i6. 515 

Albany against Orders — when General Gates took from him 
his Sword, and ordered him to go directly to Boston, with the 
English Troops, which was to go by the shortest Rout — He 
has stroled thro' the Country to Hartford, where he said he 
was taking his own Way to Boston, but is mistrusted to be 
going to Long or Rhode Island — Therefore it is recommended 
and desired, that every Friend to the Country will apprehend 
said Offender, wherever he may be found, and closely confine 
him in some State-Gaol till General Gates's further Pleasure 
and Orders may be known about him. 

" Ebenezer Learned, B. G." 

Though he finally arrived at Hartford under guard, yet 
parole limits did not long contain him, as shown by the follow- 
ing letter from the American Deputy Commissary of Prisoners, 
found among the Heath Papers. 

" Hartford, Nov\ ii, 1777. 

" S'r : I take the freedom to inform your Hon'^ that Maj'"", 
alias Governer Skene has been strooting Down 6 miles west of 
Hartford, from thence to East Wmsor, thence towards 
Springfield (this I have by information) : how he can acc't for 
such conduct, after being sent back by Gen'l Gates under 
Guard for like conduct at or near Albany — I must leave to 
your better Judgement, — for enquiry. I expect to be on in a 
few Days. 

" I am S'r Your Obedient Hum. Serv', 

"Joshua Mersereau, 

*' D. C. of Prisoners. 
" The Honourable Gen' Heath." 



5i6 Appendix No, i6. 

In May and June, 1779, Skene was in England where he 
was under orders of the House of Commons as a witness in 
the investigation of Burgoyne's campaign, though his testimony 
was not taken. Philip Skene and his son, Andrew Philip 
Skene, were, by the New York Act of Attainder passed Oct. 
22d, 1779, '* attainted of the offence of adhering to the enemies 
of the State, and their estates forfeited to the People of this 
state." After the war, it is said that Skene came to this 
country during Gov. Clinton's administration and tried to re- 
cover his property ; but, not succeeding, went back to 
England where he lived in retirement and died at Addersey 
Lodge, near Stoke Goldington, Bucks, on the 9th of October, 
1810, at an advanced age.^ leaving a son and two daughters.^ 

Dr. Fitch gives this description of Skene's personal ap- 
pearance, and the popular feeling entertained lor him in his 
lifetime by the Americans of his neighborhood. " We are 
surprised," says the doctor "at the malignancy of the hatred 
which most of our old people manifest towards this man " 
(Skene). " From one, who in his youth saw him repeatedly 
in Burgoyne's camp at Fort Edward, we are told that he was 
a large, fine looking person, with a pleasant countenance and 
an affable deportment. Except what took place in open and 
honorable warfare, we cannot learn that he was privy to any 
acts by which the inhabitants here, were ever distressed or 
molested in any way. But there is no doubt his power and 
influence and the known energy of his character made the 
leading whigs of the county from the very outset of our rev- 
olutionary contest fear him, ten fold more than any other 
friend of the King dwelling in this section of the state " (i. e. 
Washington Co., N. Y.). " They saw that it was necessary 



Appendix No. 17. 517 

that his popularity among the inhabitants should be effectually 
destroyed j and the abhorrence with which he is commonly 
spoken of, indicates as much as any fact within our knowledge, 
the consummate tact and ability with which the affairs of those 
times were here managed. Could we put the question to any 
of the common people who were residing here in days that are 
now gone by, who it was that they hated most, the reply we 
know would be, * the devil ;' but if we further asked who next 
to him they most execrated, we are in doubt whether the 
answer would be 'the Pope,' or 'old Skene.' ['B. H, '£. G. 
672. 3H. E. 176. ^M. V. 106, note. sM. V. io6. <*G. 
R. 692-695. 7D. G. ^F. Z. 281. 9l. A. A. 29. '°C. M. 
170, 175, 176. ''C. E. 107, 109, 119, 133, 203. ''L. L. 
217, note. '3l. 178. '4F. s. 31. '5H. 6oi, 602. "^J. 437, 

465, 574, 919O 



NO. 17. 

La Corne Saint-Luc, 
The Leader of Burgoyne's Indians. 
Luc de Chapt de la Corne Saint-Luc, or, as the name is 
usually abbreviated. La Corne St. Luc, is most always spoken 
of, either as La Corne, or Saint-Luc ; and he is the same person 
referred to by Hadden, as Luke Le Corn. He belonged to a 
family noted in the annals of Canada for the number of its 
military members. St. Luc's grandfather was Louis de la 
Corne, Sieur de Chapt ; and his grandmother was Antoinette 
Dallemaigne de la Fort. Jean-Louis de la Corne, of the 



5i8 Appendix No, 17. 

Diocese of Clermont in Auvergne, St. Luc's father, entered 
the army, and lost an eye at the siege of Gerovane. While 
yet a lieutenant he married, in June, 1693, Marie Pecaudy, 
daughter of Antoine Pecaudy de Contrecoeur (a distinguished 
captain), by his wife, Barbe Denis, and crossed over to Canada 
where he soon won distinction. Having been promoted to the 
rank of captain and decorated with the cross of St. Louis, 
St. Luc's father was successively appointed Town-Major of 
Trois-Rivieres, and major of troops at Quebec. In 1724, he 
received a pension of 400 livres ; and two years later he was 
made lieutenant of the king at Montreal, where he died in 
1 731. By his marriage with Mile, de Contrecoeur he had 
several sons who became heads of the families, de la Corne, de 
la Corne de la Colombiere, de la Corne du Breuil, and de la 
Corne St. Luc." Five of the sons were promoted to the rank 
of captain, and four of them were decorated with the cross of 
St. Louis. The most celebrated of them were de la Corne, 
called the Chevalier, and de la Corne St. Luc' The first 
commanded in Acadie and rendered much service to the 
French crown during the war that ended in the conquest of 
Canada. The second was the subject of this sketch, who, 
for a series of years during the French regime in Canada, was 
an active partisan leader against the English, and who, during 
our Revolutionary struggle, joined hands with his former enemies 
and turned all his energies against the American colonies. 

The earliest mention we find of St. Luc's military career is 

a. If any one desires to make an at- and the son of a Boucherville, a Niver- 

tempt to master the mystery of French ville, or a Montizambert ; he is referred 

Canadian surnames, and to ascertain how to the Abbe Tanguay's Dictioniiaire 

the son of a La Corne could become a Genealogique, vol. I, page xxxi. 
ColuTibieie, a Du Breuil, or a St. Luc ; 



Appendix No, 17. 519 

in 1739, In a report sent to France of the officers serving in 
Canada, where he is included in a list of Enseignes en Second ; 
and against his name is the comment, tres capable.'^ In 
January, 1746, while still an ensign, he was sent with a de- 
tachment of French, Colonists, and Iroquois Indians, to re- 
inforce St. Pierre, with whom he remained till April of that 
year, making divers scouts on Lake St. Sacrament, and in the 
neighborhood of Fort St. Frederic, as the French called Lake 
George and Crown Point. 3 In June, 1747, he set out from 
Fort St. Frederic, with 20 Frenchmen, and some Indians of 
different nations, about 200 in all, to strike a blow at the Eng- 
lish at Fort Clinton. He so successfully drew a portion of the 
garrison into ambush as to totally rout them. So hard pushed 
were the English that some of them threw themselves into the 
river and were drowned ; and others, while stru(i;gling in the 
water to make their escape, were shot or tomahawked. Forty- 
one prisoners and twenty-nine scalps were taken. The number 
of those drowned could not be ascertained, but of the 125, or 
thereabouts, that made the sortie from the fort, only some 15 
or 20 appear to have re-entered it.'* During the remainder of 
the war St. Luc was actively engaged in scouts and in ambush- 
ing convoys and small parties of the enemy. 

He was promoted to be a lieutenant of infantry as early as 
1750 ; how much earlier, we have not been able to discover.^ 
He belonged to the troops of the Marine, of which, in 1755 
certainly, he was a lieutenant ; and a captain the same, or the 
following year. In 1755 he was present at Baron Dieskau's 
defeat^; and in the French expedition against Fort William 
Henry, in 1757, he had command of the Indians of the Left 
Column. After Col. Monro's surrender, to quote from the 



520 Appendix No, 17. 

French account, ' M. tie Montcalm ordered out an escort and 
directed M. de St. Luc de la Corne, commanding the Indians, 
and several Colonial officers conversant with their languages, 
to accompany the garrison in order to protect it against insult 
from the Indians.' ^ Norwithstanding the escort a portion of 
the garrison was massacred by the savages. 

On the 30th July, 1758, St. Luc, with a detachment of 400 
Canadians and Indians, attacked and captured on the Lydius, 
or Fort Edward road, a convoy of about 150 men, with 54 
wagons loaded with provisions. Not being able to save the 
train it was destroyed, and 230 oxen were killed, 80 scalps and 
64 prisoners — men, women and children, were taken ; while 
St. Luc lost but one Iroquois killed, two others being slightly 
wounded.^ He took part in the battle on the Plains of 
Abraham Sept. 13, 1759'; and at the battle of St. Foy, 
April 28, 1760, he commanded the Indians, and was slightly 
wounded. '° 

The war was over : Canada had passed into the hands of 
the English ; and St. Luc, in recognition of his services, had 
long since been created a Chevalier of the Royal and Military 
Order of St. Louis. In 1761, he decided to remove with his 
brother, his children and nephews, to France. Having ready 
money, some £6000, he was about to purchase a vessel at 
Quebec for that purpose, when the generosity of General 
Murray, the English commander, made this unnecessary ; and 
the Auguste was fitted up at government expense. In this ill- 
starred ship St. Luc and one hundred and twenty of the chief 
persons in the colony, including his two sons, his brother, the 
Chevalier La Corne, and two nephews, besides several ladies. 



Appendix No. 17 



521 



officers and soldiers, sailed Oct. 17, 1761. St. Luc has left 
an interesting journal, in French, kept by himself,'' of the ap- 
palling disaster which befell the Auguste on the coast of Cape 
Breton. The captain, five of the crew, and St. Luc alone of 
all the passengers, reached the shore alive. For more than 
three months St. Luc journeyed from the scene of the wreck 
during a Canadian winter, through forests, over bays in a frail 
canoe, and over a wilderness of snow on snow shoes, nearly 
1700 miles, till, finally, his tall form reduced nearly to a 
skeleton, he arrived at Quebec/ The loss of family and 



b. Journal du Voyage de M. Saint- 
Luc de la Corne, £cr. dans le Navire 
L'Auguste, en Tan 1761. Second Ed. 
A Cote eC Cie. (^ebec, 1863. 

c. The following is extracted from 
Le Moine's Maple Leaves, New Series, 
page 119: — "We shall condense la 
Cornc's narrative of the shipwreck. The 
ship struck on the 15th November; la 
Corne and his six surviving companions, 
including the captain, were washed 
ashoie in a boat, more deid than alive ; 
the I 6th was employed in digging graves ; 
none of his children, none of the ladies 
had been saved ; the young, the fair, the 
highborn strewing in hideous confusion 
a rock-bound coast amidst fragments of 
the wreck, — in all one hundred and 

' fourteen corpses. Such were the dismal 
objects which met the gaze of la Corne 
and of his fellow-sutfcrers on the morn- 
ing of the i6th November. Amidst the 
roar of the sea and of the tempest, the 
last rites were performed by the sor- 
rowing parent, and on the 17th, with a 
feeling common to all they hurried from 
a spot in which everything reminded 
them of death, ^ plurima mortis imago,^ 
and took to the woods, not knowing 
where they were; on the 17th a snow 
storm added to their misery ; three of 
the party here gave out through fatigue, 

66 



but la Corne, who all along appears as 
the leading spirit, urged them on, and 
with success ; on the 25th, his Journal 
mentions, as a godsend, the discovery 
of some deserted huts ; — in them, they 
found two dead men; on the 26th two 
more of the party gave out, and were re- 
luctantly left behind with some provis- 
ions. Twelve inches of snow had fallen 
that day. 

"On the 3rd December, after a 
tedious tramp through the forest, not 
knowing where they were, they struck 
on the sea coast and discovered an old 
boat, unseaworthy ; the captain of the 
Auguste set to work to caulk her, and 
matters seemed likely to assume a more 
hopeful aspect, when a fresh snow-storm 
nearly caused the destruction of the 
whole party. ' Our provisions running 
short,' adds la Corne, ' we had to live on 
wild berries and sea weed. On the 4th, 
the storm having abated, we found our boat 
imbeded in the snow, but when we came 
to launch her, our captain, who until 
then had held out, declared he could go 
no further on account of tlie pains and 
ulcers he labored under ; the three 
others mostly as bad, sided with him, and 
being alone, I was compelled, although 
suffering much less, to remain with 
them. I did not like to desert tbem, and 
we trusted to Providence, when two 



522 



Appendix No. 17 



friends seems to have entirely changed his plans. He bade 
adieu to all thought of la belle France^ and remained in 
Canada, a British subject. He does not seem to have at once 
settled down to his new allegiance, for Lieut-Governor Colden 
of New York, wrote to the Lords of Trade, Dec. 19, 1763, 
as follows : — " The Indians, as I am inform'd, affirm that they 
were at first incited to this Conspiracy by some of the Principa. 
Men in Canada, whom they have named ; with others, the 
Vicar General & St. Luke le Corn, the last is now in 
Canada." " 

St. Luc was one of the first Legislative Councillors ap- 



Indians made their appearance. Our 
men hailed them with loud cries and 
lamentations ; in which I could catch 
the words ' have mercy on us.' I was 
then smolcing, a quiet spectator of this 
sorrowful scene. Our men mentioned 
my name, and the Indians greeted 
me warmly. I had on several occasions 
rendered service to these tribes. I 
learned that we were ninety miles from 
Louisbourg (Cap Breton). They told me 
they were ready to conduct me to St. 
Pierre. I had our men crossed over a 
river which was there, and I left with 
the Indians, for their wigwam about three 
leagues distant They gave me dried 
meat, and on the 5th, I returned to my 
friends.' 

'•Thence, we follow the hardy adven- 
turer to Saint Pierre, to Labrador Bay, 
and finally we find him, in spite of all 
remonstrance, starting in a birch canoe, 
in that inclement season, with two 
young men whom he had tempted to 
this fool-haidy enterprise, by offering 
them twenty- five louis d'or ; they after- 
wards landed at ChedaBouctou, and 
after encountering great privation, fatigue, 
and divers perilous adventures, he ar- 
rived at Fort Cumberland, formerly Fort 
Beausejour, when after a short rest he 



continued his journey on foot, having 
worn out his strength and his snow 
shoes. The Temiscouata portage brought 
him subsequently to the lower parishes, 
then to Kamouraska ; and the night he 
spent at the Manor of Saint Jean-Port- 
Joly is graphically described in the Cana- 
dians of OW [by M. de GaspeJ. " He 
arrived at Quebec, on the 23rd Feburary, 
laid an account of his shipwreck before 
General Murray, and left for Montreal 
to see General Gage. This iron-framed 
man closes his Journal by stating that 
the fatigues, dangers and starvation he 
was exposed to, were very great — that the 
circuitous road he followed led him to 
believe he must have walked at least 
1650 miles in the severest season in the 
year, and unprovided with any succour. 
'I used to see my guides and com- 
panions, the Indians and Acadians, 
giving out after eight day's marching, 
and often, less. During all this time, I 
enjoyed excellent health, had no dread 
of the consequences, and fortunately 
withstood this excessive fatigue; had I 
had guides as vigorous as myself, I would 
have saved one hundred and thirty 
pounds which it cost me, and I would 
have arrived earlier.' " 



Appendix No. 17. 523 



pointed after the passage of the Quebec Act, in 1774, and he 
was a strong stickler for the old Canadian forms of govern- 
ment.'^ In the fall of 1775 the governor and Legislative 
Council of Quebec were assembled, but, after several meetings, 
were not able to agree upon any ordinances. " Monsieur St. 
Luc La Come and others of the Councillors would not hear 
of juries, but insisted on following the letter of the Quebec 
Act. The Governor suddenly broke up the Council and re- 
turned to Montreal. '3" 

When hostilities between Great Britain and her American 
colonies began, St. Luc at once espoused the cause of the 
crown; and as early as May, 1775, immediately after the 
Americans captured Ticonderoga and Crown Point, we find 
him sending presents to the savage tribes of the north and in- 
citing them to take up arms against the colonies.''* A ievf 
months later, when Montgomery appeared to be sweeping all 
before him in his Canadian invasion, and it seemed as if Mont- 
real was about to fall into his hands, the wily and politic St. 
Luc dispatched an Indian embassy with his submission to the 
American general. Before its return, however, the aspect of 
affairs had changed. Ethan Allen's ill-judged attack on 
Montreal had failed, and a number of the inhabitants of the 
surrounding country had flocked to the city and put themselves 
under Gen. Carleton to aid in repelling the invaders ; hence 
matters looked much less desperate than a little earlier. At this 
juncture assurances arrived from Montgomery that St. Luc's 
submission was accepted, and protection was guaranteed to 
him. Here was a dilemma. A few short days before, he 
had deserted one side ; now, he found it convenient to renounce 
his submission to the other. Accordingly, Montgomery's letter 



524- Appendix No. 17. 

was treated with contempt and consigned to the flames. 
Though this double dealing cost St. Luc the confidence of the 
people, yet Gen. Carleton was wise enough to preserve silence, 
and to extend to him the same apparent measure of confidence 
as before. '5 

St. Luc was with the party that captured Ethan Allen ; and 
likewise with Gen. Carleton, when repulsed by Col. Seth War- 
ner, at Longueil.'^ Montreal finally surrendered November 
I2th, 1775, but Gen. Montgomery refused to include St. Luc in 
the capitulation on account of his previous breach of faith. 37 
A week later St. Luc was captured on Gen. Prescott's 
flotilla with the fleeing British troops ; and again Montgomery 
visited St. Luc's faithlessness upon him by sending him to 
Boucherville, without permitting him to land at Montreal with 
his fellow prisoners.'^ Early in December, owing to suspicions 
that he, with others, was plotting the destruction of the Amer- 
ican garrison at Montreal, his house and papers at Bouch- 
erville were examined, and he himself was arrested and 
taken thence, first to La Prairie, and then to Cognewaga. 
The information which excited the suspicions proving false, a 
few days subsequently, St. Luc, who was ill, was ordered to 
take up his former quarters at Boucherville. '9 

St. Luc's presence in Canada excited the distrust and sus- 
picion of the Indians that inclined to the American cause, and 
under date of February 27, 1776, Stephen Moylan, one of Wash- 
ington's staff, wrote from Cambridge to Gen. Wooster, as fol- 
lows : — "I have it in command from his Excellency General 
Washington to acquaint you that the Indians, who were lately 
here from Canada, are very much dissatisfied that Mr. St. 



Appendix No, 17. 525 

Luke La Come is suffered to be at liberty ; he is, by all ac- 
counts, a dangerous person, therefore think it will be better for 
our own safety, and to quiet the minds of the Indians, to have 
that gentleman sent out of that Province. Your compliance 
herewith will be pleasing to his Excellency, and he is strongly 
of opinion will be of very great service to the American 
cause. "^ Nine days before the date of this letter, however, 
Gen. Wooster had sent St. Luc to Gen. Schuyler, at Albany, 
who ordered him to Esopus, in Ulster County, New York ; 
and he was detained as a prisoner for more than a year.^' 

He finally returned to Canada the latter part of May, I777"t 
with his apparent natural enmity to the American colonies 
stimulated by his treatment in captivity, for when the British 
ministry were enlisting the Indians in their behalf, he was a 
willing and a powerful instrument in that barbarous undertaking. 
This is clearly shown by the following letter from Major- 
General William Tryon, late governor of North Carolina, and 
New York, to Lord George Germaine, which is printed as 
nearly as possible just as it was written, without change 
either in the French or the English of its author. 

"New York, 9 April, 1777. 

" Private. 

" My Lord, 

" I have had many conversations with Mons. La Corne St. 
Luc, lately exchanged (released) from his Captivity with the 
Rebels. We agree perfectly in sentiments respecting the 
propriety & importance of employing the Indians. He is 
anxious to take the command of as many Canadians & Indians, 
as S'' Guy Carleton will entrust him with & will pledge his 



526 Appendix No. 17. 

life & honor that he will raise them & be in the environs of 
Albany in sixty days after he lands at Quebec, for which Port 
he sails with other Canadian Gentlemen the first fair wind. 
His expressions were emphatical. ' II faut, dit il, lacher les 
sauvages sur les frontieres de ces Canals, pour imposer des 
terreurs, et pour les faire soumetre, au pied de la Throne de sa 
Majeste Britannic. II faut absolument mettre tous dehors, pour 
finir la Guerre cet Ete. Les Rebels commence a se guerrier, 
et si la guerre continue plus long terns que cett'annee, il sera tres 
facheuse pour toute L'Empire. Pour soi-meme il m'a assure, 
qu'il ne voudroit jamais^ jamais, (jusqu'a ce que son ame Bat 
dans son Corps, et le Sang coule dans ses Veines,) oublier les 
injures, et les Insults qu'il a recue de ces gueux "^ — These were 
his expressions ; and though in the sixty sixth year of his age 
is in the vigour of health & animal spirits. 

" A Pension or Salary of 500 pr ann. with some Distinction 
among the savages to La Corne St. Luc would I am persuaded 
be productive of the best consequences to Govt at this Period — 
S"". W*" Johnson was not an abler Partizah than St. Luc for 
Indian services. 

" I am respectfully 

" Your Lordship's faithfull & ob"^' hum'"= Ser't 

" Wm. Tryon 
*' Ld. Geo. Germain. 

"received 8 May, lyyy."^^ 

d. It is necessary, he said, to let longer than this year, it would be very 

loose the savages upon the frontiers of damaging to the whole kingdom. For 

these rascals to terrify them and to make himself, he assured me that, as long 

them throw themselves at the foot of his as his heart beat in his body and the 

Britannic Majesty's throne. It was blood flowed in his veins, he could never, 

absolutely necessary to do this, in order never forget the injuries, and the insults 

to finish the war this summer. The that he had received from these beggars. 
Rebels began the war, and if it lasted 



Appendix No, ij, 



527 



Gov. Tryon, in writing from New York to Secretary Knox, 
under date of April 21st, 1777, again alludes to St. Luc, and 
in terms even more forcible than before. He writes — " I am 
exactly of opinion with Colonel La [Corne] St. Luc, who 
says ; II faut lacher les sauvages contre les miserables Rebels, 
pour imposer de terreur sur les frontiers ; II dit de plus (mais 
un peu trop pour moi) ' qu'il faut brutalizer'^ les affaires,' as- 



e. The brutalizing process referred to 
in the text would seem to have been 
carried out, if the following extact from 
a letter found in the London Chronicle 
for Oct. 7-9, 1777, vol. 42, p. 346, 
written by an officer in St. Clair's army 
at Saratoga, dated July 12th, 1777, and 
said to have been printed in the Pro-vi- 
dence Gazette for July 20th of that year, 
is worthy of credence. 

"You will," says the letter, "no 
doubt have heard of our retreat from Ti- 
conderoga before this reaches you; but the 
horrid barbarity of o»r cruel enemies in 
the pursuit is what you can have no idea 
of. To give you one instance of it will 
be sufficient to make your humanity 
shudder, chough that only respects a 
French officer. 

" This poor gentleman, who was an 
engineer that had lately come up from 
Boston, being a stranger to the country, 
and not able to speak English, or to un- 
derstand it, lost his way, and got separa- 
ted from the party he came oft with. 
Two of that grand villain St. Luc la 
Corne's hell-hounds, the Canada savages, 
soon fell in with him, and finding him 
to be a Frenchman, carried him back in 
triumph to their leader. La Corne at 
first pretended to take him out of their 
hands ; but upon the Indians claiming 
him as their prisoner, and insisting, that 
as he was a Frenchman, and had nothing 
to do with the quarrel among the En- 
glish, they would not exchange him, or 
sell him, but make him a day's sport for 
all the Indians. He gave him up. 



and accordingly they carried the poor 
gentleman to their camp, and stripping 
him naked, tied him to a tree, and made 
a great fire near him : they then took 
pieces of the pitch pine, and making in- 
cisions in his flesh with the points of 
their scalping knives, stuck them in, 
so that his body looked like a larded 
fowl, and setting them on fire, the boil- 
ing rosin ran down as they burned, into 
the wounds. The anguish of the pain 
the poor gentleman suffered cannot be 
described ; and to prevent the English 
soldiers from being shocked by his cries, 
these children of Satan kepi dancing and 
whooping round him while ti.'e pine 
splinters were burning : when that was 
over, they intended cutting off his burned 
flesh with red hot knives, and had put 
the blades of several in the fire for that 
purpose ; but happily for the poor victim 
an English officer who came past took 
compassion of him, and snatching an 
Indian's gun, ran up to the tree, and shot 
him through the head. The Indians 
were greatly vexed to be thus cut short 
of their sport, and flying upon the dead 
body, like so many ravenous beasts, tore 
out the heart, and cutting it into as many 
pieces as there were chiefs present, they 
presented a piece to each, which they 
immediately devoured. 

" The mangled carcase was then taken 
from the tree, and thrown into the fire, 
where it was presently consumed." 

The genuineness of this letter is 
questioned, as it is not to be found in the 
Pro'vidence Gazette^ whence it purports 



528 



Appendix No. 17. 



surement, il est bien enragee de la mauvais traitement, qu'il a 
re^u de les avengles peuples-' — but not to blunder longer on in 
a language I know imperfectly, I shall express his other senti- 
ments in the English dialect. He assured me that upon the 
opening of the first assembly with the Savages in Canada, his 
feelings would be so poignant at their first interview, as would 
impose a perfect silence upon him, while tears would run 
down his cheeks ; & that when he should be able to expatiate 
on the indignities and injuries he had experienced, they would 
instantly take up the hatchet, and resent his affronts. So re- 
ciprocal is the affection between the Father and his Children, 
for such they style each other respectively, and by whom he is 
as much cherished, as was Sir Wm. Johnson by the Indians of 
the Six Nations." '4 

Those letters referred to the man, who afterwards became 
the leader of Burgoyne's Indians. When Jane McCrea was 



to have been taken. Dr. Benjamin 
Franklin wrote a number of fictitious 
letters for effect, and of such plausibility 
that they were well calculated to deceive. 
As he was at this time the Amer- 
ican minister at the French Court and 
was anxious to enlist the aid of the 
French monarchy in behalf of the 
American Colonies, it is believed that 
this letter was written and caused to be 
printed in the English papers, for its double 
effect upon the British Whigs and the 
French Government. Whether this 
letter is genuine or not, however, it is 
hardly an exaggeration, for a letter, 
about the authenticity of which there is 
no question, written by an officer at the 
American headquarters at Moses' 
Creek, six miles from Fort Edward, 
under date of July 28, 1777, and printed 
in the Fro-vidcnce Ga-zette for August 
1 6th, of that year, says : — "The savages 



have lately acquitted themselves quite in 
character. A couple of ladies who chose 
to remain behind the army and enjoy 
Burgoyne's proffered protection, have 
been scalped and mangled in a shock- 
ing manner. They make nothing of 
ripping out a man's heart, cutting off 
hands," etc., etc. 

It may be that this latter letter 
suggested the former, which may be the 
reason why it was attributed to the 
Pro'viJence Gazette. 

f. It is necessary to kt loose the 
savages against the miserable Rebels to 
impose terror upon the fioniiers ; he 
further said (but a little strongly for me) 
that it was necessary to brutalize 
matters: — assuredly he is much enraged 
at the ill treatment he received from 
these misguided people. 



Appendix No. \q . 529 

massacred, and Burgoyne, in his indignation, demanded that 
the murderer should be given up to punishment, it was St, Luc 
who reminded him of the consequences, and thus secured im- 
munity for his brutal followers. "5 He seems early to have 
become a thorn in Burgoyne's side," for the British general ac- 
cused him of deserting with his savages, at the critical moment 
at Bennington, and, from the floor of the House of Commons, 
denounced him as a runaway and a fugitive. St. Luc, on his 
part, cordially reciprocated Burgoyne's dislike. When in 
England, in 1778, he freely expressed to the ministers his 
opinion of the discomfited general. Burgoyne was a fine 
officer with the regulars, said St. Luc, but he did not seem to 
like the savages, nor did he take the proper steps to retain their 
good will: he was * «« brave homme^ mais lourd comme un 
Allemand' — a brave man but as heavy as a German. ^"^ 

After his return to Canada, St. Luc addressed a letter to 
Burgoyne in reply to some of the 'denunciations heaped upon 
him by the latter. This letter sheds so much light upon the 
characters of both St. Luc and Burgoyne that it is given in 
full, and is as follows : — 

"Quebec, Oct. 23, 1778. 

" Sir : 1 do not know whether this letter will reach you j 
but, if it should, it is to inform you that I am surprised at your 
forgetfulness respecting myself, as well as towards my com- 

g. Burgoyne in a private letter to gentleman of honour and parts, and one 

Lord George Germaine, dated Skenes- of the best partizans the French had 

borough, July ii, 1777, thus speaks of last war, and of one Langhde, the very 

St. Luc, when referring to the Indians com- man who projected and executed with 

posing a part of his army. " They " these very nations the defeat of General 

(the Indians) he writes, ''are under the Braddock." [B. N. App. ai.] 
directions of a M.St. Luc, a Canadian 

67 



530 Appendix No, 17. 

panions the Canadians and the Indians. I cannot think what 
could be your motive, unless it was to sink into obscurity my 
reputation along with your own, in which you will never 
succeed. I was known long before you was in the train, 
which has given you the occasion to lose one of the finest 
armies that my country had ever seen. 

" You say, Sir, that I was unqualified to give you any in- 
formation ; I am more than pleased that you have told the 
public that you never asked my opinion. Permit me, Sir, 
however, to inform you, that I have served under general 
Officers who have honoured me with their confidence ; men 
who had a just right to that name, who sustained their dignity, 
and were distinguished for their talents. 

'^ You accuse me also of quitting your army j you will 
permit me. Sir, to say, that those who left it, as well as my- 
self, had no more fear of the danger of carrying arms than 
yourself. Fifty years of service will clear me from such 
suspicions ; but you know better the person that made me 
quit the army, which was yourself. 

"The 1 6th, the day of the action at Bennington, you sent 
orders by Major Campbell to hold myself ready to march the 
1 7th, in the morning, with the corps of Canadians and Indians, 
which was to precede the brigade of General Frazer, to take 
post at Still-water ; but the same morning, at four o'clock, M. 
de Lanaudiere informed you of the defeat of the detachment 
under Lieutenant-colonel Beaume and that of Lieutenant- 
colonel Breyman, which marched to sustain it. He informed 
you that these two corps had lost at least 700 men ; you gave 
little credit to this report, and you said to me that the loss was 



Appendix No. 17. 531 

not 150 ; nevertheless the real loss justified the first report. 
You then, Sir, gave counter-orders to the whole army which 
was to march that dav, and the next day ordered us to pass the 
North-river with the brigade of General Frazer, to encamp at 
Batin-guild. The Indians astonished, and unaccustomed to 
your grand manoeuvres, having observed that you detached no 
corps to collect the remains of the two scattered detachments 
at Bennington, and to succour those that were wounded, and 
in part perishing ; some of the former of whom I saw enter 
your camp five days after. This conduct. Sir, gave no high 
idea of the care which you should have taken of the men 
destined to fight under vour command. This indifference 
towards the Indians also, who had served in the affair at Ben- 
nington, who amounted to 150, disgusted them ; many of 
whom, with their grand Chief, were killed, and of 61 Canadians 
only 41 remained. 

" Recollect yourself. Sir, what was said in the Council, 
when you represented our loss as trifling, that you should not 
impose on yourself in that matter. I told you on the part of 
the Indians that their merits were great : I was your interpre- 
ter. They said manv things which it is useless to repeat; 
among others that thev would demand to speak to you in very 
absolute terms, from which I told you the consequences that 
would result from it. In fine. Sir, they were so greatly dis- 
satisfied, that they immediately departed, notwithstanding you 
refused to furnish them with provisions, shoes, or an inter- 
preter. Two days after this you saw your error. 

"Brigadier Frazer had foreseen what would he the result of 
your behaviour towards them. At length you sent for me, 



532 Appendix No, 17. 

and I had the honour to meet you in the Brigadier's tent, when 
you requested me to return to Canada with dispatches with 
which you charged me, to engage his Excellency Gen. 
Carleton to treat the Indians well, and to send them back j 
this I did, and should have returned to the army, if the com- 
munication had not been totally shut up. After this of what 
service could I be ? I, whom you represent as unqualified for 
any office, and only one among the departed Savages. Alas ! 
Sir, having ceased to be a General, do not cease to be a 
Gentleman ; I am the same with you ; you have the title of 
General ; and though I may not be endowed with the same 
talents with yourself, yet, being made of the same stuff, I 
have a right to be treated like a Gentleman. 

"As to the rest. Sir, I am ready to cross the sea, though at 
an advanced age, to justify myself before the King my Master, 
and my country, from all the falsities which have been laid to 
my charge ; it is very indifferent to me what you think 
of me. 

" I am, Sir, your very humble servant, 

" La Corne St. Luc. 

*' To General Burgoyne."" 

Burgoyne was not the only British general whose distrust 
St. Luc excited, as the following letter from Gen. Haldimand 
to Lord George Germaine, plainly indicates. 

*' Quebec iT^th Sept., 1779. 
^' My Lord : I think it necessary to inform your Lordship 
of certain difficulties which have arisen respecting the com- 
mand of officers appointed by his Majesty to superintend and 



Appendix No, 17. 533 

direct the operations of the several savage nations, who are in 
or near the Province. I shall without reserve communicate to 
your Lordship my opinion of the matter and request to have 
His Majesty's order upon the subject as soon as convenient. 

" In the month of January Monsieur St. Luc waited upon me 
and claimed as his undoubted right, in consequence of the 
Kings's Commission, to be declared in the Public Order of the 
Army a Colonel, expecting by that to have Rank and receive 
Pay accordingly. I pointed out to him that his request was 
unprecedented and that his commission would only be declared, 
when a large Body of Savages were in the Field, and he placed 
to command them, and also that I was convinced such were 
His Majesty's Instructions. However as Monsieur St. Luc 
persevered in his claim, I thought it my duty positively to refuse 
him, upon which he advertized his horses and effects for sale, 
not that I believe he either had, or has any Intentions of quit- 
ting the Province. I have no reason to complain of any other 
part of Mons. St. Luc's conduct, but when I consider the 
time of his claiming his Rank and compare some part of his 
conversation with Mons. D'Estaing's Proclamation, considering 
at the same time his former attachment to the French Govern- 
ment I cannot suppose him so thoroughly changed as to author- 
ize the King's Governor to entrust him with the Superintend- 
ence of Savages, amongst whom artful men may for a long 
time carry on dangerous Intrigues undiscovered — much less can 
I suppose it was His Majesty's intention to allow him a High 
Rank in the Line."*^ 

After peace was proclaimed St. Luc, who was a member of 
the Legislative Council of Canada, seems to have taken an active 



534- Appendix No. 17. 

part in the political issues of the day. At that time two oppo- 
site views divided the Canadians on a vital question, each hav- 
ing many earnest supporters, so that petitions to the king were 
strongly pressed on both sides. One party demanded the 
habeas corpus, legislative assemblies, and, generally, all the 
rights, privileges, and immunities belonging to Britons all over 
the world. The other party was suspicious of the proposed in- 
novations and favored the retention of the Quebec Act of 
1774. St. Luc belonged to the latter, and, in 1784, during this 
agitation, he moved in the Legislative Council (members of 
which were appointed for life) that an address should be pre- 
sented to the king, thanking his majesty for the protection of 
Canada during the American Revolutionary War, and praying 
that he would maintain intact the government of 1774 After 
a long discussion St. Luc's address was adopted by a majority 
of about two-thirds, the number of votes being I'j.'^'^ 

St. Luc was buried at Montreal, Oct. 4, 1784, aged 72 years. 
The Parish Registers, from which we glean this information, 
give the date of sepulture, and not of death, and the date of 
baptism, but not of birth. Sepulture succeeded death but 
two or three days ; and the regulations of the Bishop of 
Quebec, established prior to 1703, provided that parents should 
cause their children to be baptized within three days of birth, 
or four, at latest, under peril of excommunication." 3° 

h. There is some confusion as to the first wife of the subject of this si<etch. 

date of St. Luc's birth. The Abbe If La Corne St. Luc was born in 1703, 

Tanguay, in his Dictionnaire Genealo- he would have been 74 years old in 

giquc, vol. I, p. 167, gives the birth of 1777, whereas Gov. Tryon represented 

Louis-Luc, a son of Jean-Louis de la him to be in his 66th year, and "in the 

Corne, as June 6, 1703, but no mention vigour of health and animal spirits." 

is made of any other son named Luc. The record of the sepulture of MV Luc 

He also says that Louis-Luc married de Chap de Lacorne, Colonel, Che-va- 

Marie-Anne Hervieux, the name of the Her, etc., Consedler du Rot, &c., under 



Appendix No, 17. 535 

St. Luc was married three times ; first, at Montreal, Dec. 
10, 1742, to Marie Anne Hervieux ; second, at Montreal, 
Sept. 3, 1757, to Marie Josephe Guillemin, widow of Le 
Gardeur de St. Pierre ; and third, to Marie Anne Marguerite 
Boucher de Boucherville, daughter of Pierre, the third Seig- 
neur de Boucherville, and sister of Rene Amable, the fourth 
Seigneur de Boucherville, who is sketched elsewhere in this 
volume. His last wife survived him. He left several children ; 
one of whom, Elizabeth, was married to Charles Louis Tarieu 
de Lanaudiere, who is sketched elsewhere in this volume ; 
another, Marie Anne, to Major, afterwards Lieut. -Col. John 
Campbell, Superintendent of Indians in Canada ; another, 
Marie Louise, to George Dupre St. George ; and still another, 
Marie Marguerite, to Major John Lennox, a son of Lord 
Alexander Lennox. 3' 

The character of St. Luc was by no means an enviable one, 
at least from an American standpoint. Gen. Montgomery in 
writing to Gen. Schuyler from camp near St. John's, Oct. 6, 
1775, says : " Mr. St. Luke's character gives me all the reason 
in the world to be on my guard against him. I shall insist 
upon some substantial proof of his sincerity." Samuel Mott 
wrote to Gov. Trumbull from the same place, and under the 
same date, as follows: — "St. Luke La Corne, (that arch 
devil incarnate), who has butchered hundreds, men, women 

date of Oct. 4, 1784, in an abstract of children, seven of which were boys.' 

the Parish Register of Montreal, in the As the Dictionnaire Genealogiquc does not 

possession of the Abbe Verreau of that mention all the children, the subject of 

city (the original register we have not this sketch was undoubtedly one of those 

»een), gives the age as 72 years, which not mentioned in that work. We feel 

would correspond with Gov. Tryon's confident that the Louis-Luc de la Corne 

•tatment in 1777. St. Luc's mother, in born in 1703, was not the leader of 

•pplying for a pension after his father's Burgoynes Indians. ['F. U. 194.] 
death, represented that the had twelve 



S2^ appendix No. 17. 

and children, of our Colonies, in the late war, in the most in- 
human manner ; who has been a head and leader of the 
Canadian3, and all the Indians, now finding, that notwith- 
standing all his wiles and falsehoods," &c., &c.3* That St. 
Luc was a man of education his letter to Burgoyne, and his 
journal of the voyage of the Auguste^ clearly indicate ; while 
the offices, civil and military, held by him, prove that he had 
high standing in Canada. Le Moine says of him — " Being a 
man of rank, talent and courage, high civil and military honors 
were soon within his reach. "^^ His modes of warfare show 
that he was brutal and sanguinary ; and his unrelenting hostility 
to the Americans, though so recent a subject of the British 
king himself, manifests the most bitter vindictivcness. He 
was grasping, avaricious and unprincipled ; for Mrs. Johnson, 
of Charlestown, N. H., who, with her family, was captured 
by the Indians in the summer of 1754, and retained in Canada 
till the autumn of 1757, relates, in the narrative of her 
captivity, that St. Luc defrauded her out of four hundred and 
thirty-eight dollars, and withheld from her an order for seven 
hundred livres more.^-* The very fact of his cheerfully leading 
savages denotes that he himself was at heart but little better 
than they. Bancroft characterizes him, as " a man who joined 
the reflective malice of civilization to the remorseless cruelty 
of the savage." 35 ['F. T. 309, 310: L. N. 167. ^F. U. 
202. 3i. s. 32. 4i. s. 112, 132: L. M. M. 31. 5i. s. 
183,213. q. S. 345, 500,914. 7l. S. 629. n. S. 750, 
817,850. 9G. Y.Y.I 18. '"I. S. 1086. "I. P. 590 : C. B. 
269: G. Y. Y. 119. "J. F. >3K. D. 135: E. 924,925. 
'*M. O. 337. -sK. Y. 51-53: E. 973, 1095, 1096, 1098. 
'«E. 973, 1342. ^7K. Y., 81. '^K, Y. 88. '9H. X. 104: 



Appendix No. i8. 537 

F. 156. "^F. 1515, "K. Y. loi: F. 1482: H. 609, 769. 
"K. Y. 143. »3A. K. 326. '"I. R. 707. ='5G. V. 146: B. 
N. 49, 50. »^M. H. 308-312. '^M. I. 324. '-SF. H. 124. 
»9A. V. 185. '"K. A. 14. 3'L. N. 167: L. O: F. T: A. 
X. 142. 3»E. 973, 1095. 33G. Y. Y. 117. mD. E. 218. 
3SA. J. 365.] 



NO. 18. 

Lieut., afterwards Admiral, John Schank.. 

John Schank was descended from a very ancient family in 
Mid Lothian, a branch of which settled at Kinghorn, in 
Fifeshire, Scotland, and got lands there in the reign of Robert 
Bruce, in 1319. He was the son of Alexander Schank of 
Castlereg, Fifeshire, by his wife, Mary, daughter of John 
Burnet, minister at Moniemusk, Aberdeenshire, and was born 
about the year 1740. He went to sea in the merchant service 
at an early age; and in 1 757 served for the first time on a 
man of war, the Elizabeth, of 74 guns, commanded by Sir 
Hugh Palliser. He subsequently sailed in the frigate Emerald 
under Capt., afterwards Sir Charles Douglas, with whom he 
went to the North Cape of Lapland, in 1768, to observe the 
transit of Venus. After his return he gallantly saved the life 
of Mr. Whitworth, a son of Sir Charles, and brother of Lord 
Whitworth, who was upset in a small boat in Portsmouth 
harbor, and afterwards lost in America while serving under 
Lord Howe. About 1771 he joined the Princess Amelia, of 
80 guns, then fitting for the flag of Sir George B. Rodney, 
68 



53^ Appendix No. i8. 

who had recently been appointed to the command on the 
Jamaica station. He was subsequently a midshipman for some 
time on the Barfleur, of 98 guns, in which he came to America, 
where he met Earl Percy, afterwards the Duke of North- 
umberland, in conversation with whom he first suggested the 
idea of centreboard boats. In illustration of his idea he built 
a boat, in 1774, for Lord Percy, then in Boston ; and it 
realized all his expectations. He afterwards very greatly and 
very successfully developed this invention.' 

The following letter from Schank to Gen. Haldimand shows 
the writer's whereabouts and desire to get on, in the autumn of 

1775- 

" On Board the Preston in Boston Harbour 

" October the %th^ ^775- 
" Sir : 1 Beg the liberty of your excusing the liberty I have 
taken in writing you, as also in troubling you with a list of the 
killed and wounded : I beg you'll be so good as to mention me 
to Sir Hugh Palliser with whom I sail'd last War (and as Pro- 
motions are more frequent than usuall I may get a commission 
soon. Please to present my compliments to Capt. Prim and 
excuse the liberty of me who is with 
" Respect Your 

" Most obed't 

" Humble servant 

" John Schank.' 
" To Gen. Haldimand." 

After eighteen years laborious service in subordinate posi- 
tions, in which he conspicuously distinguished himself, he was 



Appendix No. i8. 539 

promoted to a lieutenancy in June, 1776, and appointed to the 
command of the Canceaux, an armed schooner of ten guns, 
and then employed on the River St. Lawrence. This command 
he retained for a considerable time, at least in name, for almost 
immediately after assuming it, being recommended by Admiral 
Vandeput, under whom he had served in India, as a proper 
person to fit out a flotilla, he was appointed superintendent of 
the naval department at St. Johns.' Sir Guy Carleton thus 
wrote to Gen. Burgoyne about this officer : — 

"Quebec, ibth July, I'J'jd. 
c< * * Timber and materials compleat for another vessel 
is going to be sent up to you from hence, with all possible 
expedition. A Lt. Shanks is to have the inspecting of the 
building of it, and afterwards to command it on the Lake, 
subject, however, to the command of Captain Pringle, and 
Major-Gen. Phillips, in like manner as the officers on that 
service. Mr. Shanks promises and will struggle hard to have 
his vessel the first upon the Lake."^ 

Schank, evidently, fulfilled the promise in Carleton's letter, 
as the building of the ship Inflexible of over 300 tons, mount- 
ing eighteen 12 pdrs., which he afterwards commanded and 
fought, was a marked feat of celerity. She was originally put 
on the stocks at Quebec where her floors were all laid, and 
some of her timbers put in. Then she was taken apart and 
carried up the St. Lawrence to Chambly, and from there to 
St. John's where she was set up again and finished. Her keel 
was laid the second time on the morning of Sept. 2d, 1776, and 
by sunset on that day, not only was she as far advanced in her 



540 Appendix No. 18. 

new location as she had been at Quebec, but a considerable 
quantity of fresh timber was also got out and formed into 
futtocks, top timbers, beams, planks, &c,; as it was no un- 
common thing for trees, growing at dawn of day, to form parts 
of the ship before night. Twenty-eight days from laying the 
keel, being Sept. 30th, the Inflexible was launched ; and, in 
the evening of Oct. ist, she sailed completely manned, 
victualled, and equipped for service. Ten days- later she 
formed part of the fleet which engaged and beat Gen. Arnold's 
flotilla on Lake Champlain, so that Lieut. Schank's ship building 
exploit consisted in constructing a ship in six weeks from the 
time of his laying her keel to the time he fought her success- 
fully against the enemy. One of the most remarkable parts 
of this feat was that there were only sixteen ship-wrights to 
build her, one of whom, on the third day, vi^as so badly cut 
with an adze as to be of little service.' 

All of Lieut. Schank's endeavours, however, were not 
equally successful, for Anburey says, in writing from 
Montreal, — " There are two schooners here, the Carleton and 
Maria, which were built in England upon a construction to 
take to pieces, in order to be transported across a carrying- 
place of about two miles. After their sailing from England to 
the mouth of the rapids, which prevented their proceeding up 
to St. John's, rather than lose the time of taking them to 
pieces, and re-constructing them. Lieutenant Schank, of the 
navy, an ingenious officer, informed General Carleton, that 
they might be conveyed upon a cradle over land to St. John's 
entire, provided there was a good road made for them. The 
General acquiesced in this gentleman's proposal, and the whole 
army were employed in making a road. One of the vessels was 



Appendix No. i8. 5+1 

near half a mile on it, by means of cables fixed to windlasses 
every twenty yards \ but the General perceiving this mode of 
conveyance would take up more time than the other, gave 
orders to have the schooners taken to pieces and rebuilt, 
which was accomplished in as short a space of time as they 
had been creeping that small distance upon land."* 

His services, however, were not solely confined to the 
naval department : he attended the army under Gen. 
Burgoynes, and became not only the inventor, but the con- 
structor of several floating bridges, by the assistance of which 
its progress was materially aided ; and without which it would 
have been, in all probability, totally impeded much sooner than 
it really was. They were so constructed as to be capable of 
navigating themselves ; and were not only absolutely equipped 
with masts and sails for that purpose, but having been built at 
the distance of seventy miles from Crown Point, were actually 
conveyed thither without difficulty for the purpose of forming 
a bridge at that place. These floating bridges, like the army 
intended to pass over them, fell into the hands of the 
Americans.' 

Besides fitting out and equipping armaments on the great 
lakes, Lieut. Schank had the direction of four dock yards at 
the same time, located at St. John's, Quebec, Carleton Island, 
and Detroit. His mechanical skill and energy were most 
creditably united to a thoroughly economical expenditure of the 
public money ; a trait deserving the highest praise at a time 
when pelf and peculation were the well nigh invariable charac- 
teristics of British disbursing officers. He was, practically, 
the civil commander-in-chief, as he discharged all the conjunct 



54-2 Appendix No, i8. 

duties of the Admiralty and Navy Boards; and with such con- 
spicuous energy and merit as to elicit the highest encomiums 
from the admiral commanding on that station, as well as the 
governor general of Canada and military commander-in-chief.' 

Though he rendered such laborious and meritorious service 
in America, his field of action rather retarded his promotion, 
and we find Gen. Haldimand writing to Lord George Ger- 
maine as follows : — 

Quebec, ^\th March ^ i779- 
"My Lord. 

" The great Promotions in point of rank throughout the 
Navy and the great prospect of Prize Money when Hostilities 
were^commenced against France, brought me numerous appli- 
cations from the several sea officers serving on the Lakes, for 
my Permission to return into their own line of Duty, and I 
have complied with those applications as far as in every degree 
consistent with the Naval Defence of this Province, insomuch 
that I have now only Two Sea Officers left under my Com- 
mand ; they are both Gentlemen of great merit and long 
services. Lieut. John Schank distinguished himself, in 1776 
in the construction of the Naval Armament on Lake 
Champlain, and in its successful operations, has since been 
very actively employed as Senior Naval Officer and Commis- 
sioner on the Lakes Ontario and Erie. 

" Lieut. Wm. Chambers commands on Lake Champlain. * * 
** I hope your Lordship will not think me troublesome if I 
request your interest to obtain for these Gentlemen the Rank 
of Master and Commander which will still add to the Authority 
they receive from me, and with which these gentlemen have 



Appendix No. i8. 5^1.3 

promised to serve with cheerfulness in their present station 
during the present War and contest, without the chance of 
sharing any part of the numerous prizes we hope their Brother 
Officers will become masters of." ^ 

April 8, 1780, after more than a year's delay, the desired 
commissions promoting Schanlc and Chambers to be masters 
and commanders in the navy, were forwarded from the Ad- 
miralty to Gen. Haldimand^ ; although the former had held 
that position by local appointment for about two years. ^ 

Capt. Schanlc was promoted to the grade of post-captain Aug. 
15, 1783.' He became a member of the Board of Transport 
Service Sept. 25, 1793^; and, in 1794, he was appointed prin- 
cipal agent of transports composing a part of the formidable 
expedition to the West Indies under Sir John Jervis after- 
wards Earl of St. Vincent, and Gen. Sir Charles Grey, after- 
wards Lord Grey de Howick ; the duties of which arduous 
post he discharged with singular fidelity and ability. When the 
British troops were compelled to quit Flanders and retire into 
Holland, whither they were followed by the armies of the 
French Convention, Capt. Schanlc was appointed superintendent 
of all transports or vessels employed in the various services of 
conveying either troops, stores, or property, from one country 
to the other. When the French acquisition of coast caused 
the British to apprehend an invasion of their own country a 
new and formidable system of defence was, by the orders of 
the Board of Admiralty, perfected, arranged, and completely 
carried into execution under the direction of Capt. Schanlc 
to whom was confided the defence of the whole coast from 
Portsmouth to Berwick upon Tweed. This extensive and 



544- Appendix No. i8. 

important command was a signal tribute to his ability ; and the 
manner of its discharge gave him a further claim on the grati- 
tude of his country.' He was again appointed a Commissioner 
of the Board of Transport Service on its reorganization, Dec. 
13, 1798, which position he held until 1802^, when an opthal- 
mic complaint compelled his retirement from active duty. 

After more than forty years service he obtained his flag, 
being promoted to rear-admiral of the Blue Nov. 9, 1805.'° 
His subsequent promotions were as follows : — rear-admiral of 
the White April 28, 1808" ; rear-admiral of the Red Oct. 25, 
1809'^; vice-admiral of the Blue July 31, 1810^3 ; vice-admiral 
of the White Dec. 4, 1813"*; vice-admiral of the Red June 
4, 1814^5 ; and admiral of the Blue July 19, 1821.'^ 

He was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and was one of the 
original members of the Society for improving Naval Archi- 
tecture. Some of the papers published by this latter society 
were his ; and in 1793 he published " A Sketch of two Boats, 
and a Cutter with sliding keels," folio. Though a gallant 
officer, yet his mechanical and engineering genius was his dis- 
tinguishing characteristic. In his earlier years he invented a 
cot, so arranged by means of pullevs and castors that the occu- 
pant could raise or lower it, or change its location at will. 
Later in life, besides his sliding keels already adverted to, he 
seems '' to have been the inventor of gunboats with movable 
sides, for firing guns in any direction. He likewise fitted the 
Wolverine sloop with the inclined plane in her gun carriages, 
which is justly considered as the greatest modern invention in 
gunnery." ' 



Appendix No. 19. 545 

The subject of this sketch married, first, Mrs. FitzGerald, 
widow of Gen. FitzGerald ; and, second, Miss Margaret 
Grant, sister of the late Master of the Rolls, Sir William 
Grant. By his first wife he left one daughter, Margaret, who 
married Capt. John Wight of the royal navy, afterwards a vice- 
admiral of the White. This daughter died in 1812, leaving 
three sons and a daughter. Her third and surviving son, John 
Mackellar Skeene Grieve Wight, assumed by royal license 
dated June 13, 1840, the surname and arms of Schank, in lieu 
of his patronymic, Wight, and succeeded to the Schank ances- 
tral estate of Barton House. 

Admiral Schank died March 6, 1823, at Barton House, 
Dawlish, in Devonshire, in the 83d year of his age.""'^ ['S. 
392-402: I. B. 324-332: E. P. P. 8r : B. M. 107-112. 
•F. J. 228. 3F. B. 85. "O. 133. 5K. M. 154. «F. H. 
218,219. 'F. I. 97. ^F. L. 12. 9A. T. Ill, ^//>w/. '°E. 
D. 1232. "E. E. 551. '=•£. F. 1229. •3E. H. 182. '^e. I. 
697. 'sE. J. 695. ■«£. O. 174. '7B. T. 1067.] 



NO. 19. 

Major Jeremiah French, 

Jeremiah French was commissioned as ensign of the 59th 
Foot March 4, 1760 ; as lieutenant Feb. 13, 1762; as 
captain of the 29th Foot Dec. 7, 1764 ; as major therein July 
26, 1773; and as lieut. -colonel of the 31st Foot Sept. 13, 
1777.' Both the 29th and 31st Regts. went to Canada in the 
69 



54^ Appendix No. 20. 

spring of 1776 to reinforce Gen. Carleton, and both remained 
in that province throughout the Revolutionary War, save only 
their flank companies, which formed a part of the light-brigade 
on Burgoyne's expedition. Lieut. -Colonel French served in 
Canada throughout the war, and in June, 1776, had command 
of the town of Montreal.' He became a colonel in the army 
Nov. 20, 1782, and his name appears in the Army Lists for 
the last time in 1788.' He died at Parsons-Town, King's 
County, Ireland, in 1819, in his 89th year.3 ['B. H. »F. B. 
20. 3R. 461.] 



NO. %0. 

Capt. Littlejohn. 

All we have been able to glean in regard to Mr. [or Captain, 
so called,] Littlejohn, is that he subsequently came to grief, as 
appears by a letter from Sir Guy Carleton to Gen. Phillips, 
dated June 17, 1777, in which, after directing that Littlejohn 
be immediately suspended, Sir Guy goes on to say, "that you 
will order with respect to him what further you shall think 
necessary to oblige him to account for the money he has been 
entrusted with. It was never," Sir Guy adds, " with my 
approbation nor do I know by what means any came into his 
hands ; I must beg you will find a proper person to replace 
Mr. Littlejohn." [F. B. 530.] 



Appendix No, 21. 54-7 

NO. 21. 

Brig. Gen. Allan Maclean. 
Allan Maclean was the third son of Donald, the fitth 
Maclean of Torloisk, in the west of Scotland, by his wife 
Mary, a daughter of Campbell of Sutherland. Allan began 
his military career in the service of Holland, the Scotch 
Brigade to which he belonged, being sometimes called the 
Dutch Brigade, because it was in the pay of the States 
General.' At the siege of Bergen-op zoom, in 1747, a portion 
of the Scotch Brigade cut its way with great loss through the 
French, who had forced an entrance into the streets of the 
town, but Lieuts. Francis Maclean and Allan Maclean of that 
brigade, were taken prisoners and carried before Gen. Lowen- 
dahl, who thus addressed them: "Gentlemen, consider 
yourselves on parole. If all had conducted themselves as you 
and your brave corps have done, 1 should not now be master 
of Bergen-op zoom."^ 

Allan Maclean subsequently entered the British service, 
and, on January 8th, 1756, became a lieutenant in the 4th 
Battalion of the 62d (afterwards the 60th), or Royal American 
Regiment,3 of which he was for sometime adjutant. He was 
present at Abercrombv's unsuccessful attack on Ticonderoga, 
July 8th, 1758, where he was severely wounded " January 
i6th, 1759, he was commissioned as captain of an Independent 
Company then stationed at New York3 ; and with this com- 
pany he was present at the action preceding the surrender of 
Niagara, where he was again dangerously wounded. After 



54-8 Appendix No, 21. 

active fighting in Canada and on the northern fron.ier had 
ceased, Capt. Maclean returned to Great Britain, where the 
government shortly after granted him *' letters of service " for 
embodying a battalion of six hundred men, with the privilege 
of nominating its complement of officers." This battalion, 
which was numbered the 114th Foot, and known as the Royal 
Highland Volunteers, and of which he was appointed major 
commandant October i8th, 17613, saw no active service ; and 
from its ranks recruits were drawn for the Highland regiments 
in America and Germany. 5 It was reduced at the peace of 
1763, when Major Maclean went upon half-pay. He became 
a lieut. colonel in the army May 25th, 1772'; and early in 
1775 he devised a colonization scheme which brought him to 
America, landing in New York the latter part of May in that 
year.^" He next visited Boston, where, on the 13th of June, 
he received from Gen. Gage, the British commander-in-chief 
in America, power to raise a battalion of provincials for the 
King's service ; this being the inception of what subsequently 
became the Royal Highland Emigrants. ^ His intentions 
getting wind^ he hastened back to New York where he was 
arrested by order of Congress, but he obtained his release by 
denying that he was interfering in the dispute between the 
colonies and the mother country. 9 Leaving New York he 
repaired to Col. Guy Johnson on the Mohawk, and thence 
proceeded to Oswego, and so to Canada, where under the 
auspices of Gen. Carleton, he at once set about organizing his 
corps. '° 

a. The Royal Warrant and Articles of found in vol. viii, of Documents, relating 
Association giving the full details of Col. to the Colonial History of the State of 
Maclean's colonization scheme, can be New York pp. 562-564. 



Appendix No, 21. 549 

The Royal Highland Emigrants consisted of two battalions, 
and the commander-in-chief in America was colonel ex officio, 
Allan Maclean was appointed lieut. -colonel commandant of 
the First Battalion, which was to be raised from the Hic^hland 
emigrants in Canada, and the discharged men of the 42d Foot, 
or Black Watch, afterwards the Royal Highland Regiment, and 
from Montgomery's and Fraser's Highlanders, who had settled 
in that country after the peace of 1763. Capt. John Small, 
formerly of the 42d, and then of the 21st Foot, was appointed 
major commandant of the Second Battalion, which was to be 
completed in Nova Scotia from emigrants and discharged 
Highland soldiers, and where it afterwards served under Brig.- 
Gen. Francis Maclean, who, when a lieutenant in the Dutch 
service, was taken prisoner at Bergen-op-zoom, in 1747, with 
the subject of this sketch. The establishment of each 
battalion was seven hundred and fifty-men, with officers in pro- 
portion", until Dec. 25, 1780, when the establishment of the 
First Battalion became twelve companies, each consisting of 
three sergeants, four corporals, two drummers, and fifty-six 
privates, including three contingent men, with two fifers for 
the Grenadier company, and the usual commissioned and staff 
officers.'" Great inducements were offered for recruits, as will 
be seen by the following circular, issued in 1775 over Col. 
Maclean's own signature, and which corresponds with the 
terms of the Royal warrant conferred on him in the coloniza- 
tion scheme. 

" Conditions to be given to such soldiers as will engage in 
the Royal Highland Emigrants. 

" They are to engage during the present trouble in America 
only. Each soldier is to have two hundred acres of land in 



550 Appendix No, 21. 

any Province in North America he shall think proper, the 
King to pay the Patent fees, Secretary's fees, and Surveyor 
General's ; besides twenty years free of quit rent ; each 
married man gets fifty acres for his wife, and fifty for each 
child on the same terms. And as a gratuity, besides the above 
great terms, one guinea levy money. 

" Allan Maclean, 

" Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant. "'' 

According to Henry, a private in Smith's Riflemen, who 
was taken prisoner in the American assault on Quebec, the 
ranks of the Royal Highland Emigrants were likewise 
attempted to be recruited by other and more questionable 
means. In his account of Arnold's Campaign against Quebec, 
Henry writes, — " January 4th, [1776] or the next day, we were 
visited by Colonel Maclean, an old man, attended by other 
officers, for a peculiar purpose, that is, to ascertain who among 
us were born in Europe. We had many Irishmen, and some 
Englishmen. The question was put to each ; those who 
admitted a British birth, were told they must serve his majesty 
in Colonel Maclean's regiment, a new corps called the emigrants. 
Our poor fellows, under the fearful penalty of being carried to 
Britain, there to be tried for treason, were compelled by 
necessity, and many of them did enlist."''' Joseph Ware, who 
likewise accompanied Arnold through the wilderness, and was 
also taken at the assault upon Quebec, has given us the 
names of 94 of his fellow prisoners who "listed in the King's 
service ;" the majority, if not all of whom, doubtless entered 
the Emigrants as the result of Col. Maclean's peculiar argu- 
ment, '5 The value of such methods of recruiting is shown by 



Appe?idix No, 2 1. 551 

a British officer who wrote in his Journal during the same siege, 
under date of P'eb. 16, 1776, as follows : "This morning all 
the prisoners that had entered into Colonel McLean's corps 
(in consequence of the frequent desertion among them) were 
again sent to gaol, a circumstance which has seemingly aiven 
great satisfaction to all the other members of the garrison, as 
this plan is the only effectual one that can be devised to frus- 
trate their traitorous designs."'^ 

Quebec would undoubtedly have fallen into Gen. Arnold's 
hands when he suddenly appeared before it, in November, 1775, 
had not Col. Maclean, hearing of the American advance, pre- 
cipitately thrown himself with a part of his corps into the city.'' 
During the siege by Montgomery and Arnold, the Royal 
Highland Emigrants took an active part in resisting the in- 
vaders. Gen. Guy Carleton, the British commander-in-chief, 
being occupied in preparations for the general defence of the 
colony, the immediate defence of the town devolved upon 
Lieut. -Col. Maclean who conducted it with much ability, 
for which he was honored with the royal approbation.'^ 
During the siege he suffered an injury to his leg whereby he 
lost the use of it in a great measure for the rest of his life.'' 
After the American retreat from Canada the First Battalion of 
the Emigrants remained in the province during the war, and 
was principally employed in small but harassing enterprises.** 
Lieut. -Col. Maclean was appointed adjutant-general of the army 
in Canada May 11, 1776, a position he continued to hold till 
his appointment as a brigadier-general, June 6, 1777, when he 
was placed in command at Montreal." On the 23d of the 
following September he was ordered, with St. Leger's force and 



552 Appendix No. 2 i . 

the 31st Regt., to the relief of Gen Powell at Ticonderoga, 
which post was being threatened by the Americans. That 
service was to be of short duration, and he was to send 
forward St. Leger's force to Burgoyne, and return with the 
31st, when Ticonderoga had been relieved. As dangers 
thickened round Burgoyne's command, Maclean, on the 
20th of October, was ordered with the 31st Regt. and his 
own battalion of the Royal Highland Emigrants, to Chimney 
Point, to fortify there, to preserve communication with Ticon- 
deroga ; and there he remained until the latter post was 
abandoned the next month, when he was ordered to 
Quebec." 

As Lieut. -Col. Maclean had been promised rank and estab- 
lishment for his corps, which had not been conferred, he left 
Quebec July 27, 1776, for England, and arrived in London on 
the 2d of the following September, in order to get the promises 
redeemed, if possible. "3 He returned to Canada the following 
spring, arriving at Quebec May 28, 1777, in his Majesty's 
ship Tartar."'* His mission was unsuccessful, and it was not 
till nearly two years later that he accomplished his purpose. 
In 1778 he accompanied Sir Guy Carleton to England^^^ and 
made a personal, and this time a successful appeal to ihe king 
in behalf of the regiment, which was then received into the 
regular British army^^, and numbered as the 84th Foot, His 
commission as lieut.-colonel of the 84th dates from June 12, 
17753, that being within a day of the date of his appointment 
by Gen. Gage. 

The London Chronicle oi Oct. 1-3, 1778, informs us that 
"Yesterday" (Thursday, Oct. i)"the Quebec merchants 



Appendix No, 21. 553 

gave an elegant entertaimncnt at the London Tavern to Sir 
Guy Carleton, General iVlaclean, and Peter Livius, Esq., Chief 
Justice ot that Province, lately arrived from thence, as a mark 
of their respect for gentlemen who behaved so gallantly in de- 
fence of the city of Quebec when besieged by the rebels in 
1775." Gen. Maclean sailed from Spithead, with his family, 
on his return to Canada, May I, 1779, and arrived at Quebec 
on the i6th ot the following August. ^^ 

He became a colonel in the army Nov. [7, 1780^, and in the 
winter of 1782 he had command of the posts from Oswe- 
gatchie to Michilimackinac "^ About this time he had some 
difficulty with the German Major-General Riedesel, in which 
Gen. Haldimand seems to have sympathized with the latter, as 
he speaks of Maclean's " bad conduct," and writes to Riedesel, 
under date of Dec. 19, 1782, as follows : — "I believe, also, 
that his majesty has too good an opinion of my honor, than to 
pay no attention to the reports I have sent him \ and I hope, 
therefore, that Mr. McLean's true character will then be found 
out." Again, under date of Jan. 13, 1783, Haldimand wrote 
to Riedesel in this wise : — '' McLean, inflated with arrogance, 
will omit nothing to gain adherents; and, if the least oppor- 
tunity is given him, will soon consider himself a man of import- 
ance. I should stir him up myself if he would stay here ; but 
I will communicate to you some information showing you his 
character in a yet different light." "9 

Soon after the peace of 1783, the 84th was reduced and the 

officers went upon half-pay3, when General Maclean retired 

from the service. He married Janet, daughter of Donald 

Maclean of the house of Brolas, and sister of General Sir Fitz- 

70 



554- Appendix No. 2 i . 

roy Maclean, of Maclean, and died in London in March, 1797 
without issue. " Few men of his day," says the historian of 
the Clan Maclean, " were more universally respected than 
General Allan Maclean ; pre-eminently distinguished for the 
high attributes of the brave soldier and the good man, he has left 
a name which will long continue to be spoken of with the re- 
spect so justly due to the memory of the good and the brave." ' 

Allan Maclean of Torloisk, whose life has just been sketched, 
has been confused by some writers — notably by Major-General 
Stewart, in his Sketches of the Highlanders, 11, 78, 82 ; by 
Browne, who has borrowed very largely from Stewart, in his 
History of the Highlands and the Highland Clans, iv, 242 note 
and 244 ; by Dr. O'Callaghan, in his note to vol. viii, 363, of 
Documents relating to the Colonial History of the :)tate of 
New York ; and by Gen. de Peyster, in Wilson's Orderly 
Book, p. 9, note, — with Allan Maclean of Brolas, who suc- 
ceeded to a baronetcy in October, 1750. This latter officer 
embraced a military life in his youth, and served in different parts 
of the globe. The first notice of bis military career is as captain 
under the Earl of Drumlanrig in the service of Holland. July 
i6th, 1757, he became a captain in Montgomery's Highlanders 
(known also, at different times as the First Highland Battalion, 
the 62d Foot,^ and the 77th Foot), and major in the 1 19th Foot, 

b. As both Montgomery's Highlanders date Jan, 4, 1757. Not being numbered 

and the Royal American Regiment, are it was designated in the Army List of 

spoken of in the above note as the 62d, 1757, as the First Highland Battalion, 

a few words of explanation may not be In the first edition of the Army List of 

amiss. 1758 it was numbered as the 62d Foot, 

The regiment popularly called Mont- but, in a subsequent edition for that year, 

gomery's Highlanders, was raised among its number was changed to the 77th, 

the Highland clans of Scotland by which designation it retained until it was 

Archibald Montgomery, whose commis- disbanded shortly after the peace of 

sion as lieut. -colonel commandant bore 1763. 



Appe7idix No, 21. ^^^ 

or the Prince's Own, June 25th, 1762. His corps being re- 
duced at the peace of 1763, he went upon half-pay ; and 
though he attained the rank of licut. -colonel in the army, May 
25th, 1772, he never returned to active service, but remained 
on half-pay as major of the late 1 19th, until his death December 
loth, 1783. Sir Allan Maclean married Anna, daughter of 
Hector Maclean of Coll, by whom he had three daughters and 
a son -, but as the latter died in childhood, he was succeeded 
in the baronetcy by a collateral branch. 3° ['H. W. 351-356. 
^L. G. 78. 3M. H. "H. E. 176. SB. J. 368, note. eC. C. 
426: I. R. 562, etpost, 583. ^Y. E. 124. ^I. R. 589. 9F. 
290. '°K. U. 262. "L. G. 209. "F. E. 166. '3E. 4. "tp. 
R. 136. -51. I. 133. .9j 2:. 49. -yL. G. 210. '^H. 1005 : 
F. B. 188. -^F. H. 258. ^°L. G. 211. ^-F. E. i, 77: F. C. 
129. "F. C. 23, 24, 91, 98, 329: F. E. 85, 89. «3l. 
626. ^^J. J. ^5j. o. ^«H. J. 278, 339. ^^]. P. 'sp Y.. 
208. ^K. N. 148, 149, 154. 30B. H: H. W. 207, 209 : 
I. Z. App. 348, 349.] 

The Royal American Regiment wai List of 1825, and that, in turn, was iuper- 

raised in 1756, and was numbered as the seded in the Army List of 1831, by 

62d Foot; but in 1758 its number was "The King's Royal Rifle Corps," which 

changed to the 60th, and so '.t now latter name the 60th still retains, 

remains. It originally had four battalions, The regiment on Burgoyne's expedi- 

but itJ 3d and 4th were disbanded at the tion which was numbered as the 62d, was 

peace of 1763. Third and fourth battal- raised in 1755 as the 2d Battalion of the 

ions were added in 1778, and reduced in 4th, or King's Own Regiment of Foot. 

1783. The number of battalions was In 1758 it was detached from the 4th, 

raised to ten during the war of 1804-15, and numbered as t'le 62d Foot, and this 

eight of which were reduced in 1817-18. number it has ever since retained. Shortly 

The present 3d and 4th Battalions were after the peace of 1783 county designa- 

raised in 1855-58. The designation of tions were conferred, and the 62d has 

the 60th, as " The Royal American Reg- since then been also known as the Wilt- 

iment," gave place to "The Duke of shire Regiment. [B. H: L. X. 337.] 
York's Own Rifle Corps," in the Army 



5^6 Appendix No. 22. 

NO. 23. 

Lieut. Colonel Nicholas Sutherland. 

Nicholas Sutherland entered the British army June 14, 
1755, as an ensign in the Royal Americans, ot 62d, afterwards 
the 60th Foot. On the formation of the First Highland Bat- 
talion (Montgomery's Highlanders), subsequently numbered as 
the 62d, and then as the 77th, he was promoted to a lieuten- 
ancy therein Jan. 8, 1757, and to the captain-lieutenancy Sept. 
15, 1758.' He served with his regiment in America, and 
took part in the expedition against Fort Du Quesne, which 
was crowned with success, as the fort surrendered in Novem- 
ber of that year. His regiment formed part of the army under 
Gen. Amherst in 1759, and was detached against the Chero- 
kees in 1760, in which operations Capt. -Lieut. Sutherland was 
wounded.^ He was promoted to a captaincy Dec. 31, 1761% 
and served in the expedition against Martinico and Havana in 
1762.^ At the peace of 1763 his regiment was reduced, and 
he went upon half-pay, but returned to active duty March 14, 
1765, as captain in the 21st, or Royal North British Fuzileers, 
which regiment was then serving in America.' Feb. 21, 1772, 
he sold out his captaincy and purchased the majority of his 
regiment'" 3; and when it embarked for Canada in the spring 
of 1776 to reinforce Sir Guy Carleton, he accompanied it. 
Nov. 5, 1776, he became the lieutenant-colonel of the 47th 
Foot in place of Gen. Nesbit deceased, and this position he 
held until his death.' 

He took part in Burgoyne's campaign and his name is at- 
tached to the Cambridge Parole. He seems, according to 



Appendix No. 22. ^^'] 

Wilkinson, to have been an active instrumentality in bringing 
about the conclusion of the Saratoga Convention. The pre- 
liminary articles having been agreed upon between the opposing 
commanders, Burgoyne desired more time to settle '•' the several 
subordinate articles and regulations necessarily springing from 
these preliminaries, and requiring explanation and precision, 
between the parties, before a definitive treatv could be safely 
executed," and he therefore wrote to the American commander 
that he was willing "to appoint two officers immediately to 
meet two others from Major-general Gates, to propound, 
discuss, and settle those subordinate articles, in order that the 
treaty in due form may be executed as soon as possible." 
Lieut. -Col. Nicholas Sutherland, and Capt. James H. Craig 
of the 47th regiment, accordingly met Col. Wilkinson and 
Brig.-Gen. Whipple (of the militia), at a tent which had been 
pitched between the advance guards of the two armies just 
above Gen. Schuyler's saw mill, on the afternoon of Oct. 15th. 
Wilkinson says : — " Having produced and exchanged creden- 
tials, we proceeded to discuss the objects of our appointment, 
and at 8 o'clock P. m,, we signed and exchanged articles of 
capitulation, and separated to report to our respective Generals. 
Having performed this service, and received the approbation of 
my superior, I proceeded to mv daily duty, and on returning to 
headquarters about li o'clock p. M. found the following note 
from Captain Craig, to which I by order immediately returned 
the annexed answer. 

" ' Camp at Saratoga, 15th Oct. \ past 10 o'clock. 

'" Sir. 

" ' Upon reporting the proceedings of this evening to Lieuten- 
ant-general Burgoyne I was happy to receive his approbation 



^^S Appendix No. 22. 

and ready concurrence in every article that has been agreed on 
between us ; it however appears upon a retrospect of the 
treaty, that our zeal to complete it expeditiously has led us 
into the admission of a term in the title very different from his 
meaning, and that of the principal officers of this army, who 
have been consulted on this important occasion. We have, Sir, 
unguardedly called that a treaty of capitulation, which the army 
means only as a treaty of convention. With the single altera- 
tion of this word. Lieutenant-colonel Sutherland and myself 
will meet you at the stipulated time tomorrow morning with 
the fair copy signed by General Burgoyne. 

" ' I hope Sir, you will excuse my troubling you so late, but 
I thought it better than by any delay to prevent the speedy 
conclusion of a treaty which seems to be the wish of both 
parties, and which may prevent the further effusion of blood 
between us. I beg your immediate answer, and am 

" ' Sir. Your obedient and humble servant 

" ' James Henry Craig. Capt. 47th Reg. 

" ' Colonel Wilkinson ' 

" ' Colonel Wilkinson's compliments to Captain Craig, 
Major-general Gates will admit the alteration required. 
*' ' Oct. 15th, — at night.' 

" On the morning of the 16th, General Gates received 
another message from General Burgoyne, which excited a 
good deal of surprise and some indignation. "'♦ 

It seems that Burgoyne had received information that some 
of Gates' New York militia had left the preceding night, but 
the real motive of the British commander is thus explained by 
Gen. Riedesel. — " The unexpected arrival of a provincial in 



Appe7tdix No. 22. 559 

the night at once put a stop to the completion of the treaty. 
Indeed it came very near being entirely overthrown. This man 
stated that he had heard, through a third partv, that General 
Clinton had captured the fortifications on the highlands, and 
had arrived with the troops and fleet at ^sopus eight days 
previous ; and further, that by this time, he was very likely at 
Albany. Burgoyne and a few other officers were so en- 
couraged by this news, that they were greatly in favor of 
breaking the treaty. The council of war was accordingly 
once more called together, and the following questions laid 
before it: 

" 1st. Whether a treaty, which was about being completed 
by his deputies, ani which he himself had promised to sign, 
could be broken ? Fourteen voices against eight decided this 
question in the negative. 

" 2d. Whether the report of a man, whom nobody knew, 
was sufficient in our present situation to justify our refusal of 
so advantageous a treaty ? The same number of votes decided 
this also in the negative. Nor could the decision have been 
different. Everything rested on mere hearsay. Had this 
man been sent by Clinton, or had he seen the army himself, 
the matter would have been very different. 

" 3d. Whether the common soldiers possessed sufficient 
spirit to defend the present position of the army to the last 
man ? All the officers of the left wing answered this in the 
affirmative. Those of the centre and left wings gave a similar 
answer, provided the enemy were attacked ; but the men were 
too well acquainted with their defective position to display the 
same bravery in case they were themselves attacked. 



560 Appendix No, 22. 

" Finally, in order to gain time, it was resolved that 
Burgoyne should inform Gates by letter that he had been told 
by deserters and other reliable persons that he had sent a con- 
siderable corps of his army towards Albany, and that this being 
contrary to all faith, he (Burgoyne) could not give his signature 
without being convinced that the American army outnumbered 
his own by at least three or four to one ; Gates could there- 
fore name an officer of our army who might see for himself 
the number of the enemy ; and should Burgoyne, after hearing 
this officer's report, be convinced of the superior numbers of 
the Americans, he would at once sign the treaty. General 
Gates received this letter with considerable nonchalance^ but 
replied that he would give his word of honor that his army 
was just as strong now as it was previous to the treaty, and 
that having since then been reinforced by a lew brigades, it 
certainly did outnumber ours four to one, and this, too, 
without counting those troops that were on the other side of 
the Hudson and at Half Moon. He also gave Burgoyne to 
understand what it meant to break his word of honor, and 
offered to show his whole army to Burgoyne after the latter 
had signed the treaty, when he would find that everything he 
had stated was true. He then closed by giving Burgoyne no 
longer than one hour in which to answer, stating that at the 
expiration of that time he would adopt the most stringent 
measures. "5 

The one hour referred to by Gen. Riedesel was extended 
to two hours, and Wilkinson says: — "The interview with 
General Burgoyne had been spun out to such length, that 
General Gates became uneasy, and I found a messenger 
waiting at our picket, to know what I had done. I reported 



Appendix No, 22. 561 

in brief, what had passed, and what was depending ; and took 
a station near the ruins of General Schuyler's house, where 1 
walked, and expected with much anxiety, the result of General 
Burgoyne's consultation : the two hours had elapsed by a 
quarter, and an aid-de-camp from the General had been with 
me, to know how matters progressed ; soon after I perceived 
Lieutenant-colonel Sutherland opposite to me, and beckoned 
him to cross the creek ; on approaching me he observed, ' Well, 
our business will be knocked on the head after all.' I in- 
quired why ? He said, ' the officers had got the devil in their 
heads and could not agree.' I replied gaily, ' I am sorry for it, 
as you will now not only lose your fusee ' (which he had 
owned thirty-five years, and had desired me to except from the 
surrendered arms and save for him, as she was a favorite 
piece), ' but your whole baggage.' He expressed much sorrow 
but said he could not help it. At this moment I recollected 
the letter Captain Craig had written me the night before, and 
taking it from my pocket, I read it to the Colonel, who 
declared he had not been privy to it; and added with evident 
anxiety. ' Will you give me that letter.' I answered in the 
negative, and observed, ' I should hold it as a testimony of the 
good faith of a British commander.' He hastily replied, 
* Spare me that letter. Sir, and I pledge you my honour I will 
return it in fifteen minutes.' I penetrated the motive, and 
willingly handed it to him ; he sprang off with it, and directing 
his course to the British camp, ran as far as I could see him ; 
in the meantine I received a peremptory message from the 
General to break off the treaty, if the convention was not 
immediately ratified. I informed him by the messenger, that 
I was doing the best I could for him, and would see him in 

71 



562 Appendix No. 22. 

half an hour. Colonel Sutherland was punctual to his promise, 
and returned with Captain Craig, who delivered me the con- 
vention, signed by General Burgoyne, with an additional 
article specifically to include himself, which I engaged should 
be admitted by General Gates, and immediately sent to 
General Burgoyne. I then returned to head quarters after 
eight hours absence, and presented to General Gates the im- 
portant document, that made the British army conventional 
prisoners to the United States. ""^ 

Exactly when Lieut. -Col. Sutherland returned to England 
has not been ascertained, but there is no doubt of its having 
been prior to February, 1779, as he was commissioned lieut- 
colonei of the Sutherland Regiment of Fencible men in North 
Britain, Feb. 8, 1779.' Gen. Burgoyne in the State of the 
Expedition, when reviewing the evidence taken before a com- 
mittee of the House of Commons in May and June, 1779, uses 
this language : — ^' Of forty officers or more, belonging to the 
Convention troops, then in England, one only was proposed 
to be called on his Lordship's (Lord Germaine's) part, viz.: 
Lieutenant Colonel Sutherland, of the 47th regiment, upon 
parole from the Congress, and acting with a corps of the 
Fencible Men in North Britain ; but, upon further reflection, 
his Lordship thought proper to dispense with the attendance of 
this officer."^ 

Lieut.-Colonel Sutherland died July 18, 1781.7 ['B. H. 
»B. J. 246, 247. 3M. D. 222. -^M. T. 309-317. sK. M. 
183. «B. N.93. 7K.O.] 



INDEX. 



ACLAND, Lady Harriet, liii, Iv, 
Ixxxi, io6, 459. 
Maj. John Uyke, xlvi, lii, 88. 
Adams, Mr., 70. 

party, 71, 73. 
Additionals, 152,288. 
Additional companies, 140, 141. 
Advanced corps, 90, 93, 96, 97, 98, 

109, 137. 138, 143. 144- 
composition of, 159. 
Alarm Post, 75. 

Albany, 46, 47. 7i, "3. "6, 117, 132, 
202, 488, 526, 559. 
Eng., 146. 
Alfred, Am. Cruiser, 17, 32. 
Allen, Ethan, liv, Ivii, 157, 485, 492, 

502, 509, 523, 524. 
American Antiquarian Society, xiii, 28. 

prisoners, treatment of, loi. 
Ammunition to be inspected, 188. 
carts to be made, 249. 

how distributed, 254. 
order relating to, 31 1. 
instruction as to, 180, 181. 
orders as to, 205, 242, 244, 247, 

153. 254, 263, 264, 316. 
rounds of, per gun, 159. 
to be conveniently stored, 179. 
Amusements of British officers, 35. 
Anburey, Tliomas, xcvii, 7, 86, 372, 

4' 5. 489. 49 1 1 499. 500- 
Andre, Major, 378. 
Anhalt Zerbtt, Regt., of, 386. 
Anstruther, Lt. Col. John, xlii, 102, 

117, 269, 277. 
Apothecaries to report for orders, 182. 
Arlington, iii, 114. 
Armand, Col., 348. 
Arms to be inspected, 188. 
Army Rank, Ixxxvi. 
Arnold, Benedict, 17, 29, 31, 57. 99. 
"6, 336, 357, 356, 445. 447, 448. 

45°. 453- 



Arnold, Benedict, assault on Quebec, 50. 
order after battle of Free- 
man's Farm, 28. 
regt. of, 442. 

retreat from Valcour bay, 
24. 
Articles of war to be read, 232. 
Artificers, 84, 153, 197, 199, 203, 204, 

206, 324. 
Artillery, 38, 83, 91, 92, 94, 96, 144, 
147, 149, 150, 152, 153, 189, 
277, 289. 
ammunition, 179, 180. 
and stores, disposition of, 200. 
boats, 31. 
brigade, 90. 

to disembark, 183. 
with Fraser's corps, 247. 
brigades, composition of, 179. 

entrenching tools for, 179. 
cantonment, 190. 
carts, how to be loaded, 309. 
comm'y of horses, 310. 
detachments, how made, 252. 
disposition for campaign of 1 776, 

250. 
exercise, 319. 
fault found with, 307. 
horses, 188. 
men to serve in working parties, 

219. 
order relating to, 172. 
Park, 140, 143, 319. 
position at St. John's, 267. 
practice, 208, 247. 
quarters, 187. 
returns called for, 192. 
silence urged in use of, 180. 
stores, order relating to, 316. 
to be inspected on march, 312. 
transports, 200, 212. 
under comm'y of provisions, 223. 
Atherton, Mr., 71. 



5H 



Indi 



ex. 



Aubrey, Capt. Thomas, xcii, 170, 321, 

Auguste, the ship, 520. 
wreck of, 521. 
Authorities, xii, xvii. 

BAGGAGE, carriages required for, 
187. 
guard, 139. 

to be sick men, 188. 
money, 209, 216, 217. 
officers advised to deposit heavy, 

191. 
to be burned, when, 311. 
Bailey, Gen. Jacob, 28. 
Baillie, Lt. Alex., 291. 

Mackay Hugh, xlviii. 
Balcarres, Earl, xlvi, xlvii, lii, 88, 333, 

336, 462, 489. 
Baldwin, Lt. Charles, 214. 
Barner Battallion, Ixxix, 36. 
Barnes, Lt. John, xlii, xlviii, Ixxiv, 251. 
Barre, Col., 216. 
Barrington, Lord, xc, 433. 
Bat horses, 11 1, 113, 139, 142, 153. 
men, 1 1 3, 139. 
money, 209, 216, 217. 
Batting re^iulations, 195. 
Batteaux, i, 44, 80, 82, 85, 94, 95, 96, 
97, 100, 140, 143, 144, 153, 
200, 211, 258, 281. 
allotment of, 80. 

carrying cipacity to be tested, 280. 
Mr. Corbin in charge of, 274. 
Mr. Landrief inspector of, at Mon- 
treal, 193. 
to be examined, 302. 
Batten Kill, iii, 117, 119, 138, 144. 
Battle, Order in prospect of, 161. 
Baum, Lt. Col., Ivi, Ivii, Ixxviii, 66, in, 
118, 120, 129, 130, 133, 136, 

155. 294, 479. SH. 53°- 
Bayonet, advantages of, 74. 
Beacroft, Lt. Richard, 293, 324. 
Beau, Aimable le, 244. 
Beef rations ordered, 243. 
Belloeil (Belleisle), 243. 
Bell tents, 75. 
Bells of arms, 75, 76. 
Bemus Heights, Battle of, li, liii, 334, 

347, 513- 



Bennington, Battle 

66, III, iiS 
Bingley, Lord, 388, 
Biographical notices 
Acland, John 

Dyke, liii. 
Anburey, Thomas, 

xcvii. 
Anstruther, John, 

102. 
Arnold, Benedict, 

24. 
Aubrey, Thomas, 

321. 
Baillie, Alex., 291. 
Balcarres, Earl of, 

333- 
Baum, Frederick, 

III. 

Beacroft, Richard, 

293. 
Blomefield, Thos., 

361. 
Bolton, Mason, 

260. 
Borthwick, Wm., 

78. 
Bouc her ville, Capt., 

471- 

Breymann, Hein- 
rich C, 66. 

Brudenel, Edward, 
106, 218. 

Burgoyne, John, 
387. 

Carleton Christo- 
pher, 20. 

Sir Guy, 429. 
Thomas, 19. 

Carter, John, 91 . 

Chatham, 2d Earl 
of, 215. 

Clerges, George, 

Clerke, Sir Francis 

C, 145. 
Collier, Wm., 173. 
Cox, Wm., 223. 
Currie, Sam'l, 208. 
Dacres, James R., 

31- 



of, Ivi, Ixxvi, Ixxix, 

', 474, 530- 
389. 

Davids, Daniel, 

294 
Douglas, Sir Chas., 

296. 
Duer, Wm., 118. 
Dunbar, James, 

206. 
Duport, Robert, 

261. 
Dupree, St. Geo., 

276. 
Durnford, Andrew, 

133. 
Duvernet, Abram, 

225. 
Dysart, Richard, 

251. 
England, Poole, 

141. 
Farquahar, Wm., 

291. 
Forbes, Gordon, 

162. 
Forster, George, 99. 
Foy, Edward, 381. 
Francis, Ebenezer, 

85. 
Frascr, Alex., 473. 

Simon, 454. 
Freeman, ^uinn 

John, 176. 
French, Arthur, 
214. 
Jeremiah, 545. 
Gall, Col., 36. 
Gardner, Henry F., 

242. 
GiUiland,Wm., 57. 
Gordon, Harry, 
172. 

Patrick, 4. 
Gregg, Wm., 122. 
Hadden, Jas. M., 
xli. 

Robert, 51. 
Hale, Nathan, 

483- 



Index. 



565 



Hamilton, Gusta- 

vus, 214. 
James, 468. 
Harnage, Henry, 

269. 
Harrington, Earl 

of xlix, 367. 
Herrick, Samuel, 

124. 
Hill, John, 89. 
Hobart, David, 

126. 
Hosmer, Thomas, 

156. 
Houghton, Wm., 

209. 
Howe, Sir Wm., 

373- 
Jessup, Ebenezer, 

67. 

Edward, 67. 
Johnson, Sir John, 

201. 
Jones, Thos., 50. 

Valentine, 48. 
Kennedy, Hugh, 

229. 
Kingston, Robert, 

62. 
Knox, Rob't, 218. 
Lamb, Roger, xciii. 
Lanaudiere, Chas. 

L. T.,de, 135. 
Law, George, 137. 
Littlejohn, Capt., 

546. 
Lord, Simeon, 323. 
Macdonell, John, 

290. 
McFarlane, Wm., 

215. 
McKay, Samuel, 

39- 
Maclean, Allan, 

547- 
Merida, Edward F., 

211. 
Mitchelson, Walt., 

79' 
Money, John, 225. 

Monin, > 65. 



Murray, Jas., 10. 
Nairne, John, 284. 
Nesbit, Wm., 175. 
Nichols, Moses, 

123. 
Norman, Richard, 

246. 
Nutt, George A., 

44. 
O'Connell, Lauren- 

tius, 294. 
Pausch, Capt., 79. 
Peters, John, 477. 
Petersham, Lord, 

see Harrington, 

Earl of. 
Phillips, William, 

343- 
Phister, Francis, 

134. 
Pitt, John. See 

Chatham. 
Pomeroy, Arthur 

J., 210. 
Powell, Henry W., 

464. 
Power, Jas., 265. 
T. Bolton, 

264. 
Pringle, Thomas, 

17- 
Reid, Geo, no. 
Riedesel, Fred. A., 

37- 
Rimington, Sam 1, 

310. 
Rotten, John, 213. 
St. Leger, Barry, 

St. Luc, La Come, 

517- 
Saunders, Alex., 6. 
Schank, John, 537. 
Scott, Alex., 206. 
Skene, Philip, 505. 
Smith, Wm. P., 

178. 
Specht, Johann F., 

45- 
Steele, Thomas, 

337- 



Stephens, George, Twiss, Wm., 169. 
21 r Valiancy, George 

Stevelly, Joseph, P., 293. 

266. Walker, Ellis, 154, 

Stickney, Thomas, Waterbury, David, 

126. 439- 

Stopford, Jos., 2. Wilford, Richard 
Storey, Thomas, R., xlix. 

i^y. Williams, Griffith, 

Sutherland, Nich., 156. 

556 York, John H., 

Tayler, Wm. T., 178. 

324. 
Birch bark canoes, 19. 
Biscerne, Capt., 191. 
Blandford churchyard, 359. 
Blane, Sir Gilbert, 298, 300. 
Block-houses, 54. 

Blomefield, Capt. Thomas, xlviii, li, 
Ixxiv, 3, 156, 168, 254, 274, 
320, 361. 
Boat drill, 224, 249, 258. 
Boats to a battalion, 279. 
Bolton, James Clinton, xli. 

Lt. Col. Mason, 260, 278, 467. 
Borthwick.Capt. Wm., xlii, xlviii, Ixxiv, 
78, 102, 225. 

brigade of, 90, 199, 207, 

251, 287,465- 
company of, 80, 250, 253. 
Boston, 116, 330, 374, 378, 395. 548- 
BoucherviUe, 48, 185, 472, 524. 
family, 518. 
Capt., Ixxx, 153, 471. 473- 

corps of, 65. 
Marie Anne M. B. de, 535. 
BouQuet'Ferry, 55, 58, 62. 

river, 57, 58. 
Bouton, J. W., XXXV. 
Braddock, Gen., 529. 
Brattleborough, 113. 
Bread for rhe troops, 191. 
Breymann, Lt. Col., Ivi, Ixxviii, Ixxix, 
66, 118, 120, 136, 155, 530. 
corps of, 82, 93, 119, I47i 
149. '53. »59- 
Bricklayers wanted, 248, 254. 
Bridge of logi, 137. 

over Hudson river, 147, 150, 151. 
Bridges to be repaired, 235. 
Brigade ais't comm'y, 195. 



566 



Index . 



Brigades' weekly return, how made, 

212. 

British army in Canada, 36, 49. 

army lists, xcix. 

contempt for German troops, Ixxxv. 

fleet on Lake Champlain, 53. 

foot reg'ts, organization, Ixx. 

national ensign, 52. 

officers to dress like privates, Ixxi. 

prisoners, treatment of, 40. 
British Regts : 

1 6th [Queen's] Dragoons, xlviii, 59, 

387, 392, 393- 
Foot. 

8th [King's], 201. 
9th, 44, 68, 89, 90, 92, 94, 146, 152, 
159, 163, 164, 166, 176, 226, 
258, 267, 270, 271, 274, 277, 
278, 279, 283, 286, 339, 341, 
401, 402, 464, 469. 
colors saved, 90, 400. 
embarks for Canada, Ixvii. 
record, Ixv. 
strength, lix. 
uniform, Ixxii. 
2.0th, 44, 54, 68, 14s, 147, 152, 159, 
166, 184, 289, 464, 469. 
embarks for Canada, Ixvii. 
record, Ixiv, Ixv. 
strength, lix. 
uniform, Ixxii. 
ai8t, [Royal North British Fuzileers], 
Ixxiv, 44, 68, 97, 98, 99, 147, 
152, 159, 164, 176, 185, 187, 
189, 216, 233, 235, 257, 259, 
267, 268, 270, 271, 272, 277, 

^79. 464, 469- 
embarks for Canada, Ixvii. 
record, Ixii. 
strength, lix. 
uniform, Ixxii. 
a4th,lxi, 44, 152, 159, 164, 184, 185, 

186, 187, 190, 293. 
embarks for Canada, Ixvii. 
record, Ixv. 
strength, lix. 
uniform, Ixxii., 
a9tk, 38,49, 183, 190,201,259, 278, 

282, 283, 286, 288, 293, 372. 
embarks for Canada, Ixvi. 



British Regts : 

29th, Flank Go's., lix. 44. 

grenadier Co., 333, 368. 

record, Ixv. 

uniform, Ixxii. 
3i8t, lix, 49, 176, 21 6, 279, 292,464, 
466, 552. 

embarks for Canada, Ixvii, 

Flank Cos , lix, 44. 

record, Ixv. 

trouble about rum, 299, 302. 

uniform, Ixxii. 

33d, 48. 

detachment in Canada, Ix, 44, 67, 
320. 

embarks for America, Ixix, 

ordered to Canada, Ixviii. 

record, Ixv. 

uniform, Ixxii. 
34tk, lix, 44, 49, 233, 279, 386, 464, 
469. 

embarks for Canada, Ixvii. 

Flank Co's., lix, 44. 

record, xlvi. 

uniform, Ixxii. 
47th, 44, 68, 144, 147, 146, 152, 

160, 175, 194, 288, 321, 325, 464, 

record, Ixvi, Ixviii. 

strength, lix. 

trouble about rum, 299. 

uniform, Ixxii. 
5jd, 44, 68, 117,159. '85, 187, 189, 
234, 279, 464, 465, 769. 

embarks for Canada, Ixvii, 

record, Ixvi, 

strength, lix. 

uniform, Ixxii. 
60th [Royal American, 62d], account 

of, 555- 
62d, 44, 68, 102, 103, 117, 147, I5i> 
159, 164, 165, 166, 233, 249, 
258, 259, 267, 268, 270, 272, 
174, 277, 278, 279. 283, 286, 
289, 464, 465, 469. 

embarks for Canada, Ixvii, 

record, Ixvi, 555, 

strength, lix. 

uniform, Ixxii. 
74th [Argyle's Highlanders], 162, 



Indi 



ex. 



567 



British Regts : . , , -, 

76th [Macdonald's HighlandersJ, 

290. 
77th [Montgomery's Highlanders, ist 
Highland Batt.,62d], account of, 

554. 
78th [Fraser's Highlanders, 2d High- 
land Batt., 63d] account of, 
290. 
84th [Royal Highland EmigrantsJ, 
73, 290, 466. 
formation ot 548, 549» 'S^- 
85th [Royal volunteers], 369. 
114th [Royal Highland Vols.], 548- 
Queen's Loval Rangers, 477, 479- 
Royal Regt., of N. Y. [Queen's 
Loyal Americans, Johnson's 
Greens], 69, 202. 
Royal artillery, Ivi, Ix, 44, 50, 78, 79, 
91, 102, no, 140, 154, 156, 
168, 171. 178, 182; 209, 211, 
223, 225, 250, 310, 343, 386. 
band, 244. 
detachment embarks for 

Canada, Ixvii. 
organization, Ixxiv. 
uniform, Ixxii. 
horse art'y, xliv. 
engineers, Ixxvi. 
British regiments, when first numbered, 
Ixii. 
royal standard, 52. 
soldiers quartered on Canadians, 36. 
troops' cantonments, 190. 
British war ships : 

Aeolus, 333. Cerberus, 374, 395, 

Amazon, Ixviii. 4°3- 

Andromeda, 378. Ceres, 17, 32- 
Apollo, 396. Daedalus, 18. 

Ariadne, 17,18,32. Duke, 298. 
Assistance, 299. Elizabeth, 537. 

Barfleur, 32, 538. Emerald, 296, 537. 
Blonde, Ixvii, 31, Expedition, 32. 

177. 344> 395- Formidable, 298. 
Cambridge, 361. Fortune, 32. 

Canceaux, 539. Fowey, Z^^- 

Carleton, Ixxvii, Garland, Ixxui. 
23,26, 31, 32, Genoa Galley, 385 
S3, 270, 272, Grampus, 403. 
^73, 277, 280, Guerriere, 34. 
283, 540. Helena, 32. 



Inflexible, 53, 539, Princess Amelia, 

540. 537- 

Isis, Ixvi, 296, Racehorse, 32. 
368, 396. Raisonable, 18. 

Jersey, 29, 53. Royal Charlotte, 

Juno, Ixvii, 403. 451- 

Lee, 29, 53. George, 18, 

Lord Howe, 17. 44. S3- 

Maria, 17, S3, 57, St. Albans, 296. 

cAo. Surprise, Ixvi, 297. 

Marten, Ixvi, 32, Syren, 296. 

297. Tartar, 552. 

Montreal, 385, Tremendous, 18. 

436. Valiant, 18. 

Niger, Ixviii. Washington, 29, 53. 

Perseus, 32. Wolverine, 544. 

Preston, 538. Zebra, 32. 

Bromhead, Lt. Gonville, xlviii. . 
Broughton, the pugilist, death of, 228. 
Brown, Mr., wounded, 31. 
Col. John, 125, 465. 
Capt., in British navy, 149. 
Town Major oi Cambridge, 348. 
Lt. Richard shot, 348. 
Brudenell, Rev. Edward, Iv, 106, 218, 

460. 
Brunswick, 38, 4S. 
Duke of, 66. 
dragoon reg't, ill. 
grenadier batt., 294. 
guards, 294. 
Brunswickers, Ixvii, Ixviii, Ixxvii, 37, 45, 
66, 159, 183, 249, 289, 302, 
303, 384. 
first detachment, 37. 
in Canada, 36. 
Brymner, Douglas, xiv. 
Buchanan, Ensign Wm., xlviii. 
Bunker Hill, battle of, Iv, 395. 
Burgoyne. Gen. John, xlvi, xlviii, Ixix, 
Ixxx, 17, 35, 43, 47, 49, S*> 53. 
65, 69, 94, 96, 138, 162, 139, 
140, 146, IS2, i6s, 167, 175, 
176, 208, 346, 376, 385, 387, 
433, 460, 463, 465, 475' 5' 3, 

557- 

another, 387. 

Sir John Fox, 426. 
Burgoyne's army organization, 68, 152. 
strength, lix. 
art'y, Ixxiv. 



568 



Index. 



Burgoyne's baggage, Gen. Phillips order 

on, 314. 
biographers' looseness, x. 
Brig. Gens., Ixxxvii. 
Canadians, Ivii, Ix. 
engineers, Ixxvi. 
errors, Ixxx. 
escort, 97. 

expedition's embarkation, 306. 
German troops, Ixxvii. 
Indians, Iviii, Ix, Ixxx, 15. 
instructions to Col. Baum, ill. 
naval officers, Ixxvi. 
officers' penonnel, xlvi. 
Orderly Book criticised, xxxvii. 
orders, 30, 237, 238, 241, 343, 

245, 258, 3^1. 326, 327, 328, 

330. 338- 
popularity with his officers, Ixxxiv. 
provincials, Ivii, Ix, Ixxix, Ixxxv, 

71- 
proclamation, 59, 114. 
troops, 44. 

uniforms, Ixxii. 
Burke, Edmund, 410, 412, 413, 420. 

CABRIOLING, 41. 
Cadariqui or Catariqui, 471. 
Calashes, 188, 235. 

returns of, called for, 193. 
fine for taking without leave, 187. 
Calendar for 1776. 
1777. 
Cambridge, Mass., 349, 399. 

orders issued at, 327, 328, 

330. 337, 338, 341- 

N. H., 122. 
Camp cleanliness enjoined, 75. 

colours, 143. 

colour men, 143, 147, 302, 303. 

equipage to be sent for, 191. 
Campbell, Capt. Alexander, xlvii. 

Maj. John, 530, 535. 
Canada, dept. of agriculture of, xiii. 

headquarters, 35. 
Canadian climate, 39, 40. 

deserters, 46. 

political parties, 534. 

stafF under Sir G. Carleton, 175. 

troops, 44, 65, 476. 

under Burgoyne, Ivii. 



Canadians, 98, 134, 136, 153, 159. 

to work on roads, etc., 189. 
Cannon, Richard, 400. 
Cantonments for British troops, 190. 
Cape Diamond, 170, 
Capt. -Lieut , grade discontinued, Ixxiii, 

Ixxv. 
Carbines for Serjeants and corporals, 210. 
Carleton, Christopher, 20. 

Island, 261, 322, 541. 

Lady Anne, 21. 

Maria, 21, 35, 438. 

Sir Guy, Ixviii, xcii, 4, 17, 19, 30, 

3i> 34, 35, 46, 48, 5^, 57, 69, 
139, 167, 175, 176, 186, 242, 

276, 345, 377, 385, 42.0, 429, 
445, 45', 465. 5M- 

orders by, 7, 168, 175, 176, 
259, 279. 
Thomas, ic,, 185, 186, 187, 189, 
264, 265, 291, 386. 
Carriages tor baggage, return of, 187. 

and horses, order as to, 197. 
Carrying Place of Lake George, see 

Portage. 
Carter, Capt. John, 79, 91, 155, 179, 

247, 310, 319, ^^°^ 

ait'y brigade of, 250, 

^5^- 253, 317- 
company ot, 199, 251. 
John, 401. 
Cartridges for exercise, 205. 
Carts, charge of, 228. 

fine for ti'.king without paying for, 

193- 
order as to, 149, 151, 311, 313, 

314- 

misuse of, 148. 
return of called for, 258. 
Castleton, 93. 
Caulficld, Miss Susan, 426. 
Cedars, 9, 99, 223, 472. 

prisoners taken at, 406, 415. 
Centre column, 149, 152. 
Chambers, Lt. Wm., 542, 543. 
Chambly, 2, 5, 15, 50, 185, 187, 190, 
197, 205, 208, 211, 213, 225, 
230, 240, 254, 261, 263, 267, 
268, 279, 287, 289, 292, 293, 

539- 
artificers tor, 203. 



Index. 



569 



Chambly, artillery and ttores'sent to, 199, 
200, ao I . 

guns to be sent to, 224. 

batteries to be constructed, 231. 

siclc to be sent to. 
Chaplains' names to be reported, 262. 
Charettes for the baggage, 188. 
Charles River, 11. 
Charleston, S. C, Ixix. 
Chasseurs, 85, 92, 118, 152. 

Wirtemburg, 46. 

see Hanau. 

Hessian. 
Chatham Barracks, 65. 

2d Earl ot", 215. 
Chesterfield, 4th Earl of, 1, 367. 
Children to be taken to Montreal, 

280. 
Chimney Point, 306, 466, 552. 

force at, 82. 
Civil Branch, discipline of, 232. 
Cleanliness to be enforced, 255, 256. 
Clerges, George, 215, 266. 
Clerice, Sir Francis Carr, xlvii, xlix, 62, 

145- 
Clinton, Sir Henry, 271, 355, 374, 

378. 395.436- 
Clothing for British army, 38, 193. 
convention troops, 328. 
Cochnawaugas, 51. 
Cogan, letter to Gen. Stark, from, 435, 

488. 
Colden, Lieut. -Gov., 522. 
Collier, Lieut. Wm., 173, 319, 320. 
Commission on Am. Loyalists' claims, 

20, 64. 
Comm'y Gcn'l., 196. 

of Artillery's duties, 212, 213. 
material to go on the lake, 254. 
Conductors, 158. 
of horses, 317. 

stores for Art'y Brigade, 179. 
how attached, 253. 
Connecticut River, lit, 509. 
Continental battalions, 86. 
Convalescents, order relating to, 285. 
Coolness urged upon the troops, 180. 
Cook, Orderly Book of Col. Thaddeus, 

28. 
Convention troops, accounts of supplies 
for, 350. 

72 



Convention troops, British ministry's 
treatment of, 355, 356. 
clothing for, 328. 
desertion of, 329, 331. 
discipline of, 327, 328, 329, 

338. 
limits of parole of, 337. 
parades of, 340. 
p.TSSes for. 332. 
Phillips (omir.anJs, 348. 
prisoners of war mixed with, 

337- 
transports tor, 330. 

vegetables for, 332. 

Coraces, 275. 

Corbin, Mr., in charge of the batteaux, 

274. 
Cork, Ireland, Ixvii, Ixix. 

Corn, crops of inhabitants to be accomo- 
dated in barns, 255. 
powder, 158. 

Cornwallis, Earl, Ixix, xcvi, 52, 171. 
exchange of, 420, 422. 

Corvees, 223, 275, 276. 

Countersigns : 

Albany, 229. Detroit, 295. 

Aleppo, 305. Dublin, 223, 249. 

America, 260. England, 230. 

Austria, 305. Esopus, 280. 

Beck, 192. Flanders, 255. 

Bedford, 241. Florence, 234, 262. 

Belleui, 272. Florida, 288. 

Bie, 183. Friezland, 304. 

Boston, 282. Georgia, 288. 

Boucherville, 216. Germany, 256. 

Bristol, 193, 248, Gibraltar, 258. 
281. Hanover, 223, 242, 

Britain, 184. 303. 

Bruges, 194. Hesse, 305. 

Brunswick, 296. Holland, 255 

Brussels, 25';. Hume, 239. 

Canada, 183, 223. Ireland, 262. 

Canterbury, 236. Isle aux Noix, 198, 

Carlitlc, 250. 265. 

Carolina, 288. Julien, 304. 

Cedars, 295. La Chine, 275. 

Chamblee, 210. La Galette, 295. 

Chester, 239. La Prairie, 201. 

Crown Point, 195, Lapland, 304. 
277. Lebanon, 283. 

Denmark, 254. LiTerpool, 254. 



570 



Indi 



oJv • 



London, 243. Poland, 258. 

Longueil, 208. Portugal, 263. 

Lorraine, 304. Prague, 304. 

Louisiana, 292. Prussia, 304. 

Ludlow, 241. Quebec, 209, 281. 

Lyons, 306. Rome, 263. 

Magdeburg, 295. Russia, 304. 

Maryland, 229. Scotland, 262. 

Michilimacine,295. Sorel, 191, 199, 
Milan, 238, 266. 

Montreal, 188,208, Spain, 263. 

266. Stadc, 302. 

Moselle, 304. Sweden, 262, 304. 

Munster, 303. Three Rivers, 201, 

Naples, 238, 265. 285. 

Newport, 194. Ticonderoga, 278^ 

New York, 224, Turkey, 259. 

228,280. Verenne, 182, 212. 

Ostend, 190. Venice, 237. 

Oswegatchie, 295. Vercherre, 213. 
Oswego, 295. Virginia, 228, 286, 

■Oxford, 245. Warwick, 241. 

Paris, 243, 313. Westminster, 246. 

Philadelphia, 225, Windsor, 282, 295. 

280. Worcester, 233. 

Pointe aux Trem- York, 233. 

bles, 211, 222. 
Countersigns, when use of relaxed, 256. 

required, 257. 
Court martial to try deserters, 260. 
judge advocate of, 262. 
proceedings of, 265. 
of inquiry, 289. 
Couteau du Lac, 47. 
Cox, Lt. Wm., 223, 319. 
Craig, Capt. James II., xlvii, Iv, 88, 

452. 557, 561- 
Cranes, The, 143. 
Crown Point, 24, 29, 30, 34, 65, 79, 

8i, 93, 305, 306, 431, 432', 

5°9- 

description of, 33. 
orders issued at, 305, 306. 
Cruelty to loyalists, 128. 
Cummerland Head, 55, 65, 449. 

Richard, 299 
Cumberland, see Cumberland. 
Curry, Lt. Samuel, 208. 



D 



ACRES, James Richard, 31, 169, 
177, 270, 297. 



Davids, Daniel, 294, 319. 
Dead shells, 158. 
Deer, 106. 

island, 322. 
Delaware river, 330. 
Demerara, surrender of, 64. 
Depeyster, — I 34. 

Gen. J. Watts, xiii, 204. 
Depot of provisions, 144. 
Dep. Comm'y Gen'l, 196. 
Derby, nth Earl of, 391. 

1 2th Earl of, 427. 

family, 392, 394. 

races, 427. 
Deserters caught, 245. 

to be court martialed, 260, 
Details by roster, 173, 
Detroit, 541. 

force at, 50. 
Devonshire, transport, 201. 
Diamond Island, 125, 144, 214, 321, 

325. 
Discipline ot convention troops, 327, 

3=^8> 3^9. 330, 338. 
Dorchester, Lord, see Carleton, Sir Guy. 
Douglas, Sir Charles, 26, 296, 537. 
Dovegot, 151. 
Doyle, Lt. Wm., xlviii. 
Dragoon regt. of Brunswickers, in. 
Drill, boat, 224, 249, 258. 

style of ordered, 197. 

with guns, 221. 
Drum calls, 81. 
Duer, Wm., 118. 

Duer's house. Ill, II7, 119,143,313. 
Dunbar James, 206, 208, 251, 310. 
Dundas, Col. Thomas, 20, 64. 

Gen., 18, 371. 
Dung, Canadian waste of, 12. 
Dunmore, Earl of, 381. 
Duport, Lt., Robert, 261. 
Dupret, see Dupree 
Dupree, St. George, 276. 
Durnford, Lt. Andrew, Ixxvi, 133. 
Duvernet, Lt. Abram, 225. 
Dysart, Lt. Richard, 251, 286, 319, 
320. 

ELBE, German troops sail from, 37. 
Emmet, Dr. T. A., xiii, 338, 
345. 353- 



Index. 



S7^ 



England, Lt. Poole, 141. 
Capt. Richard, xlviii. 
Engineer corps, 277. 
En potence explained, 160. 
Entrenching tools, 180, 181. 

for art'y Brigades, 179. 

how distributed, 254. 
Ethrington, see Hetherington. 
Excursions by officers to be be restrained, 

Exmouth, Lord, Ixxvi, 31, 385. 

FARQUAHAR, Capt.-Lt. Wm., 
291. 
Farren, Miss, the actress, 427. 
Fascines to be made, 237, 274. 
Feet, order relating to, 185. 
Ferris, Squire, 47. 
Feu de joie, 93, 102. 
Firemaster's duties, 209. 
Firing, orders for quick, 219, 220. 
First Brigade, British, 68, 109, 176, 218, 
238, 248, 249, 257, 259, 282, 
289, 292, 303, 464, 469. 
brigade major, 177. 
German, Ixxix, 45, 68. 
Fish, 54. 

Fishkiil, the, 63, 114. 
Fitch, Dr. on Philip Skene, 507, 516. 
Five mile island, Ixxxiv. 
Flags of Burgoyne's army, 397. 
Flat Rock, 58. 
Fleche, 75. 

Fletcher, Ebenezer, 496, 500. 
Flour casks to be returned empty, 234. 
Foot Guards' double rank, xcii. 
Forage money, 216, 326. 
for staff, 218. 
Foragers, order relating to, 151. 
Foraging, order against, 160. 
Forbes, Maj. Gordon, xlvii, 162,163,164. 
Forestalling to be prevented, 195. 
Forster, Maj. George, 9, 99, 4' 6. 
Fort Ann, Ixxxii, Ixxxiii, 21, 89, 90, 
92. 94. 9S> 96, 97. 98. 1 10. 
140, 226, 

order issued at, 97. 
Fort Edward. Ixxx, Ixxxiii, Ixxxv, 88, 
89, 98, 103, 107, 108, 109, 
138, 140, 142. 

order issued at, 310. 



Fort George, xlii, Ixxxii, Ixxxiii, 105, 
107, 108, no, 117, 138, 140, 
144, 315. 

order issued at, 310. 
Fort Henry, 107. 
Fort Miller, Ix, 1 10, 117, 140. 
Fort Stanwix (Schuyler), 46, 47, 202. 
Fort William Henry, Iviii, 107, 519. 
Fortifying recommended, 70. 
Four Brothers Island, 55. 
Fourteen Mile Island, 104. 
Fox, Charles James, 397, 404, 426. 
Fox's Mill's, 203 
Foy, Capt. Edward, 10, 20, 276. 

Dep. Adj. -Gen., 168, 
widow of, 20. 
Francis, Ebenezer, 85, 485, 494, 495. 
regt. of, 494, 495, 496, 
502, 503. 
Franklin, Benj., 410, 422, 528. 
to Burke, 412, 415. 
R. R. Livingston, 421. 
Eraser, Capt. Alexander, liv, 66, 78, 
140, 262, 265, 266, 292, 473. 
corps of, 115, 152. 
rangers of, Ixxx, in, 474. 
Brig. Gen. Simon, li, Ixvii, Ixxxviii, 
xc'. 45. 53. 55. 65, 79. 82, 83, 
85. 92. 93. 95. "7. "8, 144, 
152, 154, 163, 166, 175, 177, 
224, 256, 246, 269, 279, 334, 
400, 454, 473, 490. 
Lt. Gen. Simon, 290, 334, 454. 
Eraser's Brigade, Ixxii, 81, 82, 83, 176, 
249, 289, 334. 
corps, 78. 95, 97. 98, 1 10, 147, 
152, 161, 164,203, 247, 251, 

475- , . 

art y with, 250. 

cantoment of, 190. 
composition of, 159. 
guns attached to, 154. 
Freeman, Quin John, xlviii, 176. 
Freeman's Farm, battle of, xlii, 27, 103, 
162, 347. 
house, 163. 
French, Lt. Arthur, 214. 

Maj. Christopher, 40, 41, 214. 
Jeremiah, 202, 545. 
Frostbitten men, 37. 
Fuzileer corps subalterns, Ixxiii. 



572 



Index, 



GAGE'S HILL, 107. 
Galinel's Farm, 57. 
Gall, Brig. -Gen., Ivi, Ixxlx, 36, 45, 68, 

159, 264. 
Gardner, Capt. Henry F., 242. 
Garrison, courtmartial detail, 284. 
Gates, Gen., liv, Ixxxi, Ixxxiv, 27, 62, 
103, 125, 145, 397,445-488, 557- 
duel with Wilkinson, 401. 
opinion of Burgoyne's delay, 
Ixxxiii. 
papers, xiii. 
General Hospital, 141. 

order as to, 192. 
orders defined, xxxix, 167. 
Germaine, Lord George, Ixix, Ixxxvii, 
49. 35S» 375> 377, 405, 4i6, 
434- 
Germans, 36, 97, 98, no, 132, 138, 
142, 143. 
with Burgoyne, Ivi, lix. 
Bee Hessians and Brunswickers. 
German brigade, 1st, 45. 
division, ist, 45, in. 
2d, 45. 

3d, 36- 
flags secretly saved, 294. 
grenadiers, 118, 152. 
gunners, pay of, 174. 
jealousy of the British, Ixxxv. 
light brigade, Ixxix, 66. 
jegts., 49 

strength, Ixxvii. 
troops hired by George III, 37. 
in Canada, station of, 38. 
Gibraltar, Ivi. 
Gilliland, Wm., 57, 509. 
Gilliland's farm, 57. 
Glover, Gen., Ixxxix, 403. 
GoU, Gen , see Gall. 
Gondolas, 22, 23. 

Gordon, Maj. Harry, 172, 174, 201, 
248, 274, 277, 278. 
Gen. Patrick, Ixxxviii, 4, 5, 7, 9, 
51, loi, 175, 176, 264. 

order issued at shooting 
of, 236. 
Gordon's Brigade, 208, 464. 

cantonment, 190. 
Graham, Gen., 359, 360. 



Grande Isle, 322. 

Graves, capture and escape of John, 41. 
Green. Capt. Charles, xlviii, li. 
Greenieaf, Capt. Moses, 494, 496, 499, 
500, 503. 

military papers of, xiii. 
Gregg, Lt.-Col. Wm., 122, 123. 
Grenadiers, lii, Ixx, Ixxi, Ixxxiii, 92, 
152, 159, 166, 178, 189, 212. 
cantonment of 190. 
Grey, Major, 69, 70, 71. 
Grog allowed to fatigue parties, 275. 
Guards, orders relating to, 184. 185, 
189, 218, 221, 222, 273, 283. 
see pickets. 

foot guards. 
Gun boats, 16, 22, 24, 25, 31, 33, 53, 
54, 63, 79, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 
100, loa, 106, 140. 

armament and ammunition 

for, 23. 
description of, 56. 
complement of men for each, 320. 
practice, 232. 

HADDEN, Lt. James M., xxxv, 
xli, xlviii, I, 3, 51, 102, 108, 
109, no, 213, 225. 

detachment of, 155. 

fires first gun. at Freeman's 

Farm, 163. 
position at Freeman's Farm, 

164. 
narrow escape, 1 65. 
Robert, 51, 65. 
Hadden's Journal, how obtained, xxxv. 
Halberts superseded by carbines, 210. 

description of, 210. 
Haldimand, Sir F., Ivii, 21,43, 73, "^j 
170, 203, 229, 2S4, 322, 436, 
482, 532, 542, 553. 
papers, xiii, xcix. 
Hale, Col. Nathan, 483. 
Half Moon, 560. 

battery, 293, 324. 
Hamilton Gustavus, 214. 

Lieut. -Col. or Gen., xlvii, lii, 45, 
68, 147, 159, 165, 176, 260, 
271, 272, 273, 274, 279, 282, 
283, 289, 292, 468. 



Indi 



LftA^ • 



si:^ 



Hamilton Gustavus, brigade of, 51, 68, 

Hanau Artillery, Ixviii, Ixxix, 36, 44, 79, 
287, 288. 
chasseurs, 4^. 
regt., Ixvii, 36, 44, 68, 152, 159, 

264. 
troops, 49, 183, 302, 303. 
strength of, Ixxviii. 
Hanoverians, 226. 
Harnage, Maj. Henry, 269, 278,458. 

Mrs. Henry, Ixxxi. 
Harrington, Lieut. Henry, 205, 303, 

earl of, xlvi, xlvii, xlix, xcvii, 4, 

337, 367, 489- 
Harris, Capt. John A., xlviii, 88. 
Hartford, 40,42, 214, 511, 512, 
Harvey, Adj. -Gen., Ixxxix. 
Hawkes, Capt. Erie, 270. 
Hayes, Dr., 146. 
Hazelshouse, 233. 
Heath, Gen. Wm., 270, 293, 340, 352, 

353- 

letter to Gen. Burgoyne, 

from, 286. 

Gen. Philips, from, 348, 

from Gen. Phillips, to 349, 

. 351- 

papers, xiii. 
Healtl.', order relating to, 243, 255, 256, 

286. 
Heavy Artillery, 251. 
Henrick, Col., see Herrick. 
Herrick, Col. Samuel, 124, 509. 
Hesse Hanau, see Hanau. 
Hessians, see Hanau. 
Hetherington, Lieut., 96. 
Hill, John, 89, 92, 226, 274, 313, 400, 

401, 402. 
Hobart, Col. David, 126, 128. 
Holden, Dr. A. W., xiii, 67, 68. 
Horses and carriages, order as to, 
197. 

afs't com'y of, 207. 

conductor of, 317. 

for artillery, 188. 

orders as to, 148, 149, 313. 

public sale of, I 39. 

regulations about the king's, 137. 

wanted for army, 281. 



Hosmer, Capt. Thomas, 156, 208, 288, 
306, 320. 

Brigade of, 156. 
division orders by, 307. 
Hospital, 150. 

officers to report for orders, 182 
order as to general, 192 
Houghton, Lieut. Wm., 209, 219, 

3'9- . 
Howarth, Lieut. Edward, xlviii, Ivi, 

Ixxiv, 157. 
Howe, Sir William, Ixviii, Ixxxvi, 

Ixxxviii, xc, xcii, 8, 10, 51, 330, 

373- 

army of, 44, 69. 
Richard, Adm. Lord, 18, 373,375. 
Hubbard, Col., see Hobart. 
Hubbardion, 84, 85, 95, 125, 130, 322, 
463. 
casualties at, 88. 
battle of, considered, 483. 
Huberton, see Hubardton. 
Hudson River, 94, 109, 138, 140, 144, 
147, 321. 

bridged, 137. 
crossed, 144. 
Huguet-Latour, Maj. L. A., xiii. 
Huntley, Richard, Surgeon-Gen'l to 

Montreal garrison, 230. 
Husill's house, 282. 

ICE on St. Lawrence, 39. 
break up of, 40. 
review of troops on, 38. 
Indian arms, 15. 
manners, 20. 
razor, i 3. 
Indians, 98, III, 134, 135, 136, 153, 

'59- 
and rum, 192,278, 281. 
Burgoync's opinion of, 15. 

treatment of, Ixxxv. 
conduct at Bennington, 531. 
congress of, I 2, 309. 
description of, 12. 
drunk, 83. 

leader of l3urgoyne's, 135. 
to remain in their village, 189. 
under Burgoyne, Iviii, Ix. 
Capt. Fraser, 474,475. 



574- 



Index, 



Inhabitants complain of ill treatment, 
231. 
at Crown Point not to be molested, 
305. 
Intrenching tools, 80. 
Invalid Batt. Artillery, 156, 206. 
Invalids, corps of, 62. 
Irving, Maj. Paulus JE., xlvii. 
Isle aux Chevrents, 322. 
Isle au Mot, 17, 55. 

a la Motte, orders issued at, 304. 
Isle aux Noix, 34, 35, 53, 54, 55» 169, 
244, 247, 267, 289, 302, 433. 
description of, 16. 
orders issued at, 295, 296, 
302, 303. 

TAGERS, 44,85, '5^- 

I Jefferson, Thomas, 353, 359. 

letters lo Gen. Phillips from, 

354- 
Mrs., 354. 
Jessup brothers, Ivii. 

Lt.Col. Ehenezer, Ixxix, 67. 
Maj. Edvifard, 67, 112,482. 
Jessup's corps, 67, 74, 480. 
falls, 67. 
ferry, 67. 
landing, 68. 
little falls, 67, 68. 
Jesus, isle of, 47. 
Johns, conductor, to be with laboratory, 

219. 
Johnson, Col. Guy, 548. 
hall, 134. 
Sir John, 201. 

reg't of, 69, 70, 73, 202, 
322. 
Wm., 201, 202, 439, 526, 
528. 
Jones, Capt. Thomas, xliii, Ixxiv, 50, 
98,99, 109, no, 164, 165, 174. 
Judge Thomas, 378. 
Gen. Valentine, 48. 
Jones' brigade, no, 152, 154, 159, 
164, 469. 
company, xlii, no, 155. 
farm, 97, 98. 
Junk delivered to regulars, 286. 



K 



ENNEDV, Dr. Hugh, 229, 263. 
Keymis, Lt. John, xlviii. 



King's birth day, 47, 345. 
or Royal Boat, 170. 
color, 52. 
Kingston, Maj. Robert, xxxviii, xlviii, 
Ixxviii, 51, 62, 139, 145, 146, 
163, 460. 
Knox, Dr. Robert, 218. 

secretary, 527. 
Kosciusko, Gen., 401. 

LABORATORY, 219. 
instruction in, 222. 
Lachine, 201. 
La CoUe River, 16, 55, 289, 303. 

order issued at, 304. 
La Come, see St. Luc. 
Lake Champlain, 6, 15, 16, 17, 30, 33, 
96, 107, 509, 542. 

Brassier's survey of, 25, 26. 
description of, 55. 
naval action on, 22. 
size of, 51. 
Lake George, 40, 90, 94, 96, 100, loz, 
104, 140, 321, 322, 469, 519. 
description of. 
Portage at, 96, 102. 
Lake Ontario, 46, 170, 322, 509, 542. 
Lake St. Pierre, I. 

Lake St. Peter's, order issued at, 178. 
Lamb, Sergt. Roger, xciii, 90, 226, 261, 

364. 
Lanaudiere Charles L. T. de, Ivii, 135, 

. 53°, 535- 
Landrief, Mr., Batteaux inspector at 

Montreal, 193 
Langlade, Charles de, Iviii, 529. 
La Prairie, 5, 51, 186, 187, 188, 189. 

order issued at, 190. 
Laurens, Henry, 407, 408, 410, 412, 
413. 

exchange of, 422. 
Law, Capt George, 137, 222, 248, 294. 
Leake's party, 73. 
Learned, Gen. Eben'r, 515. 
Lc Corn, Luke, see St. Luc. 
Lee, gondola, 29. 
Left Brigade Art'y, 156. 
Column, 149, 152. 
Wing, Ixxix. 98, 143, 144, 147, 
152. 

composition of, 159. 

guns attached to, 154, 250. 



Index. 



575 



Le Moine, J. M., xiii, 136, 467. 
Lenodier, M., see Lanaudiere. 
Lieut. Fireworker grade abolished, Ixxv. 
Light Brigade, li, lii, Ixxix, 53, 94. 

Infantry, Ixx, Ixxi, Ixxiii, 146, 152, 
159, 163, 178, 212. 

cantonment, 190. 
Ligonier Biy, orders at, 69. 
Lincoln, Gen. Benj., 354, 488. 
Lindsay, Alexander, see Balcarres, Earl of. 
Line of Battle, British formation of. 146. 
Littlejohn, Capt , a master attend't and 

naval storekeeper, 227, 546. 
Livingston, Col., 19, 20, 63. 

R. R., 421. 
Lloyd, Mr., duel of with Maj. Acland, 

Iv. 
Long, Col., 90. 
Longeuil, 47, 51, 186, 187, 234. 

orders issued at, 187, 188. 
Long Island, battle of, 375. 

prisoners on, 408. 
Riedesel commands at, 38. 
Lord, Lt. Simeon, 323. 
Loring, Joshua, 379. 

Mrs., his wife, 379. 
Lorrettc, Toussaint, 244. 
Loyal convert, 53. 

Rangers, 74. 
Loyalist Corps, 71, 72, 73. 
Loyalists, commission on losses of, 64. 

cruelty to, 128. 

McALPIN, Capt. Daniel, 73, 285. 
McAlpin's Loyalist Corps, 73. 
McDonell, Maj. John, 290. 
McDougal, Capt., 138. 
McFarlane, Wm., 215. 
McFarlan, Capt. McKay's servant, 40, 

41- 
McKay, Capt. Samuel, Ixxx, 39, 65, 

473- 
Mackintosh, Sir James, 454. 
Maclean, Gen. Allan, 46, 203, 234. 

260, 284, 385, 4.36, 466, 467, 

547- 

Regt. of, 239, 245. 
Sir Allan, 554. 
commissary, 245. 
Manchester, 112, 116, 122, 495, 503. 
Marching orders, 312. 



Market regulations, 194. 
Marksmen, 152, 159. 

British, 64, 65. 

Fraser's, 140. 
Marr, Capt., 170. 
Martello towers, 227. 
Massachusetts, i ith Regt., 86, 492, 494, 

Historical Society, xiii, 87. 
Maxwell, Capt. Wm., xlvii. 
Merids, Col. Edward F., 211, 294. 
Mersereau, Joshua, D. C. of prisoners, 

..5'5-. 
Michilimackinac, 553. 

force at, 50. 
Miller Island, 47. 
Minden, battle of, 1. 
MischinnzJ, 378. 

Mitchelson, Walter, 79, 178, 211, 288, 
306. 

art'y brigade of, 156, 250, 
251.253. 
Mohawk river, 46, 47, 509. 
Money, Capt. John, xlvii, xlix, 90, 

225. 
Monimia, transport, 183. 
Monin, Capt., Ixxx, 65, 153, 473. 
company of, 65, 102. 
Montgomery, Lt.-Col. Archibald, 554. 
Gen. Richard, 40, 276, 431, 440, 

523. 524. 535- 
Montgomery's assault, 50. 

battery, 266, 26*. 
Monthly returns called for, 192. 

how to be made, 210. 
Montmorency, Falls of, 11. 
Montreal, 4, 5, 35, 37, 38, 39, 44, 45, 
51, 183, 191, 201, 202, 228, 
230, 240, 276, 280, 284, 286, 
288, 322, 466, 524, 551. 
baggage to be sent, 279. 
description of, 12. 
how inhabitants of, to be employed, 

223. 
island of, 47. 

orders issued at, 191, 192, 193. 
Morgan, Col. Daniel, 163, 457. 
Mott, Samuel, 535. 
Mount Defiance, 169, 499. 
Mount Hope, 83. 

Mount Independence, 82, 84 93, 107, 
117, 293, 322, 324,499. 



Sl^ 



Index, 



Mount Independence, evacuation of, 85. 
Moylan, Stephen, 524. 
Murray, Cumm'y, 10. 

Gen. James, 430, 431, 520, 522. 

Lt. James, 10. 
Munsell, Messrs., .xiv. 

NAIRNE, Maj. John, 284. 
Navy on Lake Champlain, 1 5. 
Nesbit, Gen. Wm., Ixxxviii, 175, 282, 
464,469,556. 

to purs-ue Americans, 182. 
Nesbit's Brigade, 177, 190, 259, 474. 
New Brunswick, 20. 

Netherlands, proposed treaty with, 407. 
New Hampshire's 15th Regt. of mili- 
tia, 127. 
resolutions on Stark's victory, 130, 
131. 
Newport, R. I., 403. 
New York, liv, xcv, 330, 354, 381, 
420, 440, 441. _ 

act of attainder, 516. 
Historical Society, xiii. 
northern invasion of in 

1780, 20, 21, 74. 
Royal regt. of, 69. 
Niagara, 46, 261, 342, 467, 547. 

force at, 50. 
Nichols, Col. Moses, 123, 126. 
Norman, Lt. Richard, 246. 
North, resignation of Lord, 419. 
River, see Hudson river, 
shore, troops to disembark at, 
183. 
Nutt. Lt. George Anson, Ix, Ixx, 44, 
67. 

OAKUM, made by reg'ts, 486. 
O'Callaghan, Dr., Ix. 
O'Connell, Capt. Laurentius, 294, 398, 

399- 
Offal to be buried, 222. 
O'Meara, Lt. Daniel, xlviii. 
Order of March, 149. 
Orderly book defined, xl. 

non commssioned officers defined, 

xxxix. 
men, 141. 

officers for brigade, Hd. Qrs. Cham- 
bly, 195. 



Orderly Book to be sent more regulaily, 

199- 
Orders defined, 167. 

imperfectly distributed, 316. 
Ordance stores, inquiry for, 207. 
Oriskany, 47. 
Oswegatchie, 99, 553. 

force at, 50. 
Oswego, 46. 

Otter Creek, 63, 65, 78, 112. 
Out posts, order relating to, 241. 
Oxen for the troops, 191 . 

PALMER'S Hist, of Lake Cham- 
plain, supposed error of, 25. 
Parade, evening, 221. 
Parades of reg'ts., ordered, 198. 

who to attend, 232. 
Park of artillery, 79, 14°, I43. M^.- 

155- 237, 25^. 3?'0- 
entrenciiing tools with, 254. 
composition of, 155. 
lack of orders in, 316 

Paroles : 

Alexander, 305. Rodolph, 304. 

Augustus, 305. St. Agatha, 288. 

Bernard, 239. St. Agnes, 263. 

Bristol, 223. St. Andrew, 258. 

Carleton, 183. St. Andrews, 193. 

Charles, 296. St. Ann, 282. 

Clinton, 228. St. Anne, 1 1 1, 233. 

Cornwallis, 229. St. Anthony, 216, 

Ferdinand, 295. ^39) ^72- 

Francis, 304. St. Athanasius,28o. 

George, 223. St. Aubins, 258. 

Henry, 303. St. Augustine, 201. 

Howe, 228. St. Barnabas, 255. 

Hughes, 305. St. Beatrix, 295. 

Ignatius, 304. St. Benedict, 266. 

Lazarus, 304. St. Bridget, 288. 

Leopold, 306. St. Catharine, 262. 

Lewis, 304. St. Ceccii,', 222, 

Liverpool, 225. -38, 286. 

London, 224. St. Charles, 259, 

Matthew, 195. 295. 

Moses, 304. St. Charlotte, 295. 

Percy, 229. St. Christian, 283. 

Peter, 304. St. Christophers, 

Phillip, 303. 245. 

Pius, 304.. St. Chrysostem, 

Quebec, 184. 275. 



Indi 



ex. 



S77 



St. Columbus, io8. St. Mark, 191, 198, 

St. Croix, 254. 237. 

St. David, 256. St. Martin, 255. 

St. Denis, 250, 254. St. Mary, 263. 

St. Elizj, 292. St. Matthew, 188, 

St. Eugenia, 295. 28 i. 

St. Francis, 212. St. Michael, 233. 

St. George, 230, St. Morris, 209. 
241. St. Ours, 249. 

St. Helena, 295. St. Patrick^ 223. 

St. Hubert, 266. St. Paul, 182, 194, 

St. Jacob, 280. 208, 262. 

St. Jame.<;, 246. St. Peter, 243. 

St. Jerome, 243. St. Philip, 192. 

St. John, 201, 234. St. Philips, 262. 

St. Joseph, 265. St. yuentin, 262. 

St. Jude, 238. St. Ruth, 295. 

St. Judith, 281. St. Samuel, 194. 

St. Juis, 280. St. Simon, 183, 

St. Lawrence, 248. 241. 

St. Louis, 21 3, 313. St. Sophia, 285. 

St. Luc, 190, 191. St. Stephen, 242. 

St. Lucia, 265. St. Thomas, 210, 

St. Lucretia, 288. 236, 241, 260. 

St. Luke, 199. St. Timothy, 277. 

St. Magdalen, 263. St. Valentine, 278. 

St. Margaret, 239. Stephen, 304. 

St. Margarite, 295. William, 304. 

St. Maria, 282. 

Patroles, order relating to, 241. 

Patterson, Gen., 494. 

brigade of, 494. 

Pausch, Capt , Ixxix, 79, 1 10. 

brigade of, 80, iio, 154, 155, 
159. 

Pellew, Edward, see Lord Exmouth. 

Peters, Lt.-Col. John, Ivii, Ixxix, 71, 73. 

Peters' corps, 67, ill, 112, 114, 115. 
party, 73. 

Petersham, Lord, see Earl of Harrington. 

Pfister, see Phister. 

Philadelphia, 5 14. 

Phillips, Gen. Wm , xlvi, xlviii, 1, Ixii, 
Ixxiv, Ixxix, Ixxxix, xcii, 3, 35, 
37.44i SOiS'. 6Si 83. >oi. 103. 
147. '5°. 152. '57, '65, 166, 
167, 168, 172, 174, 175, 185, 
188, 190, 208, 210, 230, 238, 
272, 178, 279, 280, 289, 290, 



343. 363- 



Phillips Gen. Wm., 

orders by, 150, 169, 172, 
173. 174, 178, 183, 
199, 206, 209, 211, 
212, 219, 220, 224, 
228, 229, 230, 231, 

*33. ^39. 240, 247, 
249, 250, 256, 258, 
259, 266, 275, 277, 
282, 285, 286, 288, 
306, 307, 309, 310, 
^ . 314, 316, 539, 546. 
Phister, Francis, 134. 
command of, 43 
Picket boat, 266. 

of fatigue, 239. 
Pickets, duty of, -j-j. 
size of, 77, 221. 
orders as to, 184, 185, 186, 187, 

189, 241. 
to be under arms before daylight,i49. 
lee guards. 
Pitch pine plains, 97. 
Pitt, Rt. Hon. John, 215. 
Poinir, Francois, a Canadian prisioner, 

243. 
Point auFer, 16, 17, 35, 53, 55. 
orders issued at, 304. 
Point Levi, 11. 
Point au Sable, 55, 

orders issued at, 304. 
Pomeroy, Capt. Arthur, 210, 277. 
Portage at Lake George, 40, 90, 322, 

3*3. 3^5- 
guard, 209, 2za. 

Powder magazine at Montreal to be lo- 
cated, 240. 

Powell, Gen. Henry Watson, xlvii, lii, 
Ixxxviii, 45, 68, 117, 159, 175, 
184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 321, 

3*4, 464, 55*- 
Powell's Brigade, 68, 199, 206, 22i, 

*39, -59, 467, 474- 
cantonment, 190. 
Power, James, 265, 290. 

Thomas Bolton, 264, 265. 
Precision in giving orders inculcated, 

180. 
Prince Frederick's Reg't, Ixi, 36, 44, 
68, III, 324, 464. 



73 



578 



Index. 



Pringle, Hall, xxxv. 

Capt. Thomas, 17, 26, 31, 32, 
169, 297, 445, 539. 
Prisoners, order as to, 142. 

provisions for, 231. 

to work on fortifications 244. 
Prospect Hill, 351, 352. 
Providence, R. I., 403. 
Provincial corps, 67, 71, 72, 73, 476. 

troops, 44, 66. 
Provincials, 97, 98, iii, 112, 141, 153, 

under Burgoyne, Ivii. 
Provision train, order as to, 314. 

trains not to be interfered with, 3 13. 
Provisions, a return of called for, 185. 

for army, aid in issuing, 195. 

guard for, 152, 160. 

orders as to, 298, 303. 

regulations for, 196, 

transportation of, 223. 
Provost Marshall, Lieut. Etherington, 

97- 
Guard, 97. 
Putnam, Gen., liv, 439. 
Putnam's Creek, 78. 

QUARTER guards, 76, 145. 
how composed and posted, 

220, 259. 
honors paid by, 221. 
master gen'ls duty, 75. 
master's men, 147. 
Quebec, Ixvi, Ixvii, Ixviii, Ixix, I, 11, 12, 
35. 37, 43' 48,50. I". 137, 
143' 174, 179. 191. 207, 2.12, 
213, 238, 243, 285, 296, 420, 

431. 437, 541- 

Act, 431, 523, 454. 

description of, 10. 

inhabitants' address to Col. Val. 
Jones, 48. 

orders issued at, 7. 

royal artillery at, 50. 
Queen's color, 52. 
guinchen, 9. 
Quinze Chenes, 99. 



R 



ADEAU, 34,52, 53, 54- 

description of, I 6. 
sailing qualities of, 34. 



Radeau, to be fitted up, 287, 288. 
number to be carried by, 289. 
artillery reserve, ammunition on, 

253- 
Rainsford, Gen, 227. 

journal of, 49. 
Raleigh, an American cruiser, 17, 32. 
Rangers, 44, 65, 

royal, 74. 
Rank, various kinds of, Ixxxvi. 
Ration money, staft return of, 209. 
Rations reduced, 326. 
Rattlesnakes, 105. 
Rattlesnake Island, 105. 
Recruits, how distributed, 234. 
ordered to regiments, 230. 
Red House, 98. 
Regimental Color, 52. 

returns, how to be made, 210. 
required, 208. 
Reid, Lieut. George, xliii, no, 164, 165, 

294. 
Reports (or States) weekly, how to be 

made, 263. 
Reserve ot the Park, 317. 
Return of ammunition, etc. , 205. 
see reports, 
state. 
Returns, Brigade, 208. 
Reynal, Mrs., Ixxxi. 
Rhetz, Reg't. 44, 45, 68, 152, 159. 
Rice to be issued to soldiers, 243. 
Reidesel, Baroness, Ixxxi, 229, 269, 
270, 364. 386, 399, 401- 
Maj.-Gen., Ixi, Ixvii, Ixxix, 37, 44, 
45. 52. 53. 65, 85, 92, 95, 132, 
147, 149. 159. 175. 177, 279. 
289, 294, 295, 345, 353, 355, 
356, 398, 402, 553. 
Riedesel's Dragoons, Ixxviii, 66, 82, 97, 
98, III, 132, 134, 153, 159. 
Reg't, 44, 45, 68, 152, 159, 399. 
Rifle corps, establishment of, 227. 
Right Brigade, Art'y, 156. 
column, 149, 152. 
division, 310. 
wing, Ixxix, 97, 98, 109, 143. 144, 

147, 152, 
artillery with, 250. 
composition of, i 59. 
guns attached to, 154. 



Index. 



579 



Rimington, Lt. Samuel, xlviii, 310, 319. 

River, La Colle, see La Colle. 

River, St. Lawrence, see St. Lawrence. 

River, Sorel, see Sorel River. 

Roads, to be worked on, 197. 

Rockingham, 112. 

administration, 420. 
Rogers, Robert, 104. 

Rock, 104. 
Rois, Jacques, a Canadian prisoner, 243. 
Roll call, evening, 232. 

irregularly at night, 219. 

calls ordered, 327. 
Rosier, Louis de, a Canadian prisoner, 
243. 

Joseph de, a Canadian prisoner, 243. 
Roster, to govern details, 173. 
Rotten, John, 213, 215. 
Rousseaux, Mr. appointed (^'r Master to 

Hd. Qrs., 198. 
Rouville's company, Capt., 46. 
Royal artillery, see Br. Regts. 
Royal (or King's) Boat, 170. 

engineers, see Br. Regts. 

Military Academy, Ixxvi, 156. 

Savage, 22, 24, 26, 27, 450. 

Standard, 52. 
Rum, allowance to be diluted, 281. 

rations, 302. 

traffic with Indians forbidden, 192. 
Ruttenber, E. M., xxxviii, xli. 

SABBATH Day Point, 42, 104. 
Sackville, see Germaine. 
Sailors, 153. 

St. Charles, 190, 211, 233, 244. 
artillery at, 200. 
Itchy patients to stay at, 
212. 
St. Clair, Gen., 27, 484, 494, 495. 49^, 

503- 

St. Coick's mills, 120, 121. 

St. Denis, 182, 233. 

St. George, George Dupre, 535. 

St. John's, 2, 4, 7, 9- »S. '6, 34, 35. 
37,48, 50, 51, 52, 53. 54, 189, 
190, 191, 197, 218, 222, 224, 
227, 230, 235, 236, 239, 244, 
247, 248, 249, 260, 268, 273, 

174. ^75. ^77. ^79. 2*^', ^^S*. 
287, 288, 289, 292, 345, 541. 



St John's, 

ammunition depot at, 253. 

troops posted at, 267. 
orders issued at, 266, 277, 
280, 281, 282, 283. 285, 
286, 288, 292, 295. 
surrender of, 3. 
St. Lawrence, GuU of, 297. 

River, I, 11, la, 22,26, 36,38, 

39.45. 47. 51, 297- 
St. Leger, Barry, 45, 47, 49, 279, 292. 
St. Leger's expedition, 43, 202. 
St. Luc, La Corne, Iviii, 135, 136, 153, 

472. 517. 
Santour, 211, 213, 225, 233. 

artillery at, 200, 
St. Pierre, Lake, I. 
St. Sulpicc, orders issued off, 183. 
St. Therese, 230, 233, 234, 239, 244, 
258, 261. 
inhabitants of, how to be employed, 
223. 
Salmon, in Boquet river, 57. 
Sandilands, Janes, see Lord Torpichen, 
Sandy Creek, order issued at, 30. 
Saratoga, I 38, 144. 

convention, 62, 557. 
orders issued at, 316. 
Saunders, Qr. Master Alex., 6. 
Saut de St Louis, Indians of. 
Saw Mills, the, 84, 96. 

creek, 90, 96, 100, 106. 
bridge, 90. 
Sawyers w.inted, 235. 
Scalps, reward for American, 47. 
Schank, Lt. John, Ixxvi, 144, 150, 169, 

170, 297, 322, 537. 
Schaw, Comm'y Alex., 213. 
Schuyler, Gen., 40, 47, 134. 448, 453, 

493. 494- 
Schuyler's house, 145, I49> 5"'. 

Island, 55, 446, 447, 448. 
Scott, Lt., 54. 

Capt. Alex , 206. 

Thomas, 206. 
Scout in winter of 1776, 39- 
Scurvy, 54. 

Second brigade, Eng., 68, 233, 259, 
292, 464, 469. 

German, Ixxix, 68. 
Seniority to govern command, 139. 



58o 



Index . 



Servants, orders as to, 139, 286. 
Shells, dead, 158. 
Sherburne, Major, gg, 100. 
Sherwood, Capt. Justin, Ivii, 73, 112, 

114,479.482. 
Shrimpton, Capt., 86 
Sick, carriages for, 187. 

lists sent to Dr. Kennedy, 263. 
regulations for, 141. 
sent to Chamblee, 212. 

general hospital, 192. 
Montreal, 286. 
to form baggage guard, 188. 
Shirreff, Capt. Wm., xlvii. 
Signals, 80. 
Silence in working artillery inculcated, 

180. 
Skating, 42. 
Skene, Gov. Philip, 94, 115, 120, 123, 

132, 142, 214, 505. 
Skenesborough, 85, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94, 
95, 96, 98, 108, I to, 124, 138, 
444, 508, 513. 
orders issued at, 97, 309. 
house, orders issued at, 91. 
Skinner, Com. -Gen. of prisoners, 409, 
418. 
Joseph, 478. 
Small, Major John, 549. 
Small pox, 193. 

Smith, Lt. Wm. P., Ixxiv, 178. 
Sorel, 39, 182, 191, 200, 227, 233, 238, 
279. 
River, I, 16, 39, 206, 213, 231, 

233, *34- 
South Bay, 21, 33, 79. 

shore, troops to disembark at, 183. 
Specht, Gen., Ivi, Ixxix, 45, 66, 68, 

159, 399- 

Brigade of, 45, 68. 

Regt 44, 45, 66, 68, 152, 159. 
Speth, Lt.-Col., 45, 399. 
Split Rock, 56, 63, 448, 450. 
Springfield, 116. 
Spruce beer, 54. 
Stamford, Conn., 439. 
Standard of England or Royal, 52. 
Stanhope, Charles, see Earl of Har- 
rington. 
Stark, Caleb, 128. 

Capt., 297. 



Stark, Gen. John, 121, 130,131,485, 

488. 
State Brigade, weekly, 198, 208. 
Stearns, Henry S., 489, 497. 
Steele, Lt. Thomas, 88, 337. 
Stephens, Ensign George, 415. 
Stevelly, Lt. Joseph, 266. 
Stevens, Henry, xxxv. 
Stickney, Col. Thomas, 102, 126, 128. 
Stirling, Lord, 118. 
Stone, Capt. Enos, 492, 496, 500. 

Wm. L., vi, xii, Ivi. 
Stopford, Maj. Joseph, 2. 
Storekeepers. 141. 
Storey, Lt. Thomas, 177. 
Straggling forbidden, 75, 219. 
Strangers to be inquired about, 202. 
Strangways, Capt. Stephen D., liv. 
Strength of corps to be reported, 148. 
Subaltern's guard discontinued, 259. 
Sugar Loaf Hill, 84, 322, 323, 347, 

499. 
Sullivan, Gen. John, 486. 
Surgeons to collect sick, 192. 

report for orders, 182. 
Sutherland, Lt.-Col. Nicholas, 260, 556. 
Sword's farm, 152, 160. 

TANGUAY, Abbe, xiii. 
Tayler, Capt. Wm. T., 324. 
Tents for Light Co's. of 47th Foot, 
194. 
how pitched in wet weather, 240. 
Thompson, Gen., 176. 
Three Mile Point, 81, 83, 84. 

Rivers, II, 37, 176, 207, 229, 333, 
518. 

battle of, 456. 
orders issued at, 175. 
Ticonderoga, xlii, lii, Ixxi, Ixxiv, 29, 33, 
40, 43, 78, 81, 82, 84, 88, 89, 
90, 91, 93, 102, 106, 107, 117, 

142, 293, 3*1, 3*2, 324, 347> 
373, 400, 464, 465, 466, 486, 

499. .547- 

evacuation of, 85. 

force at, Ix, 117. 
Torpichen, Lord, xlvi. 
Tory breastwork at Bennington, 126, 

'33- . . ^ 

families in Saratoga district, 61. 



Index, 



581 



Traitors, suspected, to be investigated, 

202. 
Trois Rivieres, see Three Rivers. 
Trout, 109. 
Trumbull, Gov., 441, 444. 

Col. J., 45'- 

The, 25,447- 
Tryon, Gov. Wm.,68, 69, 70, 73, 382, 

5^5. 5^7- . ^ 

Twiss, Lieut. Wm., xlviii, li, Ixxvi, 169, 

172, 175- 235. 274, 297, 322. 



u 



NDER commissaries, 195. 
Upper Sawyers, see Sawyers. 



VALCOUR bay, naval action of, 22, 
445. 446, 449- 
island, 22, 24, 27, 55, 169. 
size of, 26. 
Valiancy, Lieut. George P., 293. 
Vangall, see Gall. 
Van Veder's Mills, Ixxxiv. 
Varennes, 184, 185, 186. 

orders issued at, 186, 187. 
Verchere, 183, 197. 

orders issued at, 183, 184. 
Verreau, Abbe, xiii, 472, 535. 
Volunteers defined, Ixxxvi. 
list of, called for, 199. 
Von Gall, see Gall. 

WADE, Engineer, 174- 
Waldeck reg't, Ixviii. 
Walker, Ellis, Capt., xlvii, 154, 179. 

251, 253 
Walker's Brigade of guns, 159, 250, 

253. ^54- 
company, 199, 207, -dO- 
Walpole, Horace, 388. 
Warburton, Miss, 387, 388. 
Warner, Col. Seth, 116, 129, 485, 495. 

494, 495' 496. 
Warner's Reg't, 494, 502. 
Washington, Gen., 293, 408, 442. 
to Congress, 416. 

secretary of war, 420. 
Sir Guy Carleton, 423. 
the galley, 26, 29, 445. 



Waterbury, Gen. David, 25, 26, 27, 29, 

439- 
Watson, Winslow C, xui, 25, 58, 

489, 
Weir, Wm., 341. 
Wellington, Duke of, li., 
Westminister Abbey, 426. 
Whipple, Gen., 557. 
Whitcomb, Lt. Benj., 4, 5. 6, 7, 4^- 

description of, 237. 
Wier, Mr., Commissary, 191. 
Wigglesworth,Col.,25, 445, 547. 
Wilford, Lt. Richard Rich., xlviii, xlix. 
Willkinson, Gen. James, 4, 27, 62, 90, 

145-445. 558- 

Wilkinson's, duel with Gen. Gates, 401. 

Wiilett, Col., 47. 

Williams, Maj. Griffith, Ivi, Ixxiv, 102, 
156, 166, 172, 175, 179, 180, 
181, 207, 232, 240, 247, 251, 

^5^. 253. 3'^. 3i7> 3^°. 347- 
Williams' Artillery Company, 211, 251, 

252, 319. 
Willsborough, 448. 
Willoe, Capt., 177. 
Windmill Point, 30, 33, 79. 
Windsor Beans, 109. 
Winter clothes to be packed, 287. 

hill, 352. 
Winterschmidt, Lt. Gott J., 294. 
Wirtemberg Chasseurs, 46. 
Wolfe, Gen., Ixv, II, 45, 4^9- 
Women insulted by men bathing, 
194. 

provisions for, 298. 

with Burgoyne's army, Ixxxi. 
Wood Creek, 46, 94, 507, 513. 

for Convention Troops, 329. 
Woolwich, Ixxvi. 
Wooster, Gen., 276, 524, 525- 
Working parties, 219, 222, 248. 
how composed, 219. 

YAMARCA, 243. 
York, Lt. John H., 157, I7». 
319. 
Younglove, Dr. Moses, 47. 



